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Stefano Musacchi 1 Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164

2 Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, 98801

Interpera 2017 Wenatchee, WA June 15-16, 2017

© 2017 Stefano Musacchi

• The Pear breeding program started at Bologna in 1990.

• In 2007 the CIV joint the program.

• In 2014 agreement with Unibo, CIV and WSU to maintain Stefano

Musacchi as Scientific supervisor of the pear breeding program.

The Breading program:


25 30 5 10 July August

15

Bartlett

PE1UNIBO* (Lucy SweetTM)

Carmen*

20

PE2UNIBO* (Early GiuliaTM)

PE3UNIBO* (Green DebbyTM)

15 25 30 5

PE4UNIBO* (Lucy RedTM)

Abate Fétel

September 10

Harvest calendar:


Tree:

• Medium-high vigor, compatible with

quince.

• High and constant yield.

• Bearing habit like Abbè Fétel mainly on 2

years old branch.

• Very dwarfing rootstocks like Quince C can

reduce fruit size.

Harvest date: last decade of July-early August (10 days

before William).

Fruit:

• Medium size (170-180 g) and pyriform shape,

• Green skin, even at ripening, with slight russet,

under conditions of high humidity russet can increase.

• Melting flesh and juicy, fine texture

• Very good flavour and sweetness

• Edible also crunchy due to the high level of sugar

Storability: about 7 months in cold room at -1°C with

no treatments against internal browning.


Blooming

PE 1UNIBO*LucySweet

Carmen

Abbe’ Fetel

Bartlett

Average of the years: 2010-2016


• Planting Year: 2008

• Rootstocks: MC: 3125 tree/ha

Sydo: 2500 tree/ha

• Harvest date: 2010 6 August 2011 4 August

2012 2 August

2013 1 August 2014 25 July 2015 31 July

2016 29 July

PE1 UNIBO*Lucy Sweet®


Medium-to-high vigor, compatible with quince.

Hand or chemical thinning is necessary

No secondary flowering

PE1 UNIBO* Lucy Sweet®

Vigour


• High and constant yield

• Fruit of medium size

Lucy SweetTM PE1 UNIBO*

Trial 2 - Cadriano Bologna – Σ 2010-2016



PE1- Lucy Sweet: Fruit weight average per year

Weight for box N. of fruit Average (g)

18300 60 305 too big18300 70 261 Second choise18300 80 229 Optimum18300 90 203 Optimum18300 100 183 Optimum18300 110 166 Second choise18300 120 153 too small18300 135 136 too small


year of planting rootstock

planting distances density

2010 (g)

2011 (g)

2012 (g)

2013 (g)

2014 (g)

PE1UNIBO 2008 MC 4 m x 0,8 m 3125 tree/ha= 1265 trees/A 189 192 159 162 155

PE1UNIBO 2008 SYDO 4 m x 1 m

2500 tree/ha=1012 trees/A 203 222 162 165 168

Quince MC is too dwarfing and it is not recommended


• Pyriform shape, average size (170-180 g) • Green skin, even at ripening, with slight russet from 10% to 50%. • Melting flesh and juicy, fine texture • Very good flavour and sweet

High sugar content Low acid

Storability: about 5-6 months at normal cooling at -1°C with no treatments against

internal browning.


It can be eat when it is still

crunchy as “a pear snack”

Fruit Characteristics



Variety Year Harvest date Solid soluble

content (°brix)

Acidity (g/l)

PE1UNIBO* LucySweet®

2016 29-Jul 17.0 2.5

Bartlett 08-Aug 14.8 3.2


2015 31-Jul 15.0 2.1



2014 28-Jul 17.2 2.4


PE1 UNIBO* Lucy SweetTM

Qualitative characteristics at harvest (Firmness: 5.5 kg)



PE1 UNIBO* Lucy SweetTM

PANEL TEST: Crunchy pear Vs Melting Pear

Melting and Juicy or

Crispy as Snack pear ?


Fondazione Edmund Mach - IASMA - CTT - U.FSF

Post-harvest trial

Harvest time: 02/08/2012 End storage: 24/01/2013- 05/02 Storability 180 days

Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere: T. -0,5 C°, CO2 <0,8 %, O2 0,7-1,3 %

Date Fruit weight (g)

SSR (°Brix)

Firmness (Kg)

Acidity (g/l)

Juicy (%)

Harvest time 02/08/12 189 15.0 7.2 3.0 7.6

End storage 24/01/13 175 17.2 4.6 1.9 6.5

Shelf life (10 days) 04/02/13 185 17.0 4.6 1.9 5.2

Good fruit Rot fruit Damaged

fruit Scab

Withered fruit

94% 1% 4% 0% 1%




Harvest date: last decade of July (15 days

before William).

