new horizons in pharmaceutical & biomedical sciences

7/27/2019 New Horizons in Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences

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SOUVENIR

OF

1stINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEON

NEW HORIZONS IN PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES(NHPBMS-2013)

Jointly Organized by:

SHEETAL LIFE SCIENCES (P) LTD., DEHRADUN

AND

SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND BIOTECH.


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A BRIEF ABOUT ORGANIZING COMMITTEES

Patron in Chief

Sh. Durga Prasad Verma, Chairman, SGI, Dehradun (U.K)

Patron

Sh. Dheerendra Kumar, Chairman, Society of Environment, Health & Biotech.

Convener

Dr. Kuldeep Arya, Managing Director, SLS, Dehradun (U.K)

Chairman of Scientific Conmmitee & Organizing Secretary

Dr. Abhishek Mathur, Research Scientist (R&D), SLS, Dehradun (U.K)

Joint Organizing Secretaries

Mr. Vinay Gupta, Lab Analyst, FICCI Research Laboratory, New Delhi

Ms. Sonali Rani, General Manager, SLS, Dehradun (U.K)

Ms. Sneha Kelkar, Microbiologist, SLS, Dehradun (U.K)

Mr. Pradeep Tiwari, Research Associate, SLS, Dehradun (U.K)

Registration Committee

Ms. Yogita Bassoya

Ms. Jyoti Juyal

Mr. Vinay Gupta

Editorial Committee

Mrs. Monika Sabharwal, Managing Editor, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

and Research (IJPSR)

Dr. Abhishek Mathur, Research Scientist, SLS, Dehradun (U.K)

Transport Committee

Mr. Rahul, Admin., SGI, Dehradun (U.K)

Mr. Dinesh Kumar, Asst. Professor, Uttaranchal Dental College, Dehradun (U.K)


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Accomodation Committee

Mr. Rahul, Admin. Manager, SGI, Dehradun (U.K)

Mr. Junaid Alam

Mr. Pradeep Tiwari

Ms. Jyoti Juyal

Ms. Sneha Kelkar

Ms. Sonali Rani

Food Committee

Mr. Vinay Gupta

Mr. Pradeep Babu

Mr. Yateesh Gupta

Reception Committee

Ms. Yogita Bassoya

Ms. Ruchi Bassoya

Inaugration and Cultural Program Committee

Mrs. Neelam Bamola

Ms. Yogita Bassoya

Ms. Manisha Rani

Ms. Preeti Singh

Anchoring/Stage Committee

Ms. Manisha Rawat

Ms. Momita Panda

Discipline Committee

Mr. Keshav Bassoya

Mr. Priyesh Ankit Tirkey


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Technical Session/Oral/Poster Presentation Committee

Dr. Firoz Anwar, Dean, Dept. of Pharmacy, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun

Dr. Abhishek Mathur, Research Scientist, SLS, Dehradun (U.K)

Mr. Junaid Alam

Ms. Sneha Kelkar

Ms. Sonali Rani


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INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD

Prof. G.B.K.S. Prasad, Coordinator and Head, Dept. of Biochemistry,

Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P), India

Prof. Neelam Mishra, Head, Dept. of Chemical Sciences

(Biochemistry), Crescent University, Nigeria.

Prof. Meenu Rai, Principal, College of Life Sciences, CHRI, Gwalior

(M.P), India.

Dr. Jonas Contiero, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sauo

Paulo University, Brazil.

Dr. Kunjupillai Vijayan, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology,

Academia Sinica, Taiwan

Dr. S.A. Salgare, Director, Salgare Research Foundation Pvt. Ltd.,

Maharashtra, India.

Dr. J.K. Saxena, Head, Dept. of Biochemistry, CDRI, Lucknow (U.P),

India.


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KEY NOTE LECTURE


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IJPSR, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, JANUARY 12-13, 2013 ISSN: 0975-8232

(Conference Proceedings are also available online at www.ijpsr.com)

Antiprotozoal and anti-malarial activities of traditional medicinal plants from the

Garhwal region of UttarakhandState, India

Virendra K. Dua*

*Scientist-G (Director Grade) & Officer Incharge, National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit,

Hardwar-249403, India

Email:[email protected]

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against protozoan parasites, we havecarried out an ethnophamocological study to evaluate extracts from selected 18 traditional medicinal

plants which were used by healers from the Garhwal region of North West Himalaya for the treatment

of protozoal infections and fever including malaria. In vitro antiprotozoal activity of 72 extracts

obtained from different plant parts of eighteen plants using solvent partitioning were evaluated against

erythrocytic stages ofPlasmodium falciparum, trypomastigotes of Trypanosomabruceirhodesiense,

intracellular amastigotes ofTrypanosomacruziand amastigotes ofLeishmaniadonovani. Cytotoxicity

was assessed using rat skeletal myoblasts (L-6 cells). The 4-day test for anti-malarial activity against a

chloroquine sensitivePlasmodiumberghei NK65 strain in Swiss albino mice was used for monitoring

in vivo activity of plant extracts. Extracts of Andrographispaniculata, Artemisia roxburghiana,

Royleacinerea,Leucascephalotes,Nepetahindostana and Viola canescens showed good antiplasmodial

activity (IC50 < 5g/ml). The extract HA-2 showed in vitro anti-plasmodial activity with its IC50 value5.5 g/ml using pLDH assay and ED50 value 18.29 mg/kg in P. berghei infected Swiss albino mice.

Similarly petroleum ether extract of V. canescense (VC-1) showed in vitro anti-plasmodial activity

with its IC50 value 2.76 g/ml using pLDH assay and ED50 15.8 mg/kg in P. berghei infected mice.

The extracts coded as HA-2 at 30 mg/kg and VC-1 at 20 mg/kg exhibited parasite inhibition in mice:

73.2% and 63.0% respectively. Of these two plants, petroleum ether extract of V. canescense was

found slightly cytotoxic.In vitro study revealed that compound 1,2-dihydroxy-6,8 dimethoxy-xanthone

possessed substantial anti-plasmodial activity against P. falciparum with its IC50 value of 4 g ml-1.

In vivo antimalarial sensitivity test of this compound on Swiss Albino mice with P. berghei infection

using Peters 4 day test gave substantial reduction (62%) in parasitameia after treating the mice with30 mg/kg-1 dose. In vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian cells revealed that 1,2-dihydroxy-6,8

dimethoxy-xanthone is non-cytotoxic with its IC50> 32 g ml-1.These results support investigation of

components of traditional medicines as potential new antiprotozoal agents. On the other hand since

herbalism has become the main stream throughout the world, investigation demonstrates that these

non-polar plant extracts of six of the plants examined in this study could play an important role in

herbal formulations for the treatment of vector borne protozoal diseases.


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INVITED LECTURES


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Diversity of Fungi as Human Pathogen

P.N. Chowdhry*, Suman Gupta and Nidhi Anand

*Director, National Center of Fungal Taxonomy,

E.G 49, III floor, Inderpuri, Behind IARI, New Delhi-110 012, India

Email:[email protected]

Fungilive everywhere - in the air, in water, on land, in soil, and in and on plants and animals.Some fungi are microscopic as well as macroscopic. Microscopic infected people, animals & plants.

Human pathogenic fungi cause invasive diseases, pose a serious and growing health problem and are a

major cause of death worldwide. They thrive in moist, warm areas, such as locker rooms, tanning beds,

swimming pools and in skin folds. It can be spread by sharing sport goods, towels and clothing. However,

superficial mycosis is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries including India, where heat and

moisture play an important role in promoting of anthropophilic dermatophytes and tends to get worse

during summer, with symptoms alleviating during the winter. Such infections are restricted to human and

produce a mild, chronic inflammation and are popularly known as ringworm or tinea. Toe-nail or finger-

nail infections are known as Onychomycosis. Animals such as dogs and cats can also be affected by

ringworm and the disease can be transmitted between animals and humans (Zoonotic disease).

