need of standards in ict based precision...

Need of Standards in ICT based Precision Agriculture

APAN39/Standards-in-Ag-Session/20150304

Sawant S, Durbha S and Adinarayana J

Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Applica'on of ICTs in Precision Agriculture

and Issues •  Crop water and pest/disease management •  Agro-‐meteorological monitoring •  Scheduling field opera9ons / crop management events (e.g.

training, pruning, fer9lizer, pes9cide applica9on ac9vi9es) •  ……

•  Various WSN and other ICT ini4a4ves across the world •  Indigenous data format •  Syntac4c and seman4c heterogeneity •  Increase difficul4es in interoperability and data discovery

Water Sustainability

Irrigation

GridSense (Groundwater-Irrigation-Disease Sensing System)

ICDTs in Water and Pest/Disease Management for Yield Improvement in Citrus (IWC)#

(Sposorer: ITRA-Water/MediaLabAsia, DeitY, GoI)

IITB

IITH COHA COEA

TCS Datamatrix

MOGA

Partnering Ins'tutes

Industry Partners

NGO/User

Lead Ins'tute

Advisors: Profs Praveen Kumar-UIC, J P King-NMSU, U Desai-IITH, S N Merchant-IITB; and Dr P S Shirgure-NRCC/ICAR

Academia-Industry-NGO Consortium

COHA: College of Horticulture, Amravati; COEA: College of Engineering, Amravati; TCS: Tata Innovation Labs MOGA: Maharashtra Orange Growers Association

http://59.181.97.157:8091/iwc/

# Awarded the Best Team Research Project by ITRA

Study Area Key Features • Water:

Ø Groundwater depth (10-‐20 m.) Ø Groundwater Status: over-‐exploited (CGWB, 2007)

• Citrus: Ø Citrus crop disease Gummosis, has a very close relation with amount of irrigation (Grimm and Timmer, 1981)

Ø Irrigation is deIined by Crop Water Requirement Index

Ø Unavailability of precise information on stage wise citrus crop water requirement

Proposed Study Area Ø Villages: Benoda, Nagziri, Bargaon and Goregaon

4

Mumbai

Need for Standards in Precision Agriculture

•  Facilitate –  Interoperability among sensing systems –  Consistent data and informa9on retrieval –  Repeatability and reuse of observa9ons for modeling and valida9on

•  Major challenges –  Combining the design specific metadata defini9ons –  Maintain quality analysis and quality check on observa9ons –  Obtain sensor calibra9on and system details –  Maintain spa9o-‐temporal resolu9on of sensing system (system

adequacy) –  Compliance with metadata standards and defini9ons (OGC, IEEE, FAO,

WMO, etc.)

Precision Agriculture

Human Par9cipatory

Sensing

Hyperspectral field

observa9ons

Geophysical observa9ons

Water use energy

measurements

Satellite based earth observa9ons

WSN based Proximal Sensing Systems

Observa9ons and measurements in Precision Hor9culture

•  An interdisciplinary and mul9-‐organiza9on ini9a9ve

•  Focus on precision farming issues (groundwater u9liza9on/alloca9on, crop disease predic9on and crop irriga9on management)

•  Through ICT and human par9cipatory sensing, an aUempt is being made to develop and validate process based regional water-‐crop-‐disease predic9on models

Data Format Text, Image

Standards SML, WMO, IEEE

Services SOS, SPS, SES

WSN based Proximal Sensing Systems


Proximal sensing systems for agro-‐meteorological monitoring

Data Format Text, Image

Standards Agronomic sampling techniques (RBD),etc.

Services DSS, etc.

Citrus pest /disease surveillance

Human Par9cipatory Sensing


Data Format Images in different wavelengths (op9cal, SAR,

etc.), GeoTiff, etc.

Standards WMS, WCS, WFS, etc.

Services WMS, WCS, WFS, etc.

Satellite based earth observa9ons


Data Format Text

Standards SML, etc.


Water use and pumping energy measurements


Data Format Text, resis9vity contours, etc.

Standards SML, GML, etc.


