new microsoft office word document (2).doc

8/11/2019 New Microsoft Office Word Document (2).doc

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I T T PROJECT

SHAILENDRA

PRATAP

CRO 0215370

BATCH NO. 30


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Information Technology Project

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This is a project depicting my views on the various computer

concepts that have been taught to us as a part of our

Information Technology Course. I have opted for these topics,

as these are some of those topics, which help in extracting

out our creativity and blending it with our knowledge of

accounts. Moreover, they are very interesting and provide

great ease of working in our day to day life. The more I

learnt about them! more useful they seemed to me. The

following project comprises of four topics"

M#$xcel %&&'

T())* +.&

igital #ignatures

-isual asic

M#/01

2irst of all, I would like express my immense gratitude

towards MR.SATISH BHATIYA and MR.SHASHANK

SAXENA our ITT instructors who suggested us the relevant

topics and took all the pains for us to make the course

comprehendible for us. Thereafter, I would like to thank my

parents and friends who spent their precious time helping

me gather information on these topics and also guided me at

places where I got stuck.


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I hope this e3ort of mine would come to IC(I4s expectations and

make a good impression on the examiner. (ll sorts of

suggestions and advices for the improvement of this project aremost welcome.

5


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TOPIC PAGENUMBER INTRODUCTION 5-13

MS-WORDMS-EXCEL

MICROSOFT POWER POINT

VISUAL BASIC

DIGITAL SIGNATURES


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COMPUTERde6nes its own de6nition as"

C CommonlyO 0perationM MachineP 7articularlyU 8sed forT TrainingE $ducation 9R 1esearch

#o computer is an electronic device, which helps usat present everywhere. It helps us in all of our dailyroutine works .It is also used for forecasting weather,to do any research work or any scienti6c work. (tpresent computer is a machine, which has animportant place in human life cycle. /ithoutcomputer we cannot imagine many of our works likebanking, computing, data storage in o:ces etc.

The most widely used de6nition of computerincludes the following operations"

INPUT when any type of information is fed in thecomputer, it is called Input.


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PROCESSING /hen computer works on and analysesthe given information it is called 7rocessing.

OUTPUT (fter working on that information computer

gives the result, which is called 0utput. STORAGETo secures the information given by computer

for a future aspect is called #torage.;ence COMPUTERis de6ned as"An electronic deice t!"t collect# d"t" t!ro$%! "nin&$t deice "nd "n"l'#e# it "nd t$rn# it into(e"nin%)$l in)or("tion in it# CPU "nd ret$rn# *"c+ tot!e $#er ,it! t!e !el& o) "n o$t&$t deice.

USES OF COMPUTER:

The main purpose ofcomputer is to transform the data into meaningfulinformation by processing it. ;ere data means the rawinformation given by user to computer 9 information is theprocessed data in a well set manner.

(t present it is used in many work spheres, like"

airy farmers are using the device to set the time offeeding 9 to optimi milk out put.

( psychologist keeps a computer on desk so that on hisre?uirement he can see past cases onpressing a 6nger for reference in counselingseasons.

@ot only above mentioned places, even 2inancialinstitutions, educational institutions and(lmost all Commercial 0rgani


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FIVE ELEMENTS OF COMPUTERPROCESSING:

Computer is basically used for computation process9 processes are being done with the help of these6ve elements. These are"

HARDWARES-The term hard ware refers to the physical

parts of computer. (s keyboard, monitor mouse etc.Computer hardware t is versatile A but it does depend onthe computer program we use.

#ome of the e.g. of hardwares.


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SYSTEM SOT0AREA Computer needs system softwareto function... system software integrates computer

hardware part components and provides tools for dayto day working 9 maintenance tasks, such asdisplaying 6les contains disk. M# A 0#, 8@IF,/I@0/# F7 %&&& are the wellknown examples ofsystem software.

APP4ICATION SOT0ARE A It turns thecomputer in to a tool for a speci6c task. (pplicationsoftware is special purpose software, which performsa speci6c task for a single profession. 2or example,safety managers are a program, which can enableyou to 6nd your 6les in a very safe mode.

(nother type of application software isGENERA4 PURPOSE SOT0ARE. Millions of peopleuse these programs for a verity of tasks. These are asgiven belowo WORD PROCESSINGo DESKTOP PUBLISHING

o ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEETSoDATABASE

o TELECOMMUNICATION

SOFTWARESoRESOURCE DISCOVERY SOFTWARE

#ome of the e.g. of softwares are given below"


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A

o WORD PROCESSINGo DESKTOP PUBLISHING

o ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEETS

oDATABASE

o TELECOMMUNICATION

SOFTWARESoRESOURCE DISCOVERY SOFTWARE

DATA AThe raw information given by the user to thecomputer to process is called ata.


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The main thing in this concept of data to understand isdi3erence between data 9 information.

In these boxes, In the 6rst box we have data GrawinformationH, in second box processing of the data is done 9in the third box we have information Gthe processedinformationH./ith above given example we can easily understanddi3erence between data 9 information. PEOPLEThough it sounds very surprising that people is

also apart of process but people as end user are also thepart of this process as computer professional are thecommonest example for this.

PROCEDURES 7rocedures also are the main part of thisprocess because a user can work any computation in aprocedure. 7rocedure means the steps, which must befollowed to accomplish a speci6c computer related task.

Input data2

4

6

ProcessingSoftware

Instructions:

Multiply

thesenumbers

Outputinformation

eport:

!he total is

4"#


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;ere we are explainig only % more topics 02 M#/01.

