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8/13/2019 News Even Tools

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What are the

New Seven Management Tools Affinity Diagrams

Inter Relationship Digragph

Tree Diagrams

Prioritization Matrix

Matrix DiagramProcess Decision Program Charts

Activity Network Diagram


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History of theNew Seven Q.C. Tools

Committee of J.U.S.E. - 1972

Aim was to develop more QCtechniques with design approach

Work in conjunction with original BasicSeven Tools

New set of methods (N7) - 1977

Slide 1 0f 2


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History of theNew Seven Q.C. Tools

Developed to organize verbal data

diagrammatically.Basic 7 tools effective for data analysis,process control, and quality

improvement (numerical data)Used together increases TQMeffectiveness

Slide 2 0f 2


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What are the Basic Seven Q.C. Tools?

Flow Charts

Run Charts

Histograms

Pareto Diagrams

Cause and Effect DiagramsScatter Diagrams

Control Charts


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Relation Between New SevenQ.C. Tools and Basic Seven

Tools

FACTS

Data

Numerical Data Verbal Data

Organize

The Seven New Tools

Information

The Basic Seven Tools

Generate Ideas

Formulate plans Analytical approach

Define problem aftercollecting numerical data

Define problem beforecollecting numerical data

Source: Nayatani, Y.,The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation,


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Enhanced Capabilities

Generate ideasImprove planning

Eliminate errors and omissionsExplain problems intelligiblySecure full cooperation

Persuade powerfully

Benefits of IncorporatingNew Seven Mgt Tools

Organize verbal data

Slide 1 0f 4


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Enhanced Keys to Organizational Reform

Clarify the desired situationPrioritize tasks effectively

Proceed systematically Anticipate future eventsChange proactively

Get things right the first time

Benefits of IncorporatingNew Seven Q.C. Tools

Assess situations from various angles

Slide 2 0f 4


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Five Objectives of Organizational Reform

which will establish a Culture that:

Gives importance to planning

Stresses the importance of the processPrioritizes tasksEncourages everyone to think

systematically

Benefits of IncorporatingNew Seven Q.C. Tools

Slide 3 0f 4

Identifies problems


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Benefits of IncorporatingNew Seven Mgt Tools

Unstructured Problem [must be put into solvable form]

Problem is mapped

Problem becomesobvious to all

Problem is in solvable form

Slide 4 0f 4

The Seven New Tools

Thoughts areeasily organized

Things go well

People understand problem

Cooperation isobtained

Countermeasuresare on target

Problem becomesobvious to all

Nub of problemis identified

Problem can beclearly articulated

Plans areeasily laid

Nothing isomitted

Source: Nayatani, Y.,The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 19


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Affinity Diagrams

For Pinpointing the Problem in a ChaoticSituation and Generating Solution Strategies

Gathers large amounts of intertwinedverbal data (ideas, opinions, issues)

Organizes the data into groups basedon natural relationshipMakes it feasible for further analysis

and to find a solution to the problem.

Slide 1 0f 7


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Affinity Diagrams

Advantages of Affinity Diagrams Facilitates breakthrough thinking andstimulate fresh ideasPermits the problem to be pinned downaccurately

Ensures everyone clearly recognizes theproblemIncorporates opinions of entire group

Slide 2 0f 7


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Affinity Diagrams

Advantages of Affinity Diagrams (cont.) Fosters team spiritRaises everyones level of awareness Spurs to the group into action

Slide 3 0f 7

Topic

Affinity StatementData CardData Card

Data CardData Card


Data CardData Card


Data Card


Data CardData Card

Data Card Data Card


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Affinity Diagrams

Constructing an Affinity DiagramGroup Method Approach

Slide 4 0f 7

Select a topic Collect verbal data by brainstormingDiscuss info collected until everyone

understands it thoroughlyWrite each item on separate data cardSpread out all cards on table


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Affinity Diagrams

Constructing an Affinity DiagramGroup Method Approach (cont.)

Slide 5 0f 7

Move data cards into groups of similarthemes (natural affinity for each other)Combine statements on data cards to

new Affinity statementMake new card with Affinity statementContinue to combine until less than 5groups


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Affinity Diagrams

Constructing an Affinity DiagramGroup Method Approach (cont.)