Dermatophytes usually do not invade living tissues but colonize the outer layer of the skin. Occasionally

the organisms do invade subcutaneous tissues resulting in kerion development of ringworm symptoms.

Ringworm should not to be confused with Roundworm, Pinworm or Hookworm. These symptoms a

number of different species of Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermatophyton are proved most

common causative agents. Such fungi attack various parts of the body and lead to Dermatophytosis as

Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) effects on the feet; Tinea unguium on the fingernails and toenails; Tinea

corporis a the arms, legs and trunk, Tinea cruris (jock itch) groin area; Tinea manuum hands and palm

area,Tinea capitis the scalp, Tinea barbae affects facial hair; Tinea faciei (face fungus) the face. The

other superficial mycoses (not classic ringworm or dermatophytes) are Tinea versicolor caused byMalassezia furfur; Tinea nigra caused by Hortaea werneckii. The frequency of fungal infection on

human body is recorded worldwide to the extent of 76%. Out of which the involvement of Trichophyton

rubrum is 27%, Trichophyton mentagrophytes 7%, Trichophyton verrucosum and T. tonsurans 3%.

While, infrequently (less than 1%) recorded species are Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum

audouinii, M. canis, M. equinum, M. nanum, M. versicolor, Trichophyton equinum, T. kanei, T.

raubitschekii and T. violaceum. They are common in most adult people, with up to 20 percent of the

population having one of these infections at any given moment.


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Green Chemistry: A New Philosophy to pursue Research in the Field of Chemical,

Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

S.K. Sharma*

*Professor, Department of Chemistry | JECRC University, Jaipur, India

Series Editor, Green Chemistry for Sustainability | Springer, UK

E-mail: [email protected]

Population explosion and continuous over exploitation of natural resources is the biggest threat to thesustainability of Environment. Researchers doing research in Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical

sciences worldwide are working hard to address this challenge with their findings and the solution is

Green Chemistry (GC). GC is more than two decades old philosophy; which is now in the front line of

Chemistry related research and publications worldwide. Inventors of 12 principals of Green Chemistry

Paul Anstas and John Warner will be always known jointly as fathers of this New way of thinking

Chemistry. People are now becoming more and more familiar with this new stream, much interested to

know more about it and trying to correlate their researches with GCs principals to make it more

sustainable and eco-friendly. Many international organizations including American Chemical Society,

Royal Society of Chemistry, IUPAC, EPA etc. and publication houses including CRC Taylor & Francis,

Springer, Oxford, ACS, RSC, Wiley etc. are working a lot to make it popular, but still there is a lot ofscope of working to make it more adopting and preferable way for chemists, biologists and pharmacists,

especially in the countries like India, Brazil, China, Japan etc. For the country like India it is the need of

the day to take initiatives, grab opportunities and face challenges to promote and popularize Green

Chemistry. If you adopt GC in your research methodologies youll get many more exciting results and a

great satisfaction to serve the mankind, believe me. Think Green!


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Use of Reverse Vaccinology for Vaccine Development against Group B Streptococcus

which causes High Mortality of Neonates

Atul Kumar Johri*, Puja Sharma, Hem Lata, Arun Kumar Kashyap and Meenakshi Dua

*Associate Professor, School of Life Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru

University, New Delhi -110067, India,


Streptococcus agalactiae, or GBS, is animportant opportunistic pathogen which causes pneumonia,

sepsis and meningitis in neonates and severe diseases in immuno-compromised adults worldwide. To

understand the mechanism by which pathogens cause disease, it is necessary to identify the genes that are

required for the establishment and maintenance of an infection. As the conventional approaches take up to

20 years to develop a vaccine to combat the infectious diseases. Additionally, most of the vaccines

developed in western countries may/may not work in case of Asian and African countries. We are using

reverse vaccinology (RV) approach like Proteomics, Genomics and Bioinformatics for vaccine

development for Group B Streptococcus to identify universal effective vaccine candidate (Johri et al.,

2003, Mikamo et al., 2004, Johri et al., 2006, Johri et al., 2007,Sharma et al., 2012). By using RV we

have identified the role of pili proteins in adherence and invasion of the GBS of Indian origin. As the pili

proteins were identified previously as vaccine candidatesagainst GBS serotypes of developed countries

and we also found their role in the attachment and invasion of GBS of Indian origin thus in turn our work

supports the idea of making a more effective pili protein based vaccine which can be used universally.

Data related to this will be presented.


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The Light Induced Absorbance changes in Thylakoids and in Intact Leaves ofI pomoea arvensisDue to the Effect of High Light Stress on Antenna Bed

Uma Bhardwaj*, R. Bhardwaj and Vikas Shrivastva

*Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Sr. Director, Arni University, Indora H.P., India -176401


It was assumed that the leaf has energy dessipation pathway and repair mechanism while the thylakoidslack the repair mechanism. Therefore, in order to understand the effect of high light stress on antenna bed

of Ipomoea plant, the light-induced absorbance changes in thylakoids and in intact Ipomoea leaves were

characterized at 678 nm in the red region and at 437nm in the blue region. Absorption characteristics of

both control and photo-inhibited (after exposure to high PFD 2200Wm-2) thylakoids and intact leaf of

Ipomoea were determined. Thus the sensitivity of the leaf to high light stress in relation to bleaching of

pigments should be much less than that of thylakoids. Our results supports the conclusion that the

xanthophyll cycle has a central role in regulating the energy flow to the PS II reaction centers and also

provide direct evidence that zeaxanthin protects against photo inhibitory injury to the photosynthetic

system.Fluorescence kinetics were monitored, after the leaves of Ipomoea were exposed to high PFD for

increasing duration, using fast fluorescence transients as the tool to assess photosynthesis and the changes

in Fv/Fm. In intact leaves ofIpomoea, diurnal variation in leaf photosynthesis were characterized in order

to understand the down regulation of photosynthesis under extreme environment, in particular high

light stress coupled to high temperature.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Present Scenario on Cancer Diagnosis and its Treatment in India

R.K. Jain*

*Associate Professor and Head, Department of Biotechnology

Anand Engineering College, Agra (U.P), India.


Despite manifold advances in cancer care during recent time every year, at least 200,000 people dieworldwide from cancer. Cancer is a broad group of various diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth

forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to moredistant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or blood stream. Cancer can be detected in a

number of ways, including the presence of certain signs & symptoms and screening tests. Once a

possible cancer is detected it is diagnosed by microscopic examination of a tissue sample. Cancer is

usually treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. The chances of surviving the disease

vary greatly by the type and location of the cancer and the extent of disease at the start of treatment.

Cancer pathogenesis is traceable back to DNA mutations that impact cell growth and metastasis. The

improved understanding of molecular biology and cellular biology due to cancer research has led to a

number of new, effective treatments for cancer. As cancer diagnosis and management moves into the

21st century, cancer has become the paradigm disease of the molecular era, with a burgeoning body of

research into aspects of cell biology amenable to earlier molecular diagnosis and efficacious treatment.

Newer cancer therapeutic approaches leads to the identification of numerous specific molecular targets

for drug therapy and their role in the cell signalling pathways that regulate tumor cell growth,

proliferation, migration, angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels from already existing ones), and

apoptosis (programmed cell death). Very recently cancer research is focused on the Development of

newer drug delivery systems like nano- particle drug delivery and liposomal drugs, the optimal dose of

drugs can now be delivered without any increase in toxicity.Cancer research is the intense scientific effort

to understand disease processes and discover possible therapies including the precise nature of the genetic

damage, and the genes which are affected by it.


