new building energy code requirements for bc and...
TRANSCRIPT
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NEW BUILDING ENERGY CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR BC AND VANCOUVER – DEC 2013
UDI, Vancouver, November 26th 2013 Blair McCarry P.Eng FASHRAE Hon AIBC LEED BD&C
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1. The New Building Energy Code(s)
2. ASHRAE vs NECB 11
3. Compliance Paths
4. Summary
New Building Energy Code Requirements
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THE NEW BUILDING ENERGY CODE(S)
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WHAT DOES THE BUILDING ENERGY CODE COVER? Supplement to BCBC 2012 and VBBL
• Minimum energy efficiency standards for buildings • Address efficient design of building systems:
– Building Envelope – Mechanical – Service Water Heating – Lighting – Electrical Power – Energy Performance Path
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• BCBC Current: ASHRAE 90.1-2004
• New Code: as per December 20th 2013, options for compliance
• ASHRAE 90.1-2010, or • NECB 11
• Ventilation Rates: ASHRAE (62.1-2001 excl. addendum N)
NEW BUILDING ENERGY CODE REQUIREMENTS BC Building Code – Part 3 Buildings
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NEW BUILDING ENERGY CODE REQUIREMENTS New Vancouver Building By-Law (VBBL)
• VBBL Current: ASHRAE 90.1-2007
• New VBBL 2014: harmonized with BCBC
• Options for compliance (with conditions)
• ASHRAE 90.1-2010 • NECB 11
• Takes into effect December 20th 2013
• Ventilation Rates: ASHRAE (62.1-2001 excl. addendum N)
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NATIONAL ENERGY CODE EVOLUTION MNECB to NECB 11
Model National Energy Code for Buildings
(MNECB 1997)
• Low adoption rate, only officially by few jurisdictions
National Energy Code for Buildings (NECB 11)
• Significant improvements over MNECB
• Aim to be: energy source neutral, building and construction type neutral, not codify economics
• BC first Province to adopt, others likely to follow
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ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Current BC Energy Code ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Current CoV Energy Code, LEED 2009 base (-10%) ASHRAE 90.1-2010 New BC and CoV Energy Code Option, LEED V4 base (-10%)
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ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Current BC Energy Code ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Current CoV Energy Code ASHRAE 90.1-2010 and NECB 11 New BC and CoV Energy Code Option
MNECB 1997
NECB 11
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LEED AND ENERGY CODES Possible topic of confusion
• Buildings awarded based on energy cost savings over a Baseline code (%) • LEED 2009 Baseline code: MNECB, or ASHRAE 90.1-2007
• New design code: NECB 11 or ASHRAE 90.1-2010
• LEED V4 (Just Released) Baseline Code: ASHRAE 90.1 2010
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LEED AND VENTILATION CODES Possible topic of confusion
• Ventilation: pay attention - LEED 2009 requires ASHRAE 62.1-2007 for prerequisite, new energy codes referencing ASHRAE 62.1-2001
– MURB Issue: LEED requires ventilation supplied directly to rooms • Duct to each bedroom or Fan Coil supplying all rooms • Supply just to corridor or to suite common area not allowed
– Ventilation rates 30-50% lower in ASHRAE 62.1-2007 compared to code
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ASHRAE 90.1 VS NECB 11
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ENVELOPE
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AIR TIGHTNESS Mandatory Provisions
• Both codes mandatory requirements of “continuous air barrier”
• Max air leakage rates for windows and doors
(labeling required) • NECB 11 more stringent on air leakage rate
– Curtainwalls 30% less air leakage in NECB 11 vs ASHRAE – Skylights 80% less air leakage in NECB 11 vs ASHRAE
• VBBL requires for new homes 3.5 ACH at 50Pa • Compare to Passive house standard: 0.6 ACH at
50Pa
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VESTIBULES Mandatory Provisions
• Exception removed in ASHRAE! • Now vestibule required for all buildings >1,000 ft2
(Vancouver climate zone)
• Exception still in NECB 11! (for Vancouver) • Not required for building less than 5 storeys in any area that
