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November 2017 Report

12/18/2017

Nebraska Community Energy Alliance

Connecting

Nebraska

Communities

Driving

Americas Fuel! November 2017 - Economic,

GHG and Monthly Project

Report

Moe Alahmad, Ph.D., P.E. UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA-LINCOLN


1

This report provides the following documents:

Project Executive Summary

Economic Savings Data for the Transportation Sector in

Nebraska.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Data for the

Transportation Sector in Nebraska.

Economic and Environmental Monthly Project Report

November 2017


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Executive Summary The mission of the Nebraska Community Energy Alliance (NCEA) is to build and promote advanced

technologies for housing and transportation that save energy, reduce CO2 pollution and cut costs.

(http://www.necommunity.energy/mission/). NCEA believes that demonstrating these technical advances at the local level is the best way to accelerate

the market in Nebraska. Establishing the economic and environmental benefits of advanced technologies,

such as electric vehicles and smart charging stations, at this level will serve the mission of the NCEA and

also its funder, the Nebraska Environmental Trust (NET). NET aims to conserve, enhance and restore

the natural environments of Nebraska, which can be achieved by using electric vehicles and charging

stations (http://www.environmentaltrust.org/about/index.html).

NCEA is in the second phase of building a statewide refueling infrastructure for electrified transportation

through the award of its second grant from the NET. When completed, a total of 24 electric vehicles

(EVs), nine compressed natural gas vehicles (CNG) and 35 ChargePoint networked charging stations

will be deployed across Nebraska in NCEAs member communities and organizations.

In collaboration with the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, data from the EVs, CNGs, and the

ChargePoint charging stations is being collected, processed, and analyzed to document the

environmental and economic benefits of these two, advanced fuel vehicles. A detailed data analysis can

be found at the projects main website here: http://engineering.unl.edu/e-vehicle/).

In promoting advanced fuel vehicles and a network charging infrastructure, the team is involved in

educational initiatives that include attending, speaking, and participating in all dedication events and the

development of activities to promote this technology throughout Nebraska.

Total Environmental and Economic Savings

In November 2017, the total environmental savings includes all users as the charging stations are

open to the public and not just members of the NCEA. The savings is a reduction of 1.91 tons

(3,817 lbs.) of CO2, 72 lbs. of CO, 0.4 lbs. of CH4, and 4.2 lbs. of VOC. The total economic savings for the month of November is $928.

The total environmental and economic savings since the implementation of the first NET grant

cycle and the start of data collection in November 2014 is approximately 103.14 tons of CO2

(206,284 lbs.), 4,846 lbs. of CO, 276 lbs. of NOx, 21 lbs. of CH4, and 113 lbs. of VOC. The total economic savings is $26,573.

A total summary of the environmental and economic benefits for each participating city (from November

2014 to November 2017) is shown in Table A. The amount saved per city depends on the number of

EVs, CNGs, charging stations, and activation dates. Cities with 0 savings indicate that their EVs, CNGs

and/or ChargePoints are not purchased, installed or activated/in use yet. Regardless of the time frame,

the environmental and economic benefits for each community and the overall benefits for the state of

Nebraska highlight the impact this project is having on improving our own environmental and economic

well-being.

Anne McCollister, Director

Nebraska Community Energy Alliance

700 South 16th Street, LL

Lincoln, NE 68508

402-613-9566 | [email protected] | necommunity.energy

http://www.necommunity.energy/mission/http://www.environmentaltrust.org/about/index.htmlhttp://engineering.unl.edu/e-vehicle/tel:(402)%20613-9566mailto:[email protected]


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Table A. Total Economic and Environmental Benefits for the Cities Participating in this Project

Participating

Cities

BEV CNG CS Economic

Benefits

Environmental Benefits (Emission Reductions) (lbs.)

CO2 CO SO2 NOx CH4 VOC

Allen Consolidated

Schools 1 - 2 $1,885.94 13,802.05 338.77 11.74 18.47 1.4 8.03

Ashland - - 3 $242.88 1,759.26 43.43 1.16 1.86 0.19 1.19

Bellevue 2 - 4 $2,109.20 18,783.27 470.2684 18.1784 26.1725 1.9231 10.689

Central City 1 - 2 $131.39 1,113.51 29.2601 0.9649 1.6729 0.119 0.6494

Dakota County 1 - 2 $300.48 2,223.93 55.02 1.9854 3.05 0.226 1.27

Ferguson House, Lincoln office of

NCEA - - 2 $522.97 4,404.93 110.14 4.09 6.19 0.45 2.49

Gothenburg 1 - - $682.92 5,830.56 151.984 5.012 8.69 0.6184 3.373

Gretna 1 - 4 $643.64 5,442.36 138.3 4.52 7.29 0.571 3.296

Hastings 1 - 2 $44.22 324.5 8.35 0.21 0.42 0.035 0.212

Holdrege - - 2 $72.52 600.52 15.57 0.509 0.881 0.064 0.351

Kearney 1 - 2 $954.66 7,622.48 186.94 5.73 10.16 0.773 4.44

LES - - 4 $1,512.07 11,662.8 291.27 9.56 16.26 1.19 6.65

Lexington 2 - 4 $781.52 6,399.1 165.32 5.37 9.28 0.68 3.76

Lincoln - - 20 $2,012.39 13,748.68 335.61 8.94 16.21 1.42 8.85

Nebraska City 1 3 5 $3,671.73 24,351.17 411.26 14.73 23.01 2.23 9.29

OPPD 4 - 6 $4,141.93 35,774.9 895.1 32.9 49.3 3.67 20.6

Seward 2 - 4 $1,242.20 10,250.8 252.1 8.1 14.41 1.08 6.14

South Sioux City 4 2 6 $4,138.40 34,507.4 886.67 38.4 59.26 3.69 20.48

Valley 1 - 2 $151.37 1,321.4 33.0 1.30 1.77 0.136 0.78

Wayne 1 4 2 $1,330.45 6,360.24 27.8 0.89 1.4 0.12 0.61

Total $26,573 206,284 4,846 (174) 276 21 113

() Indicates no savings

BEV: Battery Electric Vehicle & plug in hybrid

CNG: Compressed Natural Gas

CS: Charging station ports


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Table of Contents

I. Economic Benefit Analysis for Nebraskas Alternative Fuel Vehicles

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II. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data for the Transportation Sector in Nebraska

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III. Economic and Environmental Monthly Project Report November 2017

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1. Allen School 25

2. Ashland 28

3. Bellevue 35

4. Central City 38

5. Dakota County 41

6. Ferguson House Station 44

7. Gothenburg

8. Gretna

9. Hastings

47

48

51

10. City of Holdrege 54

11. Kearney 57

12. LES 60

13. Lexington 63

14. Lincoln 66

15. Nebraska City 69

16. OPPD 77

17. Seward 84

18. South Sioux City 87

19. Valley 90

20. Wayne 93

Appendix - Detailed GHG Calculations 98


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Economic Benefit Analysis for Nebraskas Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Introduction

In this economic analysis, we look at five types of alternative fuel vehicles:

- CV Conventional vehicles (Internal combustion Engine (ICE) Cars) running on gasoline fuel

- DV Cars (Internal combustion Engine (ICE) Cars) running on Diesel fuel - CNG Trucks running on Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel - BEV Battery electric vehicles (all electric) running a 100% on Electricity fuel

1- Economic benefits due to fuel type price differences

Data calculations are based on the following average prices and assumptions:

Gas price of $2.143 per gallon (based on 2016 average [1]). Diesel price of $2.304 per gallon (based on 2016 average [1]). CNG price of $1.99 per gallon based on the Districts 12- month average CNG rate for

Metropolitan Utilities District (MUD) for Nebraska. [2]

Electricity price is dependent on the utility serving the cities in the study: there are four companies that supply power for the cities in this study, each with their own energy

makeup and pricing:

o Omaha Public Power District (OPPD) o Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) o Northeast Nebraska Public Power District (NeNPPD) o Lincoln Electric System (LES) o Hastings Utilities o Nebraska City Utilities (NCU) o Wayne

The price of electricity for each city depends of the current rate for the electric provider, unless a

different electricity rate is specified on the citys website. OPPD generates power for Ashland,

Bellevue, Gretna, and Valley [3]. NPPD provides power to Gothenburg, Holdrege, Lexington,

Seward, South Sioux City, and Wayne as a wholesale power supply; and also to Kearney as a retail

provider [4]. LES serves Ferguson and Lincoln [5]. Hastings and Nebraska City are unique as they

both provide their own power for their cities [6,7]. The city of Wayne does not generate their own

power, but it receives its wholesale power from two sources: approximately 20% is supplied from

Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) through hydropower, and the remaining 80% is

supplied by NPPD [8]. Further details for each electricity provider, including current energy mix

and environmental emissions calculations, are listed in the Appendix for BEV data. NeNPPD

delivers power to Allen, Dakota County, and Wayne over NeNPPD transmission lines, but the

electricity is generated by NPPD [9]. The participating cities are shown in Table I with their service

provider and the price per kilowatt.


