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NONGQAI : VOL 10 NO 10 Table of Contents

ADMINISTRATION | ADMINISTRASIE ........................................................................................... 9

Publisher | Uitgewer .................................................................................................................. 9

Contact Details | Kontakbesonderhede ..................................................................................... 9

Aim | Doel .................................................................................................................................. 9

Policy | Beleid ............................................................................................................................ 9

Welcome | Welkom .................................................................................................................... 9

• Intelligensie of inligting ...................................................................................................... 10

• Onderskepping & Meeluistering ........................................................................................ 10

• “To spy or not to spy” ........................................................................................................ 11

ELEKTRONIESE BEDIENING: KOOT SWANEPOEL .................................................................. 14

FRONT COVER | VOORBLAD ..................................................................................................... 15

General Andreas Jacobus ('Kat') Liebenberg: Lt. Col. William Marshall .................................. 15

Gen. AJ “Kat” Liebenberg ........................................................................................................ 15

VISIT OUR WEBSITE | BESOEK ONS WEBWERF ..................................................................... 17

Operation “K” ............................................................................................................................... 18

Koevoet History Clarified: © Jim Hooper ................................................................................. 18

Other items of Police History: Ander items oor Polisie-geskiedenis ...................................... 20

Hoe vergelyk die SAPD met die res van Afrika? Philip Malherbe ............................................ 20

Polisieperd: “Selbourne”: Begrafnis: Veldmaarskalk JC Smuts ............................................... 23

Lt. Col. HW Madoc: SA Constabulary, Transvaal Police & Isle of Man Constabulary ............. 24

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Refusal by #SAPS Members in Assisting Complainants to Open Criminal Dockets in Terms of National Instruction 3 of 2011 .................................................................................................. 25

1907 – 1961: Nongqai, once again revived! ............................................................................ 25

Former Senior Detective Turns 85: WO Mike Nagamuthoo: Col. Logan Govender ................ 26

Passing of a Decorated Former Colleague: Warrant Officer Lawrence Govender: Col. Logan Govender ................................................................................................................................. 27

Join the South African Indian Police Association on Facebook! .............................................. 28

Brig. Fanie Bouwer (Westelike Provinsie) ............................................................................... 29

1961: Sersant JG “Rooi Pottie” “Kobus” Potgieter: SAP Kollege: Kapt. Tiny Nortje ................ 29

Umkomaas River Valley .......................................................................................................... 30

SAPS: Empty New Police Station: Completed 5 years ago: Moeka Vilage ............................. 30

Completed in 2014, this police station has never been used .................................................................... 30

SAPS K-9: Roodeplaat: Death of 44 Puppies .......................................................................... 31

Nongqai: Natal Mounted Police: Guarding the Drift: Nico Moolman ........................................ 31

Brig. Roelof van Rooyen: SAP/SSVR: Administrasie Totale Oorlog ........................................ 32

Kommentaar deur HBH: ATO & DATO.................................................................................... 33

1908: Const CW Eagle: NW Mounted Police, Canadian Mounted Rifles, SA Constabulary & Transvaal Police ...................................................................................................................... 34

• Terminology ...................................................................................................................... 34

• Progress Report from Charles Leach ................................................................................ 35

• Fort Edward: Memorial to Const CW Eagle ...................................................................... 35

• Link to Special edition: Const CW Eagle & Bank Particulars ............................................ 36

SAP Richmond: Natal .............................................................................................................. 37

SA RAILWAYS POLICE | SA SPOORWEGPOLISIE ................................................................... 38

Bospadda: “Chris en Kobus”: Heleen Crossman (via Frans Bedford-Visser) .......................... 38

Ons Stormtroepe: Hulle is volwaardige, knap polisiemanne .................................................... 41

• Slagboom: Maj. Ronnie Beyl ............................................................................................. 41

• Beste ................................................................................................................................. 41

• Brigadier Gustav Erlank .................................................................................................... 42

MILITARY HISTORY | KRYGSGESKIEDENIS ............................................................................. 49

Chief of the South African Defence Force: Lt.Col. W Marshall ................................................ 49

SAW: Keetmanshoop: Gedenkteken (HBH) ............................................................................ 52

Lt Col John Walter McLean OBE VD (MID) RSM CS Brown ................................................... 53

Die Minister-klas vinnige aanvalsvaartuigflottielje van die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot: Wolfgang Witschas .................................................................................................................................. 55

SA Vloot Ministersklasvaartuie: Foto’s verskaf deur admiraal Errol Massey-Hicks ................. 59

1879: Anglo-Zulu War: King Cetshwayo kaMpande ................................................................ 61

Anglo Zulu War: Death of a Dynasty: Susan Nind-Barrett ....................................................... 65

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John Dunn: A Power Behind the Zulu Throne: Susan Nind-Barrett ......................................... 67

1879: Indian Soldiers serving in the Anglo Zulu War: Vinesh Selvan ...................................... 74

Anglo Zulu War Memorial: Pietermaritzburg ............................................................................ 75

• The Monument today: Lucas Holtzhausen ........................................................................ 76

Post-traumatiese stresversteuring PTSV (PTSD): Johan Heyns ............................................. 77

Johan Lourens: Capt Andre van Ellinckhuyzen, SAPS. .......................................................... 81

Killed in a friendly fire incident: Capt Andre van Ellinckhuyzen, SAPS. ................................... 82

Bombardier William Ernest “Bill” Mason: Capt Andre van Ellinckhuyzen, SAPS ..................... 85

POLICE & THE PRESS | POLISIE EN DIE PERS ........................................................................ 89

Makhura threatens to bring in army if Gauteng unrest continues ............................................ 89

Makhura threatens to bring in army if Gauteng unrest continues ............................................ 89

Anarchy on roads: Law-abiding citizens being held hostage – Pieter Groenewald ................. 89

SA at risk of a repeat of 2008 xenophobia crisis: Institute of Race Relations (IRR) ................ 90

South Africans commended for speaking up against violent crime – Institute of Race Relations (IRR) ........................................................................................................................................ 91

Number of police reservists down 86% since 2010 – Andrew Whitfield .................................. 92

Number of police reservists declined by 86% since 2010 ........................................................ 92

SA’s crime crisis is akin to a low-intensity civil war: IRR .......................................................... 92

Drastic increase in murder – Bheki Cele ................................................................................. 93

Police are failing to arrest crime – Alan Winde ........................................................................ 96

SA an unsafe country to live in – Pieter Groenewald .............................................................. 97

Crime is out of control in SA – AfriForum ................................................................................ 98

'Mob eviction' in Alexandra leaves family terrified after husband 'hit with axe' ........................ 98

Completed in 2014, this police station has never been used ................................................... 99

ConCourt orders Minister of Police to pay R300,000 for wrongful arrest ............................... 101

Mainly of interest to former members of the Security Branch ............................................... 103

Inquests into apartheid era-killings: Where have all the perpetrators gone? ......................... 103

• Enlargement ................................................................................................................... 104

Suliman “Babla” Saloojee: 55th Anniversary ......................................................................... 104

A Pledge to Sulaiman ‘Babla’ Salojee: I will uncover the truth about this apartheid-era killing - By Imtiaz Cajee ..................................................................................................................... 105

Imam Haron grave site, mosque given heritage status ......................................................... 105

Rodrigues appeal no longer about Timol, but transitional Justice in South Africa ................. 106

amaBhungane: Court declares mass interception by State 'unlawful and invalid' ................. 106

Kommentaar deur lt.genl. A van H Beukes (Oudlid-V-tak) .................................................... 107

Apartheid spy teaching history at Westerford High ................................................................ 108

Rodrigues Loses Appeal Bid in Stay of Prosecution Application ........................................... 108

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RICA ruling welcomed – R2K, PI, LRC.................................................................................. 108

Rodrigues Back in Court – Timol Murder ............................................................................... 109

Northern Ireland: Equality before the law? .............................................................................. 110

Fresh police probe is launched into the murders of three Northern Ireland policemen killed in a landmine blast during the Troubles in 1982 ........................................................................... 110

MILITARY AND THE MEDIA | MILITÊR EN DIE MEDIA ............................................................ 114

What is the end game of SANDF deployment? ..................................................................... 114

What is the end game – SANDF deployment ........................................................................ 114

SANDF deployment extension requested – Alan Winde ....................................................... 116

MK veteran Patrick Mvundla, to be reburied in South Africa 31 years later ........................... 117

“WE WILL REMEMBER THEM”: CAPT. CHARLES ROSS (SAN – RTD.) ............................... 118

• Meldola War Cemetery: Italy ........................................................................................... 118

• Maktau Indian Cemetery: Kenya ..................................................................................... 119

• Pandua War Cemetery: Italy ........................................................................................... 119

• Montecchio Precalcino Communal Cemetery Extension: Italy ........................................ 120

• Aberdeen Trinity Cemetery: United Kingdom .................................................................. 120

• Aberdeen St Peter’s Cemetery: United Kingdom ............................................................ 121

100th Birthday Legionnaire Simon Nhlanga. A World War 2 Veteran: Captain (SAN) Charles Ross (SA Navy Retired .......................................................................................................... 121

ANGLO BOER WAR | ANGLO BOERE-OORLOG .................................................................... 122

Plaasmuseum: Buskruit & Laventel: Utrecht ......................................................................... 122

Fort Hendrina (later Fort Edward): Nico Moolman + Jennifer Bosch ..................................... 123

THE OBSERVATION POST: PETER DICKENS ......................................................................... 124

Lieutenant John Louis Molynaeux Jr.: Remembering a South African killed in the Vietnam War .......................................................................................................................... 124

RSA INTELLIGENCE | SA INLIGTING ....................................................................................... 128

South African Institute of Maritime Research: Peta Thornycroft ............................................ 128

A Legacy of Spies: RS 167 .................................................................................................... 130

Top spy Thulani Dlomo still AWOL eight months after being recalled to the SSA ................. 131

Richard Mdluli 'frustrated' investigations - Kobus Roeloefse ................................................. 131

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES PENSION FUND ........................................................................ 133

The ANC govt is coming after your pensions - GHL .............................................................. 133

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Unforeseen consequences of using govt's pension fund must be considered – FF Plus ...... 135

Prescribed assets: fraudulent excuses for legalised theft ...................................................... 135

ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE | REGSPLEGING ................................................................... 137

Hate speech complaint laid against Ace Magashule – Roy Jankielsohn ............................... 137

POLICE: INTERNATIONAL ........................................................................................................ 139

Britain ......................................................................................................................................... 139

Elite anti-terror squad on patrol: Met Police unit armed with ballistic shields and semi-automatic rifles are back at Downing Street as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meets Boris Johnson ............................................................................................................. 139

Strange hobby ............................................................................................................................ 142

He's got enough to build a house! Retired police sergeant keeps collection of 3,500 bricks in his garden shed ..................................................................................................................... 142

Met chief Cressida Dick says she was 'outraged' by Line of Duty for presenting the police as corrupt and found Bodyguard 'ludicrous' ............................................................................... 149

Isle of Man .................................................................................................................................. 151

Isle of Man Constabulary ....................................................................................................... 151

Panama ....................................................................................................................................... 155

Anti-narcotics police in Panama burn 26 tons of cocaine and marijuana in biggest drugs destruction in country's history, sending plumes of black smoke into the air ......................... 155

Greece ......................................................................................................................................... 156

Greek police arrest man accused of brutal killing of US Navy diver whose body was dumped on Beirut airport tarmac during 17-day hijacking of TWA flight 847 in 1985 .......................... 156

DEFENCE INTERNATIONAL ...................................................................................................... 157

WW2 ............................................................................................................................................ 157

SS Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler ........................................................................................ 157

Old WW2 Photographs brought to life ................................................................................... 158

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INTELLIGENCE: INTERNATIONAL ........................................................................................... 159

Britain ......................................................................................................................................... 159

We had ways of making them talk! In an intelligence sting to rival Bletchley Park, this brilliant British colonel took captured German generals to The Ritz, bugged their cells, planted spies among them — and promised to shoot any of his agents who let the cat out of the bag ....... 159

Britain's top female spy is head of new 'online SAS': Oxbridge graduate who worked for GCHQ will run National Cyber Force of 3,000 hackers to combat digital threats to UK ........ 163

The gravedigger of British spies: Author STEVE VOGEL on MI6 double agent George Blake, 96, who still lives near Moscow - but loathes Putin's regime and is trapped in a hell of his own making ................................................................................................................................... 165

MI5 missed crucial chances to shut down a Russian spy ring stealing British naval secrets, four years before it was discovered because tip-off came from 'disgruntled wife' ................. 172

MI5 thought the Odeon cinema chain was a front for Russian spies, reveals newly classified National Archives file from 1940 ............................................................................................ 175

• Philby: I was the Kremlin's soldier ................................................................................... 177

• Missed chances to stop naval espionage ring ................................................................ 179

Notorious British traitor Kim Philby recommended a string of fellow UK communists to his Russian spymasters, confession released for the first time reveals ...................................... 180

Rwanda ....................................................................................................................................... 182

Moord op inligtingshoof in Suid-Afrika ................................................................................... 182

USA - Rhodesia .......................................................................................................................... 182

How the CIA sold out Rhodesia to assist Mugabe to come to power: Wolfgang Witschas .... 182

Israel ........................................................................................................................................... 183

Revealed: Extraordinary true story of Mossad super-agent who had '17 lovers' and staged sex parties with beautiful women to steal secrets from Syria's elite - inspiring Sacha Baron Cohen's new Netflix blockbuster 'The Spy' ............................................................................ 183

• Eli Cohen: Kommentaar deur HBH ................................................................................. 198

WANTED KNOWN | OP SOEK ................................................................................................... 199

• SA Polisie: Veiligheidstak: Plofstofeenheid: Philip Malherbe ......................................... 199

• SAP, SAW, SASPOL, NI Foto’s en stories ..................................................................... 199

LETTERS | BRIEWE ................................................................................................................... 199

• Nongqai Vol 10 No 9: Koot Swanepoel ........................................................................... 199

• 1963 – 1964: Moord op Joyce Gardner: Port Elizabeth: Julie van der Merwe ................ 200

WhatsApp Message and Two Photos: To Jim Hooper from Toffie Risk ................................ 200

• 1960: Sunnyside se Speurders: Barry Taylor ................................................................. 201

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• Eerste SAW Ops. Valskermsprong: Bwabwata-basis: Paul Els, Louis Lubbe en HBH ... 202

LAST WORD: REV CHARISSE LE ROUX ................................................................................. 204

INDEMNITY & © | VRYWARING & © .......................................................................................... 204

End | Slot ............................................................................................................................... 204

Voorwoord: Lt.-genl. A van H Beukes (Oud-SAP Veiligheidstak en polisie-intelligensie afd.)

In beginsel poog die NONGQAI om die leser oor ‘n wye verskeidenheid aktuele asook

interessante brokkies m.b.t. nasionale veiligheid per se te oriënteer.

Die samesteller spandeer letterlik honderde ure aan toegewyde navorsing om ‘n produktiewe

uitgawe aan die leser beskikbaar te stel. Hierdie inhoud sal hopelik veel daartoe bydrae ook in die

toekoms betroubare en geloofwaardige annale van die polisie, weermag, spoorwegpolisie en

nasionale inligting daar te stel. Daar word gefokus op beskikbare feite. In hierdie verband word

bv. verwys na die indrukwekkende reeks artikels oor “Operasie Koevoet” deur die wereld bekende

outeur mnr. Jim Hooper wat met hierdie uitgawe eindig. Die samesteller vermoed dat daar beslis

meer inligting oor Koevoet aan u, as lesers, bekend is. U kan dit gerus aan die samesteller

beskikbaar stel.

Die artikel “To spy or not to spy” word juis op die oomblik ‘n globale verskynsel waaraan Suid-

Afrika as lid van BRICS nie kan ontsnap nie. Net soos state op mekaar “spioeneer” raak

industriële spioenasie –sogenaamde “industrial espionage” – ook noodsaaklik: Bv. Mercedes Benz

wil kennis dra oor BMW of Toyota se beplanning en innovasies, die sogenaamde “R & D”. Boeing

kan slegs oorleef indien bv. Airbus se “R&D” aan die Boeing ingineurs beskikbaar is. Hoe, en waar

en wanneer en vir hoeveel hierdie beplanning bekom word, is vir die direksie van akademiese

belang!

Indien u as leser in een of ander opsig sou verskil word u uitgenooi om met die samesteller te

skakel sodat die eindproduk immers verbeter kan word. U is terselfdertyd welkom om enige

aanvullende inligting, foto’s en verhale met die samesteller te deel. Die samesteller onderneem

om alle sodanige data en inligting optimaal te benut en ook erkenning aan sy bronne te gee. U is

welkom om ‘n bydrae te lewer om die geskiedenis van more en oormore vir die nageslag te

bewaar: Meer nog, om daardie lesers korrek in te lig oor dit wat die samesteller en vandag se

leser ervaar.

M.b.t. spioenasie wil die samesteller weereens verwys na een van die mees suksesvolste

infiltrasie-agente wat Suid-Afrika, in die persoon van maj. Craig Williamson opgelewer het, waar

hy in die buiteland daarin geslaag het om die interne beplanning van verskeie anti-RSA instansies

en persoonlikhede kon vasgestel het.

Die samesteller poog voortdurend om ‘n interessante en insiggewende produk daar te stel. In talle

gevalle is die inligting subjektief beoordeel. U as leser kan meehelp om die objektiwiteit van die

inhoud na ‘n hoërskool vlak te neem. Dit is geensins enige bedoeling om die verlede te verheerlik

of op te hemel nie: Die benadering is slegs daarop gerig, om dit wat bekend is, altyd in perspektief

oor te dra. Die samesteller glo dat hierdie benadering u goedkeuring sal wegdra. U samewerking

word hoog op prys gestel.

U belangstelling en ondersteuning word hoog op prys gestel.

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ADMINISTRATION | ADMINISTRASIE

Publisher | Uitgewer The Nongqai is compiled by Hennie Heymans (HBH) a retired Brigadier of the late South African Police Force and this e-magazine is published on ISSUU. Hennie lives in Pretoria, ZA. He is passionate about our police-, military- and national security history and holds a MA-degree in National Strategic Studies. Any opinions expressed by him, are entirely his own. Die Nongqai word saamgestel deur Hennie Heymans (HBH), 'n afgetrede brigadier van die voormalige Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiemag en hierdie e-tydskrif word op ISSUU gepubliseer. Hennie woon in Pretoria, ZA. Hy is passievol oor ons polisie-, militêre- en nasionale veiligheidsgeskiedenis en het 'n MA-graad in Nasionale Strategiese Studies verwerf. Enige menings wat hy uitspreek, is uitsluitlik sy eie.

Contact Details | Kontakbesonderhede

Aim | Doel Our goal is to collect and record our national security history for publication in the Nongqai for future generations. Ons doel is om die nasionale veiligheidsgeskiedenis in die Nongqai aan te teken en so vir die nageslagte bewaar.