M(C10"

( macro is a single instruction that performs severaldi3erent commands in a se?uence determined by us, and is triggeredwhen we run it./e can create a macro by recording the series of actions or by writingthe instructions in a special format. Commands used to record, run,and modify macros are located on theT00)#menu.

1ecording a Macro"Bo toT00)menu.

@ow click on 1ecord @ew Macro.The following dialogue box will come"

@ow give the desired name to your macro.Click on 0.@ow your macro recording is on and ( #7$CI2IC 0F will appearon the screen.

@ow suppose we have to perform a certain kind offormatting on di3erent paragraphs and we need to create amacro for this purpose

The re?uired steps are as follows" $nter your keystrokes for desired formatting. (fter 6nishing the work click the stop button on the stop

recording toolbar.


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1unning a M(C10"(fter recording the macro we have to perform following steps torun our macro.

#elect Tools from the Menu. #elect Macro. #elect re?uired macro. #elect run button. 2or fast drive we can give shortcut key for a speci6c macro name

by going 07TI0@ M$@88@$1 T00).It will give us for reducing working and shorting our work time.

MAI4 MERGE3 Mail merge is the term used for merging a listof names and addresses with a standard letter to createpersonali


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=. 1epeat above two steps till the last entry is entered.J. Then click on close button.K. #ave the above given data by any name and press

0k4.L. Type the matter that you want to send to all the

persons, e.g.'. 7lace the insertion point at the position where you

want very 6rst 6eld.D. Click on insert merge 6eld4 tool Git is sixth option from

left hand side on mail merge tool bar.+. #elect the appropriate 6eld from the available list and

press the insert button, click close button, change the positionand repeat. )ast three steps.

%&. #elect Nwrite your letterO option.%. #elect Npreview your letterO option.%%. #elect Ncomplete the mergeO option.%=. #elect Nedit individual letterO option.%J. #elect N0kO button.%K. @ow the matter will be available for all the records on

separate pages.

MS1E5cel is also known as a spreadsheet application. (spreadsheet still uses the idea of a large sheet of paper intowhich numbers are entered. ( spreadsheet is a highlyinteractive computer programs that consists of a collectionof rows and columns. That is shown in a worksheet in a

scrollable window. The interaction of each row and column iscalled a Cell. ( cell can hold a number, a text string or aformula that performs a calculation using one or other cells.

The page or spreadsheet as it is known, is a grid, referencedby letters hori


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;ere ( represents a Cell, whose address contains twosymbols"

. 1ow address represented by a number e.g..%. Column address represented by a alphabet e.g. (.

A/2ANTAGES O MS1EXCE4

$xcel allows for multiple sheets, so a spreadsheet could

be split over several pages, say one page for input, onepage for calculations and another for output. Thiscollection of pages is known as a ,or+*oo+.

In addition to powerful calculations excel is also able to

produce a wide range of high ?uality charts to makepresentation of data more e3ective. The mostimportant advantage of using an electronic spreadsheetis that formulas recalculate their results if changes are

made to the contents of the related cells. #preadsheet programs are developed to automate

tasks such as technical calculations, inferentialstatistics, analy


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7ersonnel Management, Marketting.7ayroll and(ccounting.

0HAT IS SPREA/SHEET6

/orksheet or #preadsheet is a grid made up of hori


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Charts are visually appealing and make it easy for users tosee comparisons, patterns, and trends in data. 2or instance,rather than having to analy


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K. Click on @ext command.

L. Type the data range or select the 6le containing the data

for which chart is to be created and then click on @extbutton.

'. Choose the desired chart options in your spreadsheet.Click on @ext command.

D. Choose the desired location options in your spreadsheet.Click on @ext command.

+. Then click 2inish to end chart wi


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The following is the representation of above data in Piec!"rt type or an E(*edded C!"rt3


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CELL REFERENCINGThe intersection of a column and a row is called a C$)).$ach cell on the spreadsheet has a cell address that is the

column letter and row number. ( cell can contain number,text or alphanumeric values.

( reference identi6es a cell or a range of cells on aworksheet and tells M#$xcel where to look for the valuesor data you want to use in a formula. /ith references, onecan use data contained in di3erent parts of the worksheetin one formula or use the value from one cell in severalformulas. 0ne can also refer to cells on other sheets in the

same workbook, and to other workbooks. 1eferences tocells in other workbooks are called links.

Cell referencing is of t!reetypes"

. 1elative cell referencing%. (bsolute cell referencing


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=. Mixed cell referencing

1E)(TI-E CE44 REERENCING

This is the most widely used type of cell reference informulas. 1elative cell reference are basic cellreferences that adjust and change when copies or whenusing (uto 6ll.

or e5"(&le3

P%%, as shown above in the cell $%, changes toP== when copied across to the next cell.


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P%QC%, as shown above in the cell %, changes toP=QC= when copied across to the next cell.

ABSO4UTE CE44 REERENCING

#ituations arise in which the cell reference must remain the samewhen copied or when using (uto 6ll. R 0r dollar signs are used tohold a column and S or slash or row reference constant.

or e5"(&le3


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In the above example when calculating -(T amount fordi3erent commodities we don4t want cell D to changewhen copying the formula down. /e want both the

columns and the row to remain the same to refer tothat exact cell. y using RRD in the formula, neitherchanges when copied.

