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    N, C R IExplaining the Establishment of the Andean Court of Jusce

    Osvaldo Saldas

    No. 20 | November 2010

    Working Paper

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    2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 20 | November 2010

    KFG Working Paper Series

    Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe T Tv P E

    Th KFG W P S h ch f h Kolleg-Forschergruppe by making them

    c. I hc cc xch h x c

    ch x c E h E U.

    A KFG W P h KFG .f. c

    f-@f-..

    Copyright for this issue: Osvaldo Saldas

    E c c: J S, C Bh

    S, O 2010: N, C R I.Ex h Eh f h A C f

    Jc, KFG W P S, N. 20, N 2010, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG) Th Tf P f

    E, F U B.

    ISSN 1868-6834 (P)

    ISSN 1868-7601 (I)

    Th c h f y h G Rch F (DFG).

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    Germany

    Ph: +49 (0)30- 838 57033

    Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 57096

    f-@f-.

    .f.

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    Networks, Courts and Regional Integration | 3

    Networks, Courts and Regional Integration

    Explaining the Establishment of the Andean Court of Justice

    Ov S

    F Uv B

    A

    L h y h c f f c-

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    4 | KFGWorking Paper No. 20 | November 2010

    Cnts

    1. Ic 5

    2. Th T Ach h A Pzz 5

    2.1AimsandLimitaonsoftheTransplantApproach 5

    2.2 ThreeAndeanPuzzles 7

    3. Ec C Accy C: A F 9

    4. The Andean-European Network 11

    4.1 CraingaPolicyCorefortheNetwork 11

    4.2 DiusingtheNetworksPolicyProgram 14

    5. C f h Ac f N: U W f O 14

    6. C h G C h I Pc 16

    6.1 TheCaseoftheChileanParliament 16

    6.2 Colombia and its Supreme Court 16

    7. Ex h N: B h J 18

    8. Cc 20

    L 22

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    Networks, Courts and Regional Integration | 5

    1. I1

    I c h f h ch f h y. I yy

    hh, h h c c . I h , who c what

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    2. T T A A Pzz

    2.1 AimsandLimitaonsoftheTransplantApproach

    Th h f h c. 2

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    M S f h fy c. A y .

    2 F c, h (Jy) f Thc Iq L (2009) f f h f . I , - h hc f h

    ch h y ( L 1997; cf. W 2000).

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    6 | KFGWorking Paper No. 20 | November 2010

    S ch h h c - f - h q

    h c ; y c h C

    L y c hh f y h h y h f C L

    y (.. L P . 1998; Mhy 2001). I , c h fc f

    h h y f h c cy z h , c,

    f h y (Bz . 2003: 179). I hy h ccf z

    f h h f h h - c h c

    . M, h h h h h h y c h c cc

    y. Th c h, ccc

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    h h f c y. I y hf c h c f

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    f, h hch ch c f yc . Icy ch y

    y f c h h h - h.

    Pc c, f c, cy c h y f h ch

    , cy f cy f ( f c Bz/R 2009).

    Th c q h h c f c . L c f. Th

    ch c h f h c f . F h q,

    fc h cy h h h f c h. Acc

    h, x fqy f h c f h f

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    (Bz . 2003: 164; c y Lh 2009: 621).

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    f .

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    f c, ch f h f c c f c. I x h c c

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    f h . Fy, I q h c hch c ch

    h f f h. I h y, h ch

    c c h f f , , f

    c, h c .3

    3 Th c f h A C f Jc c f h c f , h c h h E C f Jc (ECJ) c h ( S 2007; Hf .

    2009).

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    Networks, Courts and Regional Integration | 7

    2.2 ThreeAndeanPuzzles

    I My 1969, h A B, Ch, C, Ec, P h C

    A, cy h A Pc.4

    The main goal of the Cartagena Agreement was theh f c h . D , y h f h 1970 h

    z f f . Th y h c -cc

    h cy , cy h h f h f (JUNAC

    1979: 12, 84; H L 1985: 72f; JUNAC 1983; P 1999: 193). L y h L Ac

    , h A Pc c h c f .

    I h 1970 y 1980, h c f Sh Ac .

    Th Sh C M MERCOSUR h h,5 h A Pc c

    f. Sccy, 1979, h A y, h

    Commission,6 f h h f C f Jc h

    f h ECJ.7 Th h EC EC jc h A Pc

    f h c f h hy f Sh Ac c.