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Table I. Participating Cities and their Electric Rates based on the Service Provider.

Participating communities

Provider

Price per kWh ($)

Allen Consolidated Schools NeNPPD 0.0855

Ashland OPPD (retail) 0.1016

Bellevue OPPD (retail) 0.1016

Central City NPPD (wholesale power supply) 0.0903

Dakota County NeNPPD 0.0855

Ferguson House (Lincoln) LES 0.07473

Gothenburg [10] NPPD (wholesale power supply) 0.0820

Gretna OPPD (retail) 0.1016

Hastings Provides own service 0.0769

Holdrege [11] NPPD (wholesale power supply) 0.0855

Kearney NPPD (retail) 0.0903

Lexington [12] NPPD (wholesale power supply) 0.10731

Lincoln LES 0.07473

Nebraska City [13] Provides own service 0.1064

OPPD OPPD 0.1016

Seward [14] NPPD (wholesale power supply) 0.1022

South Sioux City NPPD (wholesale power supply) 0.0903

Valley OPPD 0.1016

Wayne [15] NeNPPD 0.1111

Table II shows the costs for driving one mile for each fuel type. The cost of fuel for a BEV is

based on the price per kWh for OPPD, NPPD, NeNPPD, LES, Hastings, and Nebraska City

calculated by averaging the summer and winter rate over the year for each provider. The

specified summer and winter period varies for each provider. The fuel efficiency for a CV and

DV is based on EPAs Trends report for light-duty automotive technology [16]. The CNG fuel

efficiency is based on data for the 2017 F-150 CNG truck [17]. BEV data is based on the fuel

efficiency for a 2014 Nissan Leaf [18]. All fuel efficiencies for the vehicles are explained in the

Appendix


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Table II. Cost for driving one mile.

CV DV CNG BEV

OPPD NPPD NeNPPD LES Hastings NCU

Cost of

Fuel

$2.143 per

gallon

$2.304 per

gallon

$1.99 per

gallon

$0.10305

per kWh

$0.091 per

kWh

$0.09365

per kWh

$0.07995

per kWh

$0.0769

per kWh

$0.1064

per kWh

Fuel

Efficiency

29.4 miles

per gallon

28.6 miles

per gallon

21 miles

per gallon

3.7 miles

per kWh

3.7 miles

per kWh

3.7 miles

per kWh

3.7 miles

per kWh

3.7 miles

per kWh

3.7 miles

per kWh

Cost per

mile $0.0729 $0.0806 $0.0948 $0.0279 $0.0246 $0.0253 $0.0216 $0.0208 $0.0288

Table III shows the cost savings for alternative fuel vehicles when compared with the conventional

vehicle (CV). The calculations shown are for driving one mile and then for driving an average of

12,000 miles (one year).

Table III. Cost savings for Alternative fuel vehicles when compared to CV.

CV DV CNG BEV


Cost per mile $0.0729 $0.0806 $0.0948 $0.0279 $0.0246 $0.0253 $0.0216 $0.0208 $0.0288

Savings over

CV per mile -------- -------- -------- $0.045 $0.0483 $0.0476 $0.0513 $0.0521 $0.0441

Estimated

savings over

CV per year

-------- -------- -------- $540.00 $579.60 $571.20 $615.60 $625.20 $529.20

Table IV shows the cost savings for driving BEV with varying gas prices. In this analysis, the price of

gasoline varies from $1.50 to $3.00 in 50 cent increments. Table IV also shows the savings with the

actual price of gas when the project was initially deployed in the summer of 2014. The calculations

for the BEV prices are based on an average kWh price for OPPD, NPPD, NeNPPD, LES, Hastings,

and Nebraska City ($0.0918/kWh).

Table IV. Cost savings for driving BEV with varying gas prices.

Cost of Gasoline $/Gallon $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.61 (Summer 2014)

Savings over CV per mile $0.0262 $0.0432 $0.0602 $0.0772 $0.098

Savings over CV per year

(12,000 miles) $314.52 $518.60 $722.68 $926.76 $1,175.74


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2- Economic benefits due to other factors effecting each fuel type In addition to the fuel savings, additional cost savings for BEVs are attributed to car maintenance

requirements. Table V shows the average maintenance cost for each type of car and calculates

the yearly savings for the DV and BEV over the CV.

Table V. Cost savings for DV and BEV due to maintenance and other savings. [19-20]

CV DV BEV*

Cost per mile $0.0565 $0.0426 $0.0367

Cost per year $678 $511.20 $440.40

Savings over CV per year -------- $166.80 $237.60

*BEVs annual maintenance are estimated to be 35% less than the maintenance requirement for CVs [21].

3- Total Economic Benefits

Table VI shows the average combined fuel and maintenance cost savings for BEV in Nebraska.

Table VI. Total economic savings for DV and BEV over the CV.

CV DV BEV


Cost per mile $0.1294 $0.1232 $0.0646 $0.0613 $0.0620 $0.0583 $0.0575 $0.0655

Savings over

CV per mile -------- $0.0062 $0.0648 $0.0681 $0.0674 $0.0711 $0.0719 $0.0639

Estimated

savings over

CV per year

-------- $74.40 $777.60 $817.20 $808.80 $853.20 $862.80 $766.80


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References

[1] https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_gnd_dcus_nus_a.htm

[2] http://www.mudomaha.com/news/new-compressed-natural-gas-station-open-summer-0

[3] https://www.oppd.com/media/207840/oppd-rate-manual.pdf

[4] http://www.nppd.com/assets/residentialservice.pdf

[5] http://www.les.com/residential/rates/rate-schedules

[6] https://www.hastingsutilities.com/rates/#electric

[7] https://www.nebraskacityutilities.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/IRP-NCU-Final-5-Year-Report-

2017.pdf

[8] http://www.cityofwayne.org/index.aspx?nid=157

[9] http://www.nnppd.com/billing/rates/files/Town_Residential_Rates_2014.pdf

[10] http://www.ci.gothenburg.ne.us/Ordinances/Rate%20Ordinance.pdf

[11] http://cityofholdrege.org/utilities-2/electric-rates/

[12] http://info.cityoflex.com/lexus/2017_lex_util_rates.pdf

[13] https://www.electricitylocal.com/states/nebraska/nebraska-city/

[14] http://www.cityofsewardne.com/files/2016/06/electr.pdf

[15] http://ne-wayne.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=372

[16] https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/420r16010.pdf

[17]https://www.ford.com/trucks/f150/2017/?gclid=CjwKCAiA3JrQBRBtEiwAN7cEGv7_zNNeQ5YBd

GjAJuFCQ7EfVpTXRHo5-

JHWOApNdyQ8eCO3SOcTVBoCgwIQAvD_BwE&searchid=757864941|45440733568|295546941270|

&s_kwcid=AL!2519!3!209479024998!b!!g!!%2Bf%20%2B150%20%2B2017&ef_id=WIKAQwAAAH

Rk9WFA:20171112011229:s

[18] https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=34699

[19] http://newsroom.aaa.com/2016/04/driving-costs-hit-six-year-low-finds-aaa-2/

http://exchange.aaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Your-Driving-Costs-2015.pdf