MIXE/ CE44 REERENCING

or e5"(&le3

0ne can also create a mixed reference, making part ofa cell address absolute and part relative, by locking ineither the column or the row. 8se mixed reference whenone to copy a formula a down and across and to have areference change relatively in one direction and not inthe other.


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CONTENTS: ABOUT POWERPOINT

FORMATTING SLIDE DESIGN

OBJECTS AND ANIMATION

SETTING THE SLIDE TIMINGS

MIC10#02T 70/$170I@T %&&'

7ower7oint is a complete presentation graphics package. Itgives you everything you need to produce a professionallooking presentation. 7ower7oint o3ers word processing,outlining, drawing, graphing, and presentation managementtools. It is much more userfriendly and intuitive layout thanits predecessors. Therefore it is a presentation package thatyou can use to produce with ease a series of slides or

overhead transparencies to make your presentationinteresting and e3ective.#tarting 7ower7oint"Click on the #tart button, point to 7rograms, followed byMicrosoft 0:ce and click on Microsoft 7ower7oint as shownbelow


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The Microsoft 7ower7oint screen


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(rrangement of Tools in 7ower7oint %&&'

The M# 0:ce utton contains the main 6le functions

@ew, 0pen, #ave, #ave as, 7rint, 7rint 7review, etc.

The uick (ccess Toolbar contains shortcuts to #ave, 8ndo,and 1epeat $ach 1ibbon Tab displays a 1ibbon that providesa set of Tool Broups.


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The 1ibbon Tab and the Tool Broups in the 1ibboncorrespond to the Menu and Toolbar in /ord %&&& and %&&=

The @ame of each Tool Broup is listed at the bottom of theBroup

$xample In the ;ome Tab, the third Tool Broup is named2ont

The name U2ontU is under the 2ont Tool Broup

To change the Tool Broups being displayed in the 1ibbon

Click on the appropriate 1ibbon Tab

$xample The ;ome Tab contains Tool Broups for themost commonly used Tools

Clipboard, 2ont, 7aragraph, and #tyle tools in /ord

#ome Tool Broup boxes have a small arrow in the bottomrighthand corner.

If you click on this arrow, 7ower7oint will open a ialogox which o3ers

More options and settings related to that Tool Broup


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In 7ower7oint %&&', you will 6nd that tools with similar usesare organi


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2ind your presentation in the N0penO window

7ower7oint%&&' will open 6les created with olderversions of 7ower7ointGQ.pptH as well as 7ower7oint%&&'

6les GQ.pptxH

0pen a 6le from a di3erent version or format"7ower7oint%&&' will automatically convert a document froma compatible version of 7ower7oint

*our document will open in Compatibility Mode.

This will prevent you from using certain tools in 0:ce%&&' which are not compatible with 0:ce %&&= or%&&&

/hen you 6nish editing a document be careful to saveany converted documents in their original format

#ave a document under a di3erent @ame, -ersion, or2ormat"M# 0:ce utton VV #ave (s..

In the bars at the bottom of the #ave (s.. sub window.. Bive your document a new name in N2ile @ameO.%. #elect the version and format from N#ave as typeO.


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#ave the current document

M# 0:ce utton VV #ave To save your 6le click #ave

(dd a @ew #lide"

;ome Tab VV#lides VV @ew #lide Click on @ew #lide utton. It adds a new slide in the

default layout. NTitle and ContentO


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Click on the arrow at the bottom corner of the @ew#lide button. *ou can select the slide layout from theefault esign 7allet

Click )ayout utton. *ou can select and change theslide layout.

Click elete utton to delete the current slides.

-iewing #lides in /orkspace

-iew Tab

)ayout of frames in N@ormal -iewO/hen you 6rst open a new presentation in 7ower7oint themain window has three framesO

The right biggest frame shows the Current #lide

The left frame has two tabs" #lide tab displays the slide as thumbnails 0utline tab displays a written outline of each slide

of your presentation

The bottom frame is for @otes to remind you the pointsfor each slide

The -iew Tabi3erent -iews allow you to manage di3erent aspects ofyour presentation.-iew Tab VV 7resentation -iews@ormal -iew"


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( window splits into #lide, @otes and the left frame whereyou can choose either #lides Thumbnails or #lides 0utline.(llows you to focus on a slide and see everything about the

slide at once.

#lide #orter"Bive thumbnails of all the slides in the presentation. )ets yousee the big picture. (llows you to#ort, move, add and delete slides easily. 8seful at the end ofthe project.


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@otes 7age"isplays the page layout of the notes and the slides. (llowsyou to rearrange the notes and compare them to the contentof your slide.


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Insert Tab

(dd Text with Text oxes";ome Tab VV rawing VVText oxIn 7ower7oint all text is contained in Text oxes.

Click on Text ox utton VV Click anywhere in the slide

rag circle corner points or s?uare side points of theText ox to change its si


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#elect the text box. The rawing Tools Tab appears.

Click on the 2ormat tab. 2ormat the selected text box inthe #hape #tyles"

o #hape 2ill" Changes the 6ll color.o #hape 0utline" Changes the color, width. )ine

styles of outline.o #hape $3ects" (pplies visual e3ects to the text

box.

2ormat text in Text ox

#elect and highlight the text in the text box.

Click on the ;ome Tab

In the 2ont Broup and 7aragraph Broup, you can formatthe 2ont, #i


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#elect the /ord(rt in the slide.

The rawing Tool Tab will appear at the right end of the1ibbon Tabs.

Click on the 2ormat Tab. 2ormat the selected /ord(rt in the /ord(rt #tyles

Broup.