Policy | Beleid We publish the articles and stories as we receive them from our correspondents; we only correct the spelling mistakes. It's important to publish the stories in the form and context as we receive them from our correspondents. Policemen and defence personnel have their own language. We are not a scientific or literary journal. We only work with historical building blocks. Ons gebruik die artikels en stories soos ons dit van ons korrespondente ontvang; ons maak slegs die spelfoute reg. Dis belangrik om die stories te bewaar in die vorm en in die konteks soos ons dit ontvang. Lede van die veiligheidsmagte het hul eie taal en ons moet dit ook so aanteken. Ons is nie ‘n letterkundige of wetenskaplike joernaal nie. Ons werk slegs met die boustene van geskiedenis.

Welcome | Welkom Baie welkom by hierdie maand se uitgawe. Die jaar stap aan soos ‘n span trekosse wat ‘n

transportwa trek, elke dag word ‘n tog afgelê en so kom ons elke dag nader aan Kersfees en die

einde van die jaar. Nuwe Jaar lê al en wink vir ons! Die tyd vlieg! Ons moet die tyd uitkoop! Wat

my tref is hoeveel bekende mense sterf elke dag. Ek het my telefoonboekie op datum gebring!!!

Dis nogal; ‘n ontnugtering. Ons wat oorbly is geseënd om met ons geliefdes te wees. Ons moet

uitreik na ons familie en vriende, ons moet bly wees om hulle te sien en met hulle gesels asof dit

die laaste keer gaan wees!

Onthou, skryf u storie, soms kan ons net op u geskrewe

weergawe terugval want dit is al wat daar is.

Deel u SAP- en SAW-foto’s met ons!

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My lessenaar lyk ook so! As Petro my lessenaar reggepak het, kry ek “niks” wat ek soek daarop nie.

• Intelligensie of inligting Ek wens so mense wil van INLIGTING praat wanneer hulle “intelligensie” bedoel. Ons reageer op bewese inligting. Ons vorm ook ons opinie nadat ons inligting ingewin het. Die ou SA Weermag was korrek toe hulle van afdeling militêre inligting gepraat het. In Engels is die woord INTELLIGENCE korrek want dit dui op inligting sowel as op die IK waaroor ‘n mens beskik. In Afrikaans is daar ‘n verskil tussen inligting, voorligting en intelligensie!

• Onderskepping & Meeluistering Ons verwys na regter Roland Sutherland se uitspraak oor die inligtingsdienste se meeluistering van gesprekke en opvang van sms-boodskappe en dies meer. Ons het vir genl. Andre Beukes en vir maj. Craig Williamson vir kommentaar genader. Die uitsprake word elders in hierdie tydskrif gepubliseer. As nagraadse student het ek ‘nasionale inligting’ bestudeer en daar o.a. vasgestel dat daar slegs drie bronne van inligting is: Overte bronne, koverte bronne en tegniese bronne. Laasgenoemde bron is amper so wyd soos die Heer se genade. Dit sluit in telefoon-, selfoongesprekke, sms-boodskappe, Facebookinskrywings en rekenaar-onderskeppings in. Ons kan ook mense se ligging en roete vasstel met sy selfoon en ook die gebruik van bv. bankkaarte. Ons beskik oor GPS en allerhande nuwerwetse aan- en toepassings. Vir die polisieman, speurder, inligtingsagent, teen-inligtingsoperateur en militêre inligtingsagent is tegniese inligting ‘n vereiste. Ons moet die land beskerm, ons moet ons inwoners en ons eie geheime beskerm teen ons vyande. Inligting is kennis en kennis is mag. Vandag is daar ook hewige ekonomiese, inter-kontinentale spioenasie, want tyd is geld. Hoe gouer ek my produk op die rak kan plaas hoe gouer maak ek geld. As ek ‘n ander instansie se

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proewe kan steel spaar ek tyd en geld. Net soos die militêr, het die sakewêreld ook sy eie manier boodskappe te enkodeer en te dekodeer. Baie geld is op die spel!

• “To spy or not to spy” Ek is die eerste een om te sê die pers moet heel te maal vry wees – hulle is die sogenaamde “fourth estate”. Los die pers uit! In die verlede moes ons nooit die pers gemuilband het nie! Ons was verkeerd! Selfs as jong polisieman het ek gedink die muilbandbepalings van die polisiewet, wet op gevangenisse en verdedigingswet is verkeerd. As ons “droog maak” plaas dit op die voorblad want dit hou ons op ons tone! (Ek praat nie van die ontbloting van geheime nie.) Straf ons as ons verkeerd is, maar pasop as ons verkeerdelik beskuldig word. Natuurlik het die media ook ‘n rol om te speel in die demokrasie! Natuurlik het die media ook baie

goeie bronne, fluitjieblasers en persone wat inligting aan die pers verkoop. Inligtingsmense wil nie

deur die media ore aangesit word nie. Daarom het ons baie bronne in die media gehad. Ons wou

weet wat aangaan en ons het geweet!

Natuurlik word gesprekke boodskappe wettig (en soms onwettig) onderskep, dit is noodsaaklik en

onderskepping moet heimlik geskied en met groot verantwoordelikheid toegepas word.

Dis naïef om te verklaar: “Hou op om te spioeneer!” Vertel dit vir die politici. Indien iets sou gebeur

is die politikus die eerste om te vra: “Waarom het jy my nie voortydig ingelig nie? Waarom moet ek

dit in die koerant lees?” Wat gebeur as ons nie voorbereid is op ‘n verrassingsaanval nie?

In ‘n ideale wêreld geskied alles regmatig en volgens reëls! Maar soms is die staat, m.i.

geregverdig om, in spoedeisende gevalle, buite die reg op te tree. Dink maar aan ‘n

middernagtelike ontvoering of dreigende bomontploffing op ‘n Sondagmiddag wat baie lede van

die publiek kan beseer. Dan is die staat m.i. geregverdig om op te tree en onderskeppings te

doen. Ook in so ‘n ondersoek kan mens die telefone die verdagte se vriende en familie

proefondervindelik onderskep in ‘n poging om ‘n saak op te los. Soms is die inligting

lewensbelangrik en die spoed waarmee die ondersoek gedoen word van kardinale belang.

Aan die anderkant het ons met die toepassing van die onderskepping van boodskappe baie

belangrike inligting bekom wat bomontploffings gekeer het. Soms moet die polisieman of geheime

agent ook op sy instink staatmaak en “inskakel” waar hy dink dis op daardie oomblik nodig.

Daarom het 007, James Bond, se baas, “M” verklaar: “In this game you must know who to

trust. It is all a matter of trust!”1

Die staat mag natuurlik nooit onnodig op sy burgers spioeneer nie. Soms samel ons inligting in vir

latere gebruik of as agtergrond kennis. Daarom het ons leggers en dossiere op verdagte persone

en het ons ook hul vingerafdrukke – vandag kan mens seker verwag dat die verdagte se DNA ook

op sy legger is? Ek weet nie. As ek ‘n spioenasiebaas was sou ek al my departement se

verdagtes se DNA op legger hê. Ons moet die land en sy burgers kan beskerm teen aanvalle van

ultra-links, ultra-regs en vanuit die buiteland.

Natuurlik as jy niks verkeerd doen nie, het jy niks te vrees nie! Dit is die algemene siening. ‘n

Departement wat inligting insamel kan ook buite sy landsgrense, bv. in ‘n ander land soos

Lesotho, meeluister wat in Suid-Afrika gesê of geskryf word. So ook, kan Lesotho se

inligtingsdiens waarneming doen oor wat binne in Suid-Afrika aangaan. Die permutasies is legio.

Die owerheid in Bonn kan bv. inluister na iemand in Kaapstad, wat met ‘n selfoon gesels met

iemand in Europa? Enigiets is moontlik.

1 "You remain the guardians of freedom. You protect the secrets and hold them in trust for your fellow citizens,

and there can be no excuse for breaking that trust." – President Reagan.

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In die buiteland het ek gesien hoe tien duisend telefone gelyktydig onderskep word. Ek het bietjie

na Edward Snowden se onthullings gaan loer en is verbaas oor wat hy alles kwyt geraak het:

Edward Snowden, was 'n voormalige kontrakteur vir die CIA, het die VSA aan die einde van Mei

2013 verlaat nadat hy inligting oor uitgebreide internet- en telefoonbewaking deur die

Amerikaanse intelligensie aan die media gelek het. Mnr. Snowden, wat tydelik asiel in Rusland

toegestaan is, het klagtes van spioenasie in die gesig weens sy optrede. Hy het ons bv. deur die

media meegedeel dat daar na bewering:

• Tientalle miljoene Amerikaners se telefoonrekords deur die NSA versamel word

• ‘n Geheime Amerikaanse hofbevel bestaan wat die telekommunikasiemaatskappy Verizon

gelas het om al sy telefoondata op 'n "deurlopende daaglikse basis" aan die NSA te

oorhandig.

• op die bedieners van nege internetondernemings, insluitend Facebook, Google, Microsoft

en Yahoo, deur die NSA ingesleutel word om aanlynkommunikasie op te spoor in 'n

toesigprogram bekend as Prism.

• Deur die Britse GCHQ via Prism inligting oor die aanlynmaatskappye versamel is.

• 600 miljoen kommunikasies elke dag deur die GCHQ gemonitor word.

• Daar na bewering inligting oor internet- en telefoongebruik vir tot 30 dae gestoor om gesif

en ontleed te word.

• Telefoonoproepe deur NSA afgeluister in Italië word en internetverkeer moniteer.

• Drie ondersese kabels met terminale in Italië geteiken word. Die destydse Italiaanse

premier, Enrico Letta, het die bewerings 'ondenkbaar en onaanvaarbaar' bestempel en

gesê hy wil die waarheid vasstel.

• Amerika ook die Chinese-netwerke kraak (en sekerlik anders om ook????)

Nadat hy na Hongkong gevlug het, het Edward Snowden ook aan die South China Morning Post

gesê die NSA het wêreldwyd meer as 61,000 kuberkraker-operasies gelei, waaronder baie in

Hong Kong en die vasteland van China. Edward Snowden het gesê die teikens in Hong Kong sluit

die Chinese Universiteit, openbare amptenare en ondernemings in. Mnr. Snowden is aangehaal

en het gesê dat hulle netwerke se ruggraat-kaarte - soos groot internetroeteerders - basies kraak,

wat hul toegang gee tot die kommunikasie van honderde duisende rekenaars.

• Volgens sy onthullings in Der Spiegel-tydskrif in Duitsland het die NSA ook op die kantore

van die Europese Unie in die VSA en Europa gespioeneer.

• Die tydskrif het gesê dat die NSA-dokumente uitgelek is wat toon dat die VSA op interne

rekenaarnetwerke van die Europese Unie in Washington en by die VN-kantoor van 27 lede

in New York gespioeneer het. Die koerant het bygevoeg dat Edward Snowden die 'top

geheime' lêers getoon het.

• Der Spiegel, in een dokument van September 2010, het die EU-verteenwoordiging by die

VN uitdruklik genoem as 'n "inligtingsteiken".

• Volgens die lêers is die NSA ook 'n elektroniese afluister-operasie uitgevoer in 'n gebou in

Brussel, waar die EU-ministersraad en die Europese Raad gesetel is.

• Dit is nie bekend watter inligting Amerikaanse spioene kon verkry het nie. Waarnemers

meen egter dat besonderhede van Europese standpunte oor handels- en militêre

aangeleenthede nuttig kan wees vir diegene wat by die VSA en die EU-onderhandelinge

betrokke is.

• Die Duitse regering het die Amerikaanse ambassadeur ingeroep - 'n baie ongewone stap -

nadat die Duitse media berig het dat die NSA die kanselier Angela Merkel se selfoon

meegeluister het. Sy het die saak telefonies met die Amerikaanse president Barack Obama

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bespreek. Hy het haar die versekering gegee dat haar oproepe nie gemonitor word nie en

dat dit nie in die toekoms sou gebeur nie

• Frankryk se president, Francois Hollande, het intussen sy skok uitgespreek oor berigte dat

miljoene Franse oproepe deur die VSA gemonitor is.

• The Guardian het later berig dat die NSA die telefone van 35 wêreldleiers gemonitor het.

Edward Snowden was die bron van die berig.

• Altesaam 38 ambassades en missies was die 'teikens' vir Amerikaanse spioenasie-

operasies, volgens 'n geheime lêer wat aan The Guardian gelek is.

• Die lande wat geteiken is, sluit Frankryk, Italië en Griekeland in, sowel as Amerika se nie-

Europese bondgenote soos Japan, Suid-Korea en Indië, lui die koerant op 1 Julie.

• Daar word ook gesê dat ambassades en missies van die EU in New York en Washington

onder toesig is.

• Die destydse Amerikaanse minister van buitelandse sake, John Kerry, het gesê dat

aktiwiteite ter beskerming van nasionale veiligheid "nie ongewoon is" in internasionale

betrekkinge nie.

• Amerikaanse bondgenote in Latyns-Amerika is kwaad na onthullings in die Brasiliaanse

koerant O Globo dat die NSA 'n kontinentwye toesigprogram het. In die koerant is daar

gelekte dokumente voorgelê wat toon dat die NSA, ten minste tot 2002, die operasie vanaf

'n basis in Brasilië uitgevoer het en beslag gelê het op die webverkeer en besonderhede

van telefoonoproepe van regoor die streek.

• Amerikaanse agente het blykbaar kragte saamgesnoer met die Brasiliaanse

telekommunikasiemaatskappye om olie- en energieondernemings, buitelandse besoekers

aan Brasilië, en groot spelers in Mexiko se dwelmoorloë in te palm. Mexiko, Brasilië,

Colombia en Chili het almal antwoorde van die VSA geëis.

• Berigte het daarop gewys dat die presidente van Mexiko en Brasilië se e-pos en

telefoongesprekke onderskep is.

• Die VSA het ook die Britse staatsbeheerde oliemaatskappy Petrobras bespied.

• Die destydse Brasiliaanse president Dilma Rousseff het 'n staatsbesoek aan die VSA

gekanselleer in die hoogste diplomatieke stap sedert die skandaal.

• Dokumente wat destyds aan die Washington Post gelek is, het aangedui dat die NSA

honderde kere per jaar honderde kere die Amerikaanse privaatheidswette verbreek.

• Die Washington Post het destyds berig dat Amerikaanse spioenasie-agentskappe in 2013

'n 'swart begroting' gehad het vir geheime operasies van byna $ 53 miljard.

• SMS-boodskappe 'versamel en geberg'

• In Januarie 2014 het The Guardian-koerant en Channel 4 News berig dat die VSA bykans

200 miljoen sms-boodskappe per dag regoor die wêreld versamel en geberg het.

• Die dokumente het ook onthul dat GCHQ die NSA-databasis gebruik het om inligting te

soek oor mense in die Verenigde Koninkryk.

Soos gesien kan word, word triljoene VSA dollars wêreldwyd bestee om mee te luister, om

bewegings ens. te monitor. Dwelmbase pas hulle eie teen-inligtings operasies toe.

Die polisie het ‘n regsplig om burgers te beskerm terwyl die weermag weer ‘n regsplig het om die

land en sy mense te verdedig.

Hoe gaan dit gedoen word sonder om te spioeneer?

Die media het ‘n verpligting om die publiek voor te lig. Hoe gaan die media sy taak uitvoer sonder

inligting? Natuurlik het die media ook bronne en spesiale ondersoekende joernaliste.

Nee wat ek dink “to spy” sal werk; want ons moet maar “spy” om te oorleef!

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ELEKTRONIESE BEDIENING: KOOT SWANEPOEL

Fil. 2:5. “Want hierdie gesindheid moet in julle wees wat ook in Christus Jesus was.”

Jy hou ‘n koppie koffie vas, en iemand stamp per ongeluk of aspris teen jou, en dit maak dat die koffie spat oral. Hoekom het jy die koffie laat spat? Jy het die koffie laat spat omdat daar koffie in die koppie was. Was daar tee in die koppie, sou jy tee laat spat het. Die punt is, wat ookal in die koppie was, sou jy laat spat het. Daarom, wanneer die lewe by jou verby kom en stamp of skud jou, wat ookal in jou is, sal uit kom. Dit is maklik om dit te verbloem of na te maak, totdat jy jou vervies het. So, ons moet ons self afvra: “Wat is in my koppie?” Wanneer die lewe moeilik raak, wat spat uit my uit? Blydskap, dankbaarheid, vrede en nederigheid? Of kom daar toornigheid, bitterheid, nors woorde en aggressie uit my uit? Dit is jou keuse! Kom ons werk vandag daaraan en ons maak ons “koppies” vol met dankbaarheid, vriendelikheid, blydskap, vrede, woorde van bemoediging, sagmoedigheid en liefde vir mekaar.

Want my en jou Bybel sê in Gal 2:20 “Ek is met Christus gekruisig, en ék leef nie meer nie, maar Christus leef in my. En wat ek nou in die vlees lewe, leef ek deur die geloof in die Seun van God wat my liefgehad het en Homself vir my oorgegee het.”

Kom ons gee onsself oor!