has fewer than 3500 heating degree-days (°C)
• A few general exceptions still apply:
• Building entrances with revolving doors, • Doors directly open from a space <3,000 ft2 separate from
building entrance (ASHRAE) • Doors in retail spaces < 2,000 ft2, or dwelling units (NECB
11)
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• ASHRAE: Vancouver Climate Zone 5c (3000 < HDD < 4000)
• NECB 11: Vancouver Climate Zone 4 (HDD < 3000)
• New BCBC clarification: Climate Zone 4 to be used (for both ASHRAE and NECB 11 compliance)
• But in VBBL: Climate Zone 5 to be used for ASHRAE compliance (not NECB11)
ENVELOPE PRESCRIPTIVE PERFORMANCE Climate zone differences– potential point of confusion
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ENVELOPE EXAMPLE
Prescriptive comparison, Vancouver examples
Assembly (non-residential)
Current BC Code: ASHRAE 90.1-2004 (climate zone 5)
New BC Code: ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (climate zone 4)
New VBBL Code: ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (climate zone 5)
New BC & VBBL: NECB 11 (climate zone 4)
Roof (insulation above deck)
R-15.9 R-20.8 R-20.8 R-25
Wall above grade Mass R-8.13 Steel-framed R-11.9
Wood-framed R-11.2
Mass R-9.6 Steel-framed R-15.6
Wood-framed R-11.2
Mass R-11.1 Steel-framed R-15.6
Wood-framed R-15.6
R-18
Wall below grade NR NR R-7.5 ci R-10
Slab on grade (unheated example)
NR NR NR R-7.5 min 4ft around perimeter
Window U-value U-0.46 to U-0.67 Non metal framing U-0.40 Metal framing (curtain wall)
U-0.50 Metal framing
(fixed/operable) U-0.55
Non metal framing U-0.35 Metal framing (curtain wall) U-
0.45 Metal framing (fixed/operable)
U-0.55
U-0.42
Glazing % Max 50% 40% 40% 40% (including doors)
NECB 11 more stringent overall
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% GLAZING ALLOWED New Requirements
• Current BC Code – ASHRAE 90.1 2004 • 50% max • Based on envelope above ground plus envelope for conditioned
space below ground
• Current VBBL ASHRAE 90.1 2007
• 40% max • Based on envelope above ground plus envelope for conditioned
space below ground
• ASHRAE 90.1 2010
• 40% max • Based on envelope above ground plus envelope for conditioned
space below ground
• NECB 11 • 40% max windows and doors in Vancouver, Less in colder
climates • Based on area of envelope above ground
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BALCONIES AND EXPOSED SLAB EDGES New Requirements
• Current BC Code – ASHRAE 90.1 2004 • Envelope elements <5% of area can be ignored
• Current VBBL ASHRAE 90.1 2007 • Balcony and slab edges to be included in overall envelope
insulation value. Other elements <5% of envelope area can be ignored.
• ASHRAE 90.1 2010
• Same as 90.1 2007 but VBBL allows only 1% envelope area can be ignored
• NECB 11
• Envelope elements <2% of area can be ignored
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HVAC
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HVAC PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS Heating impact - NECB 11 vs ASHRAE 90.1-2010
• Heating equipment efficiencies higher for NECB 11 (boilers and furnaces)
– NECB 11 mid efficiency boilers 83-85% vs ASHRAE 80-82%
• NECB 11 has provisions for improved part-load
performance (smaller, multiple staged or modulating boilers)
• NECB 11 less stringent on ventilation heat
recovery, based on sensible heat only, not outdoor air flow %
• NECB 11 has provisions for indoor pool and ice
rink heat recovery
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• Kitchen hoods – maximum flow rates, transfer air, VAV or heat recovery
• Elevators – controls, ventilation, and lighting
• Data Centers – Cooling units, EER’s
• New: VRF and Water-to-water heat pump requirements
• Demand controlled ventilation
HVAC PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS New in ASHRAE 90.1-2010 vs 2004, and not covered in NECB 11
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Will depend on building type and size
• NECB 11 generally higher heating equipment efficiencies
• ASHRAE more stringent on ventilation heavy buildings and heat recovery
• Labs, kitchens, data centers - ASHRAE more stringent requirements on ventilation and equipment
HVAC PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS So which one is more stringent on HVAC side?