(dd #hapes Insert Tab VVIllustration VV #hapes

Click on the shape button to see the list of the availableshapes

#elect the #hape.

Click on anywhere in the slide to insert the selected

shape.

2ormat #hapes

#elect the #hape. rawing Tool Tab appear

Click on the 2ormat tab. 2ormat the selected shape inthe #hape #tyles"

o

#hape 2ill" Changes the 6ll color.o #hape 0utline" Changes the color, width. )ine

styles of outline.o #hape $3ects" (pplies visual e3ects to the text

box.


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)ay one shape overS under another"

#elect the shape.

The rawing Tool Tab will appear. Click on the 2ormat tab. (rrange the order in the

(rrange Broup"o ring to the fronto #end to back.

Broup, (lign and 1otate #hapes"

/hile holding the shift key, click on the object you wish

to group. rawing Tool Tab appears. Click on the 2ormat tab.

To group the objects" Click on Broup button in (rrangeBroup.

To align the objects" Click on (lign button in (rrangeBroup.


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To rotate the objects" Click on 1otate button in (rrangeBroup.

#hapes in a group can still be move and edited individually,

and will continue to correspond to their group after beingchanged.

(dd an image from a 6leInsert Tab VVIllustration VV7ictures

2ind the picture 6le you want to insert in the browserwindow.

(dd an image from Clip (rt

Insert Tab VVIllustration VV Clip (rt#earch for the Clip (rt and other media in the righthandsearch panel.Check inO $verywhereO box under N#earch inO for moreextensive results.

2ormat an image and Clip (rt2ormatting process is basically the same as formatting NtextboxO, N/ord (rtO or N#hapeO.

#elect objects Gimage or clip artH. 7icture Tool Tabappears.

2ormat objects using (djust Broup, 7icture #tyle Broupsand (rrange Broup.

Move 0bjects.

2ormatting #lide esign


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esign Tab

Change the ackgroundesign Tabs VVackground VVackground #tyles

Click on the 2ormat ackground button at the bottom.

2ormat ackground window appears.o *ou can set the color, solid or gradient,

transparency or choose pictureStexture 6ll.o Click on Close button to apply changes only to the

current slide.o Click on (pply to (ll to apply changes to the entire

slide

Change the Themeesign TabsVVThemes

Move the mouse over the theme button to previewdi3erent themes on your current slide.

Click on any theme button to choose the theme, whichwill be applied to all the slides in your presentation.

Colors" Changes the color scheme of the current theme.

2onts" Changes the font of the current theme

$3ects" Changes the e3ects of the current theme

2ormatting 7resentation in #lide MasterThe #lide Master acts as a template for your entirepresentation. (ltering anything on the slide master will

change it for all the slides in your presentation.-iew Tab


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0pen the #lide Master"-iew Tab VV7resentation -iews VV#lide Master

#lide Master Tab appears on the lefthand side of ;omeTab

$dit the #lide Master"Click on the #lide Master Tab provides a set of #lide Master

2ormatting groups"

$dit Master

Master )ayout

$dit Theme

ackground

7age #etup

Close click on close button to go back to the @ormal-iew

0bjects and (nimation(nimation Tab


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Create Custom animation e3ects for objects"(nimation Tab VV(nimations VV Custom (nimation

Custom (nimation 7anel appears on the right hand sideof the current slide.

#elect the object you wish to apply animation

Click the add $3ect button and choose the animationstyle.

2re?uentlyused e3ects are found in N$ntranceOstyles in the menu.

Click the 7lay button to preview the animation.

Modify (nimation $3ects and order of (nimated 0bjects Customi


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o #elect the object under the list Modifyo ;old on the mouse and bring up or down to

change the order of objects.

Create a #lide Transition"#lide transitions are animation e3ects that appear betweenslides. /hile they look fancy, these transitions can bedistracting if overused. If it often good to keep this kind ofanimation to a minimum.

(nimation Tab VV(nimations VV Transition to this slide

Move the cursor over the transition buttons to previewthe e3ects. Click on the transition e3ect button to apply the slide

transition e3ect.

Click on Transition #ound button to apply sound e3ectfor transition.

Click on Transition #peed button to adjust the speed.

Click on (pply to (ll to apply the same transition e3ectto all the slides.

Change the 0rder of #lides" -iew Tab VV7resentation -iews VV #lide #orter

o Change the order of slides

#elect the #lides tab in the left frame in the @ormal-iew. *ou can see the thumbnails of the slides in yourpresentation.

o rag up and down to change the order of slide.

Make @otes"/rite notes in the bottom frame in the @ormal -iew.

To print your notes" 0:ce utton VV 7rint VV 7rint /hat

#elect N@ote 7agesO.


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7resent the #lide #how"

. Manual 7resentation-iew Tab VV7resentation -iews VV #lide #how

To move to the next slide in your presentation"

Click the left mouse button.

;it the spacebar.

8se the arrow keys of keyboard. 8p and left goback, right and down go forward.

%. (utomatic 7resentation(nimation Tab VV(nimations VV Transition to this

slideVV (dvance #lide Click on the check box for N(utomatically (fterO.

#et the time to automatically change to the nextslide after certain duration of time.

8seful while time constraint factor or when topresent in a movie style.

#etting the slide timings"

2or setting time gap between every slide you have to set theslide timings. 7erform the following steps to do so"

. #elect slide show option from main menu.%. Click 1ehearse timing option.