Koot Swanepoel

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FRONT COVER | VOORBLAD

General Andreas Jacobus ('Kat') Liebenberg: Lt. Col. William Marshall

NONGQAI VOL 10 NO 10 (Cover - October Edition) General AJ 'Kat' Liebenberg File source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:General_Andreas_%27Kat%27_Liebenberg.jpg

Gen. AJ “Kat” Liebenberg Surprisingly few people, either inside the military or out, know a great deal about Lieutenant General Andre Liebenberg, who took command of the SADF in late 1985. Lieutenant General Andre Liebenberg, Chief of the Army, is the unknown man of the four service chiefs. Newspaper clipping files on him are thin. If one wants to find out what makes him tick one has to speak to people who have known and worked with him. The records show that he is another of the fast-risers among the present generation of senior military officers. He was born on April 18 of 1938 at Upington in the Northern Cape, his first taste of the Army came when he enlisted at the Army Gymnasium for a year after leaving school. After his years’ service he enrolled for a law degree at Stellenbosch University. In 1959 het obtained a degree in Law from the University of Stellenbosch. Then he re-joined the Army in 1960, and from then on, his career moved forward in swift bounds. In July of 1960 he was a candidate-officer at the SA Military College, a year later a platoon commander at First City Field Training Regiment. In 1964, by now captain, he became a staff officer in the office of the Director Infantry at Army Headquarters. There he stayed till 1969 when, with the rank of commandant, he was posted to London as a military attaché. He married Helena Johanna (Crafford) and together they had two daughters and a son. In 1972 he returned from London to become second in command of the Army Gymnasium. Two years later he was back at Army Headquarters as a Staff Officer. Seven months later he was given another plum post that of Director Infantry, and in December 1977, as a colonel, he took over the hottest seat in Namibia: Officer Commanding 2 Military Area (later Sector 10) at Oshakati, nerve-centre of the main war against SWAPO. He stayed there till January 1980, when he became Director of Operations at Army Headquarters with the rank of brigadier. Just over two years later — at the age of only 42 and 22 years after commencing his military career in earnest — he was promoted to Major General and General Officer Commanding Special Forces. There he worked quietly away till July of 1985, when it was announced he would become Chief of the Army on the 01 November of that year, in the rank of Lieutenant General. Weeks of high speculation had resulted in a more or less generally-accepted short list of two — and neither of them was Kat Liebenberg. Yet when the announcement was made, those who know him nodded in approbation of the choice. Somehow it was typical of the man both friends and

16

enemies call by his nickname — “Kat”. The origin of his nickname Kat is obscured by the mists of time — although it is known to date back to his school days — but it appears to be an appropriate one. When Liebenberg moves, they say, he moves fast and quietly, even when he is shuffling papers instead of making war. A former subordinate says: “Liebenberg doesn’t amble around the place. You won’t find him taking a stroll from one office to another”. Liebenberg has never been a very public figure, even while occupying fairly high-profile appointments. One of his former subordinates professes admiration while at the same time confessing that in some ways, he remained an enigma in spite of a close association lasting most of a year. Physically he is vastly different from his predecessor, Jannie Geldenhuys. Both are of medium height, but Liebenberg is very broad in the shoulders and distinctly stocky in build. He is prematurely bald and sports a large, sweeping moustache, both of which help to make him look older than his 49 years. Jocularly known in the corridors of military power by the painful alternative nick name of “die muisvanger” (the mouse-catcher), he is said to be a meticulous planner and organiser — “I was involved with some of the ops he planned”, an officer said “and you couldn’t fault him anywhere”. In personality he and his predecessor differ widely though both of them are given to knock-’em-down bridge sessions. Like Geldenhuys, he is not an inspired public speaker, but when he addresses a planning session or order group, a former associate says, “he’s to the point, and you listen to what he says . . . and if you’re sitting in an order group with him you had better know what the hell you’re talking about”. Liebenberg may not be an eloquent speaker, but he had a reputation as a good communicator. One typical comment is: “He gets his message across; you know exactly what he wants, and at the same time he gives you more than enough opportunity to say ‘I don’t know what the hell you want’”. After that you’re on your own. Liebenberg sets high standards for himself and requires his followers to attain them as well — and then some. At the time of his appointment a Permanent Force officer who served under Liebenberg commented with considerable relish: “Some people in the Army have got their own ideas about how to do things. But they had better watch out. Kat Liebenberg’s going to kick a few arses around here, I’ll tell you that”. But Liebenberg apparently has the knack of booting backsides without leaving permanent scars. “If you don’t do your job”, says a resident of Defence Headquarters who was often in hot water while serving under Liebenberg as a junior officer, “you’ll get a clout. But at the same time, he’s a human being as well. He doesn’t hold a grudge . . . “I’d sooner be jumped on by about 20 other generals than Kat Liebenberg. Not because he’s vicious with you, but because you feel so bad about it — you feel you’ve let him down . . . but the man leaves you with your dignity intact. You still feel like a human being when you walk out of there”. This is where Liebenberg strongly resembles his two predecessors, generals Constant Viljoen and Jan Geldenhuys — concern for his troops, and his ability to inspire loyalty without favouritism or playing to the gallery. A notoriously hard-nosed and irreverent middle-level officer says: “When you see Kat Liebenberg for the first time, you’re inclined to see this harsh character sitting there, but I’d work for that guy any day of the week . . . “There is a humanity about the man. He’s a very tough cookie — he’s no teddy bear — but at the same time he has an aura about him; it’s as if he is asking you to produce without actually asking you, even if you have very little contact with him. “You don’t walk in fear and trembling of him unless he’s fighting you, and he’s always approachable as far as the welfare of his people is concerned. I’d even be inclined to put it this way: If you scratch a member of the Army, Kat Liebenberg will haemorrhage. That’s how he feels about his people; he follows the whole Army philosophy of ‘look down’. “If you want to sum the guy up, I’d say he evokes loyalty just by being around. As a human being, I’ve got the greatest respect and admiration for him. It borders almost on a brotherly feeling for him”. He served as Chief of the South African Defence Force from 1990 to 1993. He was also a member of the Defence Committee of the Transitional Executive Council which supervised the South African government during the final months leading up the first democratic election in 1994. He retired from the SADF in 1993.

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Gen. Kat Liebenberg (60), ex-chief of the SA Defence Force, died of cancer in Pretoria on 23 May 1998.

DECORATIONS AND MEDALS

• Order of the Star of South Africa Gold (SSA)

• Order of the Star of South Africa Silver (SSAS)

• Star for Outstanding Service (SOE)

• Southern Cross Decoration (SD)

• Southern Cross Medal - Second Type (SM)

• Military Merit Medal (MMM)

• Good service medal gold, silver and bronze

• Southern African medal

• General Service medal

• SA Police Star for Outstanding Service

• Order of the Cloud and Banner - with Grand Cordon (2nd Grade) (ORB) (Taiwan) Reference: Supplement to the Financial Mail July 10, 1987 - Author unknown.

VISIT OUR WEBSITE | BESOEK ONS WEBWERF

http://www.samirror.com

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Operation “K”

Koevoet History Clarified: © Jim Hooper

KOEVOET HISTORY CLARIFIED

Copyright © Jim Hooper Thirty years after Koevoet was disbanded, controversies still rage around it. High amongst them is the “disrespect” shown to dead insurgents by tying them to the sides of OPS K’s Casspirs or Wolf Turbo armoured cars. It has been told so many times that it has entered the public consciousness as undisputed fact. Further, that it was Standard Operating Procedure. Did it ever happen? Yes. In my five months in the veld with the South West Africa Police Counter Insurgency Unit I saw it. Once. On that occasion the gevegsgroep I was with killed three insurgents near the village Okatope on the “Oom Willie se Pad”. After reporting the contact, the team leader was told to take the bodies to Eenhana for possible identification by captured insurgents. If names could be attached and linked to specific PLAN detachments in Angola, the intelligence benefits were obvious. Gaps in the enemy’s Order of Battle could be filled; force strengths better estimated; future attacks easier to predict; the locations of sympathetic kraals revealed infiltration routes. Displaying the corpses was not a ghoulish exercise to intimidate the local population; it was about stopping the enemy and saving the lives of the security forces and innocent Owambo civilians. Of the 15 to 20 contacts I witnessed, this was the only one when the bodies were not left where they fell. Critics who insist otherwise never rode with the teams, but enjoy telling stories round the braai after a few beers. “When I was a Koevoet” – we all know Walter Mitty types who claim to have been in Koevoet, 32 Bn, Recces or Parabats but never heard a shot fired in anger – “we did it all the time.” Nonsense. The reasons for leaving dead insurgents in the veld should be obvious. Ask any medical professional about the threat of blood-borne diseases like hepatitis and HIV. Inasmuch as all of us were criss-crossed with scratches from bundu-bashing, the risk of infection was always present. Further, no matter how good a warrior is at destroying his enemy, he does not want to spend more time next to the results than is absolutely necessary. Being forced to see and smell the remains does nothing for combat readiness or morale. Make no mistake, a .50 calibre bullet can tear a body to pieces; smaller calibres can take off an arm or leg. I saw it in Namibia; in Angola with Unita; in northwest Africa with the Sudan People’s Liberation Army and with all three sides in Bosnia. Very seldom did I take photographs of the

19

scenes: they would have contributed nothing to my reports for Jane’s Defence Weekly, International Defence Review or other magazines read by military professionals (nor would the editors have used them). Other magazines, such as Soldier of Fortune and similar UK, French and German publications would have eagerly published them for readerships made up of fantasists, wannabes and voyeurs. The one war when I broke my rule was in Sudan where SPLA rebels ambushed a vastly superior force of the Islamic government’s army and killed at least 2,000 of its soldiers. By the time I arrived five days later, most had been reduced to rotting corpses or skeletons by the heat, insects, birds and animals. The smell was enough to turn the strongest stomach. But images of the two-kilometre-long column of burned-out vehicles surrounded by the dead were integral to the story. In Owamboland, the story was how and why Koevoet excelled in the counterinsurgency role. In order to document the symbiosis of competent leaders, superb trackers, unique tactics and specialised equipment I shot almost 250 rolls of high-quality colour and black and white film. Of the 3,000 or so images, barely a dozen show dead bodies. Why? Because they added nothing to the story. I was also aware that any such images might one day be seen by families, which would have been unnecessarily cruel. In the one I include in this article the face was in shadow. Although confident that he could never been identified, I still framed it not to show a left arm almost severed between elbow and shoulder, a fist-size hole in the side of the head, or a lower leg traumatically amputated by bullets. This image and two other equally anonymous photos are the only ones from the Border War I’ve ever allowed to be published.

To help put it in context with another war I include here a passage from the book I wrote about my brother’s tour in Vietnam. Jack Bentley, whose diary entry follows was one of Bill Hooper’s fellow aviators. Lt Mike LaFramboise was a Marine artillery observer who regularly flew with the unit and whose photo appears in a piece I wrote for the Nongqai Vol 9, Issue 2 last year. Jack Bentley: Mike LaFramboise was killed in Len Bumgardner’s back seat when a 12.7 came through the bottom of the airplane. It took off Mike’s right leg and blew his hand off several inches above the wrist. He bled to death before Bumgardner could reach the nearest base.

20

The airplane became a problem. Mike’s blood had drained into every nook and cranny in the tail section. After a few hours in the intense heat, the smell inside was overwhelming. In the days that followed, the maintenance crew dismantled and steam cleaned the interior of the tail section several times, but the odour remained. No one wanted to fly it. Armchair critics of Koevoet should try to imagine themselves a team leader who decides to transport enemy corpses. To show respect for insurgents who have just tried to kill you and your men, you insist that the bodies are placed in the narrow centre aisles of your Casspirs. It is summer and the temperature is 35+. Blood and soft tissue drip and soak the 1cm-thick carpet on the floor and seep under the seats and into crevices. Stomach wounds have sprayed the contents of bladder and intestines. To escape some of the stench, your men sit around the top of the car. It is the height of the infiltration season. You may have to drive three or four hours through thick bush at 10–15 kph to reach an RV where intelligence officers are waiting. During those hours, there is the constant threat of an ambush. If one happens, your men sitting outside make easy targets. Those who take cover before being hit are hindered in returning fire by having to stand or kneel on reeking corpses. All of which means that, to show how sensitive and caring you are, you have deliberately put your team members’ lives at risk. Congratulations. Again, during my time embedded with Koevoet, only once did I see the dead tied over wheel arches or bumpers. I’ll be the first to say that my half-year in the veld did not make me an expert on the unit’s SOPs. But my amateur’s view is that anyone who places “respect” for dead enemies over the welfare of his own men has no business leading them in combat. Given the realities of Koevoet’s war, here’s a simple question: why was it immoral to occasionally tie corpses on the outside of the cars yet perfectly acceptable to, at best, expose your brothers-in-arms to long-term disease or, at worst, to death or permanently crippling wounds? I look forward to a logical answer from armchair warriors who choose to repeat unproven allegations told by people who heard them from other people, who heard them from other people, who heard them from other people. Always absent are details of where in Owamboland it happened, when it happened or which Koevoet team did it. As a writer I prefer facts to unsubstantiated rumour; anyone who wasn’t there should do the same.

Other items of Police History: Ander items oor Polisie-geskiedenis

Hoe vergelyk die SAPD met die res van Afrika? Philip Malherbe

Uiteraard, van nature, nie teen staande die feit, heel moontlik, inherent, onverwant, moontlik nie polities korrek nie, heel moontlik onregverdig, nie van toepassing, buite orde, onregverdige vergelyking, word te na gekom, moedswillig, haatspraak, audi alterem partem-reël – mag ek heel moontlik nie sodanige vergelyking maak nie. Dus speel ek veilig en meld alle bronne. Die Wêreld Interne Veiligheid en polisie Indeks het die volgende rangorde van die 10 beste polisiemagte in Afrika uitgereik. Die kriteria wat gebruik word sluit die volgende in:

• Die vermoë om die gemeenskap te beveilig;

• Kapasiteit (getalle);

• Prosesse (korrupsie, effektiwiteit, aanmelding van misdaad);

• Legaliteit (vertroue van die gemeenskap en /of korrekte stappe geneem word, asook die erkenning van die regte van die gemeenskap);

• Uitkoms (misdaadstatistiek en oplosbaarheid syfer). Die tien beste polisiedienste in Afrika, is as volg: https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=I6RwXcjdI4THwALhzoz4CA&q=Botswana+police+logo+uniform 1. Botswana – in terme van mees effektiewe en hoë presteerder, wat veral ʼn beduidende verskil in die afname van dwelms teweeg bring.

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https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=BKVwXZzRC4bQwALHg6H4DA&q=rwanda+police+logo+uniform 2. Rwanda – het gepresteer in prosesse (korrupsie, effektiwiteit, aanmelding van misdaad); het ook hul privaat sekuriteit maatskappye drasties verminder, met die oogmerk om hul mandaat, na te kom, te wete die beveiliging van die gemeenskap.

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=179uXdimNiDhbIP_7Kk6AY&q=algerian+police+logo+&oq=algerian+police+logo+uniform 3. Algerië – Goed toegerus met hulpbronne en het daarin geslaag om die veiligheid van die land se uitdagings die hoof te bied.

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=IcBuXcb_CIqfgQaHvLDADw&q=senegal+police+logo+uniform. 4. Senekal – afgesien daarvan dat hulle die sokkerkampioene in Afrika is, is hulle ook besig om die oorhand oor misdaad te kry. Hul word geloof vir die feit dat hul hul misdaadoperasies geheim kan hou, en die oorhand begin kry oor die misdadigers.

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=XsBuXb7XHYWRhbIPzfuCCA&q=tunesie+police+logo+uniform 5. Tunisië – het te doen met voortdurende uitdagings van afwesige en beseerde polisielede wat jaarliks toeneem. Word ook beskou as een van die mees korrupste in Afrika.

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https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=vsBuXam2IPmGhbIPlKys4Ao&q=egypt+police+logo+uniform 6. Egipte – laag in rangorde in vergelyking met sy militêre mag, wat een van die sterkste in Afrika is. Die polisie word daarvan beskuldig dat hulle die gemeenskap se regte ondermyn. Dan het die polisie ook hulle hande vol met die bestryding van terroriste.

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=_cBuXejeMsmO8gLGx4ugBg&q=burkina+faso+police+logo&uniform 7. Bukino Faso – hulle het massiewe uitdagings, meestal in die vorm van hul personeel te midde van terroriste bedreiging. Om dié stelling in perspektief te plaas – in die dorp Saaba Oos, is daar is slegs 20 polisie-lede om 80,000 mense te beskerm.

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=NcFuXd-jCc-EhbIPjNu3qAM&q=ghana+police+logo+uniform 8. Ghana – streef daarna om die beste polisie in Afrika te wees, het egter ʼn steil bult om te oorwin. Word ook as een van die mees korrupte polisie state in Afrika beskou.

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=Z8FuXemACJTD8gK854DAAQ&q=south+african+police+logo+uniform

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9. Suid-Afrika – hier kom agteros ook in die kraal. Glad nie verbaas om te verneem dat hul so laag op die prestasie lys is nie. Met R 52 miljoen wat op 169 flitsligte spandeer word en duisende vuurwapens wat vermis word, is hulle voorbokke as dit by korrupsie kom. Met kapasiteit as beste bate – wat nie veel om die lyf het nie, weens hul swak produktiwiteit. Legaliteit, hul swakste punt. Die land se hoë moord en selfmoordsyfers, sorg vir ʼn ronde nul, en beïnvloed sy posisie en totale punt.

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=ocFuXeikOpWP8gL7pK-wCA&q=moroccan+police+logog+uniform 10. Marokko – het nie ʼn goeie rekord tov reaksietyd nie, hulle het egter begin tekenings toon, dat hulle poog om wet en orde te handhaaf.

Bron: https://briefly.co.za/5865-top-10-police-forces-africa.html

Polisieperd: “Selbourne”: Begrafnis: Veldmaarskalk JC Smuts

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Lt. Col. HW Madoc: SA Constabulary, Transvaal Police & Isle of Man Constabulary

Lieutenant-Colonel H. W. Madoc, Chief Constable of the Isle of Man, succeeded Colonel Freeth, M.V.O. in the office, his appointment by the Lieut.-Governor (Lord Raglan), being announced early in July, 1911. Previous to nomination to the control of the Isle of Man Constabulary, Col. Madoc was Acting-Commissioner of the Transvaal Police.2 He was appointed Major in the South African Constabulary in 1900, and subsequently became Lieutenant-Colonel commanding in the Western Transvaal District. He was promoted Assistant Inspector-General in 1906, and later became Acting Inspector General. On the amalgamation of the South African Constabulary and the Johannesburg Police, Colonel Madoc was appointed Deputy-Commissioner and second in command of the Transvaal Police. During the last Boer war, he saw considerable service and gained high distinction in connection with the defence of Kimberley and the relief of Mafeking.3

2 Col. Begs-Burn was Commissioner of the TP. Col Truter took over as Commissioner of the TP and Chief-Commissioner of the new SAP – HBH. 3 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/exans/prt_1912.htm (13 Sept. 2019)

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Refusal by #SAPS Members in Assisting Complainants to Open Criminal Dockets in Terms of National Instruction 3 of 2011

#KnowYourRightsAsComplainant

1. It has been reported that members stationed at various police stations are refusing to open cases involving women and children due to the following reasons:

1.1The complainant cannot identify the suspect by name;

1.2 The complainant did not bring the suspect to the police station;

1.3 The crime did not happen within the station's boundaries;

1.4 The member who is attending to the complainant does not think that it is serious enough;

1.5 Complainants are told to resolve the dispute with the suspect.

2. This is #UNACCEPTABLE.

3. National Instruction 3 of 2011 regulates opening & registration of case dockets.

3.1 Section 1 of the national instruction; a member who receives the complaint must interview the complainant in order to see if the complaint meets the requirement for that specific crime.

3.2 According to Section 2, Complainants must never be referred to another police station even if the crime was committed in another police station area.

4. #CommunityServiceCentre Responsible for ensuring that:

4.1 Complainants or reporters of crime, whether the crime was committed in his/her station area or in the station area of another police station, are treated courteously and that a comprehensive affidavit is taken from the complainant or report of crime;

4.2 Complainants/Reporters of crime are not referred to another station to lodge complaints of crime;

4.3 All complaints or reports made by the public receive immediate attention.

5. Cluster Commanders and Station Commanders must ensure that all members who do not comply with National Instruction 3 of 2011 are subjected to disciplinary steps.

* Member of Public – Please Report if SAPS members refuse to open your case: #SAPSNationalComplaintCentre: Tel: 080 033 3177 or 0860264487

1907 – 1961: Nongqai, once again revived!

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Former Senior Detective Turns 85: WO Mike Nagamuthoo: Col. Logan Govender

Stalwart former police detective, Warrant Officer Mike Nagamuthoo celebrates a milestone

birthday in August 2019. He graciously turns 85 years old.

He was born at the infamous “Magazine Barracks” in Greyville, Durban on the 29th August 1935.

The family were forced to relocate to Glasgow, Verulam after his late Dad took ill.

He attend the Oakford Priory Convent School till Grade 8, thereafter he moved to Verulam High

until he matriculated.

During 1958 he was enlisted into the service and posted to Wentworth for a short spell thereafter

Clairwood after which he was sent to undergo basic training to Wentworth Police Depot as it

was called in those days.

After the 6 months of training he was posted to Clairwood where he spent a number of years

before being transferred to SAPS Loop Street and posted to Mountain Rise in 1968.

He worked under the command of Captains Tinus Nel and the legendary Bob Sewpersad.

Whilst at Mountain Rise, he was head of the CID.

In 1984 he was posted to the Guard Unit, Cape Town until his retirement in 1992.