    I cy h h f h h A C f Jc . 8 The

    h f h C h f cc, hch

    fh h c f f. H, h fc h h c jc

    h ECJ c h y h

    ch fh. I c hy ch f h c h ch h

    cy z.

    M, h h A A h y c

    fc: y 1972, h A C h z j c- y h

    f h cy f c y. D f , c

    h J - x h A xc - (hcf h )

    h cc c h (A C 1971). F h hy,

    h zz. Th C h J c y h y h h

    f h C A. Th c x fc q y

    4 Ch h Oc 30h 1976 Vz j Fy 13h 1973, y h

    2006.

    5 I h E Cy (EC), h A Sy f I h Mch 10h y

    h Tj Pc. I h h A Pc A Cy.

    MERCOSUR h y h Ty f Ac Mch 26h 1991.

    6 R f h EU h h f h A cf. Cy h EC, h

    A C h y c y . U 1997 h

    A xc c h E C, h J f h C A

    (y h G Sc f h A Cy).

    7 F hh f h f h f h A Pc h A

    Cy, M 1995.

    8 J x f h jc: Az 1986; Cz V/S 1996; Ej 1994;

    Schc 1985; Sz Mj 2001; Tf 2001.

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    8 | KFGWorking Paper No. 20 | November 2010

    : h ch f c -cc. I , h c

    . H, f h q:

    F, h c h C c h cc h h cc

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    f h y f L Ac F T Ac, LAFTA (Z C

    1985: 126). Wh x h fc h y h h c?

    Sc, L Ac h c y (Sz S

    1973: 5). Cc h y hh c h

    (P/O-I 1971) h y f c h c

    h hh c ; L Ac j: Ccc (E/M 1993: 69). M,

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    c f h Ch P h C S C h h h c chh c h c h c f . Ahh

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    .

    9 Ahh h y h cc c, h c ch h

    h ( P 1979: 91; O Vc 1973: 135, 1974: 31).

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    Networks, Courts and Regional Integration | 9

    3. E C Avy C: A F

    I y h h c f h

    c c. Nh, h f c

    fc h h c c f ( .. Z/Kz 1996). Th

    y jc h h h y.

    A cqc, h c h ch h h c h h h -

    ch c. F h c c- , I c h y

    c c h f , c, ,

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    xc, c, fc f y h f

    y f c h c h c . Th c

    h c f c cx . Th c

    f c h c f y f y h xy h (f f h cy cc, Bz 1997).

    Th f h y hf h c h

    h c f . F c, h Accy C F (J-

    Sh/S 1994; Zf/S 1998) y h c f ch c y

    f c h h cy h c f .

    Th c h c cy c h h h j (Zf/S

    1998: 477). I h c f f, h c cc c cz c

    h h c c cc cy . Th f

    c h h c f ch c c c

    h c- c h y, f h - c. 10

    Th fc f c xc y ch

    ch hh h f f h h. I h f h

    f h c z h f ch (DM/P 1983).11

    P h Accy C F, ch fc c c h

    cy c. P H h f -

    x h h y

    h cc yc cc h. Th c f cq h h h h f y (H 1992: 2, 16). F h

    , h c f c c h y f hh

    cxy c c-. S h c h fy h

    . Th h h y hch z fy h y

    h fc f h y cy- h y h

    hy f c. Th c f c cy c, h,

    10 Oy, Zf S fc cy f -

    h h .

    11 DM P h c h hy f h c f hz h c

    ( DM/P 1983: 147).

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    10 | KFGWorking Paper No. 20 | November 2010

    cy h ; h cy y c cxy

    f (H 1992: 3, 12).12 Thf, c c c c cy- y

    fy . Nh, c c y

    c h h h. Th h, h , hy

    h f h cy c c h c f

    ( H ; H 1992: 18).

    O cy , z h h x h h cy y

    c f . Thy h z h

    z h h hy c ccf (DM/P

    1983: 152). C h ch, f c c f h

    f f ccf z y c h f

    , h c c c cy. Acc DM

    P cy y xc ch ; hc h hyh h ch h h h x hch z f

    z c ccf (DM/P 1983: 154; Zc 1987: 443). Th

    h c h f c h .