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=. The clock shows the time for every slide to be

displayed.

J. Click next4 button from the rehearse toolbar to set the

time for the next slide.

K. (fter the timing for the last slide is set, a dialogue box

is displayed. This shows the total time for the entire

presentation. It has been shown below"


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L. Click on the yes4 button.


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INTRO/UCTION

There are many accounting packages are available in themarket, Tally remains the undisputed king of all 6nancialaccounting packages available in India. Tally is capable ofhandling any kind of transaction we would need, whateverour business. In order to use tally, we neither need to learnnew accounting methods nor should change our existingstyle of handling accounts. The information can be fed aswell retrieved at random and all human errors can becorrected.

( transaction in accounting terminology means transfer ofmoney or money4s worth from one party to another, forexample sale of goods, purchase of furniture etc. areexamples of transactions. 2undamentally there are twosystems of transactions" 7re transaction and posttransaction. )et us explore it in detail, assume that wehave to make payment to a party, in pre transaction, this isdone by 6rst creating a voucher, which is signed by payee

and then the transaction is completed by actually makingthe pay creation of internal entries in case of completedtransactions. The post transaction system follows thetraditional practice of entering a voucher or cash bill into acash book after the payment has been made. Tally is a posttransaction system. It follows the traditional methods ofaccounting, that is, the payment is 6rst made on the basis


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of existing accounting methods Gi.e., against a voucher or acash billH and that information is fed into the Tally. Thesimple fact that your existing system of accounting

remains untouched by Tally is a big reason behind thesuccess of this package.

07$1(TI0@ 02 T())*The area of the Tally is very wide, we could be the owner,6nancial controller, accountant, manager or an auditor. (llthat is re?uired to learn Tally is fundamental knowledge ofaccounts and familiarity with basic accounting terminology.

This means that we should understand certain basic termslike an account, a debtor, a creditor, assets, liabilities,capital etc.

-$1#I0@#

Tally is a Multi dimensional software it keeps on updatingitself by latest changes taking place in the commerceworld. In market many version of tally are available and thelatest version +.& do comply with -(TG-alue (dded TaxHaccounting and reporting.

In order to e5&l"in t!e ,or+in% o) t"ll' ,e need tot"+e $& "n e5"(&le re%"rdin% %ener"l tr"n#"ction o)"n' enter&ri#e.


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B(T$/(* 02 T())* GT;$ (CT8()/01 (1$(H

It is the area in which we actually work. /e can activatethis area either by clicking any where in this area or bypressing XCtrlV E XMV key combination.

(lthough Tally supports mouse commands, we can executeall commands in plain $nglish from the keyboard by typingthem in this area. /e can activate this area either by clicking

anywhere in this area or by pressing XCtrlV E X@V keycombinationBateway of tally screen contains ' major areas.

7roduct info

;ori


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To create a company pro6le in tally, click create company atcompany info menu to get company creation screen.

0nce we have created a company then we are ready formaintaining account for the company.


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/e have to feed all the information given in above 6gureand then save it.

(fter creation of Company its time to create (ccounts sothat transaction can be entered.

Acco$nt Cre"tion

In order to create accounts in tally. There is an optionknown as (ccount Info. through which ledgers are created.Bo to (ccount Info. #elect )edger #elect Create and typethe (ccount which we want to create and select the groupunder which we want the )edger.

2or example if Capital (ccount Is to be Created TypeCapital (ccount #elect group Capital (nd (cceptYe#


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/e can also (lter the ledger by using (ccount Info. A)edgers A (lter.

This is how all accounts are Created. In Tally two accountsare always available Cash 9 7ro6tS)oss (Sc

2o$c!er#

-oucher $ntry in tally is the most visited area by the userand is key to all business information. ( voucher Galso

called a journalH is a document containing the details oftransaction. 2or every transaction we do, we enter avoucher in Tally. The voucher entry option at the Batewayof Tally enables us to make our daytoday entries .

The right side Gof the userH on the screen displays a list ofvouchers that maybe utili


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Common Information in -oucher creation #creen

T'&e o) 2o$c!er3 (ll screens at the top left ofvoucher box display the Type of -oucher4 we are enteringlike, 7urchase, 7ayment etc. /e can change this type bypressing the relevant key. In all there are L voucherswhich can be used for recording transactions 9 some areoptional.


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/"te o) 2o$c!er3 The top right of the voucherbox displays the date of voucher and the day of the week!this date indicates the current date on which we areentering the voucher. The same date appears as thecurrent date at the Bateway of Tally. /e can change dateby pressing :8;ey.

P"rtic$l"r3 In accounting vouchers this columncontains the information about the ledgers we debit orcredit. /hen To or Cr is displayed, specify the ledger to

credit. /hen y or r is displayed, specify the ledger todebit.

/e*it


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Contr" 2o$c!er ?S!ort C$t +e' @

This voucher is used for fund transfers between cash andbank accounts only. 8sing this voucher we can account forcash deposits into banks, cash withdrawals from bank andfund transfers between two bank accounts or cashaccounts.

P"'(ent 2o$c!er ?S!ortc$t Ke'

This voucher is used for all payments we make throughcash or bank. These payments can be forwards expenses,

purchases, to trade creditors etc.2or example payment ofsalary in above $xample.


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Recei&t 2o$c!er ?S!ort C$t Ke'

This voucher is used for all receipts into cash or bankaccounts. The voucher is similar to the payment voucherexcept that we debit cash or bank account and credit theledger from which we receive. 2or $xample Cash sales inabove $xample.


