new college english (book two, second edition) unit 6 food

New College English (Book Two, Second Edition)

Unit 6 Food

Contents

Preparation1

In-class Reading2

Writing3

Homework4

PREPARATION

Preparation

1. Check Your Vocabulary

2. Speaking Activities 3. Three Great Cuisines

Fruit

Vegetable

MeatCereal

Seafood

many foods and drinks can you list in

each category?

1. Check Your Vocabulary

vegetables

onion bell pepper

carrot

mushroom eggplant potato

Chinese leek

Chinese cabbage

balsam pear

cauliflower

lotus rootcabbage pumpkin

asparagus

greens

romaine

snow beans

pineapple

watermelon

grape

apple

pearbanana

orange

How about these?

fig

persimmon

papaw/papaya

mango

Do you know the names of these fruits?

lemon

durian

carambola

kiwi fruit

Of meat,

what do you

know?

pork beef lamb

mutton bacon chicken

duck

turkey

Seafood

crab

lobster

conch meat

shrimp

octopus

rice

Cereal

oat

barley

wheat

maize/corn

noodles

rice cake

macaroni

pan cake

pizza

bread

dumpling/ baozi

Cake and Ice-Cream

coffee juice

mineral water

tea milk Coke

rum

Pepsi

wine

Seven-up

Sprite

beer

whisky

brandy

soda water

lemonade

In-Class Reading

1. Detailed Reading

2. Post-Reading

In-Class Reading

Food and Culture

Detailed Reading

Passage Reading

Understanding Sentences

Word Study

1

We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kin

ds of foods are bad to eat.

2

As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat

are

disgusting or nauseating. 3

When the famous boxer Muhammad Ali visited Africa, for example, one member of his group be

came quite sick when he saw someone

pick up a butterfly and eat it. Many people would find it disgusting to

eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose

people regard rats as appropriate food.

Food and Culture

4Some people in Africa think African termites make a delicious meal. 5

Many other people would probably be sick if they had to eat termites, but one hundred gra

ms of termites contain more than twice as many calories and almost twice as much protein

as one hundred grams of cooked hamburger.

6However, food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. Tomatoes are sixteenth on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.

But dislike is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food. In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands that is used to describe something that is forbidden. 7

Some foods are taboo in certain religions, but there are also other food taboos that are not con

nected to a religion.

We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture. We may not even know why they are taboo. Anthropologists try to discover the hidden reasons for taboos. For example, the sacred cows of India are well known. Cows can go wherever they want to in the streets of India, and they can eat anything they want from the supplies of the foodsellers on the street.

As a result, the cows are a problem. However, no one in India will kill them or eat them. It is taboo to do so. This custom seems strange to other people, but anthropologists believe that there are reasons for it. First, cows are valuable because the farmers need them to help plow their fields. Second, cow manure is used as a fertilizer on the fields. In India, many farmers cannot afford to spend money on fertilizer. Third, the cow manure can be dried and burned to make cooking fires. Therefore, farmers that kill their cows for meat soon find that they cannot plow or fertilize their fields or make a cooking fire.

8

Another example is that Americans do not eat dogs, although people from some other cult

ures regard them as good food.

In the United States, dogs are very important to people as pets. 9

They are usually regarded as part of the family, almost like a child in some cases. In addition, dogs have value as protection against criminals. Thieves will not usually enter a house where there is a dog because the dog will bark and possibly attack a stranger who is trying to get into a house. Apparently, the dog’s place in society as a companion and as protection against criminals makes the dog taboo as food.

The taboo against eating pork occurs in more than one culture. There is some evidence that some ancient Egyptians did not eat pork. The ancient Israelites also regarded pork as taboo. One explanation for the pig-eating taboo is that pork that is not cooked sufficiently may spread a disease called trichinosis. However, most people no longer think that this is a good explanation for the pork taboo. 10

Another explanation is that the Israelites were nomads—they were always moving from pla

ce to place.

