EGYPT’S

DEVELOPMENT

PLANNING

THE PROCESS OF

NEW GOURNA,

HOUSING FOR THE POOR

EGYPT in GENERAL

http://www.123independenceday.com/egypt/places.html

http://www.indexmundi.com/egypt/demographics_profile.html

Located in North Africa

The third largest country in the Middle East after Turkey and Iran in terms of

demography.

POPULATION

83.082.869 (July 2009)

AGE STRUCTURE

0-14 years: 31.4% (male 13.345.500/female 12.743.878)

15-64 years: 63.8% (male 26.823.127/female 26.169.421)

65 years and over: 4.8% (male 1.701.068/female 2.299.875) (2009)

Population growth rate

1.642% (2009)

Birth rate

21.7 births/1,000 population (2009)

Death rate

5.08 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009)

Religions

Moslem (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, other Christian 1%

Most of the population is concentrated along the Nile River, especially along the

Alexandria and Cairo, the Nile Delta and near the Suez Canal.

Ethnics : Egyptians 76.4 million (97-98 %)

Bedouin Arab, Nubian, Beja, Roma Clans, Fayyum

Area

Total area covered: 1,001,450 sq km

Land: 995,450 sq km

Water: 6,000 sq km

Egypt divided into 4 main parts, The Nile Valley, The Arabian Desert, The Libyan

Desert , and The Sinai . 95 % is covered with desert, mainly the Sahara Desert

covering two thirds of Egypt.

4.2% of GDP (2006)

Planning in Egypt remained essentially a blueprint for

investment, and the balance between supply and

demand was adjusted through quasi-market

mechanisms and fiscal and monetary policies. (a)

COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CDP)

National Plan : 5 year action plan

20 year strategic plan

(b) Journal Dr. Ahmad Gaber, Faculty of EngineeringCairo University President, Chemonics Egypt

(a) http://www.mongabay.com/history/egypt/egypt-

development_planning.html

Urban developmentSocial developmentEconomic developmentAdministrative developmentResource conservation and environmental management

National general budgetPrivate sectorGrantsSelf generated funds

DOMAINS RESOURCES

• multi-dimensional transformation of local communities

• Integrated involvement of local community sectors (urban, social,

economic and environmental)

• Structural transformation

GOALS

COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT

1. Urban Infrastructure (Urban Development)

Completion of infrastructure

Low-income housing

Restructuring utilities

2. Social Services(Social

Development)

Education

Health and Housing

Training and Rehabilitation

Women, Children and Youth

3.Investment for poverty

alleviation (Economic Development)

Promote investment

Youth recruitment and small projects

Marketing development

Recruitment with government funding

4.Develop local community

administration (Administrative

Development)

Support decentralization

Improve local community

administration

Encourage public participation

5.Resource conservation and

environmental management.(Environmental Development)

Journal Dr. Ahmad Gaber, Faculty of EngineeringCairo University President, Chemonics Egypt

Project Name: New Gourna Village, Egypt (1945-1948)

Project Type: Housing Development, New Town Planning

Usage: Residential, Urban Design and Development

CONTEXT

The site of New Gourna is

located on the western bank of

the Nile at the level of Luxor with

which it makes up Ancient Site

EMPHASIZING of PLANNING

Housing ; Social Development

ISSUES

• Inhabitans located on

Pharaonic Sites

• Some part has demolished

Architecture For The Poor, 1973

FUNDING

Egypt Government through

Department of Antiquities and

Director of Excavations

STRATEGIES

• Relocation

• Reconstruction

LIVING CONDITION

(Old Gourna)

The idea for the village was

launched as a potentially

cost-effective solution to the

problem of relocating an

entire entrenched community.

This heritage has already

been severely damaged to

somewhat general

indifference. Every measure

should now be rapidly carried

out to preserve what is left,

restore what is left, restore

what has been altered and

reconstruct what has

disappeared to bring it to its

original form and signification.