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Gender Bias Role of AT2R in Weight Gain

Mohammad Azhar Khan* and Tahir Hussain

*Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of

Houston, Houston, TX-77204,

*Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn,

AL-36849 USA.


Obesity is a major disease condition, in turn leading to pathological changes collectively recognized asmetabolic syndrome. Recently angiotensin AT2R has been associated negatively with body weight (BW)

gain in male mice. However, the gender differences in AT2R and BW changes have not been studied. To

understand the gender based role of AT2R involving BW changes, we fed male and female wild type

(WT) and AT2R knock out (AT2KO)mice with C57BL6 background with high fat diet (HFD) for 16

weeks. The male AT2KO had higher HFD calorie intake (WT: 1280 80; AT2KO:1680 80kcal) but

gained less BW compared with the WT (WT: 13; AT2KO: 6 g). Contrary to the male animals, the female

AT2KO mice with equivalent caloric intake (WT:1424 48; AT2KO:1456 80kcal)gainedsignificantlymore BW than the WT mice (WT: 9 g; AT2KO: 15 g). The male AT2KO on HFD displayed lower plasma

insulin level, less impaired glucose tolerance (GT), and higher plasma T3 compared with WT males on

HFD; whereas the female AT2KO mice on HFD showed elevated levels of plasma insulin, more impaired

GT, lower plasma T3 and higher free fatty acid and hepatic triglycerides compared with WT females on

HFD. Interestingly, compared with WT, AT2KO female mice had significantly lower estrogen, which was

further reduced by HFD. These results suggest that AT2R in female mice via potentially regulating

estrogen may have protective role against BW gain and impaired glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism.


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Synergy in Relation to Herbal and Conventional Medicines

Shashi Alok*

*Asst. Professor, Institute of Pharmacy Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.), India


As the direct result of advances in electronics, computer science, metallurgy, engineering, chemistry, andphysics, conventional medicine has grown as fast in this century as the basic medical sciences did in the

last. Other terms for conventional medicine include allopathy and allopathic medicine; western medicine,

mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine, regular medicine; and biomedicine.While many conventionaldrugs or their precursor are derived from plant, there is a fundamental difference between administering a

pure chemical and the same chemical in plant matrix. For example Ascorbic acid in a citrus extract is

more bioavailable then ascorbic acid alone. This is basically due to synergy. Synergy is an important

concept in the context of chemical complexity. Synergy broadly means working together and occurs when

the combined action of constituent is greater than would be expected from a consideration of individuals

contribution. A well-known example of synergy is exploited in the use of insecticidal pyrethrins. A

synergist known as piperonyl butoxide which has little insecticidal activity of its own, interfaces with the

insect ability to break down the pyrethrins thereby, substantially increasing their toxicity. In other words

components of plant which are not active themselves can act to improve the stability, solubility

bioavailability or half-life of the active compound. Chemical complexity leading to enhanced solubility or

bioavailability of key component has been an important topic of a number of studies. Good example of it

is Trikatu. Trikatu is a mixture of black pepper, Piper nigrum; long pepper, Piper longum and ginger,

Zingiber officinalis. The reason for the inclusion involves enhancement of bioavailability not only by

trikatu but especially by the alkaloids piperine from black pepper. Piperine has been shown in both

humans and animals to increase blood level of herbal drugs. The bioavailability enhancement probably

result from the fact that piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism. Because of synergy, herbalists

prefer to use plants in their entirely. Whereas, conventional medicine tries to separate the plants

chemically active parts. It is believe that the combination of each and every part of a plant forms its

healing properties. Also, each part of a plant has specific roles within the body, outside the activeingredient itself. In using the whole plant, the combination of its elements works to prevent harmful side

effects. Lot of evidence are there to show that synergism does occur in extract and mixture and that we

should continue to use whole extract rather than a single chemical entity is responsible which should be

extracted and used alone.


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Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants of Garhwal Region

Geeta Joshi nee Pant*

*Professor, Dept. of Chemistry

HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal

246 174, Uttarakhand, India


Plants are vast laboratories capable of producing various simple to complex molecules called as

secondary metabolites. These chemicals have been found to have varied functions. Many such

compounds protect plants themselves from diseases and also serve the humanity. In the presentation

phytochemical investigation of some plants carried by us by us over the years will be presented.


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Advancement in Gastrointestinal Permeation Enhancement Formulations

Bharat Parashar*

*Associate Professor, Dept. of Pharmacy

Manav Bharti University, Solan (H.P), India


Poorly permeable drugs remain a significant formulation challenge for achieving therapeutically

effective Oral Drug Delivery.Gastrointestinal Permeations Enhancement Technology [GPET] is a

technology that addresses the challenge by safely delivering drugs across the small intestine in

therapeutically relevant concentrations. This monograph provides an evaluation of GIPET, with particular

emphasis on the use of a simple, inexpensive, preclinical feasibility model to advance formulations into

clinical testing.


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Patents and the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

Rahul Taneja*

*Project Officer, Intellectual Property Facilitation Centre for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises,

Haryana State Council for Science & Technology, Department of Science & Technology, Government of

Haryana, Panchkula (Haryana), India.

Email: [email protected]

The Indian pharmaceutical industry is a successful, high-technology-based industry that has witnessedconsistent growth over the past three decades. The current industry players comprise several privately

owned Indian companies that have captured a substantial share in the domestic pharmaceutical market

due to factors such as favorable government policies and limited competition from overseas. The

establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has led to a tremendous paradigm shift in world

trade. The agreement on Trade-Related (Aspects of) Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was negotiated

during the Uruguay round trade negotiations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and

one of the primary reasons for incorporating intellectual property issues into the GATT framework wasthe pharmaceutical industry. Invention related to processes or products are eligible for grant of a patent.

It is observed that the patent applications related to biotechnology are below 10 percent as compared to

Drug & Chemical patents. Product patent regime withnational treatment is a great challenge to Indian

pharmaceuticalindustry to identify leads for innovation and for a grant of a patent.Studies reveal that the

number of applications and grant of patentsare gradually increasing. Filing of patent applications is an

outcomeof innovation efforts which need to be followed up with necessaryforecast strategies involving

creativity, money and time. As awhole, the number of pharmaceutical industries filing for patentshas to

increase drastically in coming years from India.


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Natural Products and Molecules: Boon to Mankind!

Abhishek Mathur*

*Research Scientist (R&D), Sheetal Life Sciences, Dehradun (U.K), India


Natural products and molecules play a very important and pivotal role in our daily life. In basic need of

life, we used plants and organisms for procuring natural products and biomolecules for human welfare. In

todays era where there all traditional medicines and antibiotics are getting failed due to the resistance

acquirance by severe dreadful pathogens, there is a need to explore some natural products and molecules

which are not having stressful concern in past years. Nowadays, there are several epidemics which get

spread without the known cause and cure. Thus there is a need to screen some natural products and

molecules for their biological and pharmacological activities. My investigation and researches are focused

on the screening of some natural products and molecules for pharmacological activities viz. antimicrobial,

antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic activities. Some of these molecules and products

are also found to have plant growth enhancing activities. Some amongst these are having multi-

pharmacological and industrial useful activities. Our target/approach of study should be to isolate/screen

such components which are required at urgent basis in todays time. The study should be focused on

search of novel molecules, products and enzymes which can have pharmacological aspects and can aid in

industrial significance.

