nis practices in germany national innovation systems consultative meeting on national innovation...

NIS Practices in GermanyN

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Consultative Meeting on National Innovation Systems 19–29 September 2006, New Delhi, India

The NIS Practices in Germany

Presented by

Dr. Moneim Issa

on the Consultative Meeting

on National Innovation Systems (NIS) of India

19-20 September 2006, New Delhi

Eschersheimer Landstr.89D-60322 FrankfurtTel.: +49 (0) 171 931 3456Fax: +49 (0) 69 955 30 337E-Mail: [email protected]


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The Technology and innovation Centres in Germany (2006)

167 Technology and Innovation Centres

ca. 7.500 Enterprises in the Centres

ca. 56.000 Employees

ca. 16.000 successful Start Ups-Firms

ca. 150.000 generated employments

The survival quote in the centres ranged to about 90%

Over 8.000 Enterprises from the Centres have successfully been established. These Firms have generated ca. 90.000 working places..

Source: ADT


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1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION CENTRES IN GERMANY1983-2000

Source: ADT


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OBJECTIVES OF INNOVATION CENTRES Technical support to technology oriented start-ups

Provision of infrastructure to be used by the companies

Promotion of co-operation between science and economy

Promotion of regional development potentials fortechnology oriented enterprises and start-ups

Initiation of technology park projects and technological co-operation

Support of regional economic development

Provision of information on innovative technology

Improvement of regional innovation framework Source: ZEW


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Science+ Research

45%

Industry 27%

Rural Areas28%

ALLOCATION OF INNOVATION CENTRES ACCORDING TO SITE PREFERENCE

Source: ADT


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TECHNOLOGICAL FOCAL POINTS IN THE INNOVATION CENTRES

General Services 27 %Technological Services 24 %Software 23 %Information and Communication Technology 22 %Multimedia 16 %Environmental Technology 16 %Consultancy 16 %Electronic and Electrical Engineering 11 %Instrumentation and Measurement Technology 10 %Computer Technology 9 %Automation 8 %Machinery 6 %

Source: ADT


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TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY BY INNOVATION CENTRES

Source: ADT

Start-Up ConsultancyLegal IssuesElaboration of Business PlansTechnnology AdvicePatentFinanceBusiness promotion ProgrammsMarketing AssistanceInsuranceTraining


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LOGISTIC SUPPORT BY INNOVATION CENTRES

Source: ADT

Office ServicesReceptionTelephone servicesPhotocopingConference RoomsInternetData BankBook KeepingOrganization of ExhibitionsCompany CooperationTechnology TransferLaboratory Utilizaion


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SUCCESSFUL COMPANIES MOVED OUT OF INNOVATION CENTRES AFTER ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CENTRES

0

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100

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450

Total no. ofcompanies

Source: ADT


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The Structure of the German Innovation System

Source: Prognos AG., Germany 2004


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INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN GERMANY

Natural Sciences, Technological and Engineering Institutions

81 Universities

90 Technical Universities

81 Max-Planck-Institutes

47 Frauenhofer-Institutes

16 Helmholz-Centres

51 „Blaue-Liste“ Institutes

24 Federal Research Institutions

47 Local Research Institutions in the federal states

Source: Athene-Project


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POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGICAL ORIENTED START-UPS

Institution Number ofScientists

(ca.)

Potentialin % (ca.)

Potential

Max-Planck-Institutes

4.700 12 % 600

Helmholz-Centres

8.000 30 % 2.400

Fraunhofer-Institutes

2.600 33 % 900

Blaue-Liste-Institutes

3.000 14 % 400

ResearchInstitutions

2.200 67 % 1.500

TOTAL 20.500 5.800

Source: Athene-Project


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Current Priorities of the National Innovation System

Promotion of Education, Science and Technology and R&D

- Innovation and Economic Growth

- Facing International Competition through Globalization

- Regain a Leading Role in Future Technology

- Innovation Initiative and Structural Reforms


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Share of World Regions to the Development of R&D-Capacities 1995-2003

GDP Expenditure on R&D at Current Prices R&D Expenditure of Private Sector at Current Prices

Source: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators 2004; IMD World Competitiveness Year Book, NIW. Quoted in: BMBF: Zur technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands 2005, Bonn, Berlin 2005