Tree:

• Medium vigor, compatible with quince.

• High and constant yield.

• Bearing habitus on 2 years old branch and 1

year shoot.

Fruit:

• Medium-large size (240 g), pyriform shape,

• Green skin (yellow to ripening) with 20-30%

overcolor.

• Flesh white, crispy, juicy and fine texture.

• Very good flavour, sweet and quite acid

Storability: about 5 months in cold

room at -1°C with no treatments

against internal browning.

• Medium-high vigor, compatible with quince. • Bearing habit on 2-years-old branches and 1-year-old shoots.

Early GiuliaTM PE2 UNIBO* • Early harvest • Large size • High productivity • Early bearing • Interesting for high density planting


Early GiuliaTM PE2 UNIBO*


• Large fruit size (240 g), pyriform shape.

• Green skin (yellow at ripening) with 20-30% overcolor.

• Flesh white, crispy and juicy and fine texture.

4.7 3.7 1.1 kg

13.5 13.7 13.4°Brix

3.9 3.6 3.0 g/l

0

5

10

15

Harvest time End storage 90 days Shelf life

Firmness (kg/0.5 cm2) SSR (°Brix) Acidity (g/l)

Sweet and

quite acid

Storability: about 5-6 months in cold room at -1°C with no treatments against

internal browning.

Early GiuliaTM PE2 UNIBO* Fr

uit


Fondazione Edmund Mach - IASMA - CTT - U.FSF

Date Fruit weight (g)

SSR (°Brix)

Firmness (Kg)

Acidity (g/l)

Juicy (%)

Harvest time 02/08/12 231 14.3 6.9 4.5 5.0

End storage 24/01/13 225 17.4 4.4 3.5 10.3

Shelf life (10 days) 04/02/13 216 16.8 4.3 2.8 9.2

Good fruit

Rot fruit Damaged

fruit Scab

Withered fruit

89% 0% 9% 0% 1%

Early GiuliaTM PE2 UNIBO* Post-harvest trial

Harvest time: 02/08/2012 End storage: 24/01/2013- 05/02 Storability 180 days

Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere: T. -0,5 C°, CO2 <0,8 %, O2 0,7-1,3 %



PE2- Early Giulia: Fruit weight average (g)



Cultivar location year of planting rootstock

planting density density 2011 (g) 2012 (g) 2013 (g) 2014 (g) 2015 (g) 2016 (g)

PE2 UNIBO SA26 2009 BH/BA29 4 m x 1,2 m

2083 tree/ha=843 tree/A 286 282 178 247 177 226

PE2 UNIBO SA26 2008 SYDO 4 m x 1 m

2500 tree/ha=1012 tree/A 282 273 164 257 174 218

PE2 UNIBO Melloni 2011 BH/MH 3.5 m x 1 m

2857 tree/ha=1156 tree/A 244 219 281 213 237

PE2 UNIBO Melloni 2011 BH/SYDO 3.5 m x 1 m

2857 tree/ha=1156 tree/A 244 210 281 208 194

PE2 UNIBO Melloni 2011 BH/MC

3.5 m x 0.8 m

3571 tree/ha=1445 tree/A 214 178 234


Harvest date: first decade of August (-1 William).

Tree:

• Medium vigor, compact habitus

• Compatible with quince

• High yield

• Bearing habitus on 2 years old branch and 1 year shoot.

• Late flowering

Fruit:

• Medium size, elongated pyriform,

• Green skin, green-yellow at ripening

• Flesh white, melting and juicy

• Medium-fine texture

• Good flavour, sweet and quite acid

Storability: about 5 months in cold room at -1°C with no

treatments against internal browning.

Debby GreenTM PE3 UNIBO*

• Medium vigor, compact habit • Compatible with quince • Bearing habit on spur and 2-3 years old branches • Late flowering © 2017 Stefano Musacchi

• Early bearing

• Good productivity and constant yield

• Interesting for high density planting

Debby GreenTM PE3 UNIBO* Trial - Cadriano - Σ2nd -4th years


• Medium size, elongated pyriform (long-necked shape)

• Green skin, green-yellow at ripening; blush in the exposed fruit

• Flesh white, melting and juicy

• Medium-fine texture

5.5 4.5

0.5 kg

13.0 15.5

15.2°Brix

4.4 3.9 2.6 g/l

0

5

10

15

20

Harvest time End storage 90 days Shelf life

Firmness (kg/0.5 cm2) SSR (°Brix) Acidity (g/l)

Good flavor

Good balance

sweet /acid

Storability: about 5-6 months in cold room at -1°C with no treatments against

internal browning.

