neuroscience - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ics_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NEUROSCIENCE
Barbora Cimrová
![Page 2: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Neuroscience
• is the scientific study of the nervous system (NS)
• structure, organization, function of its parts and its functioningas a whole unit
• traditionally: branch of biology• an interdisciplinary science • collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, medicine and
allied disciplines, linguistics, mathematics, philosophy, physics, psychology, computer science, engineering.
![Page 3: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“Whether judged in molecular, cellular, systemic,behavioral, or cognitive terms, the human nervous system is astupendous piece of biological machinery.
Given its accomplishments — all the artifacts of humanculture, for instance — there is good reason for wanting tounderstand how the brain and the rest of the nervous systemworks.”
Purves et al. (2004) Preface in NEUROSCIENCE: 3rd Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA U.S.A.
![Page 4: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mind-body problem
Phrenology (Gall, 19th century)
![Page 5: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Experimental Approaches to Brain Function• brain damage and its consequence
• experiments on animals
• functional brain imaging techniques
• methods that can reversibly disable particular brain area
![Page 6: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Localization and Lateralization of Language
Paul Broca (1824–1880):
1) a behavior, such as language, is controlled by a specific brain area
2) destroying the area selectively destroys the behavior
Broca’s aphasia – inability to produce speach
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CJWo5TDHLE
![Page 7: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Experimental Approaches to Brain Function
• brain damage and its consequence
• experiments on animals
• functional brain imaging techniques
• methods that can reversibly disable particularbrain area
![Page 8: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
single-cell recording
![Page 9: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Simple cells in primary visual cortex
• Hubel a Wiesel, 1968 • 1981 Nobel prize
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VdFf3egwfg
![Page 10: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Experimental Approaches to Brain Function
• brain damage and its consequence
• experiments on animals
• functional brain imaging techniques
• methods that can reversibly disable particularbrain area
![Page 11: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• structural– CT– MRI
• functional– fMRI– PET – EEG
Brain Imaging Techniques
![Page 12: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CT – computed tomography
• narrow X-ray beam is detected by sensitive detector• CT scanner rotates (from 0 to 180)• Computer then calculate the radiodensity of each point within the slice plane, producing a tomographic image
• fast (< 5 minutes)• not very expensive => available• invasive
![Page 13: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
MRI – magnetic resonance imaging
• high spatial resolution (mm)• noninvasive• expensive• slow• noisy
![Page 14: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LeftRight
Front
![Page 15: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
insideinsides.blogspot.com
![Page 16: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
fMRI – functional magnetic resonance imaging
• variant of MRI allowing to see changes of activity in time
• detects differences in thelevel of oxyhaemogloginvs. deoxyhaemoglogin, (resulting from neuronalactivity)
![Page 17: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mind reading (image reconstruction from fmri)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_yaQTR3KHI
![Page 19: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PET – positron-emission tomography
![Page 20: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Brain images of the distribution volume of [11C]d-threo-methylphenidate (binding to the dopamine transporter)
in a control and a METH abuser.
Nora D. Volkow et al. J. Neurosci. 2001;21:9414-9418©2001 by Society for Neuroscience
![Page 21: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PC
Electroencephalography
![Page 22: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
EEG activity in different states of vigilance
![Page 23: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
EEG recording during the first hour of sleep
Adjusted according to Hobson, 1989
![Page 24: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Sleep cycle
![Page 25: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Spectral analysis
Relative amplitude
Frequency (Hz)
Time (s)0 1
Delta 0,5 – 2 Hz
Theta 4 – 8 Hz
Alpha 8 – 13 Hz
Beta 13 – 30 Hz
Gamma ≥ 30 Hz
![Page 26: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
EEGevoked potentials
![Page 27: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Evoked and event-related potentials
![Page 28: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Experimental Approaches to Brain Function
• brain damage and its consequence
• experiments on animals
• functional brain imaging techniques
• methods that can reversibly excite or disableparticular brain area
![Page 29: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
TMS – transcranial magnetic stimulation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMR_T0mM7Pc
![Page 30: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Time and space resolution
![Page 31: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
http://neurodata.io
![Page 32: NEUROSCIENCE - uniba.skdai.fmph.uniba.sk/.../lectures/ICS_session4_neuroscience.pdf · 2020. 11. 3. · Neuroscience • is the scientific study of the nervous system(NS) • structure,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022071302/60aa647dcf790f015056e662/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Thank you for your attention