    Th h c h h. Th c ch

    cy c h h ch. S hy c h , y.

    Thy , h, y f y zz h ch q.

    Th A h h f C f Jc h h fc c

    cc f h h A c-

    c f jc. A , hh, h h A c, h f

    c c hh h c c,

    ccy c, j z c h z. Th A f

    y f c c; h c h h ccy

    c. Sy, h c yz h h h E C f Jc h

    y hhy . Nh, h h h c

    ch cy, h

    y c c f c c.

    12 Poorlyunderstoodcondionsmaycreateenoughturbulencethatestablishedoperangproceduresmaybreakdown,makinginstuonsunworkable.Neitherpowernorinstuonalcuestobehaviorwillbeavailable,and

    newpaernsofaconmayensue.(H 1992: 14)

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    Networks, Courts and Regional Integration | 11

    4. T A-E N

    4.1 CraingaPolicyCorefortheNetwork

    Th J cc ch h c c f h I f h I f LAc h C (INTAL) h y h I-Ac D B 1965. INTAL

    hq c B A c L Ac

    C h -, , -, hhc

    .13 A h , h ch h y f chc c ccy

    c f h f fc f c. INTAL f

    f h f h xc fc E. Th

    y f c h h c y h ,

    y R Ic Lc, Dch Ic, R Ic, h

    S Pcc INTAL.14 D h h c h f h A

    C f Jc, h f h ch h INTAL

    c c: E H (1972), B B (1972), Jh Ny (1969), Ph Sch (1969),

    Mc L (1968), P Pc (1967). Ahh h f cc

    ch c, h y yz cy- , h c h

    q cz y . I h , h c

    .

    F h C , h J (h ) h

    h h f . A I h h ch, h c f

    h y h c f h h A C f Jc

    hy c c f ch c ( INTAL-J N). Fx P

    h c INTAL c y h f .15

    Fx P cc c y E E .

    B A, h E L h h h

    L Sch f h Uy f M. I E h, hy

    h h f E H h Uy f By 1973.16 D h

    1966 1975, h c h f f INTAL. S c h

    h c y h ECJ A C c y P

    c y 1971. I Mch f h y, P Fcc O Vc, Ch f f h c INTAL, c cq h L Ac f

    13 T f : h://..//_c.?=ENG&

    =490&c=206&=>; cc 18 A 2010.

    14 A f h c h. RevistaIntegracinLanoamericana h f 1976-1995, De-

    rechodelaIntegracin f 1967-1978, RevistadelaIntegracin f 1967-1975, SeriePublicacionesINTAL

    f 1964-1996. Thy c y h c h qy h c f -

    , f c, RevistaIntegracin&Comercio, hch h h 1996.

    15 T y h c Dc f INTAL c- () f I h I-

    Ac D B.

    16 A f f h CV : h://.fx.c./x.h?c=yc;

    cc 18 A 2010.

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    12 | KFGWorking Paper No. 20 | November 2010

    Ecc I z y h H Acy f I L. O Vc h h

    f h L Ac xc h . Th h h y

    h E c, cy h cc h h f h E C f Jc.

    A h c h cq h ECJ J R Mc, Ec S f h

    Uy f Mch. Th h c c ccy,

    f h c f h E C, E E, Afc. O Vc

    fc h cy f jc y h c h h c f

    L Ac, cy h h f h . Th h c

    h f h c ( R 1973). O Ec

    S h c h , c cc f cy

    f h yc h h h y (R 1973:

    465f). I h c, S c h A Pc f y f h E C, y

    c f h c h h ECJ y E hh h Ac 177 f h Ty f h

    E Cy (EC). I f h S h xc h cy cc

    , h h x h h E L. Nh,

    h xc c h h INTAL f h h ECJ y 1971. 17 S

    h , h INTAL c DerechodelaIntegracin h c f Mc

    L (1968) P Pc (1967). Fh, f h E 1971, hh

    y P, h f f h c h c h J

    f h C ( INTAL 1971: 5).