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Detective Nagamuthoo, a humble to this day and still a disciplined member. There are only a

handful former members in their 80’s that are still alive. Captain Bob Sewpersad, Warrant

Officer Suklall and Detective Gops Reddy are the others. They are a but few, still surviving

former Indian police officers. Being over eighty years old is an exceptional feat amongst former

police officers as they were normally faced with numerous challenging and stressful situations

during the course and execution of their duties, which left them vulnerable to the many illnesses

and afflictions in consequence of their work circumstances.

A stalwart amongst the retired officers. He is both an encouragement and an inspiration to

everyone he comes into contact with. Only two officers have shared the name "Nagamuthoo".

Mike is one and the other is Brigadier Natty Govender, the former Head of Organizational and

Strategic Planning who have shared the name “Nagamuthoo”.

At meetings of retired officers of the social club members will hasten to gather around him, eagerly

enquiring about his “secret” for longevity and sharing in his life experiences. He has an exercise

and diet programme which he regularly follows.

He retired at the age of 60 after serving SAPS and the various communities of South Africa. He is

still married to his dear wife Angie, now 76 years old and have three seven grandchildren and four

great grandchildren.

Mike and his dear wife travelled widely throughout Europe and the East early in his retirement.

Logan - He is a stalwart amongst us and endeavours to attend every meeting whether in

Pietermaritzburg or Durban. Considering his age, this is remarkable achievement.

Logan Govender

Passing of a Decorated Former Colleague: Warrant Officer Lawrence Govender: Col. Logan Govender

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It is with much sadness and regret that I learnt of the passing of a former police colleague after a

long illness, Warrant Officer Lawrence Govender. He was a member of the Mountain Rise Police

Reservists Contingent for the greater part of his adulthood. Started with SAPS in 1982. He

volunteered and sacrificed his leisure time to serve his country and community with dedication and

distinction.

He placed the considerations of his community and country before that of himself and his

immediate family, that is his dear wife, Suraya and young son Dinesh is now a serving Police

Sergeant stationed at SAPS Flying Squad, Pietermaritzburg. Govender like other Reservists were

utilised to supplement and support the understaffed and overburdened permanent members.

They were mainly deployed as patrol van drivers to hasten the attendance of complaints from the

community thereby, greatly improving response time. This consequently prevented murders,

robberies and other serious crimes in the process of being contemplated. Suspects for serious

offences were timeously arrested and incarcerated.

He is remembered for his steadfastness, preparedness and willingness to avail himself for duty

whenever called upon.

Without his enormous contribution and that of other Reservists crime prevention would never have

succeeded in the manner it did in the 80’s. Unfortunately, due to illness he was forced to resign in

2019, after successfully completing 35 years of loyal and dedicated service to his beloved county,

SAPS and the various communities he worked in. In the attached photograph Warrant Officer

Lawrence Govender (highly decorated, evident by the medals on his left breast pocket) standing

proudly with his Police Sergeant son, Dinesh to his left.

I salute you and your family for the enormous contribution made in the prevention and combating

of crime. I express my deepest sympathy and condolences to his wife Suraya and son Sergeant

Dinesh Govender. May his soul RIP. Logan Govender, 033 - 3453379

Join the South African Indian Police Association on Facebook!

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Brig. Fanie Bouwer (Westelike Provinsie)

‘n “Jong” Fanie Bouwer, destyds SB Stellenbosch, DK Springbok en hoof ABS in die Wes-Kaap.

1961: Sersant JG “Rooi Pottie” “Kobus” Potgieter: SAP Kollege: Kapt. Tiny Nortje

Tiny het ‘n foto van sy troep-sersant met ons gedeel. Genl. Beukes was in 1964 in troep 35 waar sers. Kobus Potgieter ook sy troepsersant was.

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Umkomaas River Valley

Source: KZN Heritage Preservation Initiative. In the 1960's we Durban-policemen regularly "chopped" dagga in the Umkomaas River Valley with the aid of the SAAF. My African colleagues told me that the river is named after the whales that frequented the river mouth. [My isiZulu is rusty but a whale is called "mko-mazi" in isiZulu.] One day in the valley we reached a kraal and we were received with great courtesy. We were served tea in China tea sets, with a beautiful silver tray. A small insignificant incident but no act of kindness, how small, is ever wasted! The locals told us that we were the first whites to visit that specific area.

SAPS: Empty New Police Station: Completed 5 years ago: Moeka Vilage

Completed in 2014, this police station has never been used

2019-09-20 11:18

A new police station in Moeka Village, north of Pretoria, is standing empty while the community

struggles with crime.

https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/completed-in-2014-this-police-station-has-never-

been-used-20190920

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SAPS K-9: Roodeplaat: Death of 44 Puppies Vrye Weekblad via Erika Gibson reports that 44 young pups have died in the care of the SAPS at their Roodeplaat Dog School. There was no vaccine available to inoculate them against cat flu nor was medicine available for their treatment. Comments by HBH

• The former South African Police Dog School was world renowned and was founded more

than a 100 years ago. During the 1947 Royal Visit to South Africa the King and Queen then

visited the Dog School at Kwaggaspoort. Many police dogs have been exported. Members

from various police forces, prisons, customs and defence were trained by the SAP Dog

School.

• We have been taught: “At sunset first look after horses, then the prisoners, then the men

and finally officers!” In the police college we did a lot of duty as “stable guards” – I presume

that the dogs were also cared for after hours?

Mahatma Gandhi said the greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated.

Nongqai: Natal Mounted Police: Guarding the Drift: Nico Moolman

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Wolfgang Witschas One of our writers is Mr Wolfgang Witschas here is his background:

• South African Police (SAP): 1976 -1981

• National Intelligence Service (NIS): 1981-1995

• National Intelligence Agency (NIA): 1995-2008

• State Security Agency (SSA) Domestic Branch: 20008-2016:

• Counter Intelligence (CI) 1981-1994 and

• Counter Espionage (CE): 1994 – 2016

Brig. Roelof van Rooyen: SAP/SSVR: Administrasie Totale Oorlog

Inleiding: Mnr AP Stemmet destyds die adjunk-hoof van die SSVR en hoof van die Stratkom by die SSVR se seun, Kobus, het vir brig. Loffy van Rooyen in Engeland raakgeloop. Hier is “AP” se antwoord aan sy seun – hy ‘n sy antwoord met ons gedeel.

Kobus, Kolonel Van Rooyen is deur die SA Polisiemag na ons personeel gesekondeer waar hy ‘n brigadier geword het. Hy was dus op ons personeel en het die belangrike taak gehad om die Oorlogboek vir die RSA saam te stel . Die oorlogboek bevat die beplanning wat elke Westerse land het vir ingeval daardie land in volskaalse oorlog beland, bv. aanwending en rantsoenering van voorraad, aanwending van personeel, middele soos vervoermiddele, noodregulasies, ens. Kortom , die "Bybel " waarvolgens ‘n land in ‘n oorlogsituasie regeer word. Dus ‘n uiters belangrike boek vir elke land en die opsteller moet baie intelligent, wyd belese, bekwaam, ʼn goeie navorser en skrywer wees wat hom kan indink in elke moontlike situasie waarin ‘n land dit in ‘n oorlogtoestand kan bevind. Daar loop nie baie mense rond wat oor al hierdie bekwaamhede voldoen nie.. Ek het brig “Loffie” by die Tak Veiligheidsbeplanning aangetref toe ek daar as Tweede-in-Bevel oorgeneem het en ek het steeds ʼn groot bewondering vir die uiters belangrike taak wat hy meesterlik vervul het.

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Ons het Churchill se voorskrifte vir Brittanje as voorbeeld geneem en brig. Loffie het ons Oorlogboek daarop baseer en aangepas vir RSA- toestande wat natuurlik heelwat verskil van die van Brittanje. Omdat “Loffie” se eindproduk so omvattend was, het ons die naam ADMINISTRASIE TOTALE OORLOG (ADMINISTRATION TOTAL WAR) gegee. Ons het van die ATO gepraat. Loffie het reuse werk gedoen en ek hoop die SAP het hom met ‘n medalje vir sy werk vereer. Hy het dit verdien. Hulle (SAP) was egter baie suinig met medaljes en ek glo hulle het eintlik nie geweet watter belangrike werk hy by ons vir Suid-Afrika gedoen het nie. Om jou ‘n idee van die belangrikheid van sy pos by ons te gee, moet ek noem dat ek die opstellers van die ATO persoonlik uitgesoek het. Een van sy opvolgers het van ons af die belangrike pos van hoof van die mees senior SAW- kollege geword. Hy was met ‘n fyn Engelse dame getroud wat baie gewild by ons personeel was. Jou moeder onthou haar baie goed. Hy het by ons afgetree en hom in Natal gevestig. Ek dink dit was in Utrecht, ‘n dorpie naby die geskiedkundige Dundee waar ek laas met hom kontak gehad het. Ek hoop ek het jou vrae geantwoord. Laat weet as jy meer van hierdie bekwame oudpolisieman wil weet. Pa.

Kommentaar deur HBH: ATO & DATO Ek onthou vir brig. RA “Loffy” van Rooyen baie goed. Hy was gedurende 1965/6 ‘n luitenant in Durban-Wes (Pinetown). Tydens ons aanvanklike SAP TIN-opleiding te Umbumbulu was hy baie lief om veral vir my (konst. Heymans) en ene konst. Luyt lekker rond te jaag! Die SAW het ons destyds opgelei met maj. FLC Engels in bevel (later ‘n luitenant-generaal) wat saam met lt.kol. (later genl.maj.) “Pat” Dillon en kapt. (later lt.genl.) Johan Viktor op 26 Augustus 1966 te Ongulambashe met Swapo slaags was. Konst. Johan Visagѐ was destyds van Durban-Wes (Pinetown en Hillcrest). Hy was ook saam met ons opgelei en was ook te Ongulambashe op 26 Aug. 1966. Later het ek as majoor/lt.kol. en “Loffy” as kol./brigadier saam by die SSVR gewerk. Die SAP het ons daarheen gesekondeer. Hy het die ATO opgestel

en ek moes later onder andere die ATO verwerk na die SAP se eie DATO – d.w.s Departementele Administrasie Totale Oorlog vir die departement van polisie. Baie interessante werk! Na Suid-Afrika ‘n republiek geword het, het die Oorlogsboek tov Suid-Afrika verval. Ons was lid van die Britse Gemenebes en het ons eie oorlogsboek binne die gemenebes gehad. Na uittrede uit die statebond moes die staat – lees die weermag – ‘n eie oorlogsboek daarstel. Onder mnr. PW Botha het die oorlogsboek as die ATO bekendgestaan.

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1908: Const CW Eagle: NW Mounted Police, Canadian Mounted Rifles, SA Constabulary & Transvaal Police Const CW Eagle came to South Africa during 1902 to fight the Boers. He was a so-called Canadian “Red Indian” – research proves that he is actually a “First Nations Canadian”. I shared the information with Mr. Charles Leach, local historian in Louis Trichardt:

Justin Trudeau and Perry Bellegarde (courtesy Renegade98/Flickr CC) Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and national chief of the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) Perry Bellegarde talk before the beginning of the AFN Special Chiefs Assembly in Québec, 2015. 4

• Terminology

First Nations is a term used to describe Indigenous peoples in Canada who are not Métis or Inuit. Section 35 of the Constitution Act of 1982 declares that Aboriginal peoples in Canada include Indian (First Nations), Inuit and Métis peoples. First Nations people are often known by other names, like Indians, Natives, Native Canadians, Native Americans, American Indians and Amerindians. These names may be problematic, as some have negative connotations, while others (Indian in particular) have specific legal meanings in Canada. Using any general term almost always requires further clarification. For the most part, First Nations people are status or treaty Indians registered with their home reserve, band or community. 5

“First Nations” should be used exclusively as a general term, as community members are more likely to define themselves as members of specific nations, or communities within those nations. For example, a Mohawk (Kanienkehaka) person from Akwesasne who is a member of the Bear clan may choose any number of identifiers, which would all be more accurate than simply “First Nations person,” “Indian” or “Native.” When discussing groups of people from differing

4 https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations 5 https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations

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backgrounds, it is appropriate to use First Nations as a general group name, (e.g., a group of First Nations chiefs) provided that there are no Inuit or Métis members. 6

Before the 1980s, the most popular term for a person of First Nations heritage in Canada was Indian, and its use persists among both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. In 1980, hundreds of chiefs met in Ottawa and used “First Nations” for the first time in their Declaration of the First Nations. In 1982, the National Indian Brotherhood became the Assembly of First Nations, the political voice for First Nations people in Canada. Symbolically, the term elevates First Nations to the status of "first among equals" alongside the English and French as founding nations of Canada. It is also reflective of the sovereign nature of many communities, and the ongoing quest for self-determination and self-government. The term is not used by Aboriginal peoples outside Canada.7

• Progress Report from Charles Leach Hallo Hennie, Interessante foto en info oor ‘First Nation Canadians’! Bly om te lees van die Fort Edward Rekening! Begin goed lyk! Ek het geen rekord van William Eagle se ‘tribe’ of ‘band’ nie. Die brief wat ek van Chief Shane Gottfriedson ontvang het, ‘The 12th Chief of the Kamloops Band’ verwys nie na William Eagle se ‘tribe’ nie. Kamloops is die naam van die dorp. Hy skryf dat; ‘ . . . the eagle is held in very high honour to us First Nations People in Canada.’ Rose McLean, William Eagle’s wife, was from a family simply called ‘The Kamloops McLeans.’ Her gravestone is decorated with an eagle and a rose. None of William Eagle’s military documentation request any name of a ‘clan, band or tribe.’ One of the documents mentions the County he came from as; ‘Cariboo.’ The same document states his ‘next of kin’ as his sister, Christine, who married Gavin Hamilton.

• Fort Edward: Memorial to Const CW Eagle Unfortunate development ‘on site’ at Fort Edward is that the Dept. of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is in the process of being re-allocated and the officials that I have met with about to move premises – and are not yet certain where to and to which new section. They did communicate with their HQ in Polokwane regarding their ‘offer’ to clear the bush at Fort Edward, but have been told to put it on hold until more is known about their re-location and/or re-allocation to another governmental department. Meanwhile, yesterday’s edition of The Star carried an article from the Dept. of Trade and Industry (and also Tourism?) of the Limpopo Government and the spokesperson was quoted as saying how important it is for his department to promote sustainable Tourism etc. etc. in this Month of Tourism. As a result of the article, I have just spoken to Maano Sadiki who has contacts on governmental level in Polokwane. He will make an appointment for the two of us to meet with the official responsible for sustainable employment in the Tourism industry and we will present the Fort Edward Police Cemetery as a site that has a successful record of attracting local and international tourists over a period of about 15 years.

We will explain the development plan and suggest that rather than use a government department to keep the site clean, using staff who are already employed, let us rather employ a local resident/s on a Limpopo governmental grant.

6 https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations 7 https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nations

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The trainee Site Guide, Rendani Netshikuwe, can initially be paid a monthly stipend from the Fund that you have created and when he has proved himself and finished his schooling, we can apply on his behalf for a bursary for further study should he be interested. Incidentally, we are being visited by a team from ‘WEG’ and ‘Agter Paaie’ of journalists and a camera man. The well-known Toast Coetzer is also part of the team! The team has booked in at Lalapanzi for Friday and Saturday night 25 & 26 October. They are looking for ‘tourist’ material in the Soutpansberg and want to do my Bushveldt Carbineers tour and also local Venda and Shangaan art and craft – pottery and wood carving etc. Some of the iconic 4 x 4 trails in the mountains are also on the list. They have requested me as a guide and obviously Fort Edward Police Cemetery is on my agenda! The result of their visit will be published – as well as on national TV - in the new year. I will keep you updated on our planned visit to Polokwane Government. Regards, Charles

• Link to Special edition: Const CW Eagle & Bank Particulars

Link: https://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/nongqai_vol10_no_6b__const_eagle_ I am proud of every member who served before me, with me and will serve as a police officer in future. We have one ideal: TO SERVE AND TO PROTECT. In the old Transvaal Colony, South Africa, we had a "First Nations Canadian" (a Red Indian) who came out the fight the Boers. When he and his mates of the Canadian Mounted Rifles arrived from

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Canada, the Anglo Boer War was over! He and some of his friends then joined the Lord Baden Powell's South African Constabulary (SAC). He served at FORT EDWARD in the SAC near the Elim Hospital. The SAC later became three separate forces - he was in the Transvaal so he became a member of the Transvaal Police. During 1913 the Transvaal Police was absorbed into the new SA Police. In his precinct he died from blood poisoning after an encounter with a lion. We, as his former colleagues, would like to look after his grave and of the graves of others policemen in the vicinity. This area was the world of General Coenrad Beyers, the 'Breaker' Morant & Peter Hancock of the "Bushveldt Carbineers" (BVC). We have a Trust Account at Botha Rekenmeesters. I will spearhead the donations and Charles Leach (a local historian) will see that the place is kept neat and tidy. He was the enemy of my forebearers, the Boers, but now after so many years we forgive and forget. He deserves to be honoured as hero police officer! (One day I will tell the full story of his fight with the lion.) All monies go directly into a Trust Account ACCOUNT PARTICULARS: JP BOTHA REKENMEESTERS TRUST, STANDARD BANK, BRANCH: MONTANA. ACCOUNT NO: 030 556 392, BRANCH CODE 015945. SWIFT: SBZAZAJJ MARK: "GRAVE CONST. CW EAGLE". Please follow up with an e-mail to: jpbotha@botharek.co.za with a copy to Hennie Heymans at: heymanshb@gmail.com

Please colleagues HELP, we have only collected about R2,800 so far. Please make an investment in our history. We have to fence and clean the area to keep cattle out of the grave yard that was at the old Fort Edward Police Station. We need to do some painting etc.

SAP Richmond: Natal

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SA RAILWAYS POLICE | SA SPOORWEGPOLISIE

Bospadda: “Chris en Kobus”: Heleen Crossman (via Frans Bedford-Visser) Heleen het vertel dat die tekeninge en planne vir Chris en Kobus almal op hulle kombuis tafel

geteken was deur haar pa, Oom Chris van der Merwe. Hier is ‘n paar foto’s wat sy gestuur het.

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Ons Stormtroepe: Hulle is volwaardige, knap polisiemanne Bron: Die Lourierkrans, Desember 1984

Hulle is volwaardige, knap polisiemanne; manne wat in elke opsig hul deel doen en manne wat vir niks en niemand terugstaan nie. Dit is die manne van die Suid-Afrikaanse Spoorwegpolisie, wat wêreldwye erkenning kry as van die beste polisiespesialiste ter wêreld. Die Spoorwegpolisie Spesiale Taakmag is al deur buitelandse kenners as die beste taakmag ter wêreld bestempel, veral wat hul vaardigheid by die ontsetting van vliegtuie, geboue, treine en busse betref.

