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1) Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity,http://www.cbd.int/abs/doc/protocol/nagoya-protocol-en.pdf.
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”, 34 3 , 2012.,Thomas Greiber et al., An Explanatory Guide to the Nagoya Protocol on Access
and Benefit-sharing, IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 83, 2012.
Elisa Morgera et al., Unraveling the Nagoya Protocol, Brill, 2014.Tullio Scovazzi, “Open Questions on the Exploitation of Genetic Resources in
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction”, Am. Soc’y Int’l L. Proc. 2013. Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable
Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity,http://www.cbd.int/abs/doc/protocol/nagoya-protocol-en.pdf.
https://www.cbd.int/abs/nagoya-protocol/signatories/default.shtml.
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Abstract
Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing Conservation of Biological Diversity: Future Negotiation Issues and Domestic
Legislative Measure to Implement Nagoya Protocol
1)Kim, Hong-kyun*
In October 29th, 2010, a treaty called the Nagoya Protocol was concluded. The
treaty deals with equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic
resources which is one of the objectives that are established in the Biodiversity
Convention. Until recently, the access to genetic resources and benefit sharing
issues have been managed carelessly. However, the initiation of the Nagoya Protocol
has arranged a new turning point. It has specified the obligation of the Parties
for their access to genetic resources and sharing of benefits arising from the utilization
of such resources(ABS) by elucidating the third core objective of the Biodiversity
Convention: equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic
resources.
In the perspective of a country being relatively more recognized as a user of
genetic resources rather than a provider, the ratification of the treaty could likely
be considered a burden for Korea. Further legislative, administrative and policy
measures have to be adopted in order to provide equitable sharing of benefits
for the use of genetic resources. If the treaty enters into effect, there are predictions
that there would be oppositions in industries such as in agriculture, pharmaceuticals,
cosmetics, food and biotechnology. However, since the conservation of biodiversity
is being widely supported by the international society and the protocol was taken
effect recently, we have to be a certain stand in action.
The obligatory provisions of the Nagoya Protocol is insufficiently specific which
makes it hard to be directly applied domestically. For this reason, the Parties,
whether a user or a provider, have to develop legislative, administrative and policy
measures to implement the protocol. The Parties are provided with a large extent
* Professor, School of Law Hanyang University
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Journal of Legislation Research / 50th Issue
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of discretion for their choosing among the three measures. However, among those,
the legislative measure, which includes making related law, is considered to be
most efficient in terms of the securing legal stability and transparency.
The domestic legislative measure has to provide a base for the guarantee of
ABS. The system has to be precise, transparent and efficient in terms of procedures
and contents. Prior informed consent(PIC) and mutually agreed terms(MATs) could
be considered a key measure to guarantee ABS. However, ABS could act as a
pressure for the concerned Parties. For this reason, a elaborate system has to be
designed in order to lessen the burden for users of the genetic resources and to
fully implement the protocol. In this perspective, the bill Act on Access to and
Benefit-Sharing of Genetic Resources by the 19th National Assembly is considered
to be unsatisfactory. It seems that the bill was made in haste; merely to ratify
the Nagoya Protocol before one’s eyes. Even, it could be explained to have drifted
due to the egoistic involved authorities and the indifferent and irresponsible political
circles. There is a high possibility in the near future when a ratification and a
domestic legislative measure is in need. Undoubtedly, similar legislative bills like
the bill Act on Access to and Benefit-Sharing of Genetic Resources could become
rampant at this time. At this moment, a solution to both conserve biodiversity
and promote our nation’s benefit has to be ruminated.