    I f h c . F, x c f

    c . O h f h jcy y INTAL

    ch. Fx P hf f y h

    ch Fcc V K c h f c

    f A c. V K f h INTAL ; h h

    h DerechodelaIntegracin f C Ac (V

    K 1968). Th h INTAL c F P, ch f Uy f M,

    h h qy c h j (P 1968). Fh, c f ch

    f h J h y f f h

    h . A h x Jc Sch f Ch J

    V P f C.18 H cc h , h J c f x

    J 23, 1972, h h h . I , E c

    h , h f h E xc: h E

    C c c f h L Sc, G O, ECJ j P Pc

    (M 1995: 71-2), h h h ch h h h h .

    Th c h c f cfc z y h Sc f h C Ac

    C M h , h

    17 Iy, Fx P h h f Ccc h h jc fc.

    Ahh c h c fc f h jcy, h h cc f c jc

    L Ac; f hh h y ch h ( h h ).

    18 A h c : R C (B), R Bj y Bj (Ec) Hc C-

    j Chz (P).

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    Networks, Courts and Regional Integration | 13

    f h J c h x W Mch, G Dc f h E C

    L Sc, Mc L, G Ac f h ECJ; , h h

    f h J Lx B h h

    fc f h ECJ y (JUNAC 1972: 135).

    A h x f h , h h fc h c c, hch

    c j cy c. Th c cc h

    by INTAL in two issues ofDerechodelaIntegracin.

    A x f c h y h

    ch f cch. I h y c f y

    h c, y h L Ac F T Ac (LAFTA), h

    C Ac C M (CACM), h E Cy, h Ecc Cy f

    W Afc S (ECOWAS), h G A T T (GATT). Y, h

    y f f h E C f Jc. Th INTAL c c

    fc h E xc f h y ( .. INTAL 1972:

    123, 6; JUNAC 1973: 139, 40, 41, 46). Cy, fc h y f LAFTA h

    h c ,19 y c h h q. I h

    Fx P h h f h . I h c, h c

    c h ch c cx -cx y. I f,

    h -cx ch y z ch

    . Cy, cx h h hhy z jc .

    Ahh P f f cy c, q c h h

    , c h A Pc cc h A Cy c f h

    hc y x h E Cy. Th P yy h h

    c h c h h c f h .

    Thf, h c f h . Th J f c,

    h c f c, -cc, y ; h c y

    h c f cy f (JUNAC 1973: 139, 49f).20 The report is formally approved

    y h C Dc 1972, h c c f f

    xch f h y c, f y h x f fc

    h h J h cc .21 A , h J

    h f x h f .

    19 E c c c ALALC fc q q c

    (JUNAC 1973: 144).

    20 I h h h h j h f A cy c ,

    q h f h E C f Jc - y h R Lc.

    21 L c f c cc , q

    J xcc c yc q h y cch

    cc c Rc . L Rc -

    c c S c z ysuconformidadconlamaneraenquela

    Juntavienedesarrollandoestostrabajos (A C 1972: 3; h ). I f M. ZChq Dq, Dc C f h A Cy, f h h cc h

    c.

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    14 | KFGWorking Paper No. 20 | November 2010

    4.2 DiusingtheNetworksPolicyProgram

    Th fc h INTAL-J y f h c f c f f

    c. A h L Cy f G, h h

    h A y c h c f h . B Oc 28h

    N 5h 1972, h cc f h Ly C f h A G, F Sz S,

    c f h J f h f h , ch f h

    h f A jc f h cy (Sz S 1973). Th

    c fc , h f y h c,

    f c h h f jc f h C A (INTAL 1973: 179).

    Oy f y , f N 20h 24h, INTAL C Uy,

    the ColegioMayordeNuestraSenoradelRosario. Th c h L c f cc

    h fc h A y h E xc

    h C f Jc. A h A c f h :F Sz S G Fz S, h J c, Fx P Fcc

    V K f INTAL, Jc Sch J V P h h Ch

    C h ; y, h E xc: J Vc L,

    f f E B Uy, Mch G, f c f h EC L

    Sc (INTAL 1973: 178).

    B 1973 1979, INTAL cy c f h f h ACJ jc h

    cc f . Th cy hh h j DerechodelaIntegracin

    ( .. INTAL 1975: 5-7) y h f h . Ny P Pc (1973,

    1974, 1974, 1977), Fcc O Vc (1974, 1975, 1977), F Sz (1978), Fx P

    (1979). I , h j c f h ECJ (1976, 1976, 1977,

    1978, 1978). Th f h y h hy f z

    h .22

    5. C A N: U W O23

    I 1979 h f h A J f y h

    A C. I c c h xc h .