Debby GreenTM PE3 UNIBO* Fr

uit



PE3- Debby Green: fruit weight average (g)



Planting Combination Distance Plant density 2011 (g) 2012 (g) 2013 (g) 2014 (g) 2015 (g) 2016 (g)

2011 BH/MH 3.5 m x 1 m 2857 trees/ha = 1156 trees/A 186 175 203 178

2011 BH/SYDO 3.5 m x 1 m 2857 trees/ha = 1156 trees/A 178 175 197 174 192

2011 BH/MC 3.5 m x 0.8 m 3571 trees/ha = 1445 trees/A 172 175 182 176

2009 BH/BA29 4 m x 1.2 m 2083 trees/ha = 843 trees/A 274 183 202 188 155 183

Quince MC is too dwarfing and it is not recommended


Harvest time: Last decade of August

Tree: • Medium vigor

• Incompatible with quince

• Production mainly on one-year

old wood and 2-years old wood

• Late bloom

Fruit: • large size over 200 g

• shape similar to Abbe Fétel.

• Overcolor 80-90% of the surface

• White flesh crunchy and juicy at

full ripening


Lucy RedTM PE4UNIBO* Medium productivity Large size of fruit

Trial 1 - Cadriano – Σ2nd- 8th years


4.9

1.8

13.2 14.1

3.3

2.8

0.0

4.0

8.0

12.0

16.0

Harvest time postharvest - Shelf life

Firmness °Brix acidity

• Fruit shape: similar to Abate Fétel (long-necked shape)

• Overcolor on 80-90% of the surface

• Taste: slightly aromatic

Lucy RedTM PE4UNIBO* Fr

uit

Storability: about 5-6 months in cold room at -1°C with no treatments against internal

browning.

Crispy,

sweet/acid

balanced


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130 140 150

Early Giulia Lecy Red Debby Green

Lucy Sweet 0132-64 Abate Harrow sweet

Harvest qeen

% p

lant

with

nec

rosi

s

Erwinia amylovora (1,75x108 cells ml-1)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Early Giulia Lucy Red Debby Green Lucy Sweet 0132-64 Abate Harrow sweet

Harvest qeen

Nec

rosi

s len

ght(

cm)

Erwinia amylovora (1,75x108 cells ml-1)

Test of Fire Blight

susceptibility

2014


4 cultivars 4 different fruit types

Lucy Sweet Melting and Juicy

Crispy (Snack pear) Sweet and aromatic taste

(low acid)

Early Giulia Slight acid and

sweet; crispy

Early ripening Good appearance and

large size

Debby Green Melting flesh; aromatic and

good balance sweet/acid Compact tree

Lucy Red Sweet taste Good appearance Red skin


Thanks for your attention


Collaborators: Vincenzo Ancarani, Francesco Spinelli Silviero Sansavini

Interpera 2017 Wenatchee, WA June 15-16, 2017

Stefano Musacchi 1 Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164

2 Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, 98801

William = Bartlett (1765)

Conference (1885)

Abbe Fetel (1876)

Beurre Bosc ( 1830)

Doyenne du Comice (1849)

Max Red Bartlett (1938)

Passe Crassane (1885)

Blanquilla (<1700)

Rocha (1836)

Pear cultivar

Beurre Anjou introduced to America around 1842.


Main areas of pear production • Italy > Abbe’ Fetel (41%) • Spain > Conference (38%) and

Blanquilla (20%) • Portogal > Rocha (95%) • Belgium and Holland > Conference

(88% e 79%) • Washington USA> Anjou (59%) and

Bartlett (21%) • California USA > William= Bartlett

(60%) • South Africa (11.431 ha)> Packham’s

(29%) Forelle (26%), William Bon Chretien (16%), Early Bon Chretien (10%), Abate Fetel (5%), Rosemarie (3%)

• Argentina > Bartlett (44%) and Packham’s (25%)

• Chile (10.000 ha) > Packham’s 55%, Bosc (11%), Abbe’ Fetel (843 ha), Forelle, Carmen (120 ha), Flamingo (15 ha)


www.novagrim.com

Abate Fetel produced in Russia Krasnodar

Abate Fetel produced in Argentina Mendoza

Abate Fetel produced in Uruguay

Environmental effect on fruit crop

Abate Fetel produced in Brasil Santa Caterina

Abate Fetel produced in Italy


Ownrooted

Farold ® 40 Sydo ® BA 29

Farold ® 69 Fox 11


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