STC (Selected Emerging Countries): CHN, KOR, IND, RUS, SIN, TWN, ISR

Share of OECD+STC 1995 - 2002

Share of OECD+STC 1995


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Innovation Activities of the German Industry

Research and Development

Human Resources in Business R&D

Patent Output


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Source: Eurostart – CIS-III (New Cronos. September 2004). Götzfried et al. (2004). Arvantis et al (2004). Frenz (2003), unpublished data of CIS-III team.- ZEW calculations; Quoted in: BMB

Innovation Quota 1) Production sector without construction Service sector*

1) Innovation Quota: Share of enterprises which released a new or significantly improved product in the market or implemented a new or signifcantly new procedure within the company, in % of all enterprises

*) whole sale, logistics, IT, Software, insurance and loan sector, R&D services, technical services


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GDP Share of R&D intensive industries and knowledge-intensive services in selected countries 2002 (in %)

R&D intensive industries

Knowledge-intensive services without real estate

*) EU-15 without IRL and LUX

Source: OECD, STAN-Database 2002. – Calculations and Estimations by DIW Berlin. Quoted in: BMB


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Innovation Performance and R&D in industry and knowledge-intensive Services 1993-2003 (in % of all Enterprises)

Source: ZEW, Mannheim . Quoted in: BMB.

Industry and Mining Knowledge-intensive services

Companies with irregular R&D

Companies with continuous R&D

Innovative companies without R&D


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Source: OECD, STAN-Database 2002. – Calculations and Estimations by DIW Berlin. Quoted in: DIW, NIW: Marktergebnisse bei forschungs-Intensiven Waren und wissensintensiven Dienstleistungen: Außenhandel, Produktion und Beschäftigung, Berlin, Hannover 2003

Share of Employment in R&D intensive industries and knowledge-intensive services (in %)

Real estate Knowledge-intensive services without real estate

R&D intensive industries


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Development of Employment in R&D-intensive Industries in Germany 1991-2002 Professional Fields in companies 1995=100

Source: Federal Office for Statistics, ZEW . Quoted in: DIW, NIW.

FE= R&D-intensive Industries ST= Sofisticated TechnologyHAT= Advanced TechnologyNFE= Not R&D-intensive industries


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Patents quota 2002 and its change between 1991 to 2002 in selected countries

Source: EPATENT.- WOPATENT.-OECD. Main Science and Technology Indicators. – Fraunhofer ISI Calculations. Quoted in: BMB.

*) Patents relevant to the world market per 1 Mio. labour force

Patent dispersion*) Annual average Change 1991 - 2002


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Critical Assessment of NIS

Innovation Contribution of German SMEs is low

Several Regulatory Burdens on Private Sector

Lack of Venture Capital Market and Start-ups

Insufficient Supply of Highly Qualified Personnel


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Graduates in engineering and natural sciences 1) Per 100.00 Labour Force, age 25 to 34

*) 2000 instead of 2002

Source: OECD, Online Labour Database – OECD Education Online Database – ZEW/HIS Calculations. Quoted in: BMB

1) Course of studies: bioscience, lifescience, physics, math/statistics, IT, engineering, construction


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Challenges face the NIS in Germany

Demographic Factors

The Situation of the Educational System,

particularly the Tertiary

The Situation of High Qualified labour


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ITAAUTPOR

GERLUX

GRENEDSUI

DENNZL

GBRAUSFRA

ESPIRL

BELNORSWE

FINUSA

KORJ PN

OECD

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tertiary Education in the OECD-Countries in 2002 – Graduates between 25-34 years (in %)

Source: OECD, FIBS, NIW. Quoted in: BMB.


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POR

ITA

KOR

ESP

GRE

AUT

IRL

FRA

LUX

BEL

J PN

NED

GBR

SUI

GER

NOR

DEN

AUS

SWE

NZL

USA

FIN

OECD

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Tertiary Education in the OECD-Countries in 2002 – Graduates between 55-64 years (in %)

Source: OECD, FIBS, NIW. Quoted in: BMB


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Sources of Innovation Processes in Germany (Fraunhofer Gesellschaft)

Source:Fraunhofer Fraunhofer Gesellschaft: Deutschland innovative 2004


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