Remember.Yet there is a need to explore Naturals!


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ORAL

PRESENTATIONS


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1st

International Conference on New Horizons in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, (NHPBMS-2013), in association with

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR).

NHPBMS/ORAL/ROLLNO. / 01

Effect of gamma irradiation and blue light on survivability of CA MRSA using C.

elegansas host model

Anup Kainthola1*, Suman Joshi and A.B.Bhatt

Microbiology Laboratory, Dept. of Botany & Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal.Uttarakhand-246174, India

To study the pathogenesis and virulence of community acquired MRSA, C. elegans has been developed as

an excellent host model. In this study we have investigated the effect of gamma irradiation and exposure to

blue light on the survivability pattern of CA MRSA using colonization strain M92 as the control strain.

Duplicate sets of C. elegans were feeded onE. coli OP50 strain and infected by CA MRSA on L1 stage of

their life. Application of gamma irradiation was done separately on each set with increasing intensity of

radiation dose of 28 KGy/hr from 10 Gy to 200 Gy using gamma chamber for different time intervals (30

sec, 1 min, 1.49 min, 2.00 min). Blue light (from 400nm to 500nm) exposure was applied to C. elegans at

varying time intervals (1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes) and lux.Although all the nematode survived to

more than 15 days and hence, no nematocidal activity was seen by CA MRSA. The survivability of CA

MRSA under 470 nm blue light for 1 hour was markedly low to 81 cfu/ml in comparison to 212 cfu/ml in

gamma radiation at any grey intensity. Intensity of lux however was negligible in effecting C. elegans or CA

MRSA. Survivability was estimated by maximum density growth curve patterns. Our findings thus show

that blue light exposure is lethal to CA MRSA and can be used for treatment purpose. C. elegans can be

used as model system to study the pathogenesis and host pathogen interactions.


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1st



NHPBMS/ORAL/ROLL NO. / 02

Wild mushrooms and their traditional usage pattern in

Jammu and Kashmir, India

Sanjeev Kumar* and Y.P.Sharma

Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K- 180006, India

Mushrooms are characterized by having an apparent reproductive structure, also called the fruiting body,

carpophore, and sporocarp and sometimes in Ascomycetes, the ascoma or ascocarp while basidiome or

basidiocarp in Basidiomycetes. Diversity of these natural resources with respect to shape, texture, colour,smell, taste, odour and ecological preferences is extremely complicated which makes their identification

intricate. With the realization of implications of wild mushrooms, a large number of researchers engaged

themselves in the survey, distribution and myco-ecological aspects of this natural resource wealth belonging

to this group from different parts of the world. The edible mushrooms have attracted consumers due to their

flavour palatability and nutritive value. The use of edible mushrooms for human consumption is probably as

old as man himself. Wild edible mushrooms have been collected and consumed by people since thousands of

years. The rate of consumption of edible mushrooms in many countries has increased in recent years and

hence it becomes imperative to explore the treasure of these mushrooms. Some efforts undertaken in this

regard on Jammu and Kashmir wild mushrooms have been discussed in the present communication. Brief

macro and microscopic details, habitat description, edibility status and consumption modes have been

incorporated in the communication.


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1st




Anticarcinogenic Potential ofWithania coagulansfruit against

Skin Papillomagenesis in Swiss albinoMice

Deepika Mathur* and R.C Agrawal

Dept. of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal (M.P), India

Withania coagulans belongs to family Solanaceae and its beries are commonly known to be as good

vegetable rennet. It has been reported to have withanolides which are known to be as a group of steroidal

lactones found among members of Solanaceae. Withanolides are reported to have antitumor, antibacterial,

anti-inflammatory, immune-suppressive, cyto-toxicity and antiulcer activities. In the present study, the anti-

carcinogenic activity of Withania coagulans of aqueous and methanolic fruit extracts was investigated on

DMBA induced skin papillomagenesis. Single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)

of 100g/100l acetone, was given and one week later promoted by repeated application of Croton oil (1%

in acetone/twice in a week ) till the end of experiment (16 weeks) in Swiss albino mice. Single topical

application of Methanolic and Aqueous extract of Withania coagulans at the dose 1000mg/kg body weight

along with DMBA+ Croton oil was found effective in decreasing cumulative no. of papillomas, tumor yield,

tumor incidence and tumor burden as compared to the Control group i.e. DMBA and Croton oil. Histo-

pathological studies also showed positive results of the Withania coagulans extracts against DMBA as

promoter and Croton oil as stimulator of causing papillomagenesis. Histological sections in all the groups

show marked papillomatosis, hypergranulosis and hyperkeratosis with papillary projections but in the

control group papilloma consisted of fibro-vascular core with lump of epithelia showing mild dysplasia, the

signs of malignancy were prominent showing Keratinous pearl and full thick dysplasia containing fibro-

vascular core with lining epithelia. The tumor incidence in methanolic extract group are found statisticallysignificant (p


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1st




Screening ofBacillusspeciesassociated with wheat rhizosphere for plant growth

promoting traits

Adesh Kumar* and Daya Nand Harit**

*Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, N.D. University of Agriculture &

Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, 224 229, U.P., India

**Department of Zoology, Government Champhai college, Mizoram, 96 321 India.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to influence plant growth by various direct or

indirect mechanisms. In search of promising PGPR strains with multiple activities, a total of 18 isolates

belonging toBacillus spp. were isolated from different wheat rhizospheric soils collected from some districts

of Uttar Pradesh. These test isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their plant growth

promoting traits like production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), ammonia production, siderophore production,

phosphate solubilization, salt tolerance and antibiotic sensitivity test activity. On the basis of multiple plant

growth promoting activities among eighteen isolates evaluated for their quantitative IAA production, the

isolates ADN-2 and ADN-3 were produced IAA in highest amount (80 mg/l). Out of eighteen, eleven

isolates produced ammonia, nine produced siderophore, while four isolates solubilized phosphate on the

pikovskayas agar medium, and three isolates showed tolerance against 8% NaCl concentration. This study

has pointed out that some isolates may be applied as bio-inoculants according to observed supporting

characters as plant growth promoter rhizobacteria.


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Drug and nutrient consideration in the biochemical changes of Haemodialysis patients

Girija K1* and R.Radha2

1Research Scholar, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 2Asst Professor, Department of Food Service

Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher Education for Women,

Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Malnutrition is more prevalent in haemodialysis population due to dietary restrictions, decreased food

intake, frequent hospitalization, metabolic acidosis, abnormal biochemical changes and haemodialysis

procedure itself. Drugs plays the major role in reducing the risk of complications associated with excess

solute overload such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphotemia, hyper parathyroidism metabolic acidosis, etc.

These patients are under severe pill burden which in turn decreases their quality of life and drug related

malnutrition. In this study, 90 patients who are undergoing haemodialysis for the period of two years were

selected. Their biochemical parameters such as serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, phosphorus,

calcium, bicarbonate and serum albumin levels were analysed. Clinical evaluation of symptoms such as

edema, nausea, vomiting, headache, skin changes, hair loss were recorded to find any symptoms that were

caused by nutrient deficiencies. Dietary assessments were done to reveal the nutrient intake. In this study Inthis study, around 39% of the subjects where well nourished, 53% were mild-moderately malnourished and

8% were severely malnourished. From the clinical evaluation it was found that 45% of the haemodialysis

subjects had dry skin, 26% of the haemodialysis subjects suffered from nausea and 44% of the subjects had

hair loss. In spite of their decreased dietary intake, micronutrient deficiencies may also occur from drug and

nutrient interactions. Role of physician, pharmacist and nutritionist has the major impact in maintaining the

health of haemodialysis patients. This study helps to identify the drug-nutrient interactions in haemodialysis

patients and paves the way to identify the route to decrease drug related abnormalities and educate the

patients the correct mode of drug intake.