[20] http://www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0501.pdf

[21] https://www.fpl.com/environment/pdf/get-charged-up.pdf

https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_gnd_dcus_nus_a.htmhttp://www.mudomaha.com/news/new-compressed-natural-gas-station-open-summer-0https://www.oppd.com/media/207840/oppd-rate-manual.pdfhttp://www.nppd.com/assets/residentialservice.pdfhttp://www.les.com/residential/rates/rate-scheduleshttps://www.hastingsutilities.com/rates/#electrichttps://www.nebraskacityutilities.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/IRP-NCU-Final-5-Year-Report-2017.pdfhttps://www.nebraskacityutilities.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/IRP-NCU-Final-5-Year-Report-2017.pdfhttp://www.cityofwayne.org/index.aspx?nid=157http://www.nnppd.com/billing/rates/files/Town_Residential_Rates_2014.pdfhttp://www.ci.gothenburg.ne.us/Ordinances/Rate%20Ordinance.pdfhttp://cityofholdrege.org/utilities-2/electric-rates/http://info.cityoflex.com/lexus/2017_lex_util_rates.pdfhttps://www.electricitylocal.com/states/nebraska/nebraska-city/http://www.cityofsewardne.com/files/2016/06/electr.pdfhttp://ne-wayne.civicplus.com/index.aspx?nid=372https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-11/documents/420r16010.pdfhttps://www.ford.com/trucks/f150/2017/?gclid=CjwKCAiA3JrQBRBtEiwAN7cEGv7_zNNeQ5YBdGjAJuFCQ7EfVpTXRHo5-JHWOApNdyQ8eCO3SOcTVBoCgwIQAvD_BwE&searchid=757864941|45440733568|295546941270|&s_kwcid=AL!2519!3!209479024998!b!!g!!%2Bf%20%2B150%20%2B2017&ef_id=WIKAQwAAAHRk9WFA:20171112011229:shttps://www.ford.com/trucks/f150/2017/?gclid=CjwKCAiA3JrQBRBtEiwAN7cEGv7_zNNeQ5YBdGjAJuFCQ7EfVpTXRHo5-JHWOApNdyQ8eCO3SOcTVBoCgwIQAvD_BwE&searchid=757864941|45440733568|295546941270|&s_kwcid=AL!2519!3!209479024998!b!!g!!%2Bf%20%2B150%20%2B2017&ef_id=WIKAQwAAAHRk9WFA:20171112011229:shttps://www.ford.com/trucks/f150/2017/?gclid=CjwKCAiA3JrQBRBtEiwAN7cEGv7_zNNeQ5YBdGjAJuFCQ7EfVpTXRHo5-JHWOApNdyQ8eCO3SOcTVBoCgwIQAvD_BwE&searchid=757864941|45440733568|295546941270|&s_kwcid=AL!2519!3!209479024998!b!!g!!%2Bf%20%2B150%20%2B2017&ef_id=WIKAQwAAAHRk9WFA:20171112011229:shttps://www.ford.com/trucks/f150/2017/?gclid=CjwKCAiA3JrQBRBtEiwAN7cEGv7_zNNeQ5YBdGjAJuFCQ7EfVpTXRHo5-JHWOApNdyQ8eCO3SOcTVBoCgwIQAvD_BwE&searchid=757864941|45440733568|295546941270|&s_kwcid=AL!2519!3!209479024998!b!!g!!%2Bf%20%2B150%20%2B2017&ef_id=WIKAQwAAAHRk9WFA:20171112011229:shttps://www.ford.com/trucks/f150/2017/?gclid=CjwKCAiA3JrQBRBtEiwAN7cEGv7_zNNeQ5YBdGjAJuFCQ7EfVpTXRHo5-JHWOApNdyQ8eCO3SOcTVBoCgwIQAvD_BwE&searchid=757864941|45440733568|295546941270|&s_kwcid=AL!2519!3!209479024998!b!!g!!%2Bf%20%2B150%20%2B2017&ef_id=WIKAQwAAAHRk9WFA:20171112011229:shttps://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=34699http://newsroom.aaa.com/2016/04/driving-costs-hit-six-year-low-finds-aaa-2/http://exchange.aaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Your-Driving-Costs-2015.pdfhttp://www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0501.pdfhttps://www.fpl.com/environment/pdf/get-charged-up.pdf


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Greenhouse Gas Emission Data for the Transportation Sector in

Nebraska

I- Introduction This report provides Greenhouse Gas emission (GHG) data on the following transportation vehicles:

CV: Vehicles that use gasoline (Conventional Vehicles)

DV: Vehicles that use Diesel (Diesel Vehicles)

CNG: Vehicles that use Compressed Natural Gas

BEV: Vehicles that use electricity (Battery Electric Vehicles)

With respect to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), the calculations are based on how the electricity is

generated (what primary energy sources are used in this production and their percentages). This report

looks at the following utility companies in Nebraska:

Omaha Public Power District (OPPD)

Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD)

Lincoln Electric System (LES)

Hastings Utilities

Nebraska City Utilities

Wayne

The report looks into current and future primary energy sources in use and/or proposed for the generation

of electricity by each utility. This information has been obtained from public published information or

directly from the utility company via personal contacts.

The report is structures as follows: Section II provides a summary of the GHG emissions for each

transportation type along with BEV GHG emission for each of the three utilities; Section III provides a

definition of the GHG types used in this document and; Section IV provides detailed calculations on how

the GHG emission are calculated. References for data used are provides at the end of this report.

II- GHG Emissions Summary The following sections, starting on the next page, provide a general description for each utility company

and a summary of the greenhouse gas emissions.

a. Omaha Public Power District (OPPD) Omaha Public Power District is a publicly owned electric utility that serves a population of 799,000 people,

more than any other electric utility in the state. While its headquarters is located in Omaha, Neb., OPPD

has several other locations in its 13-county, 5,000-square-mile service area in southeast Nebraska. Current

fuel sources for generation include low-sulfur coal, wind, landfill gas, natural gas and fuel oil, and

hydroelectric. The North Omaha Station and Nebraska City Station burn low-sulfur coal, and units for each

station were retrofitted with emission control systems in 2016. Three peaking plants are fueled by natural

gas and fuel oil, including Cass County Station, Jones Street Station, and Sarpy County Station. The Elk

City Station uses methane and other gases from decomposing trash in the Douglas County Landfill. With

the stations, OPPD also has purchase power agreements with eight wind facilities in Nebraska. OPPD

retired the nuclear-powered Fort Calhoun Station, and ceased generation on October 24, 2016 with

completed defueling outage in November 2016. As explained in their Integrated Resource Plan in February

2017, OPPD is committed to increasing their renewable energy generation and it is expected to grow to

30% renewable in 2018 for total retail sales, and 50% by 2021. [1] OPPD is also assessing the potential for


11

community-solar energy project in response to customer interest. Table I and II provide a summary of GHG

emissions for each vehicle type based on the primary energy source used for one mile and for one year.