Electrical Resis9vity Tomography Sec9on

Geophysical observa9ons


Data Format Text, ASCII, Signature, Image, etc.

Standards SML, GML, etc.

Services SOS, SPS, SES, WMS, WCS, WFS, etc.

Hyper-‐Spectral leaf reflectance data

Hyper-‐spectral field observa9ons


Integrated Model and Standards Driven Interoperable Service Architecture of GrIDSense

Standards Driven Interoperable Services for Citrus Crop Water and Pest/Disease Management

Pest /Disease Management

Crop Water management

Crop Yield Es9ma9on Mul9-‐modal agro-‐advisory service

Agro meteorological informa9on dissemina9on

service Integrated Services


Crop Water Management

§  E v a l u a t e d m e t h o d s f o r e s 9m a 9 o n c r o p evapotranspira9on on spa9al basis for field level crop water requirement es9ma9on

§  Architecture for providing field level spa9o-‐temporal varia9ons in crop water requirement through trade-‐off between irriga9on depth and interval

§  Standards: OGC WMS and SOS


Mul'-‐modal agro advisory service

§  To study the pre-‐exis9ng informa9on and dissemina9on pla]orms in agriculture

§  Analyze the possibili9es for automa9c informa9on retrieval and dissemina9on in agriculture

§  develop a prototype holis9c system for mobile and web based agricultural advisory for citrus pest and disease management

§  U9lize the developed crowd sourcing pla]orm for citrus pest/disease management

§  Standards: OGC WMS

eCitrus Framework


Pest /Disease Management

•  Citrus orchard/plot selec9on using stra9fied random sampling using parameters such as, age of the orchard, rootstock, etc.

•  Randomized block based tree selec9on strategy •  Blocks are named as A,B,C,D and E. 3/5 Trees from each

block are selected

•  Standards: Towards implementa9on of OGC SOS and WPS standards

0

10

20

30

40

50

BN1 BN2 NZ1 NZ2 BA1 GA1 GA2 NZ3

Leafminer infesta9

on (in pe

r cen

t)

Village wise plot ID (BN=Benoda, NZ=Nagziri, BA=Bargaon, GA=Goregaon)

17-‐Jun-‐14

24-‐Jul-‐14

6-‐Sep-‐14

15-‐Oct-‐14

15-‐Nov-‐14

15-‐Dec-‐14

15-‐Jan-‐15

22-‐Feb-‐15

Observed Citrus Leafminer Pest infesta9on


Crop yield es'ma'on

•  Study field image based orange fruit quan9ty es9ma9on through image processing techniques

•  Designed a prototype Decision Support System (DSS) for automated fruit quan9ty es9ma9on

•  Standards: Towards implementa9on of OGC WMS, WFS and WPS standards

Quan9ta9ve es9ma9on of orange fruit with images data


Agro meteorological informa'on dissemina'on service

•  Interoperable Citrus Sensor Observa9on Service client for agro-‐meteorological informa9on retrieval

•  Standards: OGC SOS

Details of Sensors and Sensing System (e.g. air temperature, etc.)

Sensor Observa9ons in the form of Table, Graph and Gauge

Future Scope

•  Need for ICT based standards driven interoperable services to facilitate –  Crop resources (water, nutrient, pest/disease) management

– Mul9-‐modal (mobile and web based API’s) mul9-‐sensor (proximal, satellite based, human par9cipatory, etc.) crop informa9on retrieval

•  Standards driven cloud based processing services for crop resources management

•  Need for ICT based services in developing economies for the traceability of agriculture produce (in supply chain) from field to market (na9onal and interna9onal)

Acknowledgements

Part of this work is supported by Informa9on Technology Research Academy (ITRA), Media Lab Asia, Department of Electronics and Informa9on Technology (DeitY), Ministry of Communica9ons and Informa9on Technology, Government of India.

Acknowledgements

Part of this work is supported by Informa9on Technology Research Academy (ITRA), Media Lab Asia, Department of Electronics and Informa9on Technology (DeitY), Ministry of Communica9ons and Informa9on Technology, Government of India.

Thank you

need of standards in ict based precision...

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