Non-Infrastructure

What is non-infrastructure?

Education

Encouragement

Enforcement

Evaluation

Education

1. Children2. Parents3. Neighbors

Who needs educational messages?

1. Educating children

Pedestrian and bicyclist safety

Personal safety

Health benefits

Environment

Strategies for teaching children

Assembly Classroom Skills practiceParent involvement

Integrate walking and bicycling education into traditional subjects

Math

Biology

Reading

Language arts

Geography

2. Educating parents

Pedestrian and bicyclist safety guidelines to reinforce with children

Safe driving near the school

School pick up and drop off procedures

Strategies for reaching parents

3. Educating neighbors

Watch for / yield to pedestrians and cyclists

Drive slowly

Keep sidewalks clear

Prune plants

Signs / Flyers Pruning Party

Meetings Pace Cars

Strategies for reaching neighbors

Encouragement

Encouragement programs

1. Events

2. Walking school buses

3. Individual competition

4. Contests

5. Park and walk sites

6. Route map promotion

1. Events

2. Walking school buses and bicycle trains

3. Individual competition

4. Contests

5. Park and walk sites

6. Route map promotion

When it’s too far or unsafe

On-campus options

Park and walk

Safe Routes to Bus Stops

SRTS in middle schools

Make it relevant

Encourage students to take ownership

Hold contests with cool prizes

Enforcement

Role of enforcement

Increase awareness

Reduce traffic safety problems

Improve behavior

Unsafe behaviors

Pedestrian Behavior

Bicyclist Behavior

Motorist Behavior

A different way to look at enforcement

Students

Parents

School administration

Crossing guards

Law enforcement officers

Enforcement strategies

School and community

Law enforcement

School and community efforts

Safety patrol Driveway monitors Crossing guards

Neighborhood speed watch programs

Crossing guard training/equipment

Neighborhood speed watch radar lending programs

Residents use radar units to record speed data in their neighborhood

Role of law enforcement officers

Teach safety

Evaluate traffic concerns

Provide police presence

Monitor guards and students

Law enforcement methods

Speed trailers

Active speed monitors

Traffic complaint hotline

Photo enforcement

Pedestrian ‘decoys’

Progressive ticketing

Active speed monitors

Permanent vs. Temporary Provides feedback and

increases awareness

Photo enforcement

Mobile units provide city-wide coverage

Permanent units supplement police efforts

Evaluation

Benefits of Evaluation

Identify the underlying problem Set reasonable expectations Identify changes that the public

desires Determine results

Evaluation Options

1. Parent Survey

2. Student Talley

3. Walk-ability Checklist

4. Bike-ability Checklist

5. School Site Audit

Parent Survey

Available in English, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Haitain Creole, & Somali

Completed by parents

2-page survey

Evaluated by National Clearinghouse

On-line survey option

www.saferoutesinfo.org

Student Tally

Multiple Day survey

1 page

Completed by teachers

Evaluated by National SRTS Clearinghouse

www.saferoutesinfo.org

Walk-ability Checklist

Completed by:• Teachers• Parents• Students• Community Members

4 page survey www.saferoutesinfo.org

Possible Performance Measures

Outcome Measure Before and After Direction of Change

Behavior of Children

Number of children walking to and from school MoreNumber of children bicycling to and from school BetterSkills for walking and bicycle safety More

Behavior of Drivers

Number of vehicles arriving and departing school at drop-off and pick-up times

Fewer

Speed of vehicles in and around school area SlowerNumber of driving trips by parents and length of morning and evening commute

Less

Community Facilities

Quality of walking environment: number and usefulness of sidewalks and bike lanes

Better

Safety oriented intersections More

Crashes and Injuries

Number of traffic crashes involving children walking or biking to and from school

Lower

Severity of injuries Less severe

Community buy-in

Number of different types of people involved in the SRTS effort More

Parent enthusiasm about SRTS and allowing their children to walk and bike to school

Higher

Environmental Quality

Level of air and noise pollution in school area LowerLand devoted to parking and drop-off/pick-up areas Less

Consultant Services

Preliminary Project Considerations

Identify target Audience

Identify Goals Identify Resources

• People• Budget• Materials

Identify Target

Parents

Teachers

Students

Community Members

Identify Goals

Increase Decrease Educate Improve Evaluate Complete

Remember S.M.A.R.T.

Goals

Identify Resources

Educational

Personnel

Financial

Educational Resources

Injury Prevention Coalition

Walk 2 School WalkSmart! NHTSA - Child

Pedestrian Safety Curriculum

Marin County Bicycle Coalition -SRTS

Free Resources

www.safety.fhwa.dot.gov

www.bicyclinginfo.org

www.walkinginfo.org

www.saferoutesinfo.org

Reduced Cost

League of American Bicyclists Children-N-Safety Program Incentive programs

Personal Resources

Volunteers Other Professionals Family Members Community Advocates

Volunteer Resources

Churches Civic organizations

• http://oklahoma.uscity.net/Civic_Organizations/

Scout Troops Local Sports Teams Senior Citizen Center

Other Professionals

Health Educators Engineers Fire Educators Police

• SRO• Crossing Guards

Family Members

Parents• PTA/PTO• D.O.G.S

Grandparents• Bring A

Grandparent to School

Older Siblings• Walking Buddies

Community Advocates

League of American Bicyclist

Cherokee Challenge

MS 150 Nat’l Multiple

Sclerosis Bicycle Clubs

Financial Resources

Federal

State Funding

Local Funding

Private Funding

Federal Funding

SRTS National Clearinghouse

Federal Highway Administration

State Funding

Community Development Block Grants (CDBG)• REAP Grants

Department of Health SPR Grant DARS Safe Cyclist Oklahoma DOT

Local Funding

Capital Improvement Projects (CIP) Unified Work Plan (UWP) Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP) Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Special Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP) Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality

Improvement (CMAC) Surface Transportation Program (STP) Existing Operating Budgets

Private Funding

Corporations and businesses

Foundations Individuals Chamber of

Commerce EDC Hospitals

Best practices

Because the prescriptions of most success studies lack an empirical foundation, they should not be treated as how-to manuals, but as a source of inspiration and fuel for introspection. In short, their value is not what you read in them, but what you read into them.

Michael E. Raynor, Mumtaz Ahmed and Andrew D. Henderson

Enforcement

Community• Parents• Crossing Guard• School Personnel

Passive control Positive Rewards Provide Training

Safety patrol

Pedestrian ‘decoys’

Caught Being Good

Wilmette, IL

Progressive ticketing

First: educate

Second: warn

Third: ticket

Encouragement

Low hanging fruit The more, the

merrier Repetitive Focus on “Fun” Teachable Moments

Walking Wednesdays

Charlottesville, VA

Golden Sneaker Award

Larkspur, CA

Principals Leading the Way

Punch cards

Tucson, AZ

Go for Gold program

Buckinghamshire County, UK

Gold card, stamped when walk

Car use reduced from 62% to 26% in ONE YEAR

Still low (13%) in 2007

iWalk 2011

Choctaw Elementary

Blanchard ElementaryElgin Schools

Education

Who?

When?

Where?

What?

Why?

After School Bike Club

Charlottesville, VA

Institutionalized Safety Education

Rockville, MD

Bicycle Rodeos

Junior Ambassadors

Alexandria, VA Chicago, IL

Evaluation

Useful

Feasible

Accurate

Fair

Frequent walker/bicyclist program

Boulder, CO