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Characterization of newly isolated Stress tolerant Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacillus

cereus strain RNE17 from various parts of automobile engines

Debajit Borah* and R.N.S. Yadav

Centre for Studies in Biotechnology, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam,India

The aim of the current study is to isolate potential stress tolerant hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms

from various parts of automobile engines considering as an arid source. Hydrocarbon degrading microbes

were isolated by inoculating and subsequently culturing the samples on Bushnell and Haas (BM) media

supplemented with used engine oil as a sole carbon source. A total number of 71 bacterial isolates were

obtained by culturing 25 hydrocarbon extracts taken from various parts of automobile engines. The best

potential isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus strain RNE17 on the basis of 16s rDNA sequencing and

biochemical characteristics. The isolate was found to be degrading 67%, 72%, 57%, 42% of diesel,

kerosene, crude oil and used engine oil respectively after 28 days of incubation. The strain was found to be

tolerating up to 7% of salinity, 37% glucose concentration and 52% of relative humidity. The thermal death

point (TDP) of the isolate was found to be 86oC.


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An Evaluation of anticonvulsant and sedative activity of ethanolic extract ofAlstonia

scholarisleaves

Harikesh Maurya*, Garima Kandpal, Gaurav Gupta, Deepak Tiwari, Firoz Anwar

Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, IT Park, Sahastradhara Road, Dehradun

Alstonia Scholaris, leaves are used to evaluate the anticonvulsant and sedative activity on the basis of its

traditional and folklore uses in epilepsy and also depends on its chemical constituents like alkaloids,

saponins, terpenoids and flavonoids which show the CNS activity. On the basis of these properties, the studywas design to evaluate the anticonvulsant and sedative activity of ethanolic extract of the leaves ofAlstonia

scholaris.MES induced convulsion and Isoniazid induced convulsion.Locomotor activity of mice using

Actophotometer and Pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in micewere performed.The extract is effective in

Isoniazid and Maximal Electroshock induced model. 400 mg/kg dose of EEAS shows the maximum

protection of epilepsy induced by the MES and chemical convulsant as compared to low dose (200 mg/kg)

ofAlstonia scholaris. EEAS also possess the sedative activity when tested in Pentobarbitone induced

sleeping model and also decrease the locomotor activity in mice. The 400 mg/kg extract potentiate the effect

of Pentobarbitone.From this study it was concluded that the ethanolic extract ofAlstonia scholarispossess

antiepileptic and sedative activity. These effects may be due to alteration in chloride channel of neurons

associated with sleep activity.


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Taxonomic and Molecular Identification ofVerpa bohemica: Newly Explored Fungi

from Rajouri Dist. of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K)

Nidhi Anand*1, 2 and P.N. Chowdhry1

1National Centre of Fungal Taxonomy (NCFT), New Delhi, India

2Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India

A new and rare species of mushroom,Verpa bohemicawas collected from lower Shivalik range of moist

temperate Conifer forest of Rajouri and identified on the basis of morphological and molecular

characterization. Universal fungus primers (ITS1 and ITS4) were used in amplification process of target

region of rDNA (ITS1 5.8S I). Bioinformatics approach was followed for its molecular identification. Its

rDNA sequence, when aligned in GenBank by performing BLAST, matches 100% with Verpa bohemica.

The rDNA sequence of this species forms a distinct clade from the rest of species of the same genus. This

species is being reported first time from Rajouri Dist. of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K), India.


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Genetic Manipulation of Hevein Gene in Tomato Plant through Agrobacterium

tumifeciensmediated Transformation

Pradeep Tiwari*

Department Of Biotechnology,Uttaranchal College of Technology & Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Technical

University Dehradun (U.K) -248001

The plants, in which a functional foreign gene has been incorporated by any biotechnological methods that

generally not present in plant, are called transgenic plants.The transferred gene is known as transgene and

expression of a foreign gene into the genome is referred as genetic transformation. The main aim of this

project was to insert a hevein gene in to the tomato plant, so that tomato plant can gain antifungal activity.

Hevein is considered a lectin because it has carbohydrate-binding activity. Accordingly, all plant proteins

possessing at least one Hevein domain are classified in the super family of chitin-binding lectins.The

antifungal activity of hevein-like proteins has been associated with their chitin-binding activities. Pn-AMP1

and Pn-AMP2, two hevein homologues from Pharbitis nil, show in vitro antifungal activities against both

chitin and non-chitin containing fungi. Purified Pn-AMPs retained antifungal activities only under non-

reducing conditions. When Pn-AMP2cDNA was constitutively expressed in tomato (Lycopersicon

esculentum) plants under the control of CaMV35S promoter, the transgenic plants showed enhanced

resistance against both the non-chitinous fungus Phytophthoracapsici, and the chitin-containing fungus

Fusariumoxysporum. Thus, the chitin component in the fungal cell wall is not an absolute requirement for

Pn-AMP's antifungal activities. These results when considered together suggest that Pn-AMPs have the

potential for developing transgenic plants resistant to a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi.Plants are under

constant invasion by pathogens which causes a reduction in yield, quality and growth rate. So we have dealt

with some aspect of recombinant DNA technique to arrive at genetically engineered tomato plant with

fungal resistance Hevein gene incorporated into them. Thereby, a tomato plant gained antifungal activity


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Synergistic effect of Green Tea Catechins and Antibiotics against Resistant Microbial

pathogens

Jigisha Anand*

*Graphic Era University, Dehradun (U.K), India

Green tea in its purest and most unadulterated form has always influenced human health from generations and with

recurrent scientific evidences coming from the global research, people are becoming aware of its health benefits. The

benefits of green tea are attributed to its huge collection of polyphenols among which catechins makes the majorcontribution towards its magical potentials. The multiple potentials includes removal of free radicals, skin protection,

prevention of cancer, cardio-vascular health, kidney disorders, curing of neurogenerative disorders, diarrhoea, fatigue

and many more. Green tea catechins have potent antimicrobial activity, inhibiting growth of bacterial, fungal and viral

pathogens.The synergistic association of green tea catechins with antibiotics and drugs is currently a major

breakthrough in response to increasing multiple drug resistance among the harmful pathogenic micro-organisms which

are continuously hampering the prevention and treatment of many curable diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need

to check the efficacy, safety and translational guidelines for a green tea to be used safe, effective combinational drug.

The objective of this research work is to study combinational effect of green tea catechins and antimycotic as well asantibacterial antibiotics against fungal and bacterial pathogens respectively. Combined treatment with antibiotics and

catechins allows the use of low doses of antibiotics and prevents increasing the antibiotics resistance among the

pathogens. It assumed that the combinational application may help to overcome the resistance and side effects of

antibiotics.


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I n vitropropagation ofBacopa monnier i

Garima Shrivastava*, Ruchika Khorwal

Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

The present study deals with the use of an ideal protocol for rapid and large scale in vitro micro propagation

ofBacopa monnieri. Nodal explants from fields were collected and properly sterilized. Nodal explants were

collected from the field of plant tissue culture discipline, Botany Division, Forest Research Institute (FRI),

Dehradun and were inoculated on MS-media supplemented with different cytokinin and auxin combinationsviz. BAP, KIN and NAA. Gradually these plants were subcultured with different combinations of BAP on

MS medium. Consequently, the subcultured shoots were rooted and successfully established in the field after

in vitro hardening in different combinations of soil, sand and fertilizers to find best combinations for best

growth of the plant through biomass estimations.