11People have to stay in one place to raise pigs. The Israelites did not want to stay in one place because they did not want to change their culture. As a result, they did not eat pigs.

Anthropologists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of life of different people. Some people live in areas where there are both large animals and many insects. It is difficult for these people to kill large animals, and it requires a lot of energy. It is easier for them to use insects for food because it is not difficult to catch insects and it does not require a lot of energy. Nomadic people who move around will not want to keep pigs for food. People will not eat pets such as dogs. Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads.


Translation

Comments

1. We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of foods are bad to eat.

对于什么样的食物好吃，我们都有自己的主见。对于什么样的食物不好吃，我们也有自己的看法。

have ideas about 意思是“知道，了解” , 可以跟从句，如：

Have you any idea about why he did it?

也可以跟 of 引起的短语，如：

Have you any idea of what I’m trying to explain?

Have you any idea of the time?To be continued

Back to the Text

Examples I had no idea that your husband was opposed

to my visits.

I had no idea you were such an actor.

have no idea 不知道，不了解


2. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating.

因此，某种文化背景的人常常会觉得另一种文化背景的人吃的食物难以忍受或者令人作呕。

Translation

Back to the Text

Comments Here “that people from another culture eat” is an

attributive clause.


Translation

Comments

3. When the famous boxer Muhammad Ali visited Africa, for example, one member of his group became quite sick when he saw someone pick up a butterfly and eat it.

比如，在著名的拳击手穆罕默德 · 阿里访问非洲时，团里的一名成员看到有人抓起一只蝴蝶就吃了下去时便恶心得想呕吐。

Muhammad Ali (1942- ) is an American boxer who won the world heavyweight title in 1964, 1974, and 1978. He was known especially for his self-confidence, shown by the sentence “I’m the greatest”, which he often used.

Back to the Text


Translation

Comments

4. Some people in Africa think African termites make a delicious meal.

在非洲，有些人认为非洲白蚁可以做成美餐。

The word “make” in this sentence means “be good enough to be or become…, or have the qualities that are necessary for a particular job, use, or purpose ( 宜用作，具备 ······ 的素质 / 品质 )”.

1) That will make a good ending of the book. 2) It’s a story that would make a great film.

Back to the Text

Examples


Translation

5. Many other people would probably be sick if they had to eat termites, but one hundred grams of termites contain more than twice as many calories and almost twice as much protein as one hundred grams of cooked hamburger.

对于许多其他人来说，如果非吃（白蚁）不可的话，他们很可能会呕吐。但是，如果拿 100 克的白蚁和 100 克制作好的汉堡包相比，前者所含的热量是后者的两倍多，其所含的蛋白质也几乎是后者的两倍。


To be continued

Comments

此句中的 twice as many… 和 twice as much… 的意思

是“是 ······ 的两倍”。用 many 还是用 much 要看后

面所跟的名词是可数的还是不可数的。 calorie 是可数名词，所以用 many 。 protein 是不可数名词，用much 。

Back to the Text


Translation

6. However, food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition.

不过，对食物的好恶似乎不一定与营养有关。

Comments related: 有关联的，有关系的

All things were related to all other things.

How is this fact related to that one?

Cf. relevant adj. 相关的e. g. The film was relevant to what was being discussed

in class. I don’t think his remarks are relevant.

Examples


To be continued

relative n. 亲戚e.g. He had no relatives in California. They’re near relatives of mine.

adj. 1) 相对的e.g. Nothing’s fixed in this world; everything is relative. Happiness is a relative conception. 2) 相关的，两相比较的e.g. He weighed the relative advantages of buying a house

and renting an apartment. 3) 比较说来的e.g. He is living in relative poverty. They are living in relative comfort.

Back to the Text


Translation

Comments

7. Some foods are taboo in certain religions, but there are also other food taboos that are not connected to a religion.

有些食物在某些宗教中被列为禁忌，但也有一些饮食禁忌与宗教无关。

Back to the Text

be connected to/with: 和 ······ 有关，和 ······ 有联系

Examples He was also connected with the government.

