newsmol10-april-2013
DESCRIPTION
newsmol10-april-2013TRANSCRIPT
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SOURCE l1ANGKOK POST PAGE
It's high time to overhaul social security
WERAPONG f»RAPHA
ust over two weeks ago, four amendments to the Social Security Bill were considered by parliament. The four bills were proposed.by
four different groups: the cabinet; Democrat Party MPs Rawat Areerob and Nakorn Machim; unionist WLiaiwan SaeTia; and 14,264 public petitioners.
Unfortunately, parliament rejected the latter two, both of which called for a s!gniticant shake-up ofthf' goven.ance of the social security system.
In particular, they proposed to make the Social Security Office (SSO) an independent organisation, with thorough and effective checks and balances such as internal controls and effective audit mechanisms.
Both bills strongly called for the appointment of an independent audit committee to provide pversight to the sso· s board of directors.
The rejection is understandably unwelcome by various labour groups and NGOs. To have rejected the labouiproposed bill, which took three years to prepare and whichgatherednearly 15,000 supporters, is unacceptable. Some people, including Sunee Chaiyaros, ~e vice-
chairwoman of the Law Reform Commission, called it an abuse of the legislative process.
The Thai Law Watch project, in which the Thailand Development Research Institute (TORI) joined ti)e .King Prajadhipok's Institute to analyse and track development of important bills, proposed · four recommendations to increase protection ofinformal workers and reform the governance of the social security system: ·
First, the informal labour sector was not touched on in the proposed bills. We all know the significant size of the informal sector.
A survey by the National Statistical Office in 2011 has shown lhal over 64%
of the workforce belongs to the informal sector, making up around 24.fi million workers. Excluding 15.1 million of these informal workers who are working in the agriculture sector and so are not entitled to the benefits offered by the social security system, there are around 9.5 million workers. About 590,000 of those workers joined the scheme, according to the SSO's annual report in 2011.
Part of the reason for the low coverage (merely 6.21%) of informal workers in the social security system is due to the weak benefits packages.
Informal workers have the option to contribute 70 baht per month, and the government would contribute 30 baht f.:>r benefits in the event of sickness, disability or death.
Alternatively, if informal workers prefer
to attain retirement pension benefits in addition to the three aforementioned oeuei1ts, they would have to contribute 100 baht per month. The government would add another 59 baht.
These benefits are unappealing and leave the majority of informal workers unprotected. It is proposed the government should -increase its share of the contributions to match the amount paid by insured workers.
Second, and perhaps one of the more controversial issues, is the appointment of directors to the board of the SSO. ·
The proposed amendments did not · include-representation of the directors, as all of them only wanted to ~crease the proportion of the representatives of employers and insured employees under the existing system. ·
Social security experts Worawan Charnduaywit, of tbe TORI, and Apichat Satitniramai, ofThammasat University, ·
have argued that worker:s have been poorly represented on the SSO's board of directors.
The current representatives are selected from two major labour unio'os which only comprise just over 300,000 members, constituting only 3% of the workforce in the social security scheme. This is because the current law does not require labour representatives to be elected. It is proposed that all workers in the scheme should be entitled to a one-person-one-vote svstem to allow
each voice to be heard. Third, the allowed . administrative
expenditure of the SSO should be more tightly capped. Under the current law, the SSO board can allocate up to 10% of contributed funds to administrativerelated expenses.
While the SSO has never used up the allowed budget, the actual expenditure amounts to nearly 4 trillion baht a year
-still a very large amount to spend on administration. To put this into perspective, the administrative expenses as a proportion of the fund's total expenses were 7.8% and 7.4% in 2010 1
and 2011 respectively; while the' ratios for the US Social Security Office were only 0.8% and 0.9% for the same period.
This high expenditure is prone to inefficiency and abuse, given that there is no effective oversight For example, overseas "study tours" for the board and management have produced little in terms of improving benefits for workers.
Furthermore, recent scandals in procurement practices decrease the credibility of the office.
We thus propose that the SSO's administrative costs be lowered and more transparency should be provided regarding the fund's expenses.
Finally, and perhaps the most urgently-netxled SSO reform, is its governance. ·
The· rejection by parliament of the bills proposed by Ms Wilaiwan and MP Nakorn has wasted ail opportunity to reform the office's governance. We urge· that stronger oversight mechanisms be put back in place by the committee in charge of the vetting the' bill to ensure that trillions of baht contributed by Thai workers is efficiently and honestly used.
Wenpong Prapha li a researcher and IIWillg4!l'
of the public: c:om••nlc:ations team at the Thailand Develop•ent Research Institute (TDRI).
DATE _ __ _
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CHINA
Labo.ur camp brutality report shocks ·nation BEIJING: A Chinese magazine's report on abuses at a notorious labour camp is giving reformers added ammunition in a campaign to abolish a part of the penal system that China's government says needs change.
The report this week in Lens magazine documents the long hours worked by female inmates at the Masanjia labour camp and the punishments for breaking rules or not meeting production quotas for cutting fabric, making button holes, and sewing and ironing cloth for apparel makers.
Based on interviews with ex•inmates, prosecutors and former and current camp officials, the . 14-page report describes prisoners being locked in tiny p~:nishment cells, shockP.d with electric batons, handcuffed to two. bunk beds with arms stretched wide and bound to a bench with tht'ir b?.ch hunched over and hands and feet cuffed ."
While abuses in the camps are generally known among the public, the report
~rare in that it appeared in a formally published domestic magazine- shocked Chinese in its details.
Printed in a little-known magazine, it was posted online, where it quickly spread and became the most read story on Monday on the four b~ggest news sites before it was censored and then re-posted on a few sites.
Legal experts and public intellectuals seized on it to renew their calls to end the punishmen~ centres, known formally as re-education through labour. "Wait {sic} no time to repeal re-education
. through labour," sociologist Yu Jianrong posted on his Twitter-like microblog hosted by Sina Weibo, which has more than 1.6 million followers.
The ]l•stice Department in Liaoning, the province where Masanjia is !ocated, referred queries to the provincial Propaganda Department, whkh decli.11ed comment. A retired Justice Ministry researcher called the report far-fetched.
Even so, it lands in lite middle of a
debate about how and when to reform a much-disliked practice. Re-education through labour is a small part of the wider penal system and allows police to imprison people for as long as four years without a court trial or judge's review.
Critics say the lack of judicial review violates the constitution and in recent years has increasingly been used by police to silence ordinary Chinese petitioning to redress grievances against officials.
The Communist Party leadership installed in November has said it will reform the ·system and has promised to introduce plans to do so by the end of the year. SomP legal experts say the Lens report should add to the momentum for change.
"I have heard about inegularities in . the system, but this report .exceeded the baseline of what I knew," said law professor Hou Xinyi of Nankai Ufliversi~y in the city of Tianjin.
"I doubt if the top leadership kno·.vs the situation on the ground." ,:,p
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