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I n vitropropagation ofCapparis decidua

Garima Shrivastava*, Ruchika Khorwal

Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Tissue culture technique has become popular as an alternating means for mass propagation and improvementof plant species. In vitro techniques of micro propagation have the following distinct advantages overconventional methods of vegetative propagation: small space requirement, high multiplication rate, freedomfrom seasonal dependence, controlled culture conditions, freedom from microbes, etc.The present work wasundertaken in order to learn the tissue culture techniques for microprapagation of Ker i.e. Capparis decidua,which is the most capable technology for mass multiplication of plant species.Capparis decidua is widelyspreading, densely branched, glabrous shrub or occasionally a small tree of 5m in height. It growsabundantly in dry and arid regions, thus, tolerant to prolonged drought due to its excellent adaptation to aridconditions. The purpose of the present study was to obtain mass multiplication of desirable and selectedcharacteristics of this species which were at risk due to open pollination and hence difficulty inmaintenance.Capparis decidua was successfully Micropropagated using axillary bud proliferation method.The composition of culture medium is an important factor in the successful establishment of tissue culture.In the present study MS medium was prepared. To it additives were also added for their specializedfunctions in appropriated concentration- adenine sulphate, ascorbic acid, citric acid and L-arginine.Thesurface sterilization procedure was optimized. It was observed that the lower concentration and duration ofexposure of the sterilizing agent (HgCl2) causes less effective sterilizing condition because of not

eliminating all microbes, whereas, the high concentration and longer exposure results in death of theexplants Out of the different concentrations and time durations followed 0.1% HgCl2 for time duration of 5minutes proved to be the most suitable for nodal explant and gave maximum aseptic bud break. Plant growthregulators are the most important factor in the clonal propagation of plant species. BAP is the most effectivecytokinin for stimulating axillary shoot proliferation. BAP and Kinetin are commonly used cytokinin forestablishment and multiplication of a wide range of plant species. Bud breaking occurred on MS mediasupplemented individually with 4 mg/l BAP , 2 mg/l Kinetin , 4 mg/l BAP +0.1 mg/l NAA and 2 mg/lKinetin + 0.1 mg/l NAA within 4-5 weeks of inoculation. Less number of shoots was produced on the lowerconcentration of BAP (2mg/l) while numerous dwarf shoots were produced on the higher concentrations ofBAP. Lesser number of shoots was observed on Kinetin 2 mg/l as compared to BAP. But the MS mediumsupplemented with 4 mg/l BAP +0.1 mg/l NAA gave maximum response percentage. In Capparis decidua

5-6 fold shoot multiplication was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA.Experiments were also conducted for ex vitro micro propagation ofCapparis decidua using cutting. Paraffinwax treatment helped in reducing the transpiration rate.Cuttings were dipped in various ppm IBA solutionsout of which 1000 ppm. IBA solution gave the maximum response. Due to excessive aeration the overallresponse obtained was low.


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Prevalence of Hypertension among Rural Population of Doiwala Block, Dehradun,

Uttarakhand India

Pooja*, Yashoda Mittal

*Dept. of Zoology, Govt. P.G.College Rishikesh, Dist. Dehradun- 249201, Uttarakhand, India

K.L.D.A.V.P.G.College Roorkee, Dist. Haridwar Pin: 247667, Uttarakhand, India

Hypertension is a major health problem in developed as well as in developing countries.The prevalence

pattern of hypertension in developing countries is different from that in the developed countries. The

increasing epidemic of hypertension in India was documented by studies done at various places across the

country. Various studies estimated a prevalence rate of hypertension among urban population ranging from

1.24% in 1949 to 36.4% in 2003 and for rural people from 1.99% in 1958 to 21.2 % in 1994. Uttarakhand is

a newly formed and one of the hilly states of the India with more than 70% rural population. Since very

scanty reports are available on prevalence of hypertension from Uttarakhand so this community based cross

sectional study was conducted to know about the prevalence of hypertension in rural population of an area of

Uttarakhand. Gumaniwala, a village near Rishikesh was the place of survey. A total of 340 peoples aged 30

years and above were selected through simple random sampling method for the study. All the subjectsunderwent an interview through a pretested questionnaire and clinical examination. Blood pressure of all the

study subjects was measured using standardized technique. All the data were analyzed using SPSS software

version 16.0. The prevalence of hypertension was presented as percentage. The association between

categorical variables and hypertension were tested using Chi square test. A p value of < 0.05 was considered

statistically significant. The overall prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 33.2% and 40.6%

respectively. The prevalence of hypertension among females is higher (34.2%) than in males (32.4%).

Among all studied variables age, smoking and Body mass index (BMI) were significantly related with

hypertension (p


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Alterations in Hematocellular Components of Wistar rats due to aqueous extract of

Tinospora cordifoli a

Ajaz Ahmad*, Kusum Singh*, Gulzar Ahmad*, Vinita Ahirwar* and Shashi Patil**

*Department of Zoology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Bundelkhand University Campus, Jhansi, (U.P), India

** Department of Life Science and Technology Boston College for Professional Studies Gwalior (M.P),

India

The use of plants as medicines goes back to early man. From the beginning of human existence, people have

been searching for plants useful in prevention and treatment of various diseases. Medicinal plants being as

an important natural resource and potentially safe drugs can play an important role in assuaging human

health by contributing herbal medicines. The present study is therefore designed to investigate the alterations

in Haematocellular indices i.e. Red blood cell count (RBC), White blood cell count (WBC), Mean

corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

concentration (MCHC) and Colour index (CI) due to aqueous extract ofTinospora cordifolia at a dose level

of 300mg/kg b.wt in normal rats of Wistar strain. The study was carried out by single and daily

administration of dose for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results revealed that the RBC and WBC count as well

as MCV, MCH, MCHC and CI were significantly altered due to chronic administration of aqueous extract of

Tinospora cordifoliaat later durations of the dose.


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Combination therapy in diabetes (Synthetic and herbal medicine): A novel approach

Muhammad Afzal, Imran Kazmi*, Ruqaiyah Khan, Rajbala Singh, Firoz Anwar

Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India

Investigated the effect of aqueous leaf extract ofMomordica charantiawith Glipizide in high fat fed and

STZ induced type-2 diabetes.A single dose of (35 mg/kg) was administered to the animals for the induction

of diabetes with 58% high fat diet. Aqueous extract ofMomordica charantia(250 mg/kg)was administered

orally alone and in different combinations with glipizide. Blood glucose, insulin, haemoglobin, total

cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), body weight, urine volume etc were

measured. The elevated blood glucose and decreased insulin and haemoglobin levels in diabetic rats were

better controlled in 50%Momordica charantia and 50% Glipizide. The results were statistically significant

(p


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Species Composition of Cynobacteria from Kashipur, Uttarakhand, India

Anjali Khare* and Mukesh Kumar

*Dept. of Botany, Advance Institute of Science and Technology, Dehradun (U.K), India

Dept. of Botany, Sahu Jain PG College, Bijnor (U.P), India

Biodiversity is the variety of worlds organisms. It is the scientific terminology for the natural biological

wealth that influences human life and well-being. Cyanobacteria are cosmopolitan and possess a high

potential of adaptation to diverse environmental factors. Of the 20 million estimated species of the world,only 8.5% (i.e. 1.7 million) have been identified and others are yet to be identified. Cyanobacteria are

photosynthetic organisms that inhabit all kinds of possible biomes. They show diversity in their cellular

organization as well as in their habitats. Different species of Cyanobacteria are known to suppress weed

growth, reduce the loss of applied chemical nitrogen fertilizer, can be used as an animal feed, human food, a

medicine and water purifiers. Not only this, Cyanobacteria can also be used for the production of biofuels.