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S"le# 2o$c!er ?S!ort C$t Ke' D

This voucher needed only if we do not make sale entrythrough invoice. In case we are not using invoice, we canenter ou sales as sale voucher and print it out as an

invoice.


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P$rc!"#e 2o$c!er ?S!ort C$t Ke'

This voucher is similar to the sale voucher with theexception that we credit the seller and debit the purchaseaccount.

Fo$rn"l 2o$c!er?S!ort c$t +e'

( Wournal voucher is an adjustment voucher. Thus allamounts to be adjusted between two accounts are passedas a journal. y the term adjustment, we mean that nophysical movement of funds takes place. 2or exampletreatment of depreciation will be done through this voucher

because no movement of funds is there.


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/i#&l"' O&tion

The purpose of putting in all our data is to present them inthe traditional form of accounting. Tally has been designedto make this task easy. In order to get any report all we

have to do is to enter vouchers. Tally gives us maximumbene6t of the data that has been entered throughvouchers. It takes care of all reporting based on thesetransactions and automatically presents them incomprehensible format. (ll these reports are up to date astally displays these reports as the last voucher entered./e can view reports like the Trial alance, 7ro6t and )oss(ccount, alance #heet, #tock statement, )edger 9#ummaries, #ales, 7urchase and other registers, Cash and2und 2low #tatements, Cost Centre (nalysis and what not.(ll these reports re?uire no additional e3ort on our part.0nce we have entered the vouchers, based on theinformation in these vouchers, Tally automaticallygenerates all these reports.2ollowing are some of the reports generated by Tally"


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Wust press enter on the isplay option on the Bateway ofTally. 2ollowing menu will displayed.

$ach area is grouped separately into books and

statements. 2or example, (ccount ooks and #tatementsof (ccounts, Inventory books and #tatements of Inventory.The ay ook contains all the vouchers that have beenentered till date Gboth inventory and accountingH. ;oweverwe are permitted to restrict the amount of information wewish to see by using the change period option.#ome of the option in the isplay menu bring up othermenus. 2or example, the option (ccount ooks brings upthe =Acco$nt Boo+#>in following menu.


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2ie,in% B"l"nce S!eet

( alance sheet is a statement of the 6nancial position of acompany in terms of the capital, assets and liabilities of abusiness entry. (t the =G"te,"' o) T"ll'>select alance #heetoption. It displays the closing balances of the primary groups)iabilities and (ssets.


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The liabilities include the Capital (ccount, Current )iabilities,)oan )iabilities, @et 7ro6t Gif anyH and any other primary groupthat we created as liability.

(ssets include the 2ixed (ssets, Current (ssets, Investments,)oans and (dvances, Miscellaneous $xpenses and @et )oss Gif

anyH.To see detailed 1eport 7ressX(ltV E X2V

/e can alter the balance sheet periodically, Column wise etc.

2ie,in% Prot And 4o## Acco$nt

The next option at the =G"te,"' o) T"ll'>Menu after balance

sheet is 7ro6t and )oss (ccount. In order to view the 7ro6t and)oss (ccount of a Company make sure that the =G"te,"' o)T"ll'>menu is active. 7ress the X7V key. This will bring up thepro6t and loss (ccount of the 6nancial *ear on the screen.


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2or detailed information press X(ltVEX2V

2ie,in% Tri"l B"l"nce

The alance on an account is the di3erence between the6gures posted on each side of it, i.e. the di3erencebetween the total of the debit side and the total of thecredit side. (t the end of an accounting period all theaccounts are balanced and the balances listed. oth sides

of this list, called the trial balance, should balance.ecause of the duality concept, every debit should have acredit. The Trial alance option displays the Trial alance ofthe company as the last voucher we entered.


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2or detailed Trial alance 7ressX(lt E 2V keycombinations.

*ou can (lso view each and every )edger and ooks of(ccounts.

T!e #toc+ #$(("r'3#tock summary can be viewed under reports in the

gateway of tally. It is as shown below"


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T!e d"' *oo+3

The daybook as on a particular day can be seen by selecting

it from the display option in the gateway of tally. ay book

for S&JS%&&D is as shown below"


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THE CASH


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THE SA4ES REGISTER3


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isual asic is a high level programming language evolved from a earlier0# version called (#IC. (#IC means eginners (ll7urpose #ymbolicInstruction Code4. It is an easy to learn 7rogramming language. The codeslook a bit like $nglish )anguage. i3erent software companies produced

di3erent version of (#IC, such as Microsoft (#IC, B/(#IC, IM (#IC(and so on.

-I#8() (#IC is a -I#8() and $ventsdriven 7rogramming )anguage. Theseare the main divergence from the old (#IC. In (#IC, 7rogramming is donein a textonly environment and the program is executed se?uentially. In-I#8() (#IC, programming is done in a graphical environment. ecauseusers may click on any object randomly, so each object has to beprogrammed independently to be able to respond to those actions GeventsH

Therefore, a -I#8() (#IC program is made up of many subprograms, eachhas its own program codes, and each can be executed independently andat the same time, each can be linked with others in one way or another.

/ith -isual asic you can develop /indows based applications and games.-isual asic is much easier to learn than any other language Glike -isual CEEH, and yet itYs a very powerful and enhanced programming language.