The visit of the police was not connected with the

lost child.


Translation

8. Another example is that Americans do not eat dogs, although people from some other cultures regard them as good food.

再比如，美国人不吃狗肉，尽管其他一些文化背景的人视狗肉为佳肴。

Back to the Text

Comments Here “that Americans do not eat dogs… as good

food” is predictive clause. “That” cannot be omitted.


Comments

9. They are usually regarded as part of the family, almost like a child in some cases.

Translation它们通常被视为家庭的一部分，有些人甚至还把狗当成自己的孩子。

Back to the Text

in some cases: 在某些情况下 in case

(1) 以防 Take your coat in case it rains / in case it should rain.

(2) 如果，万一 In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him

to wait.


Translation

Comments

10. Another explanation is that the Israelites were nomads—they were always moving from place to place.

另一种解释是以色列人原属游牧民族——他们总是居无定所。

Nomadic people who move around will not want to

keep pigs for food.

move from place to place 和 move around 意思相同。 around 在此处是副词，表示 here and there 或 in

many directions 。Back to the Text


Translation

Comments

11. People have to stay in one place to raise pigs.

要养猪，人们就得在某地定居下来。

raise: 养大，培养，饲养，种植

Back to the Text

Examples They raised a family in that village.

That’s the way he was raised.

The farmer raised chickens and corn.


extremely unpleasant and making someone feel sick

令人作呕的，令人恶心的His conduct was disgusting.

What a disgusting smell!

disgust v. 使憎恶，使感到厌恶

His crudeness disgusted us.

I am disgusted with the weather.

disgusting adj.

Word Study

To be continued

disgust n. 厌恶，憎恶

The bad odors of the food filled him with disgust.

Jane showed her disgust at Jim’s dreadful behavior by

walking out of the room.

Back to the Text

Word Study

pick up

1) 拾起，拿起

Please pick up all these pieces of paper.I picked up the telephone and asked for the number of the estate office.

2) 无意地买到，顺便去买

Where did you pick up that lovely old vase?Could you pick up some bottled beer at the pub as you go past?

Word Study

To be continued

3) 得到，染上

How did you pick up that cold?

He has picked up some bad habits at that club.

4) 学会，学到

He picked up French while he was staying in Paris.

They have picked up a lot of information about this area.

5) 取（某物），接（某人）上车

Did you pick the washing up from the laundry?

I’ll pick you up on the corner at three; don’t be late!

Word Study

To be continued

6) 整理，收拾

Pick up your room before Mother sees it.

This room must be picked up before the guests arrive.

7) 继续（讲故事，谈话，友谊等）

We can now pick up where we left off.

The class picked up the story where they had left it

before the holiday.

Word Study

To be continued

8) 救起，逮捕，抓到

Survivors of the air disaster

were picked up by small

boats.

The police picked the man

up for burglary.

Back to the Text

Word Study

appropriate v.

1) take something for one’s own use 挪用，擅用

The minister was found to have appropriated a

great deal of government money.

You should not appropriate other people’s

belongings without their permission.

2) set aside money for a particular purpose 拨出（款项）供专用

The city will appropriate money for two new schools.

Word Study

To be continued

appropriate adj.

correct or suitable for a particular time, situation, or

purpose 适当的，恰当的

Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.

A long dress is appropriate for a formal wedding.

Word Study

Back to the Text

full of the natural substances that your body needs to

stay healthy or to grow properly 有营养的

Herrings (鲱鱼 ) are very nutritious.

The diet is nutritious but low in calories.

nutritious adj.

Word Study

To be continued

Back to the Text

nutrition n.

(formal) the process of supplying and receiving

nourishment; the science of food values （正式用语）营养（作用）；营养学

the care and nutrition of children

Word Study

taboo

adj. not allowed, not acceptable socially 禁忌的

In our club, bad language is taboo.

Eating pork is strictly taboo among Orthodox Jews.