TABLE I. Greenhouse Gas Emissions (grams per mile) for OPPD utility company

Emissions (grams per mile) CV DV CNG BEV

OPPD 2016 (12.2% Renewable)

CO2 Equiv. 303.73 356.22 368.65 178.75

CO2 302.29 355.94 334.76 177.94

CO 2.8647 2.7362 0.68 0.06

CH4 (Methane) 0.0173 0.0005 0.737 0.002

N2O 0.0036 0.001 0.05 0.0029

NOx 0.1202 0.2333 0.29 0.242

SO2 0.0042 0.002 0.0016 0.368

VOC 0.1679 0.0726 0.23 0.0028

TABLE II. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in lbs. for one year using an average driving distance of 12,000

miles. (1 lb. = 453.592 g)

Emissions per year (lbs.) CV DV CNG BEV

OPPD 2016 (12.2% Renewable)

CO2 Equiv. 8,035.33 9,423.98 9,752.82 4,728.92

CO2 7,997.23 9,416.57 8,856.24 4,707.49

CO 75.79 72.39 17.99 1.587

CH4 (Methane) 0.458 0.013 19.50 0.0529

N2O 0.095 0.026 1.323 0.0767

NOx 3.18 6.172 7.672 6.402

SO2 0.111 0.053 0.0423 9.736

VOC 4.44 1.921 6.085 0.0741


12

b. Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) NPPDs revenue is mainly derived from wholesale power supply agreements with 46 towns and 25 rural

public power districts and rural cooperatives who rely totally or partially on NPPDs electrical system.

NPPD also serves about 80 communities at the retail level. Approximately 5,267 miles of transmission

lines make up the NPPD electrical grid system, which delivers power to more than 91,000 Nebraskans. NPPD owns or has operating control of 34 generating facilities, and their current fuel sources include

coal, nuclear, natural gas and oil, hydropower, wind and solar [2]. They have two low-sulfur coal stations

including Gerald Gentleman Station and Sheldon Station. Their natural gas facilities include the Beatrice

Power Station, Canaday Station, and three peaking units located in Hallam, Hebron, and McCook. Wind

is supplied from eight facilities located in Nebraska. NPPD operates three hydroelectric generators

located in North Platte, Kearney, and Spencer. NPPD also unveiled their Sunwise Community Solar

program in Venango and Scottsbluff.

Table III and Table IV provide a summary of GHG emissions for each vehicle type based on the primary

energy source used in each vehicle type for one mile and for one year.

TABLE III. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors (grams per mile) for NPPD utility company


NPPD 2016 (13.7% Renewable)

CO2 Equiv. 303.73 356.22 368.65 131.45

CO2 302.29 355.94 334.76 130.74

CO 2.8647 2.7362 0.68 0.0419

CH4 (Methane) 0.0173 0.0005 0.737 0.00147

N2O 0.0036 0.001 0.05 0.0021

NOx 0.1202 0.2333 0.29 0.1438

SO2 0.0042 0.002 0.0016 0.266

VOC 0.1679 0.0726 0.23 0.00188

TABLE IV. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in lbs. for one year using an average driving distance of 12,000

miles. (1 lb. = 453.592 g).

Emissions per year (lbs.) CV DV CNG

BEV

NPPD 2016 (13.7%

Renewable)

CO2 Equiv. 8,035.33 9,423.98 9,752.82 3,477.58

CO2 7,997.23 9,416.57 8,856.24 3,458.79

CO 75.79 72.39 17.99 1.1085

CH4 (Methane) 0.458 0.013 19.50 0.0389

N2O 0.095 0.026 1.323 0.0556

NOx 3.18 6.172 7.672 3.8043

SO2 0.111 0.053 0.0423 7.0372

VOC 4.44 1.921 6.085 0.0497


13

c. Lincoln Electric System (LES)

LES services approximately 200 square miles within Lancaster County in Nebraska, comprising the cities

of Lincoln, Prairie Home, Waverly, Walton, Cheney, and Emerald. Approximately 118,518 residential

customers and 16,649 commercial and industrial customers. Their fuel sources include coal, natural gas,

landfill gas, hydropower, wind, and solar. LES owns the coal-powered Laramie River Station, and is a

part owner of the Walter Scott, Jr. Energy Center Unit 4. They are currently under a purchase agreement

with NPPD for part of the output from their Sheldon and Gerald Gentleman Stations. LES has three

natural gas stations including 8th & J, Rokeby, and Terry Bundy Stations. Their 5-MW landfill gas facility

was completed in 2014 from the Bluff Road Landfill. They also purchase hydropower through Western

Area Power Administration, and they are in a power purchase agreement to receive wind power from

seven facilities located in Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Kansas. LES has their own wind generators capable

of generating 1 MW. They also launched their SunShares program in August 2014 to allow customers to

voluntarily support a local community solar project, and the 5-MW project was finished in June 2016. [3]

Table V and Table VI provide a summary of GHG emissions for each vehicle type based on the primary

energy source used in each vehicle type for one mile and for one year.

TABLE V. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors (grams per mile) for LES utility company.


LES 2016 (36% Renewable)

CO2 Equiv. 303.73 356.22 368.65 164.37

CO2 302.29 355.94 334.76 163.62

CO 2.8647 2.7362 0.68 0.059

CH4 (Methane) 0.0173 0.0005 0.737 0.0019

N2O 0.0036 0.001 0.05 0.00256

NOx 0.1202 0.2333 0.29 0.178

SO2 0.0042 0.002 0.0016 0.405

VOC 0.1679 0.0726 0.23 0.0032

TABLE VI. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in lbs. for one year using an average driving distance of 12,000

miles. (1 lb. = 453.592 g)


LES 2016 (36% Renewable)

CO2 Equiv. 8,035.33 9,423.98 9,752.82 4,348.49

CO2 7,997.23 9,416.57 8,856.24 4,328.65

CO 75.79 72.39 17.99 1.5609

CH4 (Methane) 0.458 0.013 19.50 0.0503

N2O 0.095 0.026 1.323 0.0677

NOx 3.18 6.172 7.672 4.7091

SO2 0.111 0.053 0.0423 10.7145

VOC 4.44 1.921 6.085 0.0847


14

d. Hastings Utilities

Hastings Utilities serves 56 square miles, including the city of Hastings and the village of Juniata. Most

electricity is generated by the coal-fired Gerald T. Whelan Energy Center. The rest of the generation is

provided by the Don Henry Power Center and the North Denver Station. The Don Henry Power Center

operates primarily on natural gas, and at times fuel oil. The North Denver Station has two natural gas

fired generators. The largest peak demand for Hastings Utilities was 100.7 MW in July 2005, but they are

capable of producing approximately 135 MW. Any electricity generation that goes beyond local needs

can be sold on the wholesale market, and the sales revenues help to keep local electric rates down. [4]

Table VII and VIII provide a summary of GHG emissions for each vehicle type based on the primary

energy source used for one mile and for one year [5].

TABLE VII. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors (grams per mile) for Hastings utility company


Hastings 2016

CO2 Equiv. 303.73 356.22 368.65 223.21

CO2 302.29 355.94 334.76 222.44

CO 2.8647 2.7362 0.68 0.05714

CH4 (Methane) 0.0173 0.0005 0.737 0.00309

N2O 0.0036 0.001 0.05 0.00258

NOx 0.1202 0.2333 0.29 0.2011

SO2 0.0042 0.002 0.0016 0.3164

VOC 0.1679 0.0726 0.23 0.004121

TABLE VIII. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in lbs. for one year using an average driving distance of 12,000

miles. (1 lb. = 453.592 g)


Hastings 2016

CO2 Equiv. 8,035.33 9,423.98 9,752.82 5,905.13

CO2 7,997.23 9,416.57 8,856.24 5,884.76

CO 75.79 72.39 17.99 1.5117

CH4 (Methane) 0.458 0.013 19.50 0.0817

N2O 0.095 0.026 1.323 0.0683

NOx 3.18 6.172 7.672 5.3202

SO2 0.111 0.053 0.0423 8.3705

VOC 4.44 1.921 6.085 0.109


15

e. Nebraska City Utilities

Nebraska City Utilities (NCU) is municipally-owned electric utility located in southeastern

Nebraska. NCU serves the city, as well as villages in Otoe County, Lancaster County, and

Nemaha County. In 2016, NCU served a total of 5,716 customers. NCU owns and operates three

diesel engine generator plants and a natural gas utility with 27.1 MW of capacity, and also

purchases energy from WAPA with 8.2 MW of capacity. NCU also has ownership rights of 21

MW of baseload resources [6]. The energy mix for NCU is shown in Table V.

Table IX and X provide a summary of GHG emissions for each vehicle type based on the primary energy

source used for one mile and for one year.