    Th cc f h. S f h h h f f

    c, f y h . A h c f J C

    Schc. H c h f:

    22 My c cc K A cc f h h f A jc. A h

    c h h E C f Jc, h c A Accy h

    c h ECJ-y c (A 2008). I h h c , h ACJ

    h h c.

    23 I f y c f h x.

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    Networks, Courts and Regional Integration | 15

    Thenegoaonwas slow.Manymeengs ofexperts coming frommemberstates tweaked the

    originalproposal,andalonglengthydebatesitacquiredthetenetsthatdisnguishtheCourtsfrom

    itsundeniablemodel:theCourtofJusceoftheEuropeanCommunies.(Schc 1985: 13)24

    Ah cc c h h ch Z C (1985), h x h h cy h f h ACJ, h , h y, h h

    h y h cc h h C

    cy f h h cqc f , f

    ch c c.25 H, , Z C h h h

    qc c h z cc f h C. Ay y

    ch c h cy h y h -

    , c q hh h c h c f ch h .26

    A f fc, h y h C c h f h h

    E C f Jc c f: c, -cc c,

    c f y , h c f c cy f A . I h

    , h c c h h f h INTAL-J , h y

    c ch h c h c f . Rh,

    h h 1979 f h f h y 1972:

    c f h h y h J, h c f h

    cf .

    Th x h c h h ch c. I h h

    y y h I f h I f L Ac h C, INTAL ( O Vc1971, 1972).

    24 Lanegociacinfuelenta.Variasreunionesdeexpertosdelospasesmiembrosperfeccionaronlapropuestaori-

    ginal,yenloslargosdebatesadquirilosmacesquedisnguenalTribunaldesuinnegablemodelo:laCortede

    JusciadelasComunidadesEuropeas( f h).

    25 ElprolongadolapsotranscurridoentrelasprimerasiniciavasylasuscripcindelTratado,autorizaapensarque

    tantolostrabajospreliminarescomolasnegociacionesintergubernamentalesfueronampliosyprofundos,yque

    elacuerdonalnofueresultadodelaimprovisacinsino,masbiendeunalargareexin. (Z C 1985:

    127)

    26 Porlovisto,laconcepcinsobrelanaturaleza,competenciasyorganizacindelrganojurisdiccionalpropuesto,

    surgirelavamentepronto.Aparrdelaconclusindelcitadoinformeydelasrespecvasbasesparauntrata-

    dopreparadasporlaJunta,oseadespusde1972,lostrabajosposterioresseredujeronaunanamientodelas

    ideasoriginales,despusdeconfrontarlas,seguramente,conelpensamientodelosgobiernos.Lasdiscrepanciasentreesteyaquellas,aparentemente,nofueronsustanciales,porlocualhabraqueindagarporotroladosobre

    lascausasquedilataronelprocesodenegociacinysuscripcindeTratado.(Z C 1985: 131)

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    6. C Gv C v I P

    6.1 TheCaseoftheChileanParliament

    Th C A y; cy y c , y. Thf, h y f xc c y,

    , h c f y h c (O Vc 1970: 48). Th

    c c jc f h y h f h h C A

    f LAFTA Ty f M, c h fc h h y f

    h cy h f y ( c), hy h cc h

    c hh (V K 1973).

    P h f h C A, h Ch ch

    h c h c. Th A G h

    c ch h f c jc h . Th Cc A

    F (CAF) h c, h hh h

    , h c f . I c

    US $100 M (Sz S 1973: 3). D h c f h , h CAF,

    , fy f h C A. Th ccc

    h c h Ch S. Th y 1969, h f h CAF

    c h Ch P, ccy h S, y

    y. S h c f h y f h CAF, y q

    h h hh y ch h y h c. I

    h h fcy h y c . M, h y

    f h h h h CAF , c

    h c ch. A y h h c

    (O Vc 1970: 59), h A C h h

    c y f h h CAF c f h A

    y (A C 1970; CAF 1970). I f h fc h h

    h cc y h Ch S, h c c

    c. Th S h h c c27 in the statues of

    CAF, hh hch y c y h f CAF h ch h q

    h f h Ch P. I , c y CAF h cy hCh . Ahh hhy y h y f CAF y c c

    , h S h c h G c h c.