Word Study

To be continued

taboo n. a custom that says you must avoid a

particular activity or subject, either because it is considered offensive or because your religion does not allow it 禁忌，忌讳

Among Hindus there is taboo against killing cows.

This tribe has many taboos about the kinds of food

women may eat.

Back to the Text

Word Study

forbid v. (forbade, forbidden)

(forbade, forbidden) order someone not to do something

禁止

Their father forbade them to go.

Sophie had been strictly forbidden to drink tea.

The government decided to forbid the meeting.

I forbid you the use of my tape recorder.

Back to the Text

Word Study

a person who specializes in the study of people,

their societies, cultures, etc. 人类学家

anthropologist n.

anthropology n. 人类学

philosophy n. 哲学 philosopher n. 哲学家

sociology n. 社会学 sociologist n.社会学家biology n. 生物学 biologist n. 生物学家

Back to the Text

Word Study

sacred adj.

1) holy and deserving respect 神圣的，受崇敬的

He considered it a sacred duty to fulfill his dead father’s wishes.

Nothing is sacred to these wild youths. They respect nothing.

2) connected with religion 宗教（性）的，神的

The Koran is the sacred book of the Muslims.

Ethelred asked to be buried in sacred ground.Back to the Text

Word Study

add manure or chemical substances to soil to make

crops grow well 给 ······施肥Rice growers fertilize their fields by flooding them with water.A farmer can fertilize his field with manure.

fertilizer n. 肥料

Bone meal and nitrates are common fertilizers.

Back to the Text

fertilize v.Word Study

criminal

n. someone who breaks a law 罪犯，犯人

The criminal was sent to prison for ten years.

adj. connected with crime or with the punishment of crime 犯罪的，刑事的

A criminal lawyer is a specialist in criminal law.

Criminal parents could corrupt any child.

criminal code 刑法

criminal court 刑事法庭 Back to the Text

Word Study

v. make the short, loud sound that dogs and some

other animals make 吠，叫

What are the dogs barking at?

The dog always barks at the postman.

n.

1) the sound that is made by a dog 吠声

The bark of a dog sounded in the night.

He always speaks in an angry bark.

bark Word Study

To be continued

2) the outer surface of a tree 树皮

A message was cut into the bark of the tree.

The inner bark of the tree was used to cure

frostbite (冻伤 ).

Back to the Text

Word Study

enough or adequately 足够的

Now I can make myself understood sufficiently in your language.

I promised to meet him there in a month, providing I was sufficiently recovered to do so.

sufficiently adv.

Word Study

Back to the Text

Post-Reading

Completing the Passage

Matching

Filling in Blanks

Translation

Directions: Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary.

1. Filling in Blanks1. Filling in Blanks

evidence forbid relate appropriate require sufficiently common spread supply raise

1) Flies are very _________ in warm weather.

2) Her remarks were considerate and very

____________ to the situation.

3) In some cultures, a man is ___________ to speak

to his mother-in-law. He must not look at her either.

common

appropriate

forbidden

4) When people go mountain climbing, they must carry

all their __________ with them.

5) Small cars use less gas than large cars. The amount

of gas that a car uses is __________ to its size.

6) In China, we saw _________ everywhere that a real

effort was being made to promote tourism.

7) You can’t drive a car without a driver’s license. The

law __________ you to have a driver’s license.

supplies

related

evidence

requires


8) Some people move to the suburbs because they

do not want to _________ children in the city.

9) I put too much water in my plant. The water

dripped down the side of the pot and ___________

over the table.

10) My plant died because I didn’t water it

____________.

raise

spread

sufficiently


Directions: Read the passage carefully and fill in each of

the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change

the form if necessary.

