ncar southern ocean workshop sjoerd groeskamp · ncar southern ocean workshop sjoerd groeskamp...
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NCAR Southern Ocean Workshop Sjoerd Groeskamp
10-04-2017
Could Cabbeling play a limiting role for the surface to interior pathway of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Southern Ocean?
Granite Beach, South Coast Track, Tasmania, Australia.
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Mixing directions in the ocean
KH∇HC, Horizontal Mesoscale Stirring
KI∇NC, Isopycnal Mesoscale StirringD∇C, Isotropic small-scale Stirring
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Water Mass Transformation Nonlinear Equation of State
Salinity
Tem
pera
ture
SmaxSmidSmin
Tmin
Tmid
Tmax
Mesoscale Mixing
Cabbeling
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Simple EOS:
Reverse sign of yb
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Find arguments based on Observation.Find arguments based on Observation.
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Find arguments based on Observation.
Based on Observations: •WOA-2013 (S&T). •Mesoscale Mixing: —> ARGO Based:
Mesoscale mixing
Cole et al. (2015)+extrapolation
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Requires Spatial Variation Eddy Diffusivity
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FORMATIONAAIW
27-27.5kg/m3
Dense AAIW27.25-27.5
kg/m3
Horizontal 29 Sv 11.9
Isopycnal 4.1 Sv 8.7 Sv
Vertical -29 Sv -2.9
Surface Fluxes -26 Sv -41.2
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Ongoing work.
Conclusion: Cabbeling —> important role for AAIW formation
—> Vertical (Tracer) Transport
Zonally Averaged Tendency Sea level Rise
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Conclusion:
Cabbeling —> important role for AAIW formation —> Vertical (Tracer) Transport
Question:
Where is the cabbeling coming from?
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Saenko and Weaver 2001: Wind Stress Applied to:
Open water and sea ice.
Open water only (=90% ice free)
Sea Ice only
Everywhere, but not to sea ice.
No AAIW formation
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Abernathey et al. (2016): Ice Melt in AAIW area.From: SOSE
Their Figure 3b
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Freshwater Influx from ice melt.
Warm Salty SAMW influx
Enhanced Mixing byEddies in Southern Ocean.
Cabbeling
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Anthropogenic Carbon Circulation The (CA,𝝈0) Volumetric Streamfunctions
Doos and Webb (1995)Nycander et al (2006)Ferrari and Ferreira (2011)Zika et al (2012)Doos et al (2012)Groeskamp et al (2014a,b, 2016b, 2017)
Streamfunction Papers
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Anthropogenic Carbon Circulation The (CA,𝝈0) Streamfunctions
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Anthropogenic Carbon Circulation The (CA,𝝈0) Streamfunctions
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Anthropogenic Carbon Circulation The (CA,𝝈0) Streamfunctions
1) Surface fluxes redistributed by circulation.
2) Circulation and mixing accumulate CA in AAIW range.
3) About 9 Sv of Dense AAIW formation. 4) AAIW formation important part of CA
circulation.
Question:Is cabbeling a limiting factor for CA subduction?
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Schematic of resulting Circulation
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Conclusions:• Cabbeling significant for AAIW formation (Nycander et al 2015,
Groeskamp et al 2016).
• Anthropogenic Carbon subducted with AAIW
• Anthropogenic Carbon accumulating in the AAIW region.
Questions:• If Sea Ice melt creates S&T contrast that allows for AAIW, what happens
when sea-ice flux changes?
• Is there a seasonality in AAIW formation?
• How does the AAIW formation influence subduction of tracers and specifically Anthropogenic Carbon.
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Mixing in the ocean
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Conclusions/Future Work (1/3)•Cabbeling significant for AAIW formation.
•Streamfunction for Tracer-Tracer coordinates.
•Applied to S&T to understand water mass transformation and heat and salt transport (and mixing).
•Applied to CA and 𝝈0, to understand CA accumulation and redistribution.
•In this model: •TW: Uptake = Loss.
—> Large CA transport: from TW to SAMW. •CA Accumulation: —> Mostly SAMW/AAIW. •AAIW: Important for surface -> Interior CA transport. •S.O. Eddies: Important for surface -> Interior CA transport. •NADW: Small but DEEP surface -> Interior CA transport. •AABW not so much.
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Diapycnal Redistribution:Transport and Accumulation
TW to SAMW Eddies and Seasonal Cycle
NADW
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Diapycnal Redistribution:Transport and Accumulation