    6.2 Colombia and its Supreme Court

    Th C S C h h ch h

    hy c h c f . I 1971, c f

    27 A 23.06.1970. I x c h E Mc, f 27.06.1970, . 15

    (c y O Vc 1970: f. 54).

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    Networks, Courts and Regional Integration | 17

    cy f h S C. Th h h c f h C

    A y h C h cc h , hf h

    xc c h (cf. C G 1969). I h S C

    h h C A y y, f h

    Ty f M. Thf, h h C G h h

    c f c h c (C S C 1971).

    H, h h C f h xc c, h C

    h cc c h h h

    f . Th C x h f h C f

    y c y h , c c. A

    cqc, h c jc h C A . Nh,

    h f h h h y c y A .

    Thf, h C h f A cy jc y

    f C (O Vc 1972: 52).

    If h J h h c h h Ch

    S h C S C, h c f h .

    A c ch cy chc h c f cy y y

    h : h c (JUNAC 1972, Ch V). Th y

    h y ; h h f f INTAL y h

    ch (O Vc 1971: 134). I fcy , h, f h

    h c h h c c . A h c h, h Ch

    S h C S C h A xc f-

    h h c f y f cy . Thf, h c f

    c h c y f A c fy h f cy, h

    xh , h h h fc h . I ,

    h J c fc cy fh hz,

    f , f , ( JUNAC 1976, cy: 22, 73, 76f). Th y h h

    h c h c . I fc, j

    y (F 1979: 99).

    I c h c h h y, h h, h

    J, h INTAL . Acc h c f, h h h f h c f f h C. Th h

    hh h h jc. H, c f f c

    f h E-A h h h fc. Th fc h h c

    y c ch y h , h c f h ECJ, h

    h jc cc ch fh h y h . Th y

    f y z cy .

    A cqc, Ty Eh h A C f Jc 1979, y

    h 1983.28

    28 Th f h y y h ccy x y M,

    h jc - f h Vz C C (M 1995).

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    7. E N: B J

    Sch h cy h c h h j f h A C f Jc

    xcy c f h ECJ h , hy c c f c c

    cy f A , y f c f y .29 A h

    cc h E C f Jc, E c , h E c

    f y .30 Th E cy h h f hc

    chc j c fy h EC.31

    Th y x hy c c-fz. L Ac

    ch h j h c , h h y f

    h c h . Th h y c

    cy h c c

    f h c f cy (f cq f ch , S 2008).

    K A h y: h f f j. Sh

    c, J G Pc M, h h f h C h h c f

    cy c c c (A 2008: 26). Sy, y, A-

    M Sh h c f jc c-fz h c f jc z.

    I h , j ch h c f c xch h

    c h f h (Sh 1998, 2000, 2003).

    Ec hh, h f f h y . Th

    c f h ECJ c A c c c c h h c . Th x cc h h y

    .

    Th c f A j Jy 1984, h c Q

    (G Mqz 1985: 111). A h , h L C Schc, J G

    Az, E H L, h C Scy I G Mqz. Th f y,

    1985, h f f h y INTAL, h f A Z C, h

    h f h , h ch h h A C f

    Jc (BID-INTAL 1985). Th c h h f y c

    f c , c h h h f c f h Ty h

    h C (19 My 1983), h 1987.

    29 By h h A C c, f E c y c, f

    x c 3/62 Commissionv.Luxembourg [1963] ECR 445; c 26/62 VanGeld&Loos [1963] ECR 1; c

    6/64 CostaENEL [1964] ECR 585; c 6/72 ConnentalCan[1973] ECR 215; c 8/74 Dassonville [1974] ECR

    837.

    30 Exc fc E c , f x, c 2-IP-88 c hCostav.ENEL, as well as

    Sh, 2, c 39/70 NorddeutschesVieh-undFleischkontorGmbHvHauptzollamtHamburg-

    St. Annen [1974] ECR 899 4 ( ACJ 2-IP-88).

    31 I c h c A E c h, h c f

    (S 2009).