2. Complete the Passage2. Complete the Passage

reasonable altogether consume disgusting relatively popular consider nearly harvest would reject serve habit animal other avoid enjoy offer grow insect

Food habits around the world—what people will and

will not eat, how they prepare and eat their food—vary

enormously. Other people’s food habits often seem

quite strange and sometimes even 1)__________. The

eating of insects is an example of a 2)__________

about which people feel strongly.

disgusting

habit


Those who do eat ants and other 3)___________ find it

odd that some groups of people should find it so

unpleasant. Other people’s customs always seem less

4)_____________ than one’s own.reasonable

insects


Despite the wide variety of habits in the world, a

5)_________ small number of basic plants and

6)_________ supply most of the world’s food. The

three most important food plants are rice, wheat and

maize.

relatively

animals


Over one half of the 7)___________ land of the world is

used to 8)__________ these three grains. Rice is the

staple food ( 主食 ) for 9)____________ half of the world’s

population. Sorghum (高梁 ), plantains ( 大蕉 ), sweet

potatoes (红薯 ), and cassava (木薯 ) are 10)_________

common “filling” food.

harvested

grow

nearly

other


Meat is a favorite part of the most people, but there

are certainly people who refuse meat 11)____________

and those who refuse meat of specific animals. Pork is

widely 12)___________ in Europe, America and other

industrialized countries but is strongly 13)___________

in Islamic parts of the world—mainly the Middle East and

certain parts of Africa.

altogether

consumed

avoided



Religious Jews also do not eat port. Beef, 14)__________

in Western countries, is not eaten by Hindus in India.

popular

Horsemeat 15)____________ excellent protein and is

eaten widely in Central Asia, France, and some other

places—but not, for example, in Britain.

offers

A favorite wedding dish of Siberia was reported as

being boiled horse’s head 16)______________ with

horseflesh sausages. Most Britons and Americans

17)_____________ be horrified at the thought.

served

would


Dogflesh is also 18)___________ in many parts of

the world—and strictly not to be eaten in other places.

Dog is eaten in Kalimantan (加里曼丹 ), Papua New

Guinea, some Pacific Islands, and much of central West

Africa. Some Chinese have 19)___________ dogflesh a

delicacy since ancient times. Most Westerners

20)___________ the idea.

enjoyed

considered

reject


Directions: Match the

names of cooking utensils in

Column A with the functions in

Column B. Refer to a

dictionary if necessary.

3. Matching3. Matching

1. stove

2. pot

3. kettle

4. toaster

5. cutting board

6. microwave oven

7. draining board

8. can opener

9. blender

10. skillet

1. stove

2. pot

3. kettle

4. toaster

5. cutting board

6. microwave oven

7. draining board

8. can opener

9. blender

10. skillet

a. frying foodb. containing foodc. heating waterd. making solid foods into soups or juicese. using microwaves to cook foodf. cutting or chopping foodg. cooking or heating food by burning coal, gas or electricityh. making bread brown by

heating i. opening tins and cansj. holding wet dishes after they

are washed

1. g

8. i

6. e

2. b

4. h

5. f

3. c

7. j

9. d

10. a

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.

1) 我们认为他是本场比赛表现最出色的球员之一。 (regard…as)

2) 那位科学家捡起那些小石块，并小心翼翼地把它们放进一个盒子里。 (pick up)

We regard him as one of the best players in the game.

The scientist picked up those little pieces of rock and carefully put them into a box.

4. Translation4. Translation

3) 中国的人口几乎是美国人口的五倍。 (… times as… as)

The population of China is almost five times as large as that of the United States.4) 对那个小男孩来说草为什么是绿的曾经是个谜。 (the

reason why)

The reason why grass is green was once a mystery to the little boy.

5) 她站在窗口，显然非常冷静和放松。 (apparently)

She was standing by the window, apparently quite calm and relaxed.

6) 由于最近销售量的下降，赢利也出现了滑坡。 (as a result of)Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.

7) 她戴上墨镜以便保护自己不受强烈光线的照射。 (as a protection against)She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light.

8) 经过那件事后人们再也不能相信他了。 (no longer)He could no longer be trusted after that incident.