TABLE IX. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors (grams per mile) for Nebraska City Utilities.


Nebraska City 2016 (26.06% Renewable)

CO2 Equiv. 303.73 356.22 368.65 198.48

CO2 302.29 355.94 334.76 197.568

CO 2.8647 2.7362 0.68 0.06411

CH4 (Methane) 0.0173 0.0005 0.737 0.002198

N2O 0.0036 0.001 0.05 0.003195

NOx 0.1202 0.2333 0.29 0.2197

SO2 0.0042 0.002 0.0016 0.5072

VOC 0.1679 0.0726 0.23 0.0028

TABLE X. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in lbs. for one year using an average driving distance of 12,000

miles. (1 lb. = 453.592 g)


Nebraska City 2016 (26.06% Renewable)

CO2 Equiv. 8,035.33 9,423.98 9,752.82 5,250.89

CO2 7,997.23 9,416.57 8,856.24 5,226.76

CO 75.79 72.39 17.99 1.6961

CH4 (Methane) 0.458 0.013 19.50 0.0581

N2O 0.095 0.026 1.323 0.0845

NOx 3.18 6.172 7.672 5.8123

SO2 0.111 0.053 0.0423 13.4182

VOC 4.44 1.921 6.085 5,250.89


16

f. Wayne Energy Mix

The city of Wayne receives 80% of its wholesale power from NPPD, and 20% from the Western

Area Power Administration (WAPA), with generation from hydropower [7]. Table XI and XII

provide a summary of GHG emissions for each vehicle type based on the primary energy source used for

one mile and for one year.

TABLE XI. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors (grams per mile) for Wayne Energy Mix


Wayne 2016 (30.96%)

CO2 Equiv. 303.73 356.22 368.65 104.77

CO2 302.29 355.94 334.76 104.299

CO 2.8647 2.7362 0.68 0.0335

CH4 (Methane) 0.0173 0.0005 0.737 0.001181

N2O 0.0036 0.001 0.05 0.00166

NOx 0.1202 0.2333 0.29 0.115

SO2 0.0042 0.002 0.0016 0.2128

VOC 0.1679 0.0726 0.23 0.00151

TABLE XII. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in lbs. for one year using an average driving distance of 12,000

miles. (1 lb. = 453.592 g)


Wayne 2016 (30.96%)

CO2 Equiv. 8,035.33 9,423.98 9,752.82 2,771.74

CO2 7,997.23 9,416.57 8,856.24 2,759.28

CO 75.79 72.39 17.99 0.8863

CH4 (Methane) 0.458 0.013 19.50 0.0312

N2O 0.095 0.026 1.323 0.0439

NOx 3.18 6.172 7.672 3.0424

SO2 0.111 0.053 0.0423 5.6297

VOC 4.44 1.921 6.085 0.0399

References [1] Omaha Public Power District (OPPD), "Integrated Resource Plan OPPD February 2017," [Online]. Available:

http://www.oppd.com/media/247147/oppd-integrated-resource-plan.pdf

[2] Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD), "Financial & Sustainability Report of the Nebraska Public Power

District 2016," [Online]. Available:

http://www.nppd.com/assets/publications/2016FinancialSustainabilityReport/files/assets/common/downloads/2016

%20Financial%20&%20Sustainability%20Report.pdf

[3] Lincoln Electric System (LES), "2016 Year to Date (January to Decemeber), [Online]. Available:

http://www.les.com/pdf/board/minutes-2017/bd-min-jan.pdf

[4] https://www.hastingsutilities.com/services/electric/?ref=head

[5] https://www.hastingsutilities.com/assets/site/utl/documents/HastingsUtilities2016AuditReport.pdf

[6] https://www.nebraskacityutilities.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/IRP-NCU-Final-5-Year-Report-2017.pdf

[7] http://www.cityofwayne.org/index.aspx?nid=157

http://www.oppd.com/media/247147/oppd-integrated-resource-plan.pdfhttp://www.nppd.com/assets/publications/2016FinancialSustainabilityReport/files/assets/common/downloads/2016%20Financial%20&%20Sustainability%20Report.pdfhttp://www.nppd.com/assets/publications/2016FinancialSustainabilityReport/files/assets/common/downloads/2016%20Financial%20&%20Sustainability%20Report.pdfhttp://www.les.com/pdf/board/minutes-2017/bd-min-jan.pdfhttps://www.hastingsutilities.com/services/electric/?ref=headhttps://www.hastingsutilities.com/assets/site/utl/documents/HastingsUtilities2016AuditReport.pdfhttps://www.nebraskacityutilities.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/IRP-NCU-Final-5-Year-Report-2017.pdfhttp://www.cityofwayne.org/index.aspx?nid=157


17

III- Greenhouse Gas Definitions A greenhouse gas is a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by infrared radiation produced by solar

warming of the earths surface. The following information provides a definition of each type of GHG

emission and detailed analysis of how these GHG emissions are calculated along with supporting

references.

Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2 Equiv.) The CO2 equivalent gives a total emissions factor for the three most common greenhouse gasses, CO2,

CH4, and N2O. Each of the three gasses is multiplied by its global warming potential (GWP) shown

below which accounts for the potency of each gas [1]. For example, CH4 has a GWP of 28 which means

that one gram of CH4 has the same effect on the climate as 28 grams of CO2. The 100-year time is the

period in which the GWP is measured. Certain gasses are more harmful in the short term or in the long

term so the 100-year value is usually used as a good average. The equation below shows the formula for

calculating CO2 equivalent emissions.

100-year GWP value

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1

Methane (CH4) 28

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 265

CO2 Equivalent = 1*CO2 emissions + 28*CH4 emissions + 265*N2O emissions

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Carbon dioxide is the most common greenhouse gas and makes up 76% of all GHG emissions. The

majority of CO2 emissions come directly from electricity generation, transportation, and industry while a

smaller fraction comes indirectly from deforestation, increased agriculture, and other activities that reduce

the amount of natural land.

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Carbon monoxide is a very weak direct greenhouse gas, but has important indirect effects on global

warming. CO reacts with hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the atmosphere, reducing their abundance.

Methane (CH4) Methane is the second most common greenhouse gas at 16% and is also the main component of natural

gas. When released into the atmosphere it reacts to form CH3 and water vapor which is the most potent of

greenhouse gasses. Methane is far worse in the short term with a 20 year GWP of 84. The long term GWP

of methane is 28.

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Nitrous oxide is the third most common greenhouse gas at 6% of all GHG emissions. N2O reacts with the

air to produce nitric oxide (NO) which then reacts with the ozone layer. N2O is extremely potent and has

a GWP factor 265 times that of CO2.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Exposure to sulfur dioxide can have significant impacts to the human respiratory system. Short term

exposure to SO2 can make breathing difficult and the effect is worse for children, the elderly, and those

with asthma. SO2 also contributes to formation of acid rain.


18

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Nitrogen oxides can also cause breathing problems for healthy people and especially for those with

asthma. The EPA measured that NOx concentrations inside vehicles can be 2-3 times higher than at

locations away from roadways. Nitrogen oxides also react in the air to produce smog and acid rain.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Volatile organic compounds cause many problems as indoor and outdoor air pollutants. Outdoor VOC

emissions can create photochemical smog. VOCs are any compound of carbon, not including carbon

dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides, and ammonium carbonate [22].

See Appendix for detailed calculation related to Tables I-VI


19

Economic and Environmental Monthly Project Report

November 2017 I- Introduction

The Nebraska Community Energy Alliance (NCEA) was founded in June 2014 as an inter-local

cooperative agency. Today, it has 29 members that span the entire state of Nebraska. Figure 1 shows

these members and their location across the state.

Figure 1. Nebraska map showing the 29 NCEA members.