• Slagboom: Maj. Ronnie Beyl Min mense besef dat die Spoorwegpolisieman ook aan ons land se grens sy deel doen en terroriste uitroei. Die Spoorwegpolisie het 'n eie stuk grensgebied wat aan hulle toegesê is en groepe Spoorwegpolisiemanne doen daar diens in die boswêreld in skofte van drie maande. Op 'n pragtige plaas in die Oos-Kaapse boswêreld naby Port Elizabeth, 'n gebied wat hom uitstekend leen tot bosopleiding, word die Spoorwegpolisiemanne gereeld voor grensdiens deur Majoor Ronnie Beyl en sy spesiale personeel ingeskerp. Majoor Beyl en sy personeel skerp die manne in om terroriste uit te snuffel en uit te roei. In die spesiale kursus word deurentyd met lewendige ammunisie en plofstof gewerk. Grenstoestande word aaklig na aan die werklikheid nageboots. Die gevolg is dat wanneer die manne van die plaas af vertrek, hulle in staat is om enige situasie te hanteer en vir niks stuit nie. Slagboom is die plek se naam en slaggereed gaan die Spoorwegpolisiemanne daarvandaan grens toe. Elke terroris wat hul pad aan die grens kruis. vind heel gou uit dat Slagboom 'n slag het om jong Suid-Afrikaners terroristejagters van formaat te maak. Binne 'n enkele week word 'n veertig stuks man wat vanoor die hele land heen saamgetrek word, op Slagboom in 'n hegte eenheid gebind, word kameraadskap opgebou en word hulle in 'n gedugte, doodsveragtende gevegseenheid opgebou. In die boswêreld is dit nie elke man vir homself nie. Hulle is 'n eenheid. Die inskerpingskursus sluit nie net fiksmaak in nie, maar 00k intensiewe opleiding in bospatrolliewerk en wapen- en plofstofhantering. Oorlewing in alle denkbare omstandighede en die opspoor en uitroei van booswigte is die sleutelwoorde

• Beste

Om in die bos teen terroriste te veg is egter nie die enigste buitengewone en moeilike taak wat aan die Spoorwegpolisieman opgedra is nie. Dit is sy taak om die land se uitgestrekte vervoerinfrastruktuur te beskerm, 'n infrastruktuur wat oor die lengte en breedte van die land strek. in Stedelike en plattelandse gebiede, dikwels in onherbergsame terrein.

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Uit die aard van die saak is die spoorwegnetwerk, die hawens en die lughawens wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens gebruik word en treine, busse, skepe en vliegtuie kwesbaar. Hulle moet bewaak: beskerm en beveilig word. Dit is die Spoorwegpolisieman se taak. Daarom word hulle ook intensief in teeninsurgensiewerk opgelei en daarom is die Spesiale Taakmag 'n mag wat so knap opgelei is dat wêreldkenners hom as een van die heel bestes beskou.

• Brigadier Gustav Erlank Die taakmagmanne, onder die persoonlike bevel van Brigadier Gustav Erlank, self 'n kenner wat wêreldwyd gerespekteer word, word baie streng gekeur. Plek vir 'n bang haar is daar nie op hul koppe nie. Dit is bitterlik jammer dat alles oor die Taakmag, oor hul bedrewenheid, hul opleiding en hul werksmetodes, uit die aard van die Saak nie bekend gemaak kan word nie. Dit sou soos 'n sprokiesverhaal lees, maar die vyand sal dit ook opslurp en dan sal die angel uitgetrek wees. Die reisende publiek, of dit nou per vliegtuig, trein, boot of bus is, kan egter gerus wees in die wete dat 'n boosdoener of kaper hom beslis baie deeglik teen daar die manne sal vasloop waarskynlik soos nêrens anders ter wêreld nie.

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Vuller: Namibië (HBH)

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MILITARY HISTORY | KRYGSGESKIEDENIS

Chief of the South African Defence Force: Lt.Col. W Marshall Introduction On 1 July 1912 the Headquarters of the Union Defence Force was established in Pretoria. The Headquarters comprised three main sections: Secretariat, General Staff and an Administrative section. A Medical Services Section was later added in December 1913, and during 1916 the Administrative Section became the Quartermaster-General's Section. Brig Gen H.T. Lukin became Inspector General of the Permanent Force while Brig Gen C. F. Beyers was appointed Commandant General of the Citizen Force, Colonel P.S. Beves became Commandant of Cadets. They reported directly to the Minister of Defence. Brig Gen C.F. Beyers resigned his post in September 1914 and the role was taken over by the Minister of Defence. The titles of the officers in charge of these sections were changed on 1 July 1915. The Head of the General Staff became Chief Staff Officer, General Staff and Adjutant-General. The Head of the Administrative section became Quartermaster General. In July 1917 the General Staff post was again renamed to Chief of the General Staff and Adjutant-General. At this stage the post from which the Chief of the SADF would evolve from was known as the Staff Officer for General Staff Duties which was filled by Maj J.J. Collyer. In May 1918 the co-ordination of all military staff work at HQ and the issue of all military orders were vested in the Chief of the General Staff, as well as the responsibilities of Commandant of Cadets and the role of Adjutant General was split off. There were four sections under command of the CGS – General Staff section, Adjutant General, Medical Services and Quartermaster General. Gen A.J.E. Brink was appointed Chief of the General Staff in 1920. The posts of Chief of the General Staff and Secretary of Defence were combined on 30 September 1922, following the retirement of Sir Roland Bourne then Secretary for Defence. Here is a short list of the posts: Staff Officer for General Staff Duties Col J.J. Collyer – 01 July 1912 to 02 Aug 1915. Chief Staff Officer, General Staff and Adjutant-general Brig Gen J.J. Collyer, CB, CMG – 02 Aug 1915 to 03 July 1917. Chief of the General Staff and Adjutant-general (name change 04 June 1917) Brig Gen J.J. Collyer, CB, CMG, DSO – 02 Aug 1915 to 03 July 1917. Chief of the General Staff (in Oct 1919 this post was re-established) Brig Gen J.J. Collyer, CB, CMG, DSO – 14 Oct 1919 to 26 Mar 1920 Maj Gen A.J.E. Brink, DTD, DSO – 21 Sep 1920 to 30 Apr 1933

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(from 30 Sep 1922 the post of Secretary for Defence was also added to the Chief of the General Staff and did he become known as Chief of the General Staff and Secretary for defence until 01 May 1933 when the posts were again split) Gen (Sir) H.A (Pierre) van Reyneveld, KBE, CB, DSO, MC – 01 May 1933 to 01 May 1949 Lt Gen L. Beyers, 02 May 1949 to 15 Mar 1950 Lt Gen C.L. de Wet du Toit, DSO – 16 Mar 1950 to 22 Sep 1956 Commandant General, SADF (name change) Cmdt Gen P.H. Grobbelaar, SSA, DSO – 13 Dec 1960 to 30 Sep 1965 Gen R.C. Hiemstra, SSA, SM, 01 Oct 1965 to 31 Mar 1972 Chief of the SADF (name change) Adm H.H. Bierman, SSA, SD, OBE, 01 Apr 1972 to 31 Aug 1976 Gen M.A. de M Malan, SSA, SD, SM, 01 Sep 1976 to 06 Oct 1980 Gen C. Viljoen, SSA, SD, SOE, SM, 07 Oct 1980 to 30 Oct 1985 Gen J.J. Geldenhuys, SSA, SD, SOE, SM, 01 Nov 1985 to 31 Oct 1990 Gen A.J. Liebenberg, SSA, SD, SOE, SM, MMM, 01 Nov 1990 to 31 Oct 1993 Gen G. Meiring, SSAS, SD, SM, MMM, 01 Nov 1993 to 30 Apr 1994

1910 Permanent Force Initially, the Permanent Force consisted of five regular mounted regiments and a small artillery section as well as a headquarters, instructional and administrative staff. Provision was also made for a Coastal Defence Corps, South African Aviation Corps (SAAC) – part of the ACF and School Cadet Corps. No provision was made for an overall commander, instead the commanders of the Citizen Force, Cadet Corps and Permanent Force reported directly to the Minister of Defence. Citizen Force The Citizen Force was a reserve component of the South African armed forces. It was established during the formation of the Union Defence Force (UDF) and reflected the UDF's mixed traditions, which drew on both the British model of a standing professional army as well as the Afrikaner model of a large citizen militia. The South African Defence Act (No. 13) of 1912 dictated that the UDF include a Permanent Force of career soldiers and a "Citizen Force" of volunteer reservists or conscripts mobilised during temporary crises. Prior to World War II, the Citizen Force consisted of a general manpower pool of white South African civilians who had received some military training in the past. They were periodically retrained for deployment in the event that they were mobilised for active service. The UDF had few professional career soldiers during the 1930s, so the bulk of its active manpower at any one time was vested in the Citizen Force. This was considered adequate for South Africa's defence

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requirements, as the country was far removed from potentially hostile forces in Europe and neighbouring territories represented no military threat. The Citizen Force was retained in the restructured South African Defence Force (SADF) after the UDF was disestablished in the late 1950s. White South Africans completing their national service were automatically enrolled in the Citizen Force for five years, being expected to serve at least nineteen days a year. In 1977 this was increased to thirty days a year for an eight-year period. Thereafter they were considered part of the Citizen Force Reserve for another five years, and could still be called into military service if their skills were needed. 1922 re-organisation The SA Defence Act Amendment Act, No. 22 of 1922 re-organised the Permanent Force. From 1 February 1923 the Permanent Force consisted of the Staff Corps, Instructional Corps, Naval Service, Field Artillery, 1st Regiment - Mounted Riflemen, the Permanent Garrison Artillery, the Engineer Corps, the Air Force, SA Service Corps, SA Medical Corps, Ordnance Corps, Veterinary Corps and the Administrative, Pay and Clerical Corps. 1926 to 1934 To save money another reorganisation took place in 1926. The last regiment of the SA Mounted Riflemen was disbanded as was the Brigade HQ of the SA Field Artillery. The Great Depression put pressure on the Budget and 56 Citizen Force units were disbanded and the number of military districts was reduced from 16 to 6. The Special Service Battalion was started as a way of creating work for young people who could not find employment. A drastic move was the disbanding of the Naval Service. In 1933 Mr Oswald Pirow became Minister of Defence, General Brink was appointed GOC of the UDF as well as the Secretary of Defence and Sir Pierre van Reyneveld became Chief of the General Staff. In addition, the six current military districts were redesignated as "Commands". Pirow's five-year expansion plan As the economy improved Minister Pirow put forward a plan to expand and reorganise the Defence Force. The Air Force would be increased to 7 squadrons, with new bases being built at Waterkloof, Bloemfontein, Durban and Youngsfield. However, by the start of World War II this had not yet materialised. The Active Citizen Force units would increase from 8 to 24. Twelve units were based in urban areas and twelve based in the rural areas.

From Union Defence Force to South African Defence Force The UDF was renamed 'South African Defence Force' in November 1958. The Commandant General's title was then changed to 'Commandant General SADF'. It was changed to 'Chief of the SADF' in July 1973, after Admiral Hugo Biermann assumed the post the year before. After South Africa's first democratic election, the South African Defence Force became the South African National Defence Force. Chief of Defence Force Staff

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This was a lieutenant general post in the South African Defence Force which traces its origins from the sixties. In the middle sixties, the expansion of the Defence Force necessitated some changes to the overall structure and at that time, the posts of

• GOC Joint Combat Forces (GOC JCF),

• Chief of Defence Staff,

• Chief of Defence Force Administration to name a few were established.

• In 1976 this post ceased to exist and was re-established in 1986 during Gen J.J Geldenhuys' term as C SADF. Its role was to coordinate all efforts of Chief of Staff Personnel, Chief of Staff Intelligence, Chief of Staff Operations, Chief of Staff Logistics, Chief of Staff Finances and Chief of Staff Planning for and on behalf of the Chief of the Defence Force.

Chief SADF The Union Defence Force (UDF) consisted initially of land forces. An aviation corps was formed in 1915 and replaced by the South African Air Force in 1920. A naval branch was added in 1922, and the South African Division of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve was incorporated into it in 1942. In 1951, the defence forces were reorganised into three distinct combat services:

• The South African Army,

• the South African Air Force, and

• the South African Navy. The organisation was renamed "South African Defence Force" in 1958. The UDF had no overall commander for the first nine and a half years. From January 1922, the Chief of the General Staff, previously responsible only for the Defence Headquarters staff, was the executive commander of the UDF. The title was changed to 'Commandant General UDF' in September 1956.

SAW: Keetmanshoop: Gedenkteken (HBH)

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Lt Col John Walter McLean OBE VD (MID) RSM CS Brown

Medals:

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Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) (OBE) South African War Medal with clasp “1879” - Mentioned in Dispatches Cape of Good Hope, General Service Medal clasp “Basutoland” - Mentioned in Dispatches - clasp “Bechuanaland” Queen’s South African Medal clasp “Cape Colony” clasp “Wepener” clasp “Transvaal” clasp “Wittebergen” King’s South African Medal clasp “South Africa 1901” clasp “South Africa 1902” numerous Mentioned in Dispatches 1914/18 War Medal 1914/18 Allied Victory Medal Colonial Auxiliary Long Service Medal Colonial Officers Auxiliary Forces Decoration (VD) These medals were donated to the South African national war museum by his daughter – Miss A.K. McLean. Service: Gaika-Galeka 1977/78 1st Cape Mounted Yeomanry Cpl Morosi’s Mountain 1879 1st Cape Mounted Yeomanry Cpl Basutoland 1880/81 1st Cape Mounted Yeomanry Troop S/M RSM of Kaffrarian Rifles 1887-1897 10 years On arrival at the Langberg was commissioned in the Field by OCBFF Bechuanaland 1897 The Kaffrarian Rifles RSM then 2nd Lt Anglo/Boer War 1899/02 The Kaffrarian Rifles Capt Peace Time 1903/13 Railway & Harbour Rifles Brigade Maj The Great War 1914/18 South African Native Labour Corps Maj Peace Time Railway & Harbour Brigade Lt Col General Brabant believed that for the action at “Kalabani Kopje”, John McLean should have received the VC. He joined The Kaffrarian Rifles as a Private on the 11th September 1884 just after the formation of the Regiment in 1883 and served the regiment until the 25th April 1910 26 years when he retired as a Major, he moved to Johannesburg in 1909. Major McLean lost his youngest son Jack on the 15 July 1916 during the Battle of Delville Wood.

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Major McLean was the ships commander of all troops on the SS Mendi but due to appendicitis was not on board when it went down, he read his own obituary by Gen Louis Botha

Die Minister-klas vinnige aanvalsvaartuigflottielje van die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot: Wolfgang Witschas Voordat daar na die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot (SAV) se Minister- Klas vinnige Aanvalsvaartuigflottielje verwys word moet eers na die historiese verlede van die SAV gekyk word. Die SAV was sedert WO1 en WO2 ‘n volwaardige vloot met skepe wat op die oopsee kon opereer, ‘n blousee-vloot. Dit is veral met die koms van die koue oorlog dat die vloot met meer moderne skepe toegerus is om gesamentlik met Brittanje te help om die seeroete om die Kaap te beskerm en te beveilig. Hierdie samewerkings ooreenkoms, wat in 1955 onderteken is, het bekend gestaan as die Simonstad-ooreenkoms. Die ooreenkoms het uit drie dele bestaan, eerstens vir streeksverdediging teen eksterne aggressors, insluitende die Midde-Ooste; tweedens, die beskerming van die seeroetes rondom Suidelike-Afrika - ‘n onderneming waarvolgens Suid-Afrika onderneem het om ’n bepaalde hoeveelheid vlootvaartuie vanaf Brittanje aan te koop en dat die Vlootbasis te Simonstad op 31 Maart 1957 aan die beheer van die Unie regering oorgedra sou word. Die SAV sou dus saamwerk met alle vlote van Westerse nasies in die beveiliging van die Kaapse seeroetes. Die SAV het dus begin om Britse vlootvaartuie aan te skaf. Eerstens ses bestaande Britse fregatte en 10 Ton-Klas Kus-Mynveërs. Die oorspronklike fregatte is verder gedurende die sestiger jare met die aankoop van die President-klas fregatte versterk namate van die oorspronklike fregatte aan die einde van hulle leeftyd begin bereik het. Die SAV het vanaf 1962 tot 1964 drie gemoderniseerde Britse Whitby-klas teen-duikboot fregatte die SAS President Kruger, SAS President Steyn en SAS President Pretorius aangeskaf. Namate die politieke klimaat in die middel-sestigs al meer vertroebel het tussen die twee lande is dié ooreenkoms in 1966 afgeskaal en op 16 Julie 1975 het Brittanje eensydig van die ooreenkoms afstand gedoen. Namate die fregatte gedurende die middel-sewentigs al ouer geword het en nie meer so operasioneel geskik was nie om hulle rol te kon vervul, is al drie gemoderniseer en opgeknap om hulle operasionele leeftyd tot ten minste diep in die tagtiger-jare te verleng. Weens die heersende isolasie van Suid-Afrika kon die vloot geen nuwe fregatte of korvette hetsy van Brittanje, Frankryk of elders te bekom en om so ‘n enorme taak self aan te pak was buite die bereik van die SAV. Daar is toe besluit om afstand te doen om die hele Suider-Afrika kuslyn te beveilig en te konsentreer op Suid-Afrika se eie behoefte en om om sy gebiedswaters te beskerm. Dit het die vloot die geleentheid gegee om na ander/alternatiewe maritieme verdedigings moontlikhede te kyk. Dit was die geboorte van die idee van vinnige aanvalsvaartuie met ‘n groot slaankrag. Maritieme kenners in die vloot het al lankal bepleit dat sulke vaartuie bekom moet word. Daar is eventueel opdrag gegee om na sulke vaartuie te kyk. Hierdie het die era ingelui van die aanvalsvaartuigflottielje. Suid-Afrika en die SAV, was bewus dat Israel in die proses was om sy eie aanvalsvaartuie te bou en dus was dit ‘n logiese keuse om die bote van Israel te bekom. Voordat daar gekyk kan word na die Suid-Afrikaanse aanvalsvaartuie, moet eers na die agtergrond en geskiedenis van die Israeli bote gekyk word. Israel wat in die midde-sewentiger jare die grootste verskaffer van wapen tegnologie aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag was, is ook in die verband genader aangesien Israel oor sulke bote beskik het en sy eie ontwerp gebaseer op ‘n Duitse ontwerp met verbeteringe gebou het. Gedurende 1962 het die Israeliese Buitelandse Geheime Diens, die Mossad, informasie van ‘n agent in die binnekringe van die Egiptiese regering bekom dat die Sowjet Unie beplan het om Egipte se vloot te versterk deur vinnige aanvalsbote van die Komar- en Osa-klas, wat op daardie

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stadium oor ‘n baie moderne skip tot skip missiel stelsels bewapen was. Israel het besef dat sy vloot hopeloos te klein, verouderd was en nie kers kon vashou aan die vlote van sy aartsvyande in die Arabiese wêreld nie. Op daardie stadium het Israel ‘n uiters gedugte lugmag en ewe gedugte weermag gehad. Net die vloot het agter gebly. Om die saak reg te stel het Israel sy maritieme doktrine totaal hersien en op ‘n grootskaal begin om sy vloot drasties te vergroot en te moderniseer om sy behoeftes en verantwoordelikheid na te kan kom. Israel het op die opsie van vinnige aanvalsbote bewapen met missiele en kanonne besluit en na verskeie Westerse lande se ontwerpe van vinnige aanvalsbote gekyk en uiteindelik op die Wes-Duitse Jaguar bote van die Lürssen Klas besluit. Israel het besluit om 12 bote te bestel. Na mate die onderhandeling gevorder het, het die Wes-Duitse regering in 1962 goedkeuring verleen aan die kontrak vir die bou van die bote met die voorwaarde van uiterste geheimhouding, aangesien Wes-Duitsland nie die Arabiese wêreld wou antagoniseer nie en die kontrak goedgekeur het weens dié land se skuldgevoel van die Nazi bewind se uitwissing van miljoene Jode. In 1967 is die eerste drie van die 12 bote aan Israel gelewer sonder bewapening wat deur Israel self gedoen is, met vyf van die in Israel ontwikkelde Gabriel l skip tot skip missiele en verder ‘n 40 mm kanon, twee 20 mm Oerlikon kanonne. Die bote is in Israel bekend gestel as Saar l Klas vinnige missielbote. Die wêreld-media het egter uitgevind van die ooreenkoms tussen Wes-Duitsland en Israel en onder die druk van die Arabiese wêreld geswig. Die Wes-Duitse regering het Israel in kennis gestel dat hulle die bou en verskaffing van die bote nie meer kan doen nie. Die Wes-Duitsers het egter Israel tegemoet gekom en ‘n ooreenkoms met Frankryk aangegaan dat die res van die Lürssen Klas bote by ‘n Franse skeepsbouwerf in Cherbourg volgens hulle ontwerp gebou kon word. Hierdie ooreenkoms het in 1968 gerealiseer en is daar met die bou van die eerste vyf bote begin. Die bote sou aan die einde van Januarie 1969 aan Israel gelewer word. Weens verskeie vergeldings aanvalle deur die Israeliese weermag op verskeie Arabiese teikens in die geografiese omgewing van Israel het die destydse Franse President, Charles De Gaulle, aan die begin van November 1968 ‘n verbod geplaas op die lewering van offensiewe wapens aan Israel. Op daardie stadium was dit onseker of die missielbote wat in aanbou was ook onder die kategorie wapens tel. Israel het nie op hom laat wag nie en besluit om op 04 Januarie 1969 sonder die wete en toestemming van die Franse regering en die eienaar van die skeepswerf, drie van die nege bote wat gebou moes word en wat so vêr voltooi was dat hulle seevaardig was, uit Cherbourg geseil na Israel. Israel het reeds vir die bou van al twaalf bote ten volle betaal. Nog die Cherbourg se hawe owerhede, die Franse militêre owerhede, doeane of die eienaar van die skeepswerf het onraad bemerk toe die drie missielbote die hawe verlaat het en die oopsee ingevaar het op koers na Gibraltar. Hierdie optrede van Israel het almal onkant gevang en President De Gaulle het ‘n totale wapen verbod op Israel geplaas en diplomatieke verhoudinge tussen Frankryk en Israel was vir ‘n lang tydperk uiters gespanne. Die drie missielbote het veilig onder begeleiding van ‘n Israeli skip, wat die bote in die Atlantiese oseaan ontmoet het, in Haifa, Israel gearriveer. Die bote se wapenstelsel is ook in Israel op die bote aangebring en die Duitse elektronika en radar is ook deur in Israel ontwikkelde elektronika en radar vervang. Hierdie bote is ook met vyf Gabriel ll missiel maar met ‘n 76mm snelvuur kanon en twee 20mm Oerlikon kanonne bewapen. Israel was nie gelukkig met Frankryk se besluit met die wapen embargo nie en het besef hulle vloot benodig die ses ander missielbote dringend. Die Israeli regering het Mossad die opdrag gegee om met ‘n plan te beraam om die oorblywende ses bote vir Israel te bekom op watter manier ook al, selfs om hulle te “steel”. In tipiese Mossad styl het die Geheime diens onmiddellik met ‘n plan van aksie begin. Die plan was om Frankryk in te lig dat Israel nie meer in die res van die bote belangstel en hulle aan ‘n ander party verkoop kan word en Israel dan vergoed sal word. Die eienaar van die skeepswerf in Cherbourg het ingestem en sodra ‘n koper gevind is die Franse regering vir magtiging gevra sal word met die verkoop. Die Mossad het ‘n frontorganisasie gestig wat voorgegee het dat dit ‘n Noorweegse skeepsmaatskappy is wat in Panama geregistreer is.

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Mossad het alle rugsteunings dokumentasie in plek gesit en ‘n Mossad agent het die eienaar van die Cherbourg skeepswerf gekontak, onder dekking van die Noorweegse skeepsmaatskappy wat die bote wil koop. Die onderhandelinge was suksesvol en die Franse regering het ook sy goedkeuring aan die verkoopstransaksie gegee. Operasie “Noahs Ark” is toe geaktiveer. Op 20 Desember 1969 het Mossad die Israeli vloot personeel in Cherbourg in kennis gestel om reg te maak om die bote klandestien uit Cherbourg te seil. Die getroude vlootlede se families het almal via Parys terug gekeer na Israel. Die Franse Teen-spioenasiediens het egter onraad begin bemerk en hulle waarnemings aan Parys gestuur. Aangesien dit vyf dae voor Kersfees was, het niemand die beweringe ernstig opgeneem nie. Die Israeli’s het gedurende die laat-aand van 20 Desember 1969 die ses missielbote beman en het uit die hawe van Cherbourg gevaar die oop see in. Die hawe owerhede in Cherbourg het te laat besef wat gebeur het en voordat alarm gemaak is was die bote oop die oop see in die Atlantiese oseaan en nadat die bote internasionale gebiedswaters bereik het, het hulle ‘n Israeli skip ontmoet en vertrek na Israel. “Operasie Noahs Ark” was ‘n groot risiko maar in tipiese Mossad wyse suksesvol. Die missielbote is soos die drie voriges wat vanaf Cherbourg na Israel gebring is in Haifa met wapenstelsels sowel as elektronika voorsien. Die ses bote is as Saar lll bote geklassifiseer aangesien hulle meer moderner was as die ses oorspronklike bote. Gedurende 1971 het die Israeli vloot begin om met ‘n eie ontwerp gebaseer op die Duitse Lürssen Klas vinnige missielbote. Die ontwerp het baie verbetering en ‘n groter romp ingesluit. In 1995 is die eerste twee bote voltooi, getoets en deur die vloot in diens geneem. Hulle was die eerste van die nuwe generasie vinnige missielbote, die Reshef Klas. Gedurende die Yom Kippur oorlog in Oktober 1973 het Israel se aanvalsvaartuie van die Saar I, Saar III en Reshef klasse verskeie Egiptiese vloot vaartuie met di Gabriel Mk ll missiel vernietig sonder om enige vaartuie te verloor. Koms van die Minister Klas vinnige aanvalsvaartuigflottielje van die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot In 1975 het Suid-Afrika en Israel ‘n ooreenkoms aangegaan om nege Reshef Klas missielbote van Israel aan te koop. Aanvanklik sou die bote in Israel vervaardig word maar beide lande het ooreengekom dat dit eens logistieke probleme en die wapen embargo teen Suid-Afrika beter sal wees om hulle in Suid-Afrika te bou. Daar is besluit dat die bote by die Sandock Austral-skeepswerf in Durban gebou sal word met die hulp van en onder toesig van Israeli ingenieurs en tegniese personeel. Hierdie vaartuie was op daardie stadium die modernste wat enige vloot in die wêreld besit het gebaseer op spoed, tegnologiese verfyndheid en met uiters moderne wapentuig voorsien. Twee 76 mm OTO Melara snelvuur kanonne, twee 20 mm Oerlikon snelvuur kanonne, twee 12,7 mm dubbel masjiengewere en die kroon juweel, ses skerpioen skip tot skip missiele. Die skerpioen missiele is ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse verbetering van die Israeli skip-tot-skip misiel, Gabriel Mk ll. Die skeepsbemanning het bestaan uit sewe offisiere en veertig manskappe. Die aanvalsvaartuie het aan Suid-Afrika van ‘n werklike geloofwaardige maritieme afskrikmiddel voorsien. Die individuele vaartuie van die aanvalsvaartuigflottielje is na ministers van Verdediging vernoem en het bekend gestaan as die “Minister of Defence”-Klas. Die aanvalsvaartuigflottielje se basis, SAS Scorpion, is op 07 Julie 1980 in Durban ingehuldig. Tewaterlating en Indiensstelling

• SAS Jan Smuts: P1561: 18/02/1977 - 18/07/1977

• SAS PW Botha: P1562: 09/0//1977 - 02/12/1977

• SAS Frederick Creswell: P1563: 15/01/1978 - 06/04/1978

• SAS Jim Fouché: P1564: 18/09/1978 - 22/12/1978

• SAS Frans Erasmus P1565: 16/03/1979 - 27/07/1979

• SAS Oswald Pirow P1566: 28/09/1979 - 04/03/1980

• SAS Hendrik Mentz P1567: 26/03/1982 - 11/02/1983

• SAS Kobie Coetsee P1568: 03/09/1982 - 11/02/1983

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Die negende vaartuig, P1569, was nooit na iemand vernoem nie en was in reserwe gehou by SAS Skerpioen.

Die aanvalsvaartuie was in die 80er jare gebruik vir klandestiene operasies om eenhede van die Verkenningskommando, “Recces” aan die Angolese kus by die hawe van Luanda en Cabinda en ook aan die Mosambiekse kus te infiltreer en weer te eksfiltreer met sabotasie/verkennings operasies. By tye was dit gesamentlik met die Daphné-klas duikbootflottielje gedoen. Die aanvalsvaartuie was in diens van die SAV vanaf 1977 tot 2006 en is van aktiewe diens onttrek met die indiensneming van die Meko A-200 korvette. Al vier van die korvette is bewapen elk met een van die 76mm OTO Melara snelvuurkanonne wat deel van die aanvalsvaartuie se bewapening was om kostes te bespaar, aangesien die kanonne nog in ‘n baie goeie toestand was. Spesifikasies Waterverplasing: 450 metrieke ton, volle lading Lengte: 62,2 m Romp breedte: 7,8 m Diepgang: 2,4m Spoed: + 30 knope Vaart afstand: 2400 km met 30 knope Ekonomiese: 5800 km Aandrywing: 4X120 RPK Dieselmasjiene Wapens: 6X Skerpioen SSM missiele 2X 76 mm kanonne 2X 20 mm kanonne 4X 12,7 mm masjiengewere Bronne:

• Vertikale Elevasie Generasie (VEG) Publikasies: Uitgawe Nommer 2:

• (VEG) Publikasies: Meko A-200 Korvette: Uitgawe Nommer 5:

• (VEG) Publikasies: Presidents-Klas Fregatte Uitgawe Nommer 6:

• Ton-Klas Mynveër: Boek: Israeli War Machine: The Men, The Machine, The Tactics: Ian Hogg 197

• Boek: The Mossad: Israel’s Secret Intelligence Service: Dennis Eisenberg, Uri Dan en Eli Landau Fighting the Embargo: The Missile Boats of Cherbourg: Operation Noah’s Ark

• South African Arms and Armour: Helmoed-Römer Heitman: A concise guide to armaments of the South African Army, Navy and Airforce.

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SA Vloot Ministersklasvaartuie: Foto’s verskaf deur admiraal Errol Massey-Hicks

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1879: Anglo-Zulu War: King Cetshwayo kaMpande From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia8,9

Cetshwayo kaMpande

King of the Zulu Kingdom

Photograph of Cetshwayo by Alexander Bassano in Old Bond Street, London

Predecessor Mpande

Successor Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo

Born c. 1826 Eshowe, Zulu Kingdom

Died 8 February 1884 (aged 57–58) Eshowe, Zulu Kingdom

Cetshwayo kaMpande (/kɛtʃˈwaɪ.oʊ/; Zulu pronunciation: [ǀétʃwajo kámpande]; c. 1826 – 8 February 1884) was the king[a] of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1879 and its leader during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. His name has been transliterated as Cetawayo, Cetewayo, Cetywajo and Ketchwayo. He famously led the Zulu nation to victory against the British in the Battle of Isandlwana. Early life Cetshwayo was a son of Zulu king Mpande[1] and Queen Ngqumbazi, half-nephew of Zulu king Shaka and grandson of Senzangakhona kaJama. In 1856 he defeated and killed in battle his younger brother Mbuyazi, Mpande's favourite, at the Battle of Ndondakusuka. Almost all Mbuyazi's followers were massacred in the aftermath of the battle, including five of Cetshwayo's own brothers.[2] Following this he became the effective ruler of the Zulu people. He did not ascend to the throne, however, as his father was still alive. Stories from that time regarding his huge size vary, saying he stood at least between 6 ft 6 in (198 cm) and 6 ft 8 in (203 cm) tall and weighed close to 25 stone (350 lb; 160 kg). His other brother, Umthonga, was still a potential rival. Cetshwayo also kept an eye on his father's new wives and children for potential rivals, ordering the death of his favourite wife Nomantshali

8 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetshwayo_kaMpande (19 Sept 2019) 9 The Natal Mounted Police also fought in War – see: Military History Journal, Vol 4 No 4 - Zulu War Centenary Issue - January 1979

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and her children in 1861. Though two sons escaped, the youngest was murdered in front of the king.[3] After these events Umtonga fled to the Boers' side of the border and Cetshwayo had to make deals with the Boers to get him back. In 1865, Umthonga did the same thing, apparently making Cetshwayo believe that Umtonga would organize help from the Boers against him, the same way his father had overthrown his predecessor, Dingaan. Reign Mpande died in 1872. His death was concealed at first, to ensure a smooth transition; Cetshwayo was installed as king on 1 September 1873. Sir Theophilus Shepstone, who annexed the Transvaal for Britain,[4] crowned Cetshwayo in a shoddy, wet affair that was more of a farce than anything else, but turned on the Zulus as he felt he was undermined by Cetshwayo's skilful negotiating for land area compromised by encroaching Boers and the fact that the Boundary Commission established to examine the ownership of the land in question actually ruled in favour of the Zulus.[4] The report was subsequently buried. As was customary, he established a new capital for the nation and called it Ulundi (the high place). He expanded his army and readopted many methods of Shaka. He also equipped his impis with muskets, though evidence of their use is limited. He banished European missionaries from his land. He might have incited other native African peoples to rebel against Boers in Transvaal.

Cetshwayo (called Cettiwayo in the caption of the photo above), in Cape Town shortly after his capture in the 1879 Anglo-Zulu War. He led several victories against the British army early in the war.

Anglo-Zulu War

Main article: Anglo-Zulu War

Cetshwayo in 1878

In 1878, Sir Henry Bartle Frere, British High Commissioner for South Africa, sought to confederate South Africa the same way Canada had been, and felt that this could not be done while there was a powerful and independent Zulu state. So he began to demand reparations for border infractions and forced his subordinates to send carping messages complaining about Cetshwayo's rule, seeking to provoke the Zulu King. They succeeded, but Cetshwayo kept his calm, considering the British to be his friends and being aware of the power of the British army. He did, however, state that he and Frere were equals and since he did not complain about how Frere ruled, the same courtesy should be observed by Frere in regards to Zululand. Eventually, Frere issued an ultimatum that demanded that he

should effectively disband his army. His refusal led to the Zulu War in 1879, though he continually sought to make peace after the first battle at Isandhlwana. After an initial crushing but costly Zulu

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victory over the British at the Battle of Isandlwana, and the failure of the other two columns of the three pronged British attack to make headway - indeed, one was bogged down in the Siege of Eshowe - the British retreated, other columns suffering two further defeats to Zulu armies in the field at the Battle of Intombe and the Battle of Hlobane. However, the British follow-up victories at the famous Battle of Rorke's Drift and the Battle of Kambula restored some British pride. While this retreat presented an opportunity for a Zulu counter-attack deep into Natal, Cetshwayo refused to mount such an attack, his intention being to repulse the British without provoking further reprisals.

Cetshwayo visited England in 1882 when this portrait was painted by Karl Rudolf Sohn.

However, the British then returned to Zululand with a far larger and better armed force, finally capturing the Zulu capital at the Battle of Ulundi, in which the British, having learned their lesson from their defeat at Isandlwana, set up a hollow square on the open plain, armed with cannons and Gatling Guns. The battle lasted approximately 45 minutes before the British unleashed their cavalry to rout the Zulus. After Ulundi was taken and torched on 4 July, Cetshwayo was deposed and exiled, first to Cape Town, and then to London, returning to Zululand only in 1883. From 1881, his cause had been taken up by, among others, Lady Florence Dixie, correspondent of the London Morning Post, who wrote articles and books in his support. This, along with his gentle and dignified manner, gave

rise to public sympathy and the sentiment that he had been ill-used and shoddily treated by Bartle Frere and Lord Chelmsford. Method of warfare Note that this passage talks about the methods used by Shaka, the Zulu king that established the Zulu as a regional power and Cetshwayo's great uncle: As he conquered a tribe, he enrolled its remnants in his army, so that they might in their turn help to conquer others. He armed his regiments with the short stabbing assegai, instead of the throwing assegai which they had been accustomed to use, and kept them subject to an iron discipline. If a man was observed to show the slightest hesitation about coming to close quarters with the enemy, he was executed as soon as the fight was over. If a regiment had the misfortune to be defeated, whether by its own fault or not, it would on its return to headquarters find that a goodly proportion of the wives and children belonging to it had been beaten to death by Chaka's orders, and that he was waiting their arrival to complete his vengeance by dashing out their brains. The result was, that though Chaka's armies were occasionally annihilated, they were rarely defeated, and they never ran away.[2]

Cartoon by E. C. Mountford of 1882, depicting Cetshwayo being lectured by the anti-imperialist MP for Birmingham, John Bright

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Later life

Cetshwayo Blue Plaque in Kensington, London

By 1882 differences between two Zulu factions—pro-Cetshwayo uSuthus and three rival chiefs UZibhebhu—had erupted into a blood feud and civil war. In 1883, the British tried to restore Cetshwayo to rule at least part of his previous territory but the attempt failed. With the aid of Boer mercenaries, Chief UZibhebhu started a war contesting the succession and on 22 July 1883 he attacked Cetshwayo's new kraal in Ulundi. Cetshwayo was wounded but escaped to the forest at Nkandla. After pleas from the Resident Commissioner, Sir Melmoth Osborne, Cetshwayo moved to Eshowe, where he died a few months later on 8 February 1884,

aged 57–60, presumably from a heart attack, although there are some theories that he may have been poisoned.[5] His body was buried in a field within sight of the forest, to the south near Nkunzane River. The remains of the wagon which carried his corpse to the site were placed on the grave, and may be seen at Ondini Museum, near Ulundi. Cetshwayo is remembered by historians as being the last king of an independent Zulu nation. His son Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo, as heir to the throne, was proclaimed king on 20 May 1884, supported by (other) Boer mercenaries. A blue plaque commemorates Cetshwayo at 18 Melbury Road, Kensington.[6] In popular culture Cetshwayo figures in three adventure novels by H. Rider Haggard: The Witch's Head (1885), Black Heart and White Heart (1900) and Finished (1917), and in his non-fiction book Cetywayo and His White Neighbours (1882). He is mentioned in John Buchan's novel Prester John.

Mangosuthu Buthelezi.

A character in the opera Leo, the Royal Cadet by Oscar Ferdinand Telgmann and George Frederick Cameron was named in his honour in 1889. In the 1964 film Zulu, he was played by Mangosuthu Buthelezi, his own maternal great-grandson and the future leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party. In the 1979 film Zulu Dawn, he was played by Simon Sabela. In the 1986 miniseries Shaka Zulu, he was played by Sokesimbone Kubheka. Legacy In 2016, the King Cetshwayo District Municipality was named after him.

References ^ The title iSilo samaBandla was used for the king by the Zulu people. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cetywayo" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 776–777. ^ Jump up to:a b Rider Haggard, Henry (1882). Cetywayo and His White Neighbours: Or, Remarks on Recent Events in Zululand, Natal, and the Transvaal. AMS Press. ^ Morris, Donald R. (1994). The Washing of the Spears: A History of the Rise of the Zulu Nation Under Shaka and Its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879. Pimlico. pp. 190–199. ISBN 978-0-7126-6105-8. ^ Jump up to:a b Meredith, Martin (2007). Diamonds, Gold, and War: The British, the Boers, and the Making of South Africa. PublicAffairs. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-58648-473-6.

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^ "Biography of Cetshwayo kaMpande, the last king of an independent Zulu nation". Retrieved 2006-12-17. ^ "CETSHWAYO, KA MPANDE, KING OF THE ZULUS (C.1832–1884)". English Heritage. Retrieved 2012-07-01.

Anglo Zulu War: Death of a Dynasty: Susan Nind-Barrett June 1st 1879 saw the death of a dynasty. It died in the arms of its only heir, the Prince Imperial of France, when he sacrificed his life in the Anglo-Zulu War. The story of how the impetuous and handsome prince was transported from a world of wealth and glamour to die on a lowly Zululand battlefield is but a single tragedy in a war of attrition. Born Eugene Louis Napoleon, the prince was the only child of Emperor Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte of France and his consort, the beautiful Empress Eugène. His bloodline was impressive, he was the nephew of the famed Napoleon Bonaparte 1; his paternal grandfather was, Louis Bonaparte, King of Spain, and his maternal grandfather, Count de Montijo, Grandee of Spain. As heir to the most powerful court in Europe, his life of majesty had been preordained—or so it must have seemed! The prince was born 16th March 1856, a year which saw the end of his country's involvement in the Crimean war; a war in which there were no victors, only victims. Of the countries involved (Great Britain and France as allies of the Turks, against Russia), many thousands were to die, beaten by disease and privation as much as by warfare. The war ended March 30th without advantage to either side. The prince was barely fourteen when his father took him on to the battlefields of the Franco-Prussian War; a war destined to cause the collapse of the French Empire that had been established by his father by means of a coup d’état in 1851. A year later Bonaparte 111 had become Emperor of France. Initially the Emperor had been unpopular, his foreign policies unsuccessful and, although he had gained glory for France in the Crimean War, the Franco-Prussian War was to be his downfall. After being defeated at the Battle of Sedan, Napoleon and his armies surrendered and the Emperor was taken prisoner. Empress Eugène and the young Prince Imperial fled to sanctity in England. The Emperor joined them on his release from captivity. The prince settled happily into the British way of life, living in Kent before moving to Farnborough in Hampshire. When the Prince Imperial was sixteen, his father, anxious his son should reflect his own qualities, sent him to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich to be trained as a soldier. The prince was crushed when, on January 9th 1873, just two months before his seventeenth birthday, his father died, aged sixty-five. He was to predecease his son by just three years. During 1878, serious difficulties developed between Britain and the Zulu king, Cetshwayo. The British High Commissioner in Zululand, Sir Bartle Frere, viewed Zulu independence as a threat to his plans for confederation. The two countries sized each other up. Cetshwayo, reluctant to go to war, stated he would not retaliate to British aggression but, in spite of Cetshwayo's assurances, Britain prepared for war. Appeals were made in Britain for volunteers and the impoverished working classes responded en masse, lured by the promise of easy money.

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So, the stage was set for Britain, the most powerful military force in the world, to flex its muscles against the intimidating Kingdom of Zululand. Forged together as a proud and formidable nation by the mighty warrior Shaka, the Zulus were a fearsome fighting force. British infantry, cavalry and artillery were stationed at three different locations on the Zululand border and, on 12th January 1879, the British invasion of independent Zululand began. Two weeks later, after overwhelming British defeats at Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, reinforcements were sent for. The Prince Imperial arrived in Pietermaritzburg. He had volunteered to join the British forces in Zululand not only as a token of gratitude to his adopted country, but also to win the respect of his French countrymen. In February he joined Lord Chelmsford and the 2nd Division Command on the Buffalo River and made camp on Thelezi Hill. On 1st June the young prince set out on a reconnaissance mission, accompanied by Lieutenant J. B. Carey, Commander of the Escort, and six European troopers. Their orders were to reconnoitre the area and select a camp site for the advancing troops. The party spent the afternoon resting by the Tombokala and Ityotosi rivers near Nqutu, confident that the area had already been surveyed for enemy presence. Suddenly an unexpected Zulu attack sent them scurrying for their horses. As the prince mounted, his horse shied and bolted. He tripped and fell at the feet of his attackers who, incensed by the taste of an easy victory, viciously hacked him to death. His royal blood spurted from his mutilated body into a ground already copiously fertilised by a million dead warriors. The prince was barely twenty-three years old! Lt Carey and four surviving troopers rode off, oblivious to the fate of their comrades; an action that was to bring Lt Carey before a Court-Martial on a charge of Misbehaviour Before The Enemy. A Not-Guilty verdict did not save him the humiliation of being cashiered. The Prince Imperial's body lay in state in Pietermaritzburg before being returned to England aboard HMS Boadicea. He was eventually buried next to his father at St Michael's Abbey Chapel, Farnborough. On 4th July 1879, the Zulus were defeated at the Battle of Ulundi and King Cetshwayo was taken prisoner. By September all British troops had left Zululand. Although a crude and vicious victory had been wrought, Lord Chelmsford's determined efforts to prove his superiority had failed. In 1880, Queen Victoria arranged for Empress Eugène to visit Zululand on a six month's pilgrimage of mourning. The carefully arranged tour allowed her to quietly grieve her son's loss without the intrusion of publicity. Later Queen Victoria erected a cross on the site of the Prince Imperial's death. The Empress Eugène died in Madrid, Spain on 11th July 1920, she was ninety-four. Her body was interred in the family vault at Farnborough, in a country that had been her home and refuge for fifty years. A country to whom she had given the ultimate sacrifice—her beloved son. © Susan Nind-Barrett

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John Dunn: A Power Behind the Zulu Throne: Susan Nind-Barrett

Pencil Sketch of John Dunn by Susan Nind-Barrett AFRICA 4th September 1847 Spring had arrived with a vengeance, and fingers of electricity were convulsing across the moody sky. The heat intensified, thunder filled the air, but still the much needed rain refused to come.

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Suddenly a large bull elephant appeared out of the bush and, incensed by an unseen enemy, lunged towards an incautious hunter and his son . . . Too late the young British boy screamed a warning! Gasping in horror he watched the angry beast throw his father to the parched ground . . . Fear rose in John Robert Dunn's throat as the sound of a million breaking bones stole any hope that his father would live through the attack. He sank to the ground, engulfed in grief. And in that quiet moment of lonely despair, the child became a man - a man destined to change history as he became a forceful power behind the Zulu throne. The name John Robert Dunn was soon to ricochet throughout the Kingdom of Zululand. John's father, Robert Newton Dunn, was born 26 February 1795 at Ware in Hertfordshire, England. He was baptised on 26th March 1795 at Old Meeting, Dead Lane-Independent, Ware. His parents were Hannibali and Elizabeth Dunn née Plaw. Robert was initiated as a Freemason of the United Grand Lodge of England, at Bedford Lodge on 12th January 1820. His profession is stated as: Gent. A fierce battle on the beaches of Cape Town in January 1806, led to Britain defeating the Dutch, taking control of the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. That control was formalised in 1814 when, under the treaty of Versailles, Britain paid six million pounds to the Dutch and the Cape became a colony of the British Empire. Hoping to alleviate British political tensions and relieve unemployment, whilst at the same time, increase the English-speaking community and culture in the new British colony, the government instituted several schemes to encourage settlers to migrate to South Africa. Lured by the promise of adventure and prosperity, 25 year old, Robert Newton Dunn signed up to a party of 41, led by self-financing, Lieutenant Richard Daniell of Sidbury, Devon, an officer of the Royal Navy, his brother, James, and Thomas Handfield, a farmer from Ulcombe, Kent to join the thousands seeking a new life in Britain’s newest colony. On 30 March 1820, the Daniell party sailed from Portsmouth on the Duke of Marlborough, arriving in Table Bay, Cape Town on 18 June. Upon arrival they were among the 3736 men, women and children allocated land in an area between the Sundays and Fish rivers known as Albany. The Daniell’s farm was at Sweet Milk Fountain, Bushman’s River Heights. Reminiscient their hometown, they named their new home, Sidbury Park, successfully intoducing the Merino sheep to South Africa. In later years, Daniell established a village called Sidbury, where he built a church for the local community. Unused to African climatic conditions, in a land teeming with dangerous wild animals, amid crop failures, sunstroke, severe droughts, crop and human diseases and, often completely lacking agricultural experience, the settlers fought to survive. By 1821, the number of Albany residents had drastically fallen and Government aid in the form of rice had to be supplied. Major Jones, the Landdrost of Albany, encouraged settlers to grow potatoes which grew well and produced excellent crops, offering premiums for the greatest quantities of potatoes delivered via a long and arduous 100 miles journey to the fledgling towns of Bathurst and Port Elizabeth. Labourers were tied by contract to work for their ship’s master for three to ten years for an annual salary. At the end of their tenure each family was promised a 100 acre grant of land of their own.

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However, realising their grant of a 100 acres was not enough farmland to make a living or graze cattle on, the settlers readily accepted the guidance of Boers – white people descended from predominantly Dutch settlers who arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries - and took to trading oxen and ivory with the native Xhosa people. In September 1824, at Woodlands, Cape of Good Hope, Robert married Anne Harold Biggar, the daughter of British immigrant, Alexander Harvey Biggar. Anne’s parents were married Brechin, Angus, Scotland on 2nd March 1899. Anne was born on 18th August 1801 in Renfrewshire, Scotland. She was baptised, 1st September 1801 at Paisley Abbey in Renfrewshire. The Biggar family had arrived at Algoa Bay (known today as Port Elizabeth), on 15th May 1820, on the Weymouth with 450 settlers. The disgraced Biggar, a Captain of the 85th Regiment, had been found guilty of embezzling £1300 from War Office Funds but had been discharged after repaying the money. Robert and Anne’s union was to produce: Sarah Mary (1825), Charlotte Lousia (1827), Agnes Francis (1929), Matilda Jane (1829), Herbert Alexander (1831) and at Port Alfred in 1933, John Robert. Meanwhile Robert became a successful hunter and trader. In 1834, his brother, Hannibal, informed Saffron Walden museum in England that, at an expense of £400, Robert had been collecting South African specimens on their behalf. At first the museum were dubious however, when the specimens arrived they were all gratefully received and Robert was reimbursed to the sum of £150. Collected largely as a result of Robert’s exceptional hunting prowess, the specimens included the skeleton and skin of an elephant, hippo, rhino, wildebeast, anteater and many other African animals. Many of which stayed on display in the museum until the 1950s. Ever eager to meet new challenges, in 1836, Robert moved to the British settlement of Port Natal (known today as Durban), where Biggar was a important figure in the fledgling settler community. In 1838, a now prosperous, Robert, purchased Sea View from the estate of the late, James Collis. He built his family an impressive homestead overlooking the Indian ocean where, nestled snugly in the undulating, verdant hills of British controlled Natal, the Dunn family enjoyed a privileged colonial lifestyle, eventually laying claim to five 3000 acres farms in areas known today as Bellair and Rossburgh. As he grew up, John did not allow his father's wealth to separate him from the indigenous people of the area. He spoke Zulu fluently, his personality displaying an unique coalescence of European and Zulu cultures. Handsome, intelligent and quick-witted, his given Zulu name was Jantoni. From an early age John loved nothing better than to accompany his father on hunting trips. His proficiency with a rifle was to become such, that many years later claims were to be made that John's hunting prowess was largely to blame for the depletion of wildlife in Zululand. Life was idyllic until that fateful day in 1847 when Robert Dunn was trampled to death by an elephant. Financial disaster followed and Anne Dunn was forced to sell Sea View in order to pay the families debts. Anne and her daughters returned to Algoa Bay (Port Elizabeth), where she died in 1851, leaving 17 year old John, alone and penniless. For a while John worked as a transport rider, until his unscrupulous employer duped him of his salary. Totally disillusioned by "civilized" society, John retreated to the bush, taking with him fifteen year old Catherine Pierce; the daughter of Robert Dunn's English assistant, Richard (Dick) Pierce Jr whose family had arrived from England on the La Belle Alliance in May 1820, and a

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Cape-Malay woman whose mother is believed to be Minna (aka Mary Wilmot), the seven year old survivor of the wreck of the East Indiaman, the Grosvenor in 1782. The Grosvenor, sailing from Madras, Ceylon to England, was carrying a cargo of fine silks, indigo and a number of wealthy passengers when it hit a “hard gale” and went aground on the shores of the Eastern Cape. The captain, William Coxon, was accused of abandoning the women and children. In 1907 William Bazley describes how, “after the women and children were abandoned by Capt. Cox (sic) and his officers, one little girl, who he calls Minna, was carried across the Mzimvubu River by a Lascar man”. Minna is believed to have been raised by amaMolo, a clan whose whose ancestors were Indian slave castaways. In the early 1850s; still only teenagers, John and Catherine led a nomadic existence on the borders of British controlled Natal and Zululand. Living by their wits and John's skill with a rifle, the couple were soon initiated into the untamed lifestyle of renegades and transfrontiersmen. In 1853, they married. Zulu policemen Inexplicably a friendship developed between John and Natal’s authorities eccentric Border Agent, retired British army officer, Joshua Walmsley, son of Sir Joshua Walmsley MP and controversial Mayor of Liverpool. Walmsley was shocked by John's coarse and uncultured lifestyle and, under of his auspices John finished his education and became the Border Agent's assistant. With a unit of Zulu policemen, it was John's task to monitor all traffic crossing the Thukela (Tugela) river to and from Zululand. Meanwhile, tension was mounting in Zululand as Mbuyasi and Cetshwayo, sons of the ruling Zulu king, Mpande, vied for the right of succession. On one occasion when the half-brothers were fighting, John took part against Cetshwayo, armed with a six-chambered revolver. Mounted on a grey horse, John and his party was outnumbered. They were pursued to the banks of the Thukela river whose fast flowing waters were impassable. Plunging into the foam, beneath a rain of assegais, John urged his horse into the rapid current. They safely reached the other side. John’s courage so impress Cetshwayo, he sent messengers to him, seeking his friendship. In 1856, the bitter rivalry between Mbuyasi and Cetshwayo, culminated in a civil war and, in a land already copiously fertilized with the blood of a million dead warriors, John Dunn strove to bring peace to a tortured nation. Distraught because of his inability to prevent the impending disaster, John tried to persuade Mbuyazi to move his women and children across the Thukela to safety, but Mbuyazi refused to concede any semblance of defeat. On 2nd December 1856, Mbuyazi's hopelessly out-numbered impi was massacred on the banks of the swollen river. Six of Mpande's sons, including Mbuyazi were killed as Cetshwayo claimed his bloody inheritance. Waters flowed red with blood as the mighty Thukela claimed the battles victims, only to spew them out, days later, on the shores of the Indian ocean. Caught up in the fighting, John was plunged into the water amidst the mass of writhing humanity, his flailing arms blindly embracing the nearest solid object. Suddenly, he recoiled in horror as he realized he was holding a young woman with a baby pinned to her dying body by an assegai! The carnage was horrific and its violent reality was to live on the mirror of John Dunn's mind for the rest of his life.

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After the war a spiritually crushed and fearful King Mpande, relinquished all but ceremonial duties to Cetshwayo. The differences that had divided John and Cetshwayo before the war, now became the catalyst for mutual respect. A strong friendship developed between the two equally ambitious and far-sighted men. Recognizing John's extraordinary talents, Cetshwayo invited him to become his secretary and diplomatic advisor, he rarely made a decision without first consulting John. Cetshwayo granted John large tracts of land where 2,000 Zulus considered him their chief. Obtained large herds of cattle by bartering guns, John’s wealth was estimated to be in excess of £40,000. "Chief" John Dunn was ceremoniously installed into office with traditional gifts of land, cattle and, much to Catherine's disgust – as a token of the king’s affection, two hand picked Zulu maidens from the royal kraal. Although her dedication to her head strong and handsome husband, never wavered, Catherine was never able to accept John's concubines - of which there were to be many. Until the day she died, Catherine maintained an air of superiority over them. In a land teeming with wildlife, John proceeded to build his empire. With an English father and a Scottish mother, John was a charming, handsome, athletic man who spoke with a Scottish lilt to his voice. He was an excellent rider and an accomplished marksman whose penetrating steel-grey eyes changed hue with his ever changing moods. A tawny-brown beard gave him him a leonine appearance that was tempered by his canniness and unmistakable intelligence. An excellent story teller, he’d entertain his European guests, with pipe and choicest brandy, regaling them with tales of his perilous adventures. Rising early in the mornings, he’d sit on his verandah with his Indunas and headmen squatting in a circle before him, listening to the minutiae of their lives. Thus, not a blade of grass whispered in Dunnsland without John knowing about it, his finger was on the pulse of every breath his subjects took. Skilled in tact and native diplomacy, with a shrewd insight into Zulu psyche, John confidently strode towards becoming the second most powerful man in the Zulu political area. Catherine, having acquired the distinction of being John's "Great Wife", was housed in grand European style at Mangete, John's principal home. Of all of John's wives, only Catherine was to bear the honour of being allowed to enter John's presence without first being summoned. But no amount of wealth and status could compensate Catherine for the unsurmountable pain she felt at having to share her husband with 48 Zulu wives, whom she considered, were little more than savages. In 1873, King Mpande gave some farm land, next door to John's, to an English missionary named Alfred Adams. Born in West Maidstone, Kent in 1841, Alfred originally came out to Africa with the famous missionary/explorer, David Livingstone, directly after the latter's discovery of Victoria Falls. In May 1873, Alfred married Selina Wood whom he had met on board the Thukela during his voyage out from England in 1864; the Wood family were emigrating to Port Natal. Their marriage was to last barely three years before Selina died, leaving Alfred with a 2 year old son, Charles Frederick. Although of deeply Christian beliefs himself, John possessed an inherent dislike of missionaries, but in spite of this, he and Alfred Adams became friends and he offered Alfred and the Reverend Robert Robertson, who had founded the first Anglican mission in Zululand, land upon which to establish a mission station and school. John was anxious for his fifty plus, school-age children, to

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be educated to strict European standards, and for them to be schooled in the niceties of Victorian society. St Andrew's Mission was built and St Augustine’s College, Cambridge sent out a Mr Shildrick to take charge of the school. But all did not progress peacefully in the Zulu Kingdom, as first the Boers and then the British, strove to appropriate Zulu land. Considering the possible serious consequences of conflict with either party, John urged Cetshwayo to adopt a policy of peace. On 18th October 1872, King Mpande died aged 74 and, amid much pomp and ceremony, Cetshwayo finally claimed his much coveted throne. Due mainly to John's influence, Cetshwayo became the first Zulu king to take transfer of power without Zulu spears first being washed in blood. It was to be almost twelve months before Cetshwayo's reign was officially acknowledged by the British Government and he was crowned by Sir Theophilus Shepstone. Pre-coronation talks resulted in Britain - anxious to portray herself as an ally - half-heartedly, promising British support to the Zulus in their land disputes with the Boers. Maximising on his success in the political and economic arenas, and taking advantage of his influence with both the British and the Zulus, John greatly enhanced the wealth and stability of Dunnsland. In 1874, he accepted the position of Protector of Immigrants, offered to him by the Natal Government at a salary of £300 a year. However, tensions once again intensified as Britain became more and more aggressive and Cetshwayo vowed to protect his Zulu sovereignty at all costs. John told Cetshwayo: “The day you gather your men to wash their spears in English blood, that same day I will leave Zululand and be not a friend of your nation.” John, his loyalties now divided, was forced to support the British Imperial Policy and Cetshwayo, the man who had befriended him since boyhood, became his enemy. Anglo-Zulu War At dawn on 11th January 1879, troops crossed the Thukela river, near Fort Pearson - the British invasion of independent Zululand had begun! John played an active role in the Anglo-Zulu War, his intimate knowledge of the Zululand bush giving him a distinct advantage. Following initial defeats at Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, the British gained a bloody and hard-fought victory. On 28th August 1879, after being defeated at the Battle of Ulundi, Cetshwayo was taken prisoner by Captain Lord Gifford and Major Marter, commanding a party of dragoons. Too incapacitated to walk, and refused the dignity of death, Cetshwayo was taken to the British camp by ambulance cart. From there he was transferred to the Cape Colony were he was to live in exile for the next four years. On 1st September 1879, Independent Zululand ceased to exist as Britain carved up her spoils of war. John Dunn became one of thirteen "Kinglets" when one fifth of Zululand was given to him by the British Government, adding to his already substantial land holdings. On 6th December 1879, the Glasgow Herald, published a scathing personal attack on John Dunn referring to him as a “man with two hearts” and a “mole of the British government”, for refusing to side with his adopted countrymen, spuriously claiming: “When one of his wives offended him he did not scruple to induce Cetewayo to put her and two other people to death for her offences.”

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The article condemned Sir Garnet Wolseley for actually conferring upon John Dunn the chief principality of Zululand, calling John a traitor. Dispite the bad press, John administered Dunnsland effectively and efficiently. Employing senior officials from all walks of life, awarding his 6,000 plus subjects, the security of a politically and economically stable environment. The hunting fraternity adored his lavish hospitality. His reputation spread throughout Europe, bringing in its wake, many influential people to enjoy a unique cross-cultural experience as guest of the White Chief of Zululand. Not unaware of the damaging influence of the Press, John wrote to the Natal Mercury. In a long, extremely articulated letter dated, 20 February 1882, John asks that the British public can know of the misstatements and misrepresentations that Bishop Colenso was making regarding his activities in Zululand. In the letter, as well as addressing other issues, John defends his decision to fight with the British, stating: “It was only hard persuasion and not being allowed to remain neutral … and at Lord Chelmsford's earnest entreaty, that I consented to join him after the Isandlwana disaster, knowing I could be of assistance and might be the means of saving some hundreds of lives on both sides from being sacrificed. This most assuredly would not have been the case if I had not, with my own people to act as scouts, done as I did.” Meanwhile Cetshwayo, still in exile, became extremely bitter towards the friend whom he considered had betrayed him. He mistakenly believed John to be behind a powerful conspiracy opposing his return to power. He longed to reclaim his throne and in 1882, the British authorities allowed him to travel to England to plead his case before Queen Victoria. The queen was fascinated by him; she later described their meeting as "enjoyable". Cetshwayo; originally displayed to London society as a curiosity, became the darling of the press; his quiet charm winning the hearts of the British people. On 10th January 1883, the much maligned Cetshwayo was unceremoniously restored to his Zulu throne. But his victory was to be fleeting: barely a year later, Cetshwayo died at Eshowe, an embittered victim of British bureaucracy. John Dunn wept; bitterly regretting the passing of the single most influential man in his life. Though estranged, the umbilical cord that had bound the two men in friendship and affection, had remained intact. On August 5th 1895, after taking little part in politics since the death of Cetshwayo, John Dunn passed peacefully away. His had been one of the most extraordinary lives of any European in Africa. During his 61 years, he married 49 wives and fathered 117 children, leaving his family a unique inheritance: an identity all of their own. © Susan Nind-Barrett

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1879: Indian Soldiers serving in the Anglo Zulu War: Vinesh Selvan

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Anglo Zulu War Memorial: Pietermaritzburg

Source: KZN Heritage Preservation Initiative. The Natal Mounted Police were also involved in this war.

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• The Monument today: Lucas Holtzhausen

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Post-traumatiese stresversteuring PTSV (PTSD): Johan Heyns

Johan Heyns van Welkom is ‘n voormalige luitenant van die SA Weermag, skrywer en ‘n ambassadeur vir "Youngworld" wat ‘n organisasie is, wat hulle beywer vir geestessiektes bewusmaking.

PTSV is 'n geestesgesondheidstoestand wat veroorsaak word deur 'n vreesaanjaende gebeurtenis - óf dit te ervaar het of as getuie daarvan te gewees het. PTSV kan in vier basiese groepe verdeel word:

• Skrikwekkende herinneringe

Met simptome soos, herhalende, ongewenste ontstellende herinneringe aan die traumatiese gebeurtenis. Die traumatiese gebeurtenis herleef asof dit weer gebeur (terugflitse) Ontstellende drome of nagmerries oor die traumatiese gebeurtenis

• 'n Gevoel van vermyding

Deur dinge wat 'n persoon aan die traumatiese gebeurtenis herinner vermy. Hierdie simptome kan veroorsaak dat iemand sy / haar persoonlike roetine verander. Byvoorbeeld, na 'n slegte motorongeluk, kan iemand wat gewoonlik bestuur vermy ry of in 'n motor ry, weg bly van plekke en gebeure of voorwerpe wat herinner aan die traumatiese ervaring

• Negatiewe veranderinge in jou gemoedstoestand en

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Hopeloosheid oor die toekoms, geheel probleme, insluitend die onthou van belangrike aspekte van die traumatiese gebeurtenis, dit is moeilikheid om hegte verhoudings te handhaaf, jy voel los van familie en vriende, jy ervaar emosies negatief. Jy voel niemand gee om nie en dan begin jy jouself te isoleer.

• Fisiese sowel as jou emosionele reaksie op gebeure

Word maklik geskok, voel heeltyd gespanne of “op die rand van 'n uitbarsting”, sukkel om te slaap en kry onredelike onbeheerde woede uitbarstings. PTSV sal nie van self weg gaan nie en dit is noodsaaklik dat 'n persoon as hy vermoed hy lei aan PTSV-simptome mediese hulp moet kry. As ontstellende gedagtes oor 'n traumatiese gebeurtenis inbraak maak op jou gedagtes vir langer as 'n maand, as jy begin selfmoord gedagtes kry moet jy onmiddellik hulp gaan kry, sulke gedagtes dit is nie normaal nie was nog nooit en sal ook nooit wees. Uit persoonlike ondervinding kan ek getuig daar is hoop, hier wil ek verduidelik mens dink nie daaraan omrede jy iemand wil straf nie, jy soek rus en jy begin jouself naderhand glo in die dood is rus. Selfmoord is al so algemeen ons het dit al moreel regverdig deur te praat begin praat van selfdood. Tog bly dit moord jy het jouself vermoor vergeet die debatte wat wêreld wyd hieroor gevoer in beginsel het iemand se lewe geneem, jou eie. Dit is sosiaal korrek om mens spasie te gee, tog het elkeen van ons 'n morele verantwoordelikheid teenoor ander mense. Depressiewe mense wat mense is geneig om te sê: Ek wil net alleen gelaat word en ons doen dit dan. Dit is verkeerdste ding om iemand wat besig is om 'n gat van depressie te val, alleen te los. Mense soos hulle wil 'n “veilig hawe' hê waar hulle alleen kan wees met hulle gedagtes, gedagtes dat niemand vir hulle omgee nie. Dit glo hulle. My advies egter; as iemand besig is om 'n gat van depressie te val wees en almal wegstoot want “niemand” gee om nie moet jy juis gaan kuier. Depressie is soos om in 'n bedwelmend toestand te wees jy weet wat is vir goed vir jouself nie. Dit klink wreed en verkeerd om inbraak te maak op iemand se privaatheid en dit is verkeer maar vertrou ek was daar; selfmoord was die oplossing, elk geval gee nie het ek geglo maar toe ek gaan hulp soek moes ek agter kom, ek sou selfmoord pleeg oor ek leuen aan myself geglo het. Nie elke getraumatiseerd persoon ontwikkel kroniese of selfs korttermyn (akute) PTSV nie, nie almal met PTSV was in 'n gevaarlike situasie nie, sommige ervarings soos onverwagte dood van 'n geliefde, kan ook PTSV veroorsaak. Simptome begin gewoonlik vroeg na die traumatiese geval maar kan ook eers jare daarna begin. Slegs 'n dokter wat ervaring het om mense met geestesiektes, soos 'n psigiater of sielkundige, te help, kan PTSV diagnoseer. Maar jy kan as jy vermoed jy het of iemand het PTSV sorg dat hy of sy hulp kry. Om met PTSV gediagnoseer te word moet 'n volwassene van die volgende simptome eers vir minstens 'n maand hê. Ten minste een simptoom wat weer gebeur ervaar, of een simptoom van vermyding, ten minste twee nagmerries of voel jy herleef weer die trauma, twee simptome van kognisie en buierigheid wat in sluit: fisieke simptome soos hartkloppings of sweet. PTSV is 'n jong diagnose en het eers in in 1980 'n huishoudelike naam geword na daar 'n artikel in die derde uitgawe van die Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-lll) wat deur die American Psychiatric Association uitgegee is. PTSV en die weermag word oor die algemeen aan mekaar verbind. Vroeëre is van terme soos 'bomskok' en 'oorlogsneurose' gebruik gemaak. As mens na die geskiedenis kyk kan mens agter kom dat blootstelling aan geveg situasies 'n diep negatiewe impak kan hê op die gedagtes en liggame van diegene wat by hierdie situasies betrokke was. PTSV is nie noodwendig net as gevolg van geveg situasies nie maar kom redelik meer algemeen as gevolg van dit. Mense in die weermag kan egter ook die risiko loop om

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ander tipes traumatiese gebeure te ervaar bv vroue in die weermag het 'n hoë risiko hê om seksuele trauma te ervaar, wat dikwels na militêre seksuele trauma (MST) verwys word. PTSV is nie net vir soldate moeilik nie maar ook vir hulle familie die gevolge van oorlog kan verreikend wees. Soldate veral tydens oorlogstyd, kan 'n hoë risiko vir PTSV hê. Deesdae is daar egter hulp beskikbaar, en daar is 'n aantal hulpbronne vir militêre soldate en hul gesinne wat van dit gebruik wil maak. Een so 'n metode is "Die veld van geheue manipulasie maar die veld is nog steeds jonk ... Dit klink soos sci-fi, maar hierdie studie is 'n voorskou van wat ons moet doen om herinneringe kunsmatig te verbeter of te onderdruk. Wat dit hier vir my gevaarlik maak is jy weet nie wie laat jy toe om jou geheue kunsmatig te manipuleer nie. Oorlogstres kom al van die vroegste tye af in die geskiedenis 326 V.C. Het Alexander die Grote se veroweringstogte by die bolope van die Indus-rivier dood geloop, nie omrede 'n vyandelike mag hom verslaan het nie maar deur die weiering van sy soldate om verder ooswaarts te trek. 'n moontlike rede wat gegee word deur “L Cilliers & F P Retief in sy tesis Alexander die grote se leer” en die oorlogstres-sindroom is oorlogstres. Die eerste beskrywing van oorlogstres dateer uit die Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog, 'n Geneesheer-generaal het dit “nostalgie” genoem 'n vorm van erge bedruktheid veroorsaak deur 'n lang verwydering weg van die huis en familie af. In die vroeë stadiums van die Eerste Wêreldoorlog in 1914, is soldate van die Britse weermag met mediese simptome ná gevegte behandel wat simptome insluit soos geheueverlies, hoofpyn, duiseligheid, bewing en hipersensitiwiteit vir geraas. Teen Desember 1914 het soveel as 10% van die Britse offisiere en 4% van die ingeligte mans aan "senuweeagtige en geestelike skok" gely. Die terme vir hierdie diagnose was "bomskok". Die term is die eerste keer in 1915 in 'n artikel in The Lancet deur Charles Myers gepubliseer. Die kondisie was nie 'n fisiese kondisie nie maar eerder 'n emosionele een. Aanvanklik is ongevalle met bomskok vinnig van die voorste linie ontruim - deels weens vrees vir hul onvoorspelbare gedrag. Namate die grootte van die Britse weermag toegeneem het en die mannekrag moeiliker bekombaar was, het die aantal gevalle van bomskok 'n groeiende probleem vir die militêre owerhede geword. Tydens die Slag van die Somme in 1916 het soveel as 40% van die soldate aan bomskok gelei. In 1917 is bomskok' geheel en al verbied as 'n diagnose in die Britse leër, en is melding gemaak daarvan, selfs in mediese vaktydskrifte. Sommige mans wat aan bomskok ly, is tereggestel weens sogenaamde militêre misdade. In Frankryk is 3000 gevalle van bomskok wat deur die Britse leer gediagnoseer is ter dood veroordeel en 307 is tereg gestel. By die Duitsers was die getal heelwat minder- 150 veroordeel en waarvan 48 was tereg gestel. Alhoewel daar erken is dat die spanning van oorlog daartoe kan lei dat mans afbreek, sou 'n blywende episode waarskynlik gesien word as simptomaties van 'n onderliggende gebrek aan karakter. In sy getuienis aan die na-oorlogse Koninklike Kommissie wat bomskok ondersoek het, het Lord Gort byvoorbeeld gesê dat bomskok 'n swakheid is en nie in 'goeie' eenhede gevind word nie. Tydens die Tweede wêreld oorlog is dit operasionele uitputting genoem “combat exhaution' tydens die Korea oorlog 'Combat fatigue” Eers tydens die Viëtnam oorlog is dit begin PSTD genoem alhoewel dit steeds nie ‘n algemene terme was nie. Plaaslik het dokters soos Feinstein en Potgieter ook hierdie sindroom ondersoek en hulle resultate het grotendeels ooreen gestem met dit wat tydens die Viëtnam oorlog aan die lig gekom het. In Suid-Afrika is dit sommer in volksmond is dit bom befxk genoem. Was die Duitsers beter soldate of hoekom was daar minder gevalle van bomskok in Frankryk as in die Britse weermag. In 1937, het hulle Pervitin gepatenteer - 'n stimulant wat mense wakker kan hou en hul prestasie kan verbeter, terwyl hulle eufories gevoel kry. Hulle het selfs 'n handelsmerk sjokolade gemaak, Hildebrand, wat 13mg van die geneesmiddel bevat wat aan die soldate uit gereik is. Julie 1940 is meer as 35 miljoen 3mg dosisse Pervitin vir Duitse leër en Luftwaffe in Frankryk gestuur. Soldate was dae lank wakker, sonder om te stop, wat nie sou

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gebeur het as dit nie vir stimulant was nie. In die geskiedenis is dit ‘n bewys hoe dwelms ‘n oorlog kan beïnvloed. Die Duitse weermag was nie so kragtig soos die Geallieerdes nie, hulle toerusting was swakker en hulle het net drie miljoen soldate gehad in vergelyking met die vier miljoen van die Geallieerdes gehad. Maar gewapen met Pervitin het die Duitsers het deur moeilike terrein gevorder sonder 36 na 50 uur gaan slaap. Die Laurier Militêre Geskiedenis Argief in Ontaard, Kanada, bevat rekords daar beraam word dat dertien miljoen amfetamien tablette deur die Geallieerdes gedurende die Tweede Wêreldoorlog gebruik is. Dwelms dateer verder terug as die Tweede Wêreldoorlog die Wiking "berserkers", het in 'n staat wat na verwys word ‘In ‘n trans' beroemd geraak, nadat hulle " magic "sampioene geëet het. In die modererende oorloë gaan dit nie beter nie, in Viëtnam is 225 miljoen stimulant pille van verskillende gedrink. Dat die soldate die oorlog kon wen maar sonder om aan die gevolg te ding. 70 000 Veterane het selfmoord gepleeg ba die oorlog teen oor die 58 000 soldate wat in die oorlog dood is, veterane wat in Irak en Afganistan gedien het, se selfmoord syfer is selfs hoër. Vraag is dus is stimulante en alkohol die regte manier om oorloë se effek te verminder of is daar 'n beter manier? Het ons die reg om te oordeel as veterane ‘n afhanklikheid probleem het na alkohol of ‘n stimulant? Het ons die reg om veterane te oordeel wat rigied, emosioneel afgestomp, hard in hulle omgang met mense is, het ons die reg om hulle in ‘n verdere oorlog te laat beland deur aan te bevel mens hulle moet skei hulle van hulle kinders ontneem . Soldate se oorlog stop nooit as dit nie teen ‘n sigbare vyand was nie is dit teen ‘n onsigbare. Dalk is die beste opsie om PTSV te hanteer, t soos in Alexander die grote se tyd moet ons dat politieke leiers saam met die soldate op die veldslag wees. PTSV is hel of dit van oorlog, traumatiese gebeure is soos ‘n ontydige dood, molestering of wat ookal. Vir die slagoffer eindig dit nie na die insident nie dit is ‘n jarelange oorlog wat in die kop voor gesit word.

Bewend skink hy ‘n dop beelde van die verlede is in sy kop, dit koggel en tart vinniger en vinniger klop sy hart,

eers net een glas ‘n aand naderhand meer en meer, beelde van die verlede wat terug keer,

wie sal verstaan wat in sy kop aangaan, Lord Gort het gesê ’ net swakkeling sal dit hê’

bewend dop na dop beelde in sy kop, drank het dit voorheen gestop… maar vanaand moet hy besluit,

is dit sulke tyd…

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Johan Lourens: Capt Andre van Ellinckhuyzen, SAPS.

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Killed in a friendly fire incident: Capt Andre van Ellinckhuyzen, SAPS.

“4 SA soldiers killed. Defence headquarters announced in Pretoria yesterday that four members of the South African Army, two of them from Natal, were killed in a shooting accident in the operational area on Thursday night. They were Corporal Leslie Muller (22), son of Mrs. M.R. Muller of Cockhane Avenue, Ladysmith, Rifleman C.J. Lourens (19), son of Mr. and Mrs. C.J.J. Lourens of Kommissie Street, Vryheid, Sergeant J.P.A. Furstenburg (24), of Middelburg, Transvaal, and Rifleman J.J. de Vos (19) of Swellendam, Cape.” Cornelius Johannes “Johan” Lourens, was born on Monday the 7th of April 