WRITING

四级作文是怎样炼成的

How to Prepare for CET 4 WritingHow to Prepare for CET 4 Writing

Basic Requirements

Vocabulary

Expressions

Grammar

Sentence Structures

Perseverance to Practice

Writing Process

Brainstorming

Outline

Writing

Revise

BrainstormingBrainstorming

Getting Ideas Before You WriteGetting Ideas Before You Write

IntroductionIntroduction

Getting Started

“Writer’s block” is a common problem to

many students. This is when ideas for writing

do not come very easily. It is easy to get very

frustrated when beginning to write.

Brainstorming activities can help you get

ideas for your composition and help you

become less frustrated.

Clustering

BrainstormingBrainstorming

BrainstormingBrainstorming Clustering

1. Start with the main topic of your essay. Write

that word in the center of your paper.

2. Write down any sub-topics that are connected to that main topic. Draw arrows to the sub-topics from the main topic.

DirectionsDirections

In recent years, our government has never

stopped from calling on schools and teachers to

lighten children’s load of study, but children’s

schoolbags are getting heavier. What do you

think are the reasons? Write a three-paragraph

composition of about 120 words to explain that.

BrainstormingBrainstormingClustering

schools

parents

teachers

students

heavier schoolbags

for children

books

society


skills knowledge

competition

society

survival


homework teachers

marks

schools

success


buy booksexercise

parents

better life

Writing an Outline

Take Time Now to Save Time Later!

What is an outline?

An outline is a part of the writing process called “Pre-Writing.”

It is a list that outlines all of the information that you would like to include in your composition.

The list helps you to put all of your information in order before you begin writing.

It is the best way to get your mind It is the best way to get your mind CLEARwhen writing any major paper!when writing any major paper!

Why Write An Outline?

It will help you organize all of the ideas It will help you organize all of the ideas running around your brain!running around your brain!

How?

An Outline Organizes Your Information Into 3 major parts in Preparation For Your Composition:

Your Introduction

Your Body Paragraph(s)

Your Conclusion

What about the Introduction Section?

The Introduction Section states the point or view of your composition

For example

Schools are always trying to release children’s study burden; however, children’s schoolbags are getting heavier.

What about the Body Section?

point

3-5 Supporting Details

Transition relating it back to your points

The Body Section Outlines The Following Information On Your Major Points:

What about the Body section?

The Body Section Outlines The Supporting Details or Examples On Your Major Point:

For example:

Topic Sentence: In my opinion, there are three reasons for it.

1. The competition in our society is more and more fierce.

2. The school teachers want their students to have high marks to prove they are good teachers.

3. The parents want their children to lead a better life in the future.

And the conclusion section…

Restate your point

Add any final thoughts

Reestablishes your points

Your Conclusion Section Does The Following:NOTE: You do not have to rewrite the thesis or major points in your outline if you do not choose to, but they should be in your essay’s conclusion!

And the conclusion section…

Example

The society, the schools, teachers and parents should gradually change their minds.

Transition

Use some transitional words to make your writing smooth, coherent and natural:

However

To begin with

Besides

Last but not least

As a result

Put every part together and add something more into your outline to make a complete composition.

Why Are Children’s Schoolbags Getting Heavier?

Today, when you are walking on the street,

you will easily find children carrying big

schoolbags. Schools are always trying to release

children’s study burden; however, children’s

schoolbags are getting heavier. Surveys show that

some children’s schoolbags weigh even more than

10 kilograms.

In my opinion, there are three reasons for it. To

begin with, the competition in our society is more and

more fierce. Children have to learn more skills and

knowledge for future survival. Besides, the school

teachers want their students to have high marks to

prove they are good teachers. Last but not least, most

Chinese families are one-child families. The parents

want their children to lead a better life, so they ask

their child to work hard for a good future.

Though it may not be easy, I think, the

society, the schools, teachers and parents should

gradually change their minds, and give back the

children a happy childhood.

Revise

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HOMEWORK

Homework

Collect the English translations of Chinese

cuisines as many as possible, and share them

in the class next time.