The mission of the Nebraska Community Energy Alliance (NCEA) as it is stated on its website,

(http://www.necommunity.energy/mission/), is to build and promote advanced technologies for housing

and transportation that save energy, reduce CO2 pollution and cut costs. This mission is clearly

articulated by Mr. Lance Hedquist, city administrator for South Sioux City and a founder of NCEA,

Communities have a choice to simply exist or to lead. Our projects demonstrate leadership and help

motivate and excite our citizens."

NCEA believes demonstrating the economic and air quality benefits of advanced fuel vehicles at the local

level is the best way to accelerate the market in Nebraska. This mission is being achieved using grant

funding from the Nebraska Environmental Trust (NET) and its own mission to conserve, enhance and

restore the natural environments of Nebraska. (http://www.environmentaltrust.org/about/index.html).

NCEA is in the process of implementing its second NET grant cycle. When completed, a total of 24

Electric Vehicles (EVs), nine Compressed Natural Gas vehicles (CNGs) and 35 ChargePoint charging

stations will be deployed across communities in Nebraska. Table 1 shows the participating cities and

their involvement. Figure 2 shows a map of Nebraska and the location and level of involvement in terms

of deployment of advanced fuel vehicles (AFVs) and networked charging infrastructure.

In collaboration with the Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Constructions (DSAEC) at the

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, data is being collected, processed and analyzed from the AFVs through

networked charging stations to document the environmental and economic benefits of AFVs. In addition

to data from the charging stations installed per this project, data is also being collected from previously

installed charging stations at NCEA member locations. Specifically, additional data from LES, Nebraska

City and OPPD charging stations are included in this report. A detailed data analysis can be found at the

http://www.necommunity.energy/mission/http://www.environmentaltrust.org/about/index.html


20

projects main website (http://engineering.unl.edu/e-vehicle/). In addition to data analysis, the team is

involved in educational initiatives to promote AFVs and charging infrastructure. Activities include

attending, speaking and participating in all dedication events and the development of workshops and a

statewide public event to promote this technology throughout Nebraska.

The remainder of the report provides detailed information on the data analysis for each city/community

involved in this project.

Table 1. Participating Cities and their Involvement in the NCEA-NET Grants.

Participating communities Electric Vehicle CNG Vehicles Charging Station-ports

Allen Consolidated Schools 1 0 2

Ashland 0 0 3* (* one DC Fast charging ports)

Bellevue 2 0 4

Central City 1 0 2

Dakota County 1 0 2

Ferguson House (Lincoln) 0 0 2

Gothenburg 1 0 0

Gretna 1 0 4

Hastings 1 0 2

Holdrege 0 0 2

Kearney 1 0 2

Lexington 2 0 4

Lincoln 1 0 20

Nebraska City 1 3 4

OPPD 3 0 4

Seward 2 0 4

South Sioux City 4 2 6

Valley 1 0 2

Wayne 1 4 0

Total 24 9 69

http://engineering.unl.edu/e-vehicle/


21

Figure 2. Participating communities in the deployment of AFVs and EV smart charging infrastructure.

II- Detailed Data Analysis

Data calculations and analysis for the month of November, and since the start of data collection in

November 2014, for each participating city is detailed in this section. A summary of the environmental

and economic benefits is shown in Table 2 and for the duration of the project thus far is shown in the

Table 3 below. The difference in the amount saved per city is due to the number of EVs, CNGs, charging

stations and activation dates. Cities with 0 savings indicate that their EVs, CNGs and/or networked

charging stations are not purchased, installed or activated/in use yet. In addition, the report provides data

from existing charging stations installed prior to NCEA grants for LES, Nebraska City and OPPD. The

information is summarized in the table and detailed in the respective city information.

Regardless of the time frame, the environmental and economic benefits for each community and the

overall benefits for the state of Nebraska highlight the impact this project is having on improving our own

environment and economic wellbeing.


22

TABLE 2. Economic and Environmental Benefits for the Month of November for EV Only

Participating

Cities BEV CNG CS

Economic

Benefits



Allen Consolidated

Schools 1 - 2 $53.02 252.13 4.1486 0.3847 0.0346 0.0233 0.244

Ashland - - 4 $40.93 148.02 3.34 0.4331 0.145 0.0182 0.1966

Bellevue 2 - 4 - - - - - - -

Central City 1 - 2 - - - - - - -

Dakota County 1 - 2 $9.95 47.22 0.78 0.072 0.0065 0.0044 0.0457


NCEA - - 2 $7.41 26.69 0.54 0.0772 0.0112 0.0029 0.0317

Gothenburg 1 - - - - - - - - -

Gretna 1 - 4 $29.97 209.11 2.46 0.32 0.1068 0.0134 0.1449

Hastings 1 - 2 $7.35 15.62 0.55 0.0611 0.011 0.0028 0.032

Holdrege - - 2 $0.89 4.28 0.071 0.0065 0.0006 0.0003 0.004

Kearney 1 - 2 $66.86 298.88 4.92 0.4561 0.0411 0.028 0.29

LES - - 4 $28.71 104.83 2.12 0.3031 0.0437 0.0117 0.1245

Lexington 2 - 4 $14.86 26.68 1.26 0.117 0.011 0.0071 0.074

Lincoln - - 20 $303.50 1,097.1 22.20 3.17 0.46 0.12 1.3

Nebraska City 1 3 5 $28.56 67.24 2.36 0.263 0.068 0.014 0.138

OPPD 4 - 6 $104.15 377.37 8.51 1.1 0.37 0.046 0.50

Seward 2 - 4 $69.87 350.49 5.77 0.53 0.048 0.032 0.34

South Sioux City 4 2 6 $146.77 705.21 11.6 1.08 0.097 0.065 0.68

Valley 1 - 2 $1.90 6.89 0.156 0.02 0.007 0.0008 0.009

Wayne 1 4 2 $12.99 78.9 1.13 0.083 0.0021 0.0064 0.07

Total $928 3,817 72 (8.48) (1.46) 0.4 4.2


- Indicate no reporting for this month


23

TABLE 3. Total Economic and Environmental Benefits for the Cities Participating in this Project

Participating

Cities

BEV CNG CS Economic

Benefits



Allen Consolidated

Schools 1 - 2 $1,885.94 13,802.05 338.77 11.74 18.47 1.4 8.03

Ashland - - 4 $242.88 1,759.26 43.43 1.16 1.86 0.19 1.19

Bellevue 2 - 4 $2,109.20 18,783.27 470.2684 18.1784 26.1725 1.9231 10.689

Central City 1 - 2 $131.39 1,113.51 29.2601 0.9649 1.6729 0.119 0.6494

Dakota County 1 - 2 $300.48 2,223.93 55.02 1.9854 3.05 0.226 1.27


NCEA - - 2 $522.97 4,404.93 110.14 4.09 6.19 0.45 2.49

Gothenburg 1 - - $682.92 5,830.56 151.984 5.012 8.69 0.6184 3.373

Gretna 1 - 4 $643.64 5,442.36 138.3 4.52 7.29 0.571 3.296

Hastings 1 - 2 $44.22 324.5 8.35 0.21 0.42 0.035 0.212

Holdrege - - 2 $72.52 600.52 15.57 0.509 0.881 0.064 0.351

Kearney 1 - 2 $954.66 7,622.48 186.94 5.73 10.16 0.773 4.44

LES - - 4 $1,512.07 11,662.8 291.27 9.56 16.26 1.19 6.65

Lexington 2 - 4 $781.52 6,399.1 15.32 5.37 9.28 0.68 3.76

Lincoln - - 20 $2,012.39 13,748.68 335.61 8.94 16.21 1.42 8.85

Nebraska City 1 3 5 $3,671.73 24,351.17 411.26 14.73 23.01 2.23 9.29

OPPD 4 - 6 $4,141.93 35,774.9 895.1 32.9 49.3 3.67 20.6

Seward 2 - 4 $1,242.20 10,250.8 252.1 8.1 14.41 1.08 6.14

South Sioux City 4 2 6 $4,138.40 34,507.4 886.67 38.4 59.26 3.69 20.48

Valley 1 - 2 $151.37 1,321.4 33.0 1.30 1.77 0.136 0.78

Wayne 1 4 2 $1,330.45 6,360.24 27.8 0.89 1.4 0.12 0.61

Total $26,573 206,284 4,846 174 276 21 113



24

Impact of Individual Cities In the tables and graphs that follow, the cost of miles driven using a comparable gasoline-powered vehicle

(CV) is provided. Then, the cost of miles driven using the AFVs are provided. The economic savings

comparison is then provided. In addition to miles driven, maintenance costs and savings that include oil

and filter changes for the CV and battery replacement costs for the EVs are provided in the Other Cost

Savings information. Similar calculations and analysis are provided for the GHG emissions and

reductions.