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    I h cy f h h, INTAL c J Vcch c h c

    f h cc, h z, fc f h , h c

    c h h J h 1970 (Vcch 1985: 3). I h h f

    y, h c h :

    ) A c xcy f y c f A h h c h J

    . Th cy-hc f h c f c c, cy,

    h c f y . (Schc 1985: 8, 13, 24; Az 1985: 33, 41; H

    L 1985: 70; Az 1985: 97; Z C 1985: 139). Th c y c

    h f h h h .

    ) Ky E h, h f h , z h E chy

    c. F h y - A j, hy h y E

    Cy . P Pc, J Vc L, Mc L Mch G

    c f fc h h ECJ jc f c (Az 1985: 42,

    5; Schc 1985: 52; Az 1985: 109; Z C 1985: 148, 56, 59). 32

    F h c, A j c h h

    y h ACJ (.. Az 1986). Th y f f h y h, c

    h ACJ f y h , y c f c.33 Although

    h f c h y h j c h E

    , fy c h h jc y h h h

    J. A c h , h c f, h y.

    Nc h c, Nc P, c h c f ( P 1987).

    I fc, P h C h h , h c

    f cy My 1988 (2-IP-88). A y , h c h c 1-IP-87,

    h h c y h Ec j G Pc M. K A hy , h

    h h h, h h . I , h, h Pc M h

    h c f h f h C.

    Agentleman-lawyerwhowasonceSecretaryoftheMinisterofIndustryandAmbassadortoVenezuela,

    ManllasoughttoemulatetheEuropeanlegalintegraonstrategy.Manllawascommiedto

    Andeanintegraonas anendin itself,h c A h h h f f h A C.(A 2008: 26;

    emphasis added by author)

    Ahh A f h c f J Pc M y f h y

    h h , h c c cy c f , y

    32 T , h fc h E ch h c h , h

    ch f c h h E ; f c H K, J R -

    z Z, H W Ch R. Th y xc J Rch, h Fch

    c y Az (Az 1985: 99).

    33 K A h f hz h A c c h c

    (A 2008: 24).

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    h h h f h ACJ. Th C c h xcy,

    h , c h y c 34 c fc

    EC- h c c h f cy c c,35 as well as the method of

    c h h c f y .36

    I , h h h f h ECJ h A f

    h ch h y hh. I , f h

    c c ch h f h c f jc. H,

    h c h. A h ch h h, h c f f c

    h h c f h c f h c hy c f. Thf, h

    ch cc f f jc jc c-fz.

    8. C

    Th h h cc f h h h f h ch h h -

    x y h f h f f h A Pc h c

    f h ECJ . Th y f c h chh h f.

    Cy cc h cx c h c f

    , h h f h A C f Jc c c c h

    h z f f ccy : h INTAL-J . I c

    h INTAL c cy ccy c. I h ,

    f f h y c cz. Th h fc h h h f

    c h h h , cy y.

    U f c f c c, f h f

    h h chc c, h h .

    Oc cc , hy h c c cc fc

    cc h h h c f y. Th c f h

    c c h y. A h , h

    c cy ; f h INTAL h f- c h ECJ.

    Th c f h f E . F, h h f

    34 Known as considerandos Sh j.

    35 E T Jc C E, c c, h -

    c ch c , q c -

    jc c cf c (A C f Jc 1988).

    36 E c c q z T, h y

    ccc c N Dch Ic y cc q

    y c xc , jc C Jc,

    T c C E cc ch ,q hc c-

    c ccc c, . P - cc c f c fc,

    c y c c [] (A C f Jc 1987).

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    h h f c h c f h z y cc

    ccy c h h ccy f c h h

    f A . I E, -fc h f-

    c ch h h h y h Cy. T

    , f h ch f A h c ch -fc ,

    cy c. Nh, h h chc c

    y h ch f -fc h. Sc, ch

    cy ccfy h ECJ h A . Fc q f h

    c h. Th f cy .

    I h, cy ccy c, h A c

    c. Th hy ccy c c h ch c

    f cy c h h c. Oc h h

    ch, h c y c c cz. M,

    f ccy c h c cc h fc

    f h, . Oc h c , hy c

    h c c h c h h, h h

    h cy . I h A c h INTAL f h

    fc - cy . C h

    h, chc c jc cc cy y.

    Th c h c cy c h ccy y cy cc h cy

    . Th c cc y f h INTAL-J c f hccc f h C h q c f h ECJ c f c c cy.

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