Slide 6 0f 7

Lay the groups outs, keeping the affinityclusters together

Next, complete the diagram


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Affinity Diagrams

Completing an Affinity DiagramSlide 7 0f 7

Topic Affinity Statement

Data CardData Card

Data CardData Card

Affinity Statement

Data CardData Card

Data CardData Card

Affinity Statement

Data CardData Card

Data Card

Affinity Statement

Data CardData Card

Data CardData Card

Data Card Data Card



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New Seven Mgt Tools

Relations Diagrams

For Finding Solutions Strategies by ClarifyingRelationships with Complex Interrelated Causes

Resolves tangled issues by unravelingthe logical connection

Allows for Multi -directional thinkingrather than linear

Also known as Interrelationship

diagrams

Slide 1 0f 7


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Relations Diagrams

Advantages of Relations Diagrams (cont.) Makes the problem recognizable by

clarifying the relationships among causes

Slide 3 0f 7

Why doesnt X happen?

Primary Cause

Primary Cause

Primary Cause

Primary Cause

TertiaryCause

Secondary

Cause

SecondaryCause

SecondaryCause

Secondary

Cause

TertiaryCause

4th levelCause

TertiaryCause

TertiaryCause

4th levelCause 5th levelCause

6th levelCause

TertiaryCause

SecondaryCause


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Relations Diagrams

Constructing a Relations DiagramGroup Method Approach

Slide 4 0f 7

Express the problem in form of Whyisnt something happening? Each member lists 5 causes affectingproblem

Discuss info collected until everyoneunderstands it thoroughly

Write each item on a card


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Relations Diagrams

Constructing a Relations DiagramGroup Method Approach (cont.)

Slide 5 0f 7

Move cards into similar groups Asking why, explore the cause-effectrelationships, and divide the cards into

primary, secondary and tertiary causesConnect all cards by these relationshipsFurther discuss until all possible causes

have been identified


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Relations Diagrams

Constructing a Relations DiagramGroup Method Approach (cont.)

Slide 6 0f 7

Connect all related groups


Review whole diagram looking forrelationships among causes


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Relations Diagrams

Completing a Relations DiagramSlide 7 0f 7

Why doesnt X happen?

Primary Cause

Primary Cause

Primary Cause

Primary Cause

TertiaryCause

SecondaryCause

SecondaryCause

Secondary

Cause

SecondaryCause

TertiaryCause

4th levelCause

TertiaryCause

TertiaryCause

4th level

Cause5th level

Cause

6th levelCause

TertiaryCause

SecondaryCause



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New Seven Mgt Tools

Tree Diagrams

For Systematically Pursuing the Best Strategiesfor Attaining an Objective

Develops a succession of strategies forachieving objectives

Reveals methods to achieve the results. Also known as Systematic diagrams orDendrograms

Slide 1 0f 5


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Tree Diagrams

Advantages of Tree Diagrams Systematic and logical approach is less

likely that items are omittedFacilitates agreement among team

Are extremely convincing with strategies

Slide 2 0f 5

ToAccomplish

Primary means

Constraints

Secondary means

Secondary means3rd means3rd means3rd means

3rd means

4th means4th means

4th means4th means4th means4th means4th means


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Discuss means of achieving objective(primary means, first level strategy)

New Seven Mgt Tools

Tree Diagrams

Constructing a Tree DiagramGroup Method Approach

Slide 3 0f 5

Write Relations Diagram topic (Objectivecard)

Identify constraints on how objectivecan be achieved

Take each primary mean, write objective for achieving it (secondary means)


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Tree Diagrams

Constructing an Tree DiagramGroup Method Approach (cont.)

Slide 4 0f 5

Continue to expand to the fourth levelReview each system of means in bothdirections (from objective to means and means toobjective)

Add more cards if neededConnect all levels



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New Seven Mgt Tools

Tree Diagrams

Completing a Tree Diagram Slide 5 0f 5

ToAccomplish

3rd means

3rd means

Primary means

3rd means

3rd means

Constraints Primary means

Secondary means

Secondary means

Secondary means

Secondary means

3rd means

3rd means

3rd means

3rd means

4th means

4th means

4th means

4th means

4th means

4th means

4th means

4th means

4th means

4th means

4th means

4th means

Source: Nayatani, Y.,The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Matrix Diagrams

For Clarifying Problems by ThinkingMultidimensionally

Consists of a two-dimensional array todetermine location and nature ofproblemDiscovers key ideas by relationshipsrepresented by the cells in matrix.