SOCIALIZATION

FEASIBILITY STUDIES

AIMS

TO UNDERSTAND THE ATTITUDE

TOWARDS EARTH CONSTRUCTION

METHODS

WALKING THROUGH THE VILLAGE

SELECTION ON LOCAL’S DIFFERENT OPINIONS

OF EARTH CONSTRUCTION

SITE VISITING ON BOTH DAMAGED AND

PRESERVED BUILDING

POTENTIAL ANALYSIS

THE INHABITANTS ARE PRIMARILY CHOOSING

TO REBUILD IN BRICKS OR BLOCKS

PRESERVED BUILDINGS ACHIEVE

COMFORTABLE CONDITIONS

THE VILLAGE HAS BEEN ALLOWED TO

DETERIORATE LEAVING FEW ORIGINAL

BUILDINGS

THE SUCCESSFUL RELOCATION OF A SETTLED

COMMUNITY REQUIRES THE FULL

CCOPERATION OF THE PEOPLE

RE-EDUCATION OF THE INHABITANTS IN THE

BENEFITS OF EARTH CONSTRUCTION IS

REQUIRED

A STABLE FOUNDATION WOULD PREVENT

WATER COMPROMISING THE STRUCTURAL

INTEGRITY OF THE BUILDING

DESPITE THE PROBLEMS THE VILLAGE COULD

STILL FUNCTION SUCCESSFULLY WITH

SENSITIVE INTERVENTION

RDSE Egypt New Gourna Study

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

This pilot-village relocated on other side of Gourna

(far away from the Pharaonic Sites)

Provide a settlement (housing) for 20,000 inhabitants

BLOCK PLAN

Source: archnet.org

UNIT PLAN

UNIT PLAN

Played in the formation of contemporary conceptions

about local tradition and cultural identity, and about

modernism, urbanism, technology or ecology.

SECTION ELEVATION

SECTION

Source: archnet.org

POST-PROJECT EVALUATION

More than twenty years after work on New

Gourna had ground to a halt, the architect was

drawn back to the site again by a project for a

touristic village

CONSIDERING

unrealized potential of New Gourna's close

proximity to the ferry landings on the bank of the

Nile and the main highway that sustains endless

busloads of tourists travelling back and forth

from these landings to the Valleys of the Kings and Queens.

Source:

archnet.org

Steele, James. 1989. The Hassan Fathy Collection. A Catalogue of Visual Documents at the Aga

Khan Award for Architecture. Bern, Switzerland: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 18.

only part of the plan was realized between 1946

and 1949, due to political and financial

complications and opposition on the part of the

residents to relocation.

nearly 40 percent of the village has been lost

due to lack of maintenance and demolitions. The

boys’ school has been razed; the theater, the

Khan, and the market, as well as numerous

homes are on the verge of collapse. Increased

urban and the tourism pressures are

compounding the situation.

PHASE II

CONCLUSION

New Gourna not only situate the model village within the socio-political circumstances of its locale, but

also how to contemplate the role of this model community within broader discourses on nationalism,

decolonization, modernization, modernism/anti-modernism and environmentalism. Through an

interdisciplinary outlook that integrates historical and theoretical perspectives on modern architecture with critical perspectives on the cultural politics of modernization, representation and post-coloniality,

1. Collective action is needed to ensure the preservation of this complex legacy of

modern town planning and vernacular heritage

2. This project assess the effectiveness of nationally formulated development

programs in promoting social, agro-industry and infrastructural development

3. Identify the critical planning factors involved in promoting or retarding

development

REFERENCE

1. Steele, James. 1989. The Hassan Fathy Collection. A Catalogue of Visual Documents at the

Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Bern, Switzerland: The Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 16-18.

2. Fathy, Hassan. Architecture For The Poor, 1973

3. RDSE, Egypt New Gourna Study

4. Gaber, Ahmad, DR, Preparation of Egypt Local Development Master plan: General Framework

for Comprehensive Development Planning