-isual asic is more suitable for (pplication developing than for Bamesdeveloping. *ou can create sophisticated games using -isual asic. ut if

you want to make a really advanced professional game like uake %, youmay choose other language Glike CEEH, that would be much more harder toprogram with. ;owever, -isual asic will be probably powerful enough tosuit all your application and games programming needs.

-isual asic can create executables G.$F$ 6lesH, )) 6les, but is primarilyused to develop /indows applications and to interface web database


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systems. ialog boxes with less functionality Ge.g., no maximi


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THE DISADVANTAGES OF VISUAL BASIC

ARE:

aH -isual asic is a powerful language, but itYs not suitable forprogramming really sophisticated games.

bH ItYs much slower than other languages.

WHAT ARE VARIABLES%

8sing -ariables is one of the most basic and important subjects inprogramming, so this lesson is very important. -ariables are destined to

save data. *ou can save in variable Text or number.

For e!"#$e3*ou can have one variable that holds the Text U;ello and BoodbyeU

and have another variable that holds the number L%=DD%. *ou canthink about variables as a cabinetYs drawers. $very drawer has asticker on it with its uni?ue name. *ou can put in each one of thedrawers one number or one text #tring. uring your program, youcan open the drawer with the sticker UThe 8ser @ameU and get thetext string that found inside the drawer. *ou can also delete the textstring that found inside the drawer and put instead of it other textstring.

T!ere "re t,o T'&e# "ri"*le t'&e# 3


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1& INTEGER3Integer variable can store an Integer number Ground number

without any fractionH between =%,'LD to =%,'L'*ou can store in Integer variable the number & or the number ='Korthe number JL, but you canYt store the number J.K Gecause of the.KHor the number &&,&&& Gecause ItYs bigger than =%'L'H or thenumber K&,&J% Gecause itYs smaller than =%,'LDH

2.STRING:

*ou can store in #tring variable any text that you wantE!"#$%U;elloU or UabcefBhIjk%=JKL >RZ[\]]]...U


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THE VISUAL BASIC ENVIRONMENT:

!ool $o%

Pro&ect '%plorer

(indow

Properties(indow

)orm *ayout(indow

!ool $o%)orm +esigner (indow


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ABOUT THE PROJECT


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The following form has been designed to calculate the tax of anindividual person Gmale, female or senior citi


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T'e (o$$o)*+, o""!+./ )ere 0/e. *+ 'e.e/*,+*+, o( '*/ *+er(!e-

im I, ?, p (s ouble7rivate #ub Text^Change GHI P -al GText.TextH$nd #ub7rivate #ub 0ption^Click GHIf I V & (nd I XP K&&&& Then

p P &$lseIf I V K&&&& (nd I XP =&&&&& Thenp P GI K&&&&H Q &.$lseIf I V =&&&&& (nd I XP K&&&&& Thenp P GK&&&& Q &.H E GI =&&&&&H Q &.%$lse7 P GK&&&& Q &.H E G%&&&&& Q &.%H E GI K&&&&&H Q &.=$nd If$nd If

$nd If$nd #ub7rivate #ub 0ption%^Click GHIf I V & (nd I XP D&&&& Then7 P &$lseIf I V D&&&& (nd I XP =&&&&& Then7 P GI D&&&&H Q &.$lseIf I V =&&&&& (nd I XP K&&&&& Then7 P G%&&&& Q &.H E GI =&&&&&H Q &.%

$lse7 P G%&&&& Q &.H E G%&&&&& Q &.%H E GGI K&&&&&H Q &.=H$nd If$nd If$nd If$nd #ub

7rivate #ub 0ption=^Click GH


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If I V & (nd I XP %%K&&& Then7 P &$lseIf I V %%K&&& (nd I XP =&&&&& Then7 P GI 'K&&&H Q &.$lseIf I V =&&&&& (nd I XP K&&&&& Then7 P G'K&&& Q &.H E GI =&&&&&H Q &.%$lse7 P G'K&&& Q &.H E G%&&&&& Q &.%H E GGI K&&&&&H Q &.=H$nd If$nd If$nd If$nd #ub

7rivate #ub Command^Click GH)abel'.Caption P pIf I VP &&&&&& Then P G& S &&H Q p$lse P &$nd If)abelD.Caption P ?)abel+.Caption P &.&= Q Gp E ?H)abel&.Caption P p E ? E G&.&= Q Gp E ?HH$nd #ub


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The contents of the project have been designedusing following software4s and books"

MS-Ee$ 2

MS-Wor. 24

T!$$ 6&

MS-V*/0!$ B!/*

Mo.0$e/ O( ITT

I+er+e


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,-. ABOUT /IGITA4 SIGNATURES 31

MEANING 31

igital #ignature Certi6cates G#CH are the digital e?uivalentGthat is electronic formatH of physical or paper certi6cates.

The Information Technology (ct, %&&& says that a digitalcerti6cate can be presented electronically to prove youridentity, to access information or services on the Internet orto sign certain documents digitally. This is the only secureand authentic way that a document can be submitted


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electronically. Certi6cates serve as proof of identity of anindividual for a certain purpose.

PURPOSE 31( signature is not part of the substance of a transaction, butrather of its representation or form. #igning writing servesthe following general purposes"

iH E2I/ENCE"

( signature authenticates writing by identifying the signerwith the signed document. /hen the signer makes a mark in adistinctive manner, the writing becomes attributable to thesigner.

iiH CEREMONY"

The act of signing a document calls to the signers attentionthe legal signi6cance of the signer4s act, and thereby helpsprevent Ninconsiderate engagementsO.

iiiH APPRO2A4 "

In certain context de6ned by the law or custom, a signatureexpresses the signer4s approval or authori


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REUIREMENT 31)ike physical documents are signed manually, electronic

documents, for example eforms are re?uired to be signeddigitally using a igital #ignature Certi6cate.