Slide 1 0f 7


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Matrix Diagrams

Advantages of Matrix Diagrams

Enable data on ideas based on extensiveexperienceClarifies relationships among differentelements

Makes overall structure of problemimmediately obviousCombined from two to four types of

diagrams, location of problem is clearer.

Slide 2 0f 7


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Matrix Diagrams

Advantages of Matrix Diagrams (cont.) 5 types: L-shaped, T-shaped, Y-shaped, X-

shaped, and C-shaped

Slide 3 0f 7

O O =1 O =4 PrincipalO =2 O X =5 O Subsidia ry

=3 X =6

E f f i c a c y

P r a c

t i c a

b i l i t y

R a n

k

S i t e

Q C c

i r c

l e

S e c

t i o n

/ P l a n

t

Q C c

i r c l e s u p p o r t e r

S e c

t i o n

/ P l a n

t

M a n a g e r

L e a

d e r

M e m

b e r

4th level meansfrom Tree diagram O O 1 O

4th level meansfrom Tree diagram O O 1 O Hold 4 times/month

4th level meansfrom Tree diagram O 3 O At every meeting

4th level meansfrom Tree diagram O 2 O

4th level meansfrom Tree diagram O X 5 O At least 3 times/y ear/person

4th level means

from Tree diagram O O 1 O O4th level means

from Tree diagram 4 O

Evaluation Responsibilities

Remarks


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Matrix Diagrams

Constructing a Matrix DiagramSlide 4 0f 7

Write final-level means from Treediagram forming vertical axisWrite in Evaluation categories (efficacy,practicability, and rank) on horizontal axis.

Write names along horizontal axis

Examine final-level means to identifywhom will implement them


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Matrix Diagrams

Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.) Slide 5 0f 7

Label group of columns as Responsibilities

Label right-hand end of horizontal axisas Remarks Examine each cell and insert the

appropriate symbol:Efficacy: O=good, =satisfactory, X=none

Practicability: O=good, =satisfactory, X=none


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Matrix Diagrams

Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.) Slide 6 0f 7

Fill out remarks column and recordmeanings of symbol


Examine cells under Responsibility Columns, insert double-circle for

Principal and single-circle for Subsidiary

Determine score for each combinationof symbols, record in rank column


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Arrow Diagrams

For Working Out Optimal Schedules andControlling Them Effectively

Shows relationships among tasksneeded to implement a planNetwork technique using nodes forevents and arrows for activitiesUsed in PERT (Program Evaluation and Review

Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method)

Slide 1 0f 7


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New Seven MgtTools

Arrow Diagrams

Advantages of Arrow Diagrams Allows overall task to viewed and potentialsnags to be identified before work startsLeads to discovery of possibleimprovements

Makes it easy to monitor progress of workDeals promptly with changes to planImproves communication among team

Slide 2 0f 7


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Arrow Diagrams

Advantages of Arrow Diagrams (cont.) Promotes understanding and agreement

among group

Slide 3 0f 7

Strategy

1

Constraints

Activity

2

4

3 5 9

6 8

7

10 13

12

11


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Arrow Diagrams

Constructing an Arrow DiagramSlide 4 0f 7

From strategies on Tree diagram, selectone (Objective of Arrow Diagram) Identify constraints to Objective

Write all essential activities on separatecards

List all activities necessary to achievingObjective


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New Seven MgtTools

Arrow Diagrams

Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.) Slide 5 0f 7

Organize cards in sequential order of

activitiesRemove any duplicate activitiesReview order of activities, find

sequence with greatest amount ofactivities Arrange parallel activities


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Arrow Diagrams

Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.) Slide 6 0f 7

Record names and other necessaryinformation


Examine path, number nodes insequence from left to right


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New Seven Mgt Tools

Arrow Diagrams

Completing an Arrow Diagram Slide 7 0f 7

Strategy

1

Constraints

Activity

2

4

3 5 9

6 8

7

10 13

12

11

Source: Nayatani, Y.,The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)

