Presented by Dr IQRA DAUD AWAN

THE ROLE OF WHO,UNICEF,UNFPA AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL AGENCIES IN PUBLIC HEALTH

What is NGO?

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are legally constituted corporations created by natural or

legal people that operate independently from any form of government. The term originated from the United Nations, and normally refers to organizations that are not a part of a government and are not conventional

for-profit businesses.

HISTORYInternational non-governmental organizations have a history dating

back to at least 1839. However, the phrase "non-governmental organization" only came into popular use with the establishment of the

United Nations Organization in 1945. The definition of "international NGO" (INGO) is first given in resolution on February 27, 1950: it is defined

as "any international organization that is not founded by an international treaty. Rapid development of the non-governmental sector occurred in western countries as a result of the processes of

restructuring of the welfare state. Further globalization of that process occurred after the fall of the communist system. Globalization during

the 20th century gave rise to the importance of NGOs. Many problems could not be solved within a nation. International treaties and

international organizations such as the World Trade Organization were centered mainly on the interests of capitalist enterprises. In an attempt

to counterbalance this trend, NGOs have developed to emphasize humanitarian issues, developmental aid and sustainable development

TYPES OF NGO’s

NGO types can be understood by their

orientation and level of operation.

Development, Environmental & human right

s.

Operational and campaigning/Advocacy

(world bank)

level of orientation:

Charitable orientation effort with little participation by the "beneficiaries". It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of the poor.

Service orientation includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health, family planning or education services in which the programme is designed by the NGO and people are expected to participate in its implementation and in receiving the service.

Participatory orientation is characterized by self-help projects where local people are involved particularly in the implementation of a project by contributing cash, tools, land, materials, labour etc.

Empowering orientation aims to help poor people develop a clearer understanding of the social, political and economic factors affecting their lives, and to strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to control their lives. There is maximum involvement of the beneficiaries with NGOs acting as facilitators.

level of operation

Community-based organizations (CBOs) ,They can be responsible for raising the consciousness of the urban poor, helping them to understand their rights in accessing needed services, and providing such services.

City-wide organizations include organizations such as chambers of commerce and industry, ethnic or educational groups, and associations of community organizations.

National NGOs include national organizations such as the Red Cross, etc. Some have state and city branches and assist local NGOs.

International NGOs range from secular agencies such as Save the Children organizations and Rockefeller Foundation to religiously motivated groups. They can be responsible for funding local NGOs, institutions and projects and implementing projects

1)DEVELOPMENTDevelopment NGOs are the most highly visible sector, and includes both international and local organizations, as well as those working in humanitarian emergency sector. Many are associated with international aid and voluntary donation, but there are also NGOs that choose not to take funds from donors and try to generate funding in other ways, such as selling handicrafts or charging for services.e.g.

2)ENVIRONMENTAL

These non-governmental organizations are involved in environmental management, lobbying, advocacy, and/or conservation efforts e.g. Minhaj Welfare Foundation

3)HUMAN RIGHTS The Human Rights Organization Of Pakistan

(HROOP) is an independent, non-profit organization, founded in 2009. HROOP believes human rights are not being adequately protected, it will say so clearly and strongly, and will actively seek change in the law, policy or practice concerned

Asian Human Rights Development OrganizationIt is credited to be the first human rights organizationregistered with the federal government for nation wide operations. The Organization is working in Pakistan since 1999.

a) OPERATIONALOperational NGOs seek to "achieve small-scale change

directly through projects."They mobilize financial resources, materials and volunteers to create localized programs in the field. They hold large-scale fundraising events, apply to governments and organizations for grants and contracts in order to raise money for project. Operational NGOs deal with a wide range of , but are most often associated with the delivery of services and welfare, emergency relief and environmental issues.

b)CAMPAIGN/ADVOCACYCampaigning NGOs seek to "achieve large-scale change promoted indirectly through influence of the political system.“It need an efficient and effective group of professional members who are able to keep supporters informed, and motivated. They must maintain a large informed network of supporters who can be mobilized for events to garner media attention and influence policy changes through holding demonstrations. These often deal with issues relating to human rights, women's rights, children's rights. The primary purpose of an Advocacy NGO is to defend or promote a specific cause.

