new media journalism

7/30/2019 New Media Journalism

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MS 1304 From Text to Hypertext

New Media Journalism


For a complete list of related links see:

http://homepages.uel.ac.uk/U.Krautmacher

> External Links

or

http://del.icio.us/UELuk/MewMediaJournalism


Links


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New Media Theory & Journalism



1. What defines New Mediaand how does that relate toJournalism Practices?

2. Can the Internet beconsidered as a massmedium?

3. What distinguishes NewMedia Journalism from oldMedia Journalism?



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Manovich, Lev (2001)

The Language of New Media

Lev Manovich: The Languageof New Media

"To understand the logic of newmedia, we need to turn tocomputer science."

Definition of New Media:

Numerical Representation

Automation

Variability






Numerical RepresentationInformation is translated tonumbers

The computer - used as atypewriter - translates wordsinto binary code without evenbringing it to the journalist'sattention.


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Automation"human intentionality can beremoved from the creativeprocess, at least in part."

Examples from Word Processing:auto-formating, lay-out-templates, spell-check, exceltable-calculations






Variability"A new media object (...) canexist in different, potentiallyinfinite versions."

Example: Dynamic web-sitesgenerated from databases;might change work practices ofjournalists


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Morris, M. and Ogan,C.(1996), The Internet

as Mass Medium in:Journal of Communication

Vol. 46 (1)

The Internet - a MassMedium?

Network medium v mass-medium; Rheingold: "Apatchwork product"

'Mass society' -> 'massmedium' do not reflectcomplexities of society

"As technology changes andmedia converge, researchcategories (of mass media) mustbecome flexible."





Internet communication:synchronous and asynchronouscommunication; one-to-one,one-to many and many-to-manyconfigurations

The Internet plays withfeatures of the traditional masscommunication-model; contentand audiences are extremelyvaried



Vol. 46 (1)


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Vol. 46 (1)


Example for the playfulness ofthe Internet: 'Podcasting'(combination of ipod andbroadcasting)

"What becomes clear is thatneither mass nor medium can be

precisely defined for allsituations, but instead must becontinually rearticulateddepending on the situation."




Walker, John (2003) 'TheDigital Imprimateur - How

Big Brother and Big MediaCan Put the Internet

Genie Back in the

Bottle'[online] available:

http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/digital-

imprimatur/


Media corporations have ahuge interest in defining andemploying the Internet as atraditional 'mass medium'


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Wiggins, Richard (2001),The Effects of September

11 on the Leading SearchEngine First Monday,

Vol. 7 (10) [online]

Available: http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue6_10

/wiggins/


Being technically a one-to-onemedium, the Internet turns(sometimes) into a traditionalmass-medium; example: 9/11

How Google transformed from asearch-engine to a major

information-portal


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Wiggins, Richard (2001),The Effects of September

11 on the Leading SearchEngine First Monday,

Vol. 7 (10) [online]

Available: http://firstmon

day.org/issues/issue6_10/wiggins/


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Deuze, M.(2001)

Understanding the

Impact of the Internet:On New Media

Professionalism, Mindsets

and Buzzwords,eJournalist (Australia),

[online] Available: http://www.ejournalism.au.com/ejournalist/deuze.pdf

Theorising New MediaJournalism

The advent of cyberspace willinevitably impact on the factorswhich show how journalism getsdone - and may well even colourhow we define what journalismis. (Dahlgren in: Deuze 2001)





Deuze, M.(2001)

Understanding the

Impact of the Internet:On New Media

Professionalism, Mindsets

and Buzzwords,

eJournalist (Australia),[online] Available: http://

www.ejournalism.au.com/ejournalist/deuze.pdf


New Media Journalism embracesthe network character of theWeb and the variability of digitalmedia:

Hypertextuality

Multimediality

Interactivity


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New Media Practice & Journalism



1. Benefits of the Internet

2. Quality of Web basedjournalism

3. How can journalists make aliving in the 'gift culture'

4. New Modes of Reading -

new modes of writing? Dojournalists have to learn howto write for the Web?



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Benefits for Journalists

The WWW offers a hugepotential for education andtraining; Example from UEL:Rising Easthttp://www.uel.ac.uk/risingeast/

The WWW is a vast researchfield for journalists




Quality of Online JournalismProducts

Traditional mass-media have aset of rules and mechanisms toassure quality; on the Internet,quality assurance is mostlyplaced on the user/reader

Offline and Online journalismbases on the same ethicprinciples UK Code of JournalismEthicshttp://www.uta.fi/ethicnet/ukind

ex.html

Reddick, R. and King,E. (2001) The Online

Journalist: Using theInternet and Other

Electronic Resources


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Quality of Online JournalismProducts

Online Journalists need to takeinto account:

- Editorial responsibility forselection of hyperlinks

- Legal responsibility for external

links?

- Readers might not get thecontext (selective reading)




Making a living in the 'Gift-Culture'

Unlimited availability hasalways been a defining featureof the Internet and theWorldWideWeb

Gift-Culture: benefiting fromequally giving and taking

Today, eCommerce is slowlybut surely making its way to asubstantial economic platform


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Making a living in the 'Gift-Culture'

Today's online publishingpractice: giving little for free,giving more for money

Last year, publishers weremaking profit from onlinebusiness for the first time

Online Journalism Review,

[online] Available:http://www.ojr.org




New modes of reading - newmodes of writing?

How to read 'Hypertext'? TheInternet is different from linearmedia: variability, hyperlinks,wealth of information

Dan Harries: "Viewsers arethe new connected consumerswho find entertainment pleasurein the multitasking activitiesbeing promoted through their pcand tv screens.