New Seven Mgt Tools


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g

Process Decisions ProgramCharts

For Producing the Desired Result from ManyPossible Outcomes

Used to plan various contingenciesUsed for getting activities back on track

Steers events in required direction ifunanticipated problems occurFinds feasible counter measures to

overcome problems

Slide 1 0f 7

New Seven Mgt Tools


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Advantages of Process Decisions ProgramCharts (PDPCs)

Facilitates forecastingUses past to anticipate contingenciesEnables problems to pinpointed

Illustrates how events will be directed tosuccessful conclusionEnables those involved to understand

decision-makers intentions

Slide 2 0f 7

g


New Seven Mgt Tools


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Advantages of PDPCs (cont.)Fosters cooperation and communication in

groupEasily modified and easily understood

Slide 3 0f 7

g


Start

GOAL

YES YES

NO NO NO

NO

NO

YES

NO NO

New Seven Mgt Tools


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Constructing a PDPCSlide 4 0f 7

Select a highly effective, but difficultstrategy from the Tree diagram Decide on a goal (most desirable outcome)

Identify constraints of objectiveIdentify existing situation (Starting point)

g


List activities to reach goal and potentialproblems with each activity

New Seven MgtTools


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Constructing an PDPC (cont.) Slide 5 0f 7

Review list. Add extra activities or

problems not thought of previouslyPrepare contingency plan for each stepand review what action is needed if

step is not achievedExamine carefully to check forinconsistencies and all important factors

are included

g


New Seven Mgt Tools


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Constructing an PDPC (cont.) Slide 6 0f 7


Examine to make sure all contingencyplans are adequate

g



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New Seven MgtTools

Matrix Data Analysis

Principal Component Analysis

Technique quantifies and arranges data

presented in MatrixBased solely on numerical dataFinds indicators that differentiate andattempt to clarify large amount ofinformation

Slide 1 0f 6


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New Seven Mgt Tools


Advantages of Principal Component Analysis

Can be used in various fields (market surveys,new product planning, process analysis)

Can be when used when Matrix diagramdoes not give sufficient information

Useful as Prioritization Grid

Slide 2 0f 6


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New Seven Mgt Tools


Constructing a Prioritization GridSource: Foster, S.,Managing Quality (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001)

Slide 3 0f 6

Determine your goal, your alternatives,and criteria for decisionPlace selection in order of importance

Sum individual ratings to establishoverall ranking (Divide by number of optionsfor average ranking)

Apply percentage weight to each option(all weights should add up to 1)


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New Seven Mgt Tools


Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.) Slide 4 0f 6

Rank order each option with respect to

criterion (Average the rankings and apply acompleted ranking) Multiply weight by associated rank inMatrix (in example, 4 is best, 1 is worst) Result is Importance Score

Add up Importance Scores for eachoption


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New Seven Mgt Tools


Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.)Slide 5 0f 6

See completed the diagram

Rank order the alternatives according toimportance


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Completing a Prioritization GridSlide 6 0f 6

New Seven Mgt Tools


Source: Foster, S., Managing Quality (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001)

Cost Re lia bilityOpt ions

Design A

.30 .203 3

.90 .60 3.2 1 (tie)

Design B.40 .104 1

1.6 .10 3.0 2

Design C

.25 .252 4

.50 1 2.5 3 Design D

.10 .201 3

.10 .60 3.2 1 (tie)

1.05 .75.26 .192 4

ImportanceSum Score

OptionRanking(least important)

Strength

Importance s coreRank

Percentage weight

Percentage weightRank

Importance s core

Percentage weightRankImportance s core

Percentage weightRank

Importance s core

Sum of weights Average weightCriterion Ranking

Customer Acceptance(most important)

.404

1.6

.303

.90

.251

.25

0.33

.90

1.25

2.40

.25

.75

.101

.10

.20

.95

.243

Criteria

.404

3

1.6

.311


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Review New Seven Mgt Tools

Affinity Diagrams

Inter Relationship Digraph

Tree Diagrams

Priorization Matrix

Matrix DiagramsProcess Decision Program Charts

Activity Network Diagram


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Mental Attitudes- Keen awareness to the actual problem