/IERENT TYPES O /SC>S31

The di3erent types of igital #ignature Certi6cates are"

Cl"## J1;ere, the owner4s email address is veri6ed.

Cl"## 81;ere, the identity of a person is veri6ed against a trusted,preveri6ed database.

Cl"## 1This is the highest level where the person needs to presenthimself or herself in front of a 1egistration (uthority G1(H andprove hisS her identity.

?B ABOUT /IGITA4 CERTIICATES31

MEANING31

igital certi6cates are the electronic counterparts todriver license, passports and membership cards. igitalcerti6cates bind an identity to a pair of electronic keysthat can be used to encrypt and sign digital information. (igital Certi6cate makes it possible to verify someone4s

claims that they have a right to use a given key, helpingto prevent people from using phony keys to impersonateother users.

A /i%it"l Certic"te t'&ic"ll' cont"in#31

0wner4s public key


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0wner4s @ame $xpiration date of the public key @ame of the issuer Gthe C( that issued the igital

Certi6cateH #erial @umber of the igital Certi6cate igital signature of the issuer

REUIREMENT 31

igital Certi6cates can be used for a variety of electronictransactions including email, electronic commerce,groupware and electronic funds transfers. @etscape4spopular $nterprise #erver re?uires a igital Certi6cate foreach secure server.

2or example, a customer shopping at an electronic mall runby @etscape4s server re?uests the digital Certi6cate of theserver to authenticate the identity of the mall operator andthe content provided by the merchant. /ithoutauthenticating the server, the shopper should not trust theoperator or merchant with sensitive information like a creditcard number. The igital Certi6cate is instrumental inestablishing a secure channel for communicating anysensitive information back to the mall operator.

/IERENT TYPES O /IGITA4 CERTIICATES31

Certifying authorities provide issuing, revocation , and statusservices for three types of igitalCerti6cates"

Serer Certic"te#31


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These enable web servers to operate in a secure mode. (#erver Certi6cate unambiguously identi6es your server and

encrypts any information passed between the server and aweb browser.

/eelo&er Certic"te#31

These are used in conjunction with Microsoft(uthenticode TM Technology Gsoftware -alidationHprovide customers with the information and assurancethey need when downloading software from the

Internet.

Per#on"l /i%it"l Certic"te#31

These are used by individuals when they exchangemessages with other users or online services.

/ESCRIPTION31

igital certi6cates is electronic record, which lists a

public key as the NsubjectO of the certi6cate, andcon6rms that the prospective signer identi6ed in thecerti6cate holds the corresponding private key. Theprospective signer is termed the subscriberO. (certi6cate4s principal function is to bind a key pair with aparticular subscriber. ( NrecipientO of the certi6catedesiring to rely upon a digital signature created by thesubscriber named in the certi6cate Gwhereupon therecipient becomes a Nrelying partyOH can use the public

key listed in the certi6cate to verify that the digitalsignature was created with the corresponding privatekey.

If such veri6cation is successful, this chain of reasoningprovides assurance that the corresponding private key isheld by the subscriber named in the certi6cate, and that


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the digital signature was created by that particularsubscriber.

To make a public key and its identi6cation with aspeci6c subscriber readily available for use inveri6cation, the certi6cate may be published in arepository or made available by other means.1epositories are online databases of certi6cates andother information available for retrieval and use inverifying digital signatures. 1etrieval can beaccomplished automatically by having the certi6cationprogram directly in?uire of the repository to obtaincerti6cates as needed.

.

0ORKING O A /IGITA4SIGNATURE31

USE O A /IGITA4 SIGNATURE31

The use of a igital signature basically involves twoprocesses, one performed by the signer and the other by thereceiver of the digital signature"

igital #ignature creation uses a hash result derivedfrom and uni?ue to both the signed message and a


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given private key. 2or the hash result to be secure,there must be only a negligible possibility that thesame digital signature could be created by the

combination of any other message or the privatekey.

igital #ignature veri6cation is the process ofchecking the igital #ignature by reference to theoriginal message and a given public key, therebydetermining whether the digital signature was createdfor that same message using the private key thatcorresponds to the referenced public key.

2ERIICATION O A /IGITA4 SIGNATURE31

The -eri6cation of a igital #ignature is accomplished

by computing a new hash result of the original messageby means of the same hash function used to create thedigital #ignature.

COST O OBTAINING A /IGITA4

SIGNATURE CERTIICATE31

The cost of obtaining a digital signature certi6cate may varyas there are many entities issuing #Cs and their chargesmay di3er"


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4EGA4 CONSI/ERATIONS31

(s the volume and regularity of electronic transactions

grow, society needs viable and implementable rules and

regulations to ensure that agreements or transactions made

electronically are legally enforceable. The emergence of

electronic commerce is challenging our legal assumptions of

how a transaction is consummated and placing the current

body of law under some stress. #o long as businesspeopleremain unsure of the enforceability of computeri


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(s a result, there is a vast increase in reliability by the

inclusion of a digital signature. Indeed, such records are

more secure than any hardcopy counterpart since not even

the most determined computer expert is likely to succeed in

deciphering encrypted code.

2inally, states that vote to recogni


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new microsoft office word document (2).doc

Documents