In the graphs that follow, blue bars on graphs show daily energy usage and GHG savings while the green

line shows cumulative usage. For this report, we are using the kWh data from ChargePoint to calculate

the economic and environmental savings, accounting for the energy feedstock mix of each of the power

generation districts in Nebraska.


25

Allen Consolidated Schools

Economic saving data (Fuel & Maintenance cost savings):

This Month (November) All Time

Miles driven 666.63 18,028.99

Energy consumed (kWh) 196.07 5,302.65

Fuel cost Savings:

Usage Cost Using CV

(Gas) $56.59 $2,003.88

Usage Cost Using EV

(Electricity) $16.76 $362.94

Total Fuel Savings $39.83 $1,640.94

Other Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $37.66 $911.40

EV Costs $24.47 $666.40

Total Other Cost Savings $13.19 $245.00

Overall Economic Savings $53.02 $1,885.94

AFV: One Chevy Volt Car Charging stations: One Level-2 station The price of electricity per kWh: $0.066


26

Environmental saving data (reduction in Emissions):


Miles driven 666.63 18,028.99


CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 444.27 15,792.87

EV (Electricity) 192.14 1,990.82

Overall Emission

Reductions 252.13 13,802.05

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 4.2102 341.0629

EV (Electricity) 0.0616 2.2947

Overall Emission

Reductions 4.1486 338.7682

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0062 0.7858


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.3847) (11.2425)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1767 24.6909


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0346) 18.4703

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0254 1.4768


Overall Emission

Reductions 0.0233 1.4000

VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.2468 8.1233


Overall Emission



27

Energy Consumption Data

November 2017

GHG Emission Reduction Data

November 2017


28

Ashland

Total Economic saving data (Fuel & Maintenance cost savings):


Miles driven 539.94 2,805.39

Energy consumed (kWh) 158.81 825.12

Fuel cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $46.37 $279.97

Usage Cost Using

EV (Electricity) $16.13 $79.78

Total Fuel

Savings $30.24 $200.19

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $30.51 $146.20

EV Costs $19.82 $103.51

Total Other Cost

Savings $10.69 $42.69

Overall Economic Savings $40.93 $242.88

AFV: AFV: 0 Cars Charging stations: One Level-2 station & One Fast DC charging station The price of electricity per kWh: $0.094


29

Total environmental saving data (reduction in Emissions):


Miles driven 539.94 2,805.39


CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 359.83 2,303.33


Overall Emission

Reductions 148.02 1,759.26

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 3.4100 43.8030


Overall Emission


SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.005 0.0970


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.4331) (1.1612)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1431 3.0298


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.145) 1.8644

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0206 0.1977


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1999 1.2049


Overall Emission



30


November 2017


November 2017


31

Ashland (Fast DC charging):



Miles driven 492.82 993.58


Fuel cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $42.39 $91.61

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $27.66 $62.68

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $27.84 $53.78

EV Costs $18.09 $36.58

Total Other Cost

Savings $9.75 $17.20



32





CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 328.43 744.87


Overall Emission


CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 3.1124 10.8943


Overall Emission


SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0046 0.0227


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.3952) (0.0360)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1306 0.6993


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.1323) 0.2385

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0188 0.0536


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1824 0.3915


Overall Emission



33

Ashland (One Level-2 station):



Miles driven 47.12 1,811.96


Fuel cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $3.97 $188.37

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $2.56 $137.50

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $2.66 $92.41

EV Costs $1.73 $66.94

Total Other Cost

Savings $0.93 $25.47



34





CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 31.4 1,558.59


Overall Emission

Reductions 12.92 1,298.15

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.2976 32.5560


Overall Emission


SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0004 0.0743


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0378) (1.1974)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0125 2.3306


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0126) 1.6320

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0018 0.1424


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0174 0.8054


Overall Emission



35

Bellevue


This Month (November)* All Time

Miles driven 0 23,642

Energy consumed (kWh) 0 6,953.53

Fuel cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $0 $2,456.98

Usage Cost Using EV

(Electricity) $0 $656.20

Total Fuel Savings $0 $1,800.78

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $0 $1,182.82

EV Costs $0 $874.40

Total Other Cost

Savings $0 $308.42

Overall Economic Savings $0 $2,109.20

*Data is provided through total vehicle mileage. A monthly average was calculated to determine the

savings for this month.

AFV: Two Nissan Leaf Cars Charging stations: Two Level-2 stations The price of electricity per kWh: $0.094


36



Miles driven 0 23,642

Energy consumed (kWh) 0 6,953.53

CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 21,144.47

EV (Electricity) 0 2,361.20

Overall Emission

Reductions 0 18,783.27

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 473.3955

EV (Electricity) 0 3.1271

Overall Emission

Reductions 0 470.2684

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 1.1016


Overall Emission

Reductions 0 (18.1784)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 34.67


Overall Emission


CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 2.0274


Overall Emission

Reductions 0 1.9231

VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 10.8191


Overall Emission

Reductions 0 10.689


37


November 2017


November 2017

(Data was provided from the electrical car mileage)


38

Central City


This Month (November)* All Time

Miles driven 0 1,421.0

Energy consumed (kWh) 0 417.94

Fuel cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using CV

(Gas) $0 $155.98

Usage Cost Using EV

(Electricity) $0 $42.63

Total Fuel Savings $0 $113.35

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $0 $70.62

EV Costs $0 $52.58

Total Other Cost

Savings $0 $18.04

Overall Economic Savings $0 $131.39

AFV: One Nissan Leaf Car Charging stations: One Level-2 station The price of electricity per kWh: $0.102


39



Miles driven 0 1,421.0

Energy consumed (kWh) 0 417.94

CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 1,287.43


Overall Emission

Reductions 0 1,113.51

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 29.4481


Overall Emission


SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 0.0689


Overall Emission

Reductions 0 (0.9649)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 2.1710


Overall Emission

Reductions 0 1.6729

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 0.1253


Overall Emission

Reductions 0 0.119

VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0 0.6566


Overall Emission

Reductions 0 0.6494


40


November 2017


November 2017

(Data was provided from the electrical car mileage)


41

Dakota County



Miles driven 124.85 2,832.41


Fuel cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $10.62 $319.19

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $7.48 $262.89

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $7.05 $142.32

EV Costs $4.58 $104.73

Total Other Cost

Savings $2.47 $37.59


AFV: One Chevy Volt Car Charging stations: One Level-2 station The price of electricity per kWh: $0.066


42



Miles driven 124.85 2,832.41


CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 83.21 2,511.18


Overall Emission


CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.7885 55.3905


Overall Emission


SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0012 0.1284


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.072) (1.9854)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0331 4.0375


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0065) 3.0523

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0048 0.2383


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0462 1.2877


Overall Emission



43


November 2017


November 2017


44

Ferguson House Station





Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $7.60 $566.05

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $5.68 $451.54

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $4.93 $274.92

EV Costs $3.20 $203.49

Total Other Cost

Savings $1.73 $71.43


AFV: 0

Charging stations: One Level-2 station

The price of electricity per kWh: $0.00706


45





CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 58.19 4,932.29


Overall Emission


CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.5515 110.8692


Overall Emission

Reductions 0.5401 110.1418

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0008 0.2583


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0772) (4.0921)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0231 8.1297


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0112) 6.1919

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0033 0.4742


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0323 2.5222


Overall Emission



46


November 2017


November 2017


47

Gothenburg

AFV: One Nissan Leaf Car

Charging stations: 0


NOTE:

Data is calculated based on Mileage provided (7,381 Miles as of September 2, 2017.)