UN PROGRAMMES ,FUNDS AND specialized agencies

The United Nation’s system is comprised of the UN itself and more than 30

affiliated organizations known as programs, funds, and specialized

agencies with their own membership, leadership, and budget processes. These groups work with and through the UN

to promote worldwide peace and prosperity.

UN PROGRAMMES & FUNDS

UN programs and funds are financed through voluntary contributions

rather than assessed contributions

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

On the ground in 166 countries, UNDP is the UN’s global development network, focusing on the challenges of democratic governance, poverty

reduction, crisis prevention and recovery, energy and environment, and HIV/AIDS. UNDP also

coordinates national and international efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals aimed

at poverty reduction. Recently UNDP helped Liberia prepare for national elections that put Africa’s first

woman president, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, in office. It has helped Thailand build solar-power water

pumping stations. And it has helped earthquake damaged regions of Pakistan with long-term

development planning. UNDP also publishes the annual Human Development Report.

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

(UNHCR)Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, UNHCR protects refugees worldwide and facilitates their return home or resettlement. UNHCR is working on the ground in over 116 countries, helping 20.8 million persons in areas including Lebanon, Darfur, southern Sudan, Afghanistan, and Iraq.

United Nations Drug Control Program (UNDCP)

UNDCP helps Member States fight drugs, crime, and terrorism. Aside from providing laboratory services, this Program helps to improve cross-border cooperation.

World Food Program (WFP)WFP, which aims to eradicate hunger and

malnutrition, is the world’s largest humanitarian agency. Every year, the program feeds almost 100

million people in over 80 nations. WFP has delivered aid to Darfur, to Pakistan in the aftermath of the

2005 earthquake, and to southern Asia following the tsunami

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)

UNEP coordinates the United Nations’ environmental

activities. It develops international

environmental conventions, assesses global environmental

trends, encourages new civil sector partnerships,

and strengthens institutions so they

might better protect the environment.

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and development assistance to children and mothers. Recent UNICEF initiatives have included polio immunization for 5.5 million children in Angola, helping girls enroll and stay in school in 34 African countries.

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

UNFPA works on the ground in 140 nations to “ensure that every pregnancy is wanted,

every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV/AIDS, and every girl and woman is treated with dignity

and respect

The creation of UN Women came about as part of the UN reform agenda, bringing

together resources and mandates for greater impact. It merges and builds on the important work of four previously distinct parts of the UN system, which focused exclusively on gender equality

and women’s empowerment.

UN SPECIALIZED AGENCIES

The United Nations’ specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and funded by both

voluntary and assessed contributions. These agencies includes:

World BankThe World Bank focuses on

poverty reduction and the improvement of living

standards worldwide by providing low-interest

loans, interest-free credit, and grants to developing countries for education,

health, infrastructure, and communications, among other things. The World Bank works in over 100

countries.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

The IMF fosters economic growth and employment by providing temporary financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payments

adjustment and technical assistance. The

IMF currently has $28 billion in outstanding

loans to 74 nations

World Health Organization (WHO)

WHO is responsible for global vaccination campaigns,

responding to public health emergencies, defending

against pandemic influenza, and leading the way for

eradication campaigns against life-threatening diseases like polio and malaria. Last year

WHO eliminated avian flu in Vietnam, removed two

countries from the list of polio-endemic nations, and

provided humanitarian assistance in Lebanon and

Darfur.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization (UNESCO)UNESCO focuses on

everything from teacher training to helping improve education

worldwide to protecting important historical and cultural sites around the world. UNESCO added 28 new World Heritage Sites

this year to the list of irreplaceable treasures

that will be protected for today's travelers and future

generations.

International Labor Organization (ILO)

ILO promotes international labor rights by formulating international standards on the freedom to associate, collective bargaining, the abolition of forced labor, and equality of opportunity and treatment.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

FAO leads international efforts to fight hunger. It is both a forum for negotiating agreements between developing and developed countries and a source of technical knowledge and information to aid development.

IMO has created a comprehensive shipping regulatory framework, addressing safety and environmental concerns, legal matters, technical cooperation, security, and efficiency.

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

WMO facilitates the free international exchange of meteorological data and information and the furtherance of its use in aviation, shipping, security, and agriculture, among other things

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

WIPO protects intellectual property throughout the world through 23 international treaties.

International Civilian Aviation Organization (ICAO)

ICAO sets international rules on air navigation, the investigation of air accidents, and aerial border-crossing procedures

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