Therefore, the screening of the cyanobacterial species may be helpful to utilize their potential in different

areas specially in biofuel production.During the span of the present investigation, the cyanobacterial samples

have been collected from various habitats in different seasons of the year i.e. winter, summer and rainy.

Cyanobacteria growing on stone, soil, bark of trees, walls of buildings, ponds etc. were collected from

different localities and preserved in suitable medium for taxonomic studies. The microslides were preparedfor microscopic observations from fixed as well as fresh cyanobacterial samples. Camera-lucida drawings

have been sketched and analyzed for the identification of various genera upto species level. The

identifications have been made on the basis of morphological observations and taxonomic enumeration put

in the pertinent literature documented in the research area. The present communication deals with the

diversity of 60 cyanobacterial species belonging to 19 genera, 06 families and 03 orders growing in various

ecological conditions of the area.


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Association of Leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphism Glu223Arg with Systemic

Lupus Erythematosus- A case control study

Masqooba Murtza*, Dil Afroze

*Sai Institute of Paramedical and Allied Sciences, Dehradun (U.K), India

Associate professor, dept. of immunology& molecular medicines, SKIMS, Soura, Kashmir (J&K), India

Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation

with possible involvement of any organ and system. There is a high incidence of the disease and poorprognosis, and it is incurable until now. SLE is predominantly a disease of women. Leptin plays an essential

role in the regulation of body weight, neuro-endocrine function, reproduction, and the immune response.

Leptin is assumed to promote inflammation and immunity and is presumed to influence the development of

rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune disease in humans by destroying the balance of T lymphocytes. Leptin

functions by binding to its cognate Leptin receptor (LEPR). We screened the Q223R(AG) polymorphism

of Leptin receptor (LEPR) gene in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients and healthy controls belonging to

ethnic Kashmiri population. The Q223R alleles and genotypes were determined by polymerase chain

reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). An association of LEPR gene

polymorphism Q223R with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus was observed. The genotypes of Q223R

polymorphism were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (2= 2.07, P=NS). Homozygous wild allele (AA) was

present in 31% of controls and 18% of cases. 58% of cases and 52% of controls carried the heterozygous

(AG) genotype respectively. The homozygous variant (GG) genotype was present in 24% of cases and 17%

of controls respectively. AG genotype did not differ statistically among cases and controls with respect to

the wild AA reference allele (P= 0.06) where as a significant association was observed in GG genotype

(P=0.03). Frequency of A allele was observed to be 0.57 and 0.47 in controls and cases respectively and G

allele frequency was 0.43 in controls and 0.53 in cases respectively. This elucidates a protective effect

conferred by the wild allele. This correlation indicates the positive association between the carriers of variant

genotype (GG) and SLE. Subjects with GG genotype had an early onset of disease than AG and AA

genotypes.A significant association was observed in arthritis (P=0.0003), alopecia, (P=0.04)lymphadenopathy, cardiac disorder (P=0.02) and haemolytic anaemia (P=0.03). These findings suggest that

the variant genotypes of Q223R polymorphism in LEPR gene play a role in the predisposition, severity and

progression of SLE in ethnic Kashmiri population.


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Rhizoremediation of Hindon River wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)

solms.

Tiwari Sukirti*, Kumar Ajay, Malik Danish, Singh Neetu, Joshi Pallavi, Pandey Neetu

Department of Biotechnology, Mewar Institute of Management, Ghaziabad, U.P-201012

The main sources of pollution in the Hindon River include the municipal waste of the Saharanpur,

Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad district. In view of the above problem the present investigation wascarried out

to study the periodical wastewater treatment efficiency ofEichhornia crassipes growing in wastewater under

different dilutions. Wastewater was analysed for different physiochemical properties. All the parameters

shows significant reduction ranges maximum in one time dilution i.e. 30-70% except pH and DO. Our pilot

study finally explored the wide possibilities of developing wastewater culture medium using different

dilutions from natural wastewater source in order to enhance maximum phytoremediation potential of water

hyacinth.


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High Resolution Genome Sequencing of Influenza A Viruses to Detect Mixed Infections

and Quasispecies

M. A. Ramakrishnan1*, Sushmita Singh3, Zheng Jin Tu4, Ashok K Chockalingam1, Sagar Goyal1, DavidHalvorson and Srinand Sreevatsan1,2

*Department of Veterinary Population Medicine1, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences2,Biomedical Genomics Center3, Minnesota Supercomputer Institute4, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul,

MN 55108, India

We evaluated quasispecies and mixed infections by de novo sequencing the whole genomes of 10 virus

isolates, including eight avian influenza viruses grown in embryonated chicken eggs (six waterfowl isolates -

five H3N2 and one H4N6; an H7N3 turkey isolate; and a bald eagle isolate with H1N1/H2N1 mixed

infection), and two tissue cultured H3N2 swine influenza viruses. Two waterfowl cloacal swabs were

included in the analysis. Full-length sequences of all segments were obtained with 20 to 787-X coverage for

the ten viruses and one cloacal swab. The second cloacal swab yielded 15 influenza reads of ~230 bases,

sufficient for bioinformatic inference of mixed infections or quasispecies. Genomic subpopulations or

quasispecies of viruses were identified in four egg grown avian influenza isolates and one cell cultured

swine virus. A bald eagle isolate and the second cloacal swab showed evidence of mixed infections with two

(H1 and H2) and three (H1, H3, and H4) HA subtypes, respectively. Multiple sequence differences were

identified between cloacal swab and the virus recovered using embryonated chicken eggs


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An Alternative Method toCalculate 50% Endpoint Dilution

M. A. Ramakrishnan*

Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand263 138, India

The two commonly used methods for calculating 50% endpoint dilution are Spearman Karber (Krber,

1931; Spearman, 1908) and Reed and Muench (Reed and Muench, 1938). The advantages and disadvantages

of the above methods were thoroughly discussed elsewhere (Armitage and Allen, 1950; Finney, 1978;

Lorenz and Bgel, 1973). To understand and use theses formulas moderate statistical/mathematical skill isnecessary. In this presentation, a simple and nonstatistical method that yet yields identical result that of

Spearman-Karber methods is proposed for calculating 50% endpoint dilution.


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Seeds Germination and Seedling Analysis ofPicorh iza kurr oaRoyle Ex. Benth in

Genwala and Bagori (Harsil) Dist. of Uttarkashi

M.P.S. Parmar1*, Lokendra Singh Negi2and Shanti Ramola 3

*Department of Botany R. C. U. Govt. P. G. College, Uttarkashi- 249 193 (Uttarakhand), India

Sankalp Samajik Sanstha Genwala Barsali Uttarkashi, India

Picrorhiza kurroa is a well-known herb in the Ayurvedic system of medicine and has traditionally been used

to treat disorders of the liver and upper respiratory tract, reduce fevers, and to treat dyspepsia, chronic

diarrhea, and scorpion sting. It is a small perennial herb from the Scrophulariaceae family, found in the

Himalayan region growing at elevations of 3,000-5,000 meters. Picrorhiza kurroa has a long, creeping

rootstock that is bitter in taste, and grows in rock crevices and moist, sandy soil. The leaves of the plant are

flat, oval, and sharply serrated. The flowers, which appear June through August, are white or pale purple and

borne on a tall spike; manual harvesting of the plant takes place October through December. The active

constituents are obtained from the root and rhizomes. The plant is self-regenerating but unregulated over-

harvesting has caused it to be threatened to near extinction. Current research on Picrorhiza kurroa has

focused on its seeds and seedlings analysis in low and high altitudinal villages of District Uttarkashi