BC office average - example
Lighting 20% Space
cooling 4%
Fans + Pumps
11% Plugs 14%
Space heating
50%
Water heating
1%
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LIGHTING & PLUGS
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• Similar new requirements in NECB 11 and ASHARE 90.1-2010
• New requirement for minimum skylight fenestration area to be installed
• Daylight harvesting is required for side-lit and top-lit areas
• Multilevel photocontrol requirements – push for integrated design
DAYLIGHTING AND DESIGN Getting more emphasis in both codes
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• Similar requirements in NECB 11 and ASHARE 90.1-2010
• Reduced Lighting Power Densities
• 10-44% reductions compared to previous BCBC (ASHRAE 90.1-2004)
• Significant shift for NECB 11 for efficiency
• Office MNECB: 1.8 W/ft2 • Office NECB 11: 0.9 W/ft2
LIGHTING POWER DENSITIES Whole Building Lighting Power Example
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ASHRAE generally more stringent overall
• Occupancy control (NECB 11 and ASHRAE)
• Stairwell lighting (ASHRAE 90.1-2010)
• Garage lighting (ASHRAE 90.1-2010)
• Plug load controls (ASHRAE 90.1-2010)
LIGHTING AND PLUG LOAD CONTROLS Large impact on electrical savings
BC office average - example
Lighting 20%
Space cooling
4% Fans + Pumps
11%
Plugs 14%
Space heating
50%
Water heating
1%
Office Plug Loads at Night
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COMPLIANCE PATHS
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• Both have mandatory requirements
• Alternate compliance paths:
1) Meeting prescriptive requirements 2) Tradeoff option
• ASHRAE: envelope ONLY • NECB 11: envelope, lighting, HVAC,
SHW – individually 3) Building modeling for trade-offs
• NECB – energy based (kWh) • ASHRAE - energy cost based ($)
COMPLIANCE OPTIONS Always to be met
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• BCBC: sign off from responsible architect/engineer/designer - one page Design Verification Reports
• VBBL: requires more involved checklists
• To go in with building permit applications, as per December 20th 2013
PERMIT PROCESS Varies between BCBC and VBBL
VBBL Checklist
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SUMMARY
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OPTION OF ENERGY CODE – WHICH ONE TO CHOOSE? NECB 11 performance over ASHRAE 90.1-2010, Vancouver Example
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
0
50
100
150
200
250Energy use intensity (Kwh/m2)
NECB 2011 ASHRAE 90.1 2010 % Difference
ASHRAE generally lower energy But what about energy cost and GHG’s?
Source: NRC and Caneta Research Inc.
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OPTION OF ENERGY CODE – WHICH ONE TO CHOOSE? NECB 11 performance over ASHRAE 90.1-2010, Vancouver Example
• NECB Insulation Levels are generally greater than ASHRAE • Meeting Envelope and Glazing % can be challenging
• % Glazing allowed by NECB is <ASHRAE as doors are
included and % glazing is reduced in colder climates
• Design Professionals more familiar with ASHRAE
• Suggest that ASHRAE will be used far more frequently than NECB
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COMPLIANCE PATHS – ENERGY MODELING Quality of Energy Modeling Product
• Use of Energy Modeling will be significantly increased to offset envelope/glazing % requirements
• Quality of Energy Modeling is often not good across North America
• Seminars and Courses are being developed locally
• Be cautious about inexperienced and economical energy modelers as you may find out about problems late in project development
• CaGBC and BC Hydro have lists of experienced modelers
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THANK YOU Blair McCarry P.Eng. FASHRAE Hon AIBC LEED AP BD+C
Senior Sustainability Consultant, Perkins+Will [email protected]