Harries, Dan(2002) Watching the

internet in ed. Harries,Dan,The New Media

Book


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How do people read on theWeb? Jacob Nielsen: "Theydon't" - They scan the page!

Text for the Web needs to bewritten in a way that allowspeople to scan it

Nielsen, Jacob (1997)'How users read on the

Web', Alertbox, [online]Available:

http://www.useit.com/ale

rtbox/9710a.html




Scannable text (J. Nielsen):

- highlighted keywords

- meaningful sub-headings

- bulleted lists

- one idea per paragraph

- the inverted pyramid style

- half the word count

Nielsen, Jacob (1997)'How users read on the

Web', Alertbox, [online]Available:

http://www.useit.com/ale

rtbox/9710a.html

Scannable text (J. Nielsen):


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Many useful tips online and inspecial books

1200 links for Internet writers:http://www.internetwriter.co.uk/chapters/index.htm

Dorner, Jane (2003)Writing for the Internet



Blogs and Journalism


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"Blogs will drive a powerful newform of amateur journalism asmillions of Net users take on therole of columnist, reporter,analyst and publisher whilefashioning their own personalbroadcasting networks."

Lasica, J.D. (2001)Blogging as a Form of

Journalism, in: OnlineJournalism Review, USC

Annenberg [online]

Available:http://www.ojr.org/ojr/w

orkplace/1017958873.php




1. What is a Blog?

2. Why do people write/readBlogs

3. Blogs - a new form ofjournalism?

4. Example: The London

bombings

5. Concluding thoughts: Theage of participatory media


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Conniff, M. (2005) Justwhat is a blog anyway?,

in: Online JournalismReview, USC

Annenberg [online]

Available:http://www.ojr.org/ojr/st

ories/050929/

What is a blog?

Jeff Jarvis, blogger:

"A blog is merely a tool that letsyou do anything from changethe world to share yourshopping list."

What is a blog?






Annenberg [online]

Available:

http://www.ojr.org/ojr/stories/050929/

What is a blog?

"Blog" = Web Log(ging); aparticular Web-genre ofinteractive diaries


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Annenberg [online]

Available:http://www.ojr.org/ojr/st

ories/050929/

Common blog features

- reverse chronology

- unfiltered content

- comments

- links

- informal attitude

- appropriated text/pictures- (unemotional, informational

look of a dynamic website)




Lasica, J.C.. (2002)Weblog - a new source of

news, in: OnlineJournalism Review, USC

Annenberg [online]

Available:

http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1017958782.php

Why do people write blogs?

- Creative freedom

- Instantaneity

- Interactivity

- Lack of marketing constraints

- Unmediated quality


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Annenberg [online]

Available:http://www.ojr.org/ojr/w

orkplace/1017958782.php

Why do people write blogs?

- Conversational need?

Doc Searls, senior editor forLinux Journal:

"I don't want an audience. I feelI'm writing stuff that's part of aconversation. Conversations

don't have audiences."






Annenberg [online]

Available:

http://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1017958782.php

Blogs - a new form ofjournalism?

"Blogs will supplement, notsupplant, traditional media."

Doc Searls: "Weblogs will informold media. They will increasinglybe a source of information thattraditional media will rely on."


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MacKinnon, R. (2005)Conference Report:

BLOGGING, JOURNALISM& CREDIBILITY:

Battleground and

Common Ground,[online] Available:

http://cyber.law.harvard.edu:8080/webcred/wp-content/CONFREPORT2.ht

m


"Strengthening the publicdiscourse, and strengtheningdemocracy, is indeed thecommon ground shared byprofessional journalists,bloggers, wikipedians and othersinvolved in the creation of

grassroots media."




Naughton, J. (2005)'Journalists must stop

being in denial: Bloggersare here to stay',

Observer 29.5.2005

[online] Available:

http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,5

673,1494684,00.html


"Blogging won't wipe outjournalism, for the simplereason that journalism requiresskills and resources thatbloggers will never have. But itwill improve the practice of ourtrade."


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Blood, R. (2003) Weblogsand Journalism in the Age

of Participatory Media[online] Available:

http://www.rebeccablood.

net/essays/weblogs_journalism.html


"I prefer the term participatorymedia for the bloggers practiceof actively highlighting andframing the news that isreported by journalists, apractice potentially as importantas - but different from -

journalism.




Example: The LondonBombings 07/2005

The pathway of an iconicpicture: Camera Phone - Blog -Wikipedia - AP - BBC

Braker, B. 'History's NewFirst Draft - More than

ever before, citizenjournalists provided some

of the best coverage on

Thursday's London

bombings', Newsweekonline, 9.7.2005,

Available: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8512552

/site/newsweek/

Example: The LondonBombings 07/2005


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Links for Blog Enthusiasts:

http://www.blogger.com

http://www.wordpress.com

http://www.typepad.com

London-Bloggers:

http://londonbloggers.iamcal.co

m/

UK based blogger site

specialised in mobile phone

photography:

http://moblog.co.uk/index.php

Links for Blog Enthusiasts:




The age of 'participatorymedia'

Grasroot journalism:handmade newspapers, video-screenings, public-access radioand tv, community broadcasting

Open-source movement andcountercultural activists haveestablished a 'perfect' platformfor free forms of expression: theInternet


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The age of 'participatorymedia'

Blogs, Wikis & Podcasts areonline narrative genres thatremediate recent forms of'participatory media'

These genres revive the ideaof the 'empowerment of the

reader' by new media


suggested literature


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new media journalism

Documents