- Eagerness to solve problem- Be highly motivated for the challenge

Keys to Successfully Using theNew Seven Mgt Tools

Slide 1 0f 5

Four Specific Keys Understand the problem Select the right tool for the job Obtain appropriate verbal data Interpret analytical results


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Slide 2 0f 5

Understand the problemStage 1 - problem is unclear and not obvious

what exact issue should be addressedStage 2 - problem is obvious, but causes unknown

explore causes and single out valid onesStage 3 - problem and causes are known

required action is unknownstrategies and plan must be developed

4 Specific Keys


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Slide 4 0f 5

Obtaining appropriate verbal data

Three types of verbal data:- Facts ; factual observations expressed in words- Opinions ; factual information colored by opinion - Ideas ; New concepts created by analyzing facts

.Group Discussions:- Ensures common understanding- All data should be without bias or distortion- Data should fit objective of the analysis

4 Specific Keys (cont.)


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Slide 5 0f 5

Interpreting Analytical ResultsInformation must be obtained for accomplishingobjectives from:

- Completed diagrams ; or- Process of completing diagrams

Analyze actual information obtained:- Prepare summarized report with findings,

conclusions, and processes used- Check if necessary data has been obtained, if not

- Discover the cause and take appropriate action

4 Specific Keys (cont.)


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Practical Application ofNew Seven Mgt Tools

Slide 1 0f 5

Complete the following Relations Diagram- Review notes for clarity- Get in groups of 4-5 per table (work as a team!)- Topic - Using the New Seven QC Tools skillfully - Cause cards - will be provided (not categorized)- Arrange cards to complete diagram

(some hints have been provided)

Exam ple; Relations Diagram Abilities Required for Applying New Seven MgtTools


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Slide 2 0f 5 Abilities Required for Applying New Seven QC Tools

Use N7Skillfully

PrimaryCause

PrimaryCause

PrimaryCause

PrimaryCause

Source: Foster, S.,Managing Quality (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001)


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Slide 3 0f 5

Abilities Required for Applying New Seven Mgt Tools Cause Statements (hints are in yellow)

A Interpret data clearly N Understand seriousness of problem

B Select appropriate tool O Think flexibly from various standpointsC Think systematically P Obtain appropriate verbal dataD Give opinions Q Expose core of problemE Know what the problem is R Communicate wellF Extract necessary information S Accurately understand real problemG Collect reliable verbal data T Have excellent intuitionH Think multidimensionally U See to heart of problemI Obtain facts V Select appropriate type of verbal dataJ Interpret analytical results W Think in terms of word-based diagramK Generate ideas X Express genuine thoughtsL Know that distorted data is useless Y Hear and respect other's opinionsM Grasp overall pictured Z Generate highly accurate verbal data


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Slide 4 0f 5 Abilities Required for Applying New Seven QC Tools

Use N7Skillfully

PrimaryCause

PrimaryCause

PrimaryCause

B

T

R

Y

F

I

L



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Slide 5 0f 5 Solution for Abilities Required for Applying New Seven QC Tools

Use N7Skillfully

E

W J

P

B

T

H R

C

ZY

O

A

M

F S U

N

V

KD

I Q

LX

G



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SummaryNew Seven Mgt Tools

1- Provide Training in Thinking

2- Raise Peoples Problem Solving Confidence 3- Increase Peoples Ability to Predict Future Events

Benefits of New Seven Mgt Tools

1- Express verbal data diagrammatically2- Make information visible3- Organize information intelligibly4- Clarify overall picture and fine details

5- Get more people involved

Roles of New Seven Mgt Tools


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Bibliography

Foster, Thomas. Managing Quality. An Integrative Approach.Upper Saddle River : Prentice Hall, 2001.

Nayatani, Yoshingobu, Eiga, Toru, Futami, Ryoji, Miyagawa,Hiroyuki, and Loftus, John. The Seven New QC Tools: Practical

Applications for Managers. Tokyo : 3A Corporation, 1994.

TQM: The 9 TQM Tools. Internethttp://www.iqd.com/pfttools.htm.

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