Total CO2 emission reductions is 5830.56 lbs.

Total CO reduction is 151.984 lbs.

Total SO2 reduction is (5.012 lbs.)

Total NOx reduction is 8.69 lbs.

Total CH4 reduction is 0.6184 lbs.

Total VOC reduction is 3.373 lbs.

Total Cost benefits savings $682.92


48

Gretna



Miles driven 397.98 7,413.96


Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $33.98 $749.61

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $22.09 $542.41

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $22.49 $375.25

EV Costs $14.61 $274.02

Total Other Cost

Savings $7.88 $101.23


AFV: One Nissan Leaf Car Charging stations: Two Level-2 station The price of electricity per kWh: $0.094


49



Miles driven 397.98 7,413.96


CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 365.23 6,578.21


Overall Emission

Reductions 209.11 5,442.36

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 2.5125 139.2775


Overall Emission

Reductions 2.4599 138.2970

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0037 0.3204


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.3192) (4.5186)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1055 10.0681


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.1068) 7.2868

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0152 0.6039


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1473 3.3342


Overall Emission



50


November 2017


November 2017


51

Hastings





Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $7.61 $48.13

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $5.60 $37.20

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $5.01 $25.03

EV Costs $3.26 $18.01

Total Other Cost

Savings $1.75 $7.02


AFV: One Nissan Leaf Car Charging stations: One Level-2 station



52





CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 59.14 413.59


Overall CO2 Emission


CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.5605 8.4107


Overall NOx Emission


SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0008 0.0190


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.06119 (0.2100)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0235 0.5964


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0108) 0.4196

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0034 0.0371


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0328 0.2145


Overall Emission



53


November 2017


November 2017


54

City of Holdrege





Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $0.95 $83.34

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $0.67 $62.57

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $0.64 $38.51

EV Costs $0.42 $28.56

Total Other Cost

Savings $0.22 $9.95


AFV: 0 Charging stations: One Level-2 station The price of electricity per kWh: $0.092


55





CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 7.54 693.90


Overall Emission


CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0715 15.6744


Overall Emission


SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0001 0.0366


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0065) (0.5087)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.003 1.1512


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0006) 0.8814

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0004 0.0669


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0042 0.3546


Overall Emission



56


November 2017


November 2017


57

Kearney



Miles driven 790.29 9,982.19


Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $71.08 $1,078.40

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $51.21 $818.69

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $44.65 $504.92

EV Costs $29.00 $368.95

Total Other Cost

Savings $15.65 $135.97


AFV: One Ford Fusion Charging stations: One Level-2 station The price of electricity per kWh: $0.0889


58



Miles driven 790.29 9,982.19


CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 526.67 8,733.63


Overall Emission

Reductions 298.88 7,622.48

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 4.9911 188.2086


Overall Emission

Reductions 4.9181 186.9399

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0073 0.4333


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.4561) (5.7339)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.2094 13.6155


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0411) 10.1598

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0301 0.8154


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.2925 4.4936


Overall Emission



59


November 2017


November 2017


60

LES



Miles driven 342.89 14,719.81


Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $29.46 $1,625.95

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $21.92 $1,319.29

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $19.37 $737.16

EV Costs $12.58 $544.38

Total Other Cost

Savings $6.79 $192.78


Charging stations: 2 stations The price of electricity per kWh: $0.0706


61



Miles driven 342.89 14,719.81


CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 228.52 13,139.50


Overall Emission

Reductions 104.83 11,662.80

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 2.1656 293.2190


Overall Emission

Reductions 2.1210 291.2737

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0032 0.6817


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.303) (9.5571)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0909 21.4524


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0437) 16.2581

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0131 1.2570


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1269 6.7263


Overall Emission



62


November 2017


November 2017


63

Lexington



Miles driven 202.73 8,314.00


Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $17.25 $904.26

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $10.85 $673.03

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $11.45 $415.99

EV Costs $7.44 $307.50

Total Other Cost

Savings $4.01 $108.49


AFV: One Chevy Volt Car and one Ford Focus Car Charging stations: Two Level-2 station The price of electricity per kWh: $0.0939


64



Miles driven 202.73 8,314.00


CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 135.11 7,434.45


Overall Emission


CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 1.2804 166.3991


Overall Emission

Reductions 1.2616 165.3156

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0019 0.3872


Overall Emission

Reductions 0.1170 (5.3697)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0537 12.1853


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0105) 9.2847

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0077 0.7127


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0750 3.8041


Overall Emission



65


November 2017


November 2017


66

Lincoln



Miles driven 3,588.45 20,636.56

Energy consumed (kWh) 1,055.43 6,069.58

Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $311.32 $2,142.34

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel Savings $232.45 $1,706.29

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $202.75 $1,067.80

EV Costs $131.70 $761.70

Total Other Cost

Savings $71.05 $306.10


AFV: 0 Cars Charging stations: Ten Level-2 stations The price of electricity per kWh: $0.0706


67



Miles driven 3,588.45 20,636.56

Energy consumed (kWh) 1,055.43 6,069.58

CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 2,391.47 17,211.39

EV (Electricity) 1,294.39 3,462.71

Overall Emission

Reductions 1,097.08 13,748.68

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 22.6631 338.3305


Overall Emission

Reductions 22.1964 335.6145

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0332 0.7576


Overall Emission

Reductions (3.1708) (8.9396)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.9509 23.6990


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.4573) 16.2054

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1369 1.5096


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 1.3283 8.9659


Overall Emission



68


November 2017


November 2017


69

Nebraska City



Miles driven 295.04 14,385.41


Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $25.45 $1,584.74

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $16.22 $1,152.33

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $16.67 $719.40

EV Costs $10.83 $532.07

Total Other Cost

Savings $5.84 $187.33


Data from charging station per this project. AFV: One Nissan Leaf Car and Three Compressed Natural Gas Cars Charging stations: Three Level-2 stations The price of electricity per kWh: $0.1084


70



Miles driven 295.04 14,385.41


CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 196.63 12,876.49


Overall Emission

Reductions 51.94 11,389.38

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 1.8634 288.6923


Overall Emission

Reductions 1.8262 286.7935

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0027 0.6720


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.2031) (10.5788)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0782 21.1521


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0526) 16.0488

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0113 1.2359


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.1092 6.5872


Overall Emission



71

CNG Data:

Total

Miles driven 36,520.0

Fuel cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using CV (Gas) $4,017.20

Usage Cost Using CNG

(Natural gas) $2,191.20

Total Fuel Savings $1,826.0

CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 33,090.8

CNG (Natural Gas) 25,039.51

Overall Emission Reductions 8,051.29

CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 756.82

CNG (Natural Gas) 1,429.1

Overall Emission Reductions (672.28)

SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.9662

CNG (Natural Gas) 0.1288

Overall Emission Reductions 0.8374

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 20.29



CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 1.05



VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 16.88




72


November 2017


November 2017


73

Nebraska City

- Data from one existing charging station with two ports





Fuel

cost

Savings:

Usage Cost Using

CV (Gas) $7.50 $603.33

Usage Cost Using


Total Fuel

Savings $4.80 $432.63

Other

Cost

Savings:

CV Costs $4.90 $283.63

EV Costs $3.20 $210.19

Total Other Cost

Savings $1.70 $73.44



74





CO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 57.93 5,503.84


Overall Emission


CO Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.549 124.2795


Overall Emission


SO2

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0008 0.2899


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0598) (4.159)

NOx

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.023 9.1260


Overall Emission

Reductions (0.0155) 6.9631

CH4

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0033 0.5309


Overall Emission


VOC

Emissions

(lbs.)

CV (Gas) 0.0322 2.8126


Overall Emission



75


November 2017


November 2017


76

Nebraska City Savings S

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