(Uttarakhand). The plant is self-regenerating but unregulated over-harvesting has caused it to be threatenedto near extinction (Atal C. K. et al., 1986; Subedi BP., 2004). Kutkin is the active principal of Picrorhiza

kurroa and is comprised of kutkoside and the iridoid glycoside picrosides I, II, and III. Other identified

active constituents are apocynin, drosin, and nine cucurbitacin glycosides (Weinges K. et. al., 1972 and

Stuppner H, Wagner H.,1989). Apocynin is a catechol that has been shown to inhibit neutrophil oxidative

burst in addition to being a powerful anti-inflammatory agent, (Simons J.M. et. al. 1990) while the

curcubitacins have been shown to be highly cytotoxic and possess antitumor effects (Stuppner H., Wagner

H.,1989).Several reports indicate the need for its conservation, sustainable utilization and cultivation (Ohba

and Akiyama 1992; Olsen 1998; Manandhar 1999; Subedi 2000). This plant is not only heavily exported by

local traders but also natural regenerations is hampered due to international fires set by local shepherds for

making grazing area for their Yaks which altimatly leads to unsustainable management and depletition ofthis species (Bantawa et. al. 2009). As a result this species was enlisted in a Red data book around 20 years

ago (Anon 1987). Additionally, seed setting and seedlings survival has been reported to be generally in

alpine plants (Pandey 2000).


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Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Aniline by Potassium Bromate in Acidic

Medium

Dinesh Kumar*

*Department of Chemistry, M.S. College, Saharanpur (U.P), India

Amines are widely distributed in nature. Their importance in industry as raw material, intermediates,

finished products and in the laboratories is well documented. The amino group is endowed with a set of

physical and chemical properties which mainly depend on the presence of certain structural elements. The

oxidation of aromatic amines by different oxidants has been investigated by many workers due to the

complex behaviour of their mode of oxidation. Kinetic and mechanistic studies of oxidation of aniline by

bromate ion is very few and in a limited range. Hence it is proposed to carry out the title reaction. The

reaction was carried out in pseudo first order condition, i.e., the concentration of aniline was always more

than ten folds the [bromate]. The reaction was initiated by mixing previously thermostated solutions of

postassium bromate and aniline which also contained the necessary quantities of other regagents. The

complications created by in situ liberation of bromine were overcome by using mercuric acetate as ascavanger. The temperature was maintained within 0.10C accuracy. The progress of the reaction is

monitored by estimating the amount of unconsumed bromate at various time intervals iodometrically. The

reaction has been studied at different initial [oxidant]. The rate constants obtained at different initial

[oxidant] indicate that the order with respect to bromate is one. The reaction was studied at different initial

[substrate]. The rate constants obtained at different initial [substrate] indicate that the order with respect to

aniline is fractional. The rate increases with the increase in the amount of Acitic Acid. The effect of

perchloric acid on the reaction rate has been investigated. It has been found that the reaction is acid

catalysed. The rate decreases on increasing the ionic strength indicating that the reaction is between ions of

opposite charges. On the basis of kinetic data, product analysis and stoichiometry, a plausible mechanism

and rate law has been proposed.


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I n vitroAntimycotic Activity of selected medicinal plants of Uttarakhand against

Trichosporonspecies causing Piedra hair infection

Veena Uniyala*, S. Saxenab, R. P Bhatta, R. Negic

a*Department of Botany and Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, 246174,

Uttarakhand, India.

bDepartment of Botany, SGRR (PG) College, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.

cDepartment of Botany, SRT Campus, Badshahithaul, Tehri Garhwal, 249001, Uttarakhand, India.

Piedra hair infection is a fungal infection of the hair characterized by the presence of nodules of different

hardness on the surface of hair shafts. Two types of Piedras have been found, White Piedra and Black

Piedra. White Piedra caused by Basidiomycetous yeast Trichosporon spp. and Black Piedra caused by the

ascomycete Piedraia hortae and Trichosporon ovoides. The low spread of these infections and the

harmlessness of the disease probably explain why so few studies have been made on these infections. The

present work is aimed at studying the antimycotic activity of ten medicinal plants of Uttarakhand in

comparison to known antifungal agents against five Trichosporon species involved in Piedra hair infection.

These plants selected for the present study have been reported to be used for the treatment of various other

diseases. Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone and Chloroform extracts of the leaves, bark and roots of these plants

were examined for antimycotic activity. The results showed that methanol and ethanol extracts were

effective against all the species of the pathogens tested, with methanolic extracts exhibiting more activity.

The average diameter of zone of inhibition observed against these fungi ranged from 10-35 mm. The most

effective plant was found to bePlumbago zeylanica with zone of inhibition 35 mm. The MIC and MFC of

6.2-500 mg/ml of methanolic extracts were recorded. Ketoconazole, Amphotericin B and Nystatin B were

used as positive reference controls. DMSO was used as a negative control.


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Phytoplanktonic diversity and their relationship with few important Physico-chemical

attributes of River Yamuna in Uttarakhand

D.R. Khanna and Fouzia Ishaq*

*Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar, Uttarakhand

India

Water is an important component of all livingbeings. It also performs unique and indispensibleactivities in

earth ecosystem, biosphere andbiogeochemical cycles. The growth and diversity of phytoplankton in river

system is influencedby several physico-chemical and biologicalparameters.Phytoplanktons are microscopicplants that live in all healthy aquatic ecosystems. They are the main primary producers in open waters,so

they condition the structure and density of consumersas well as physico-chemical properties of water.

Moreover,phytoplanktonic organisms are sensitive indicators, asphytoplankton structure and metabolism

changes quicklyin response to environmental changes.Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton diversity and

their relationship with few important physico-chemical parameters of upstream and downstream water in

River Yamuna were studied for a period of one year covering three seasons. Phytoplanktonic diversity and

wateranalysis was performed using standard procedure. Maximum population density was observed

insummer season in upstream and winter season in downstream of River Yamuna.Higher phytoplankton

populations were encountered at downstream whichcorresponded to the fluctuation of prevailing conditions

like temperature, turbidity, velocity, Total alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and BOD content of the said

habitat. A total of 35 species belonging to three different families Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and

Myxophyceae wererecorded during the study period. The family Bacillariophyceae was represented by

Ceratoneis, Amphora, Caloneis, Fragilaria, Navicula, Synedra, Diatoms, Gomphonema, Pinnularia,

Melosira, Tabellaria, Denticula, Cymbella, and Cyclotella.The family Chlorophyceae was represented by

Chlorella, Chlaymydomonas, Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Hydrodictyon, Cladophore, Cosmarium, Chlorococcum,

Oedogonium, Microspora, Desmidium, Chara, Zygenema, Syndesmus, and Volvoxand family Myxophyceae

was represented by Nostoc, Anabaena, oscillatoria, Rivularia, Coccochloris and Phormidium. The family

Chlorophyceae was dominant and most diverse and dense than the other two families in all the three

seasons. Our findings highlighted that the water quality of River Yamuna in Uttarakhand is good and can beused for various domestic and commercial purposes. However it is also important to use this natural resource

in a sustainable manner without deteriorating its quality and suggest an effective monitoring and

management for its conservation.


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I n vitroantimicrobial activity ofHelicteresisoraLinn. Against multi-drug resistant

pathogens and estimation of phytochemicals

Dinesh Kumar1*, S. Farooq2 and R. K. Singh3

1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun,Uttarakhand, India

2President, The Himalaya Drug Company, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India3Head, Dept. of Biochemistry, SGR

new horizons in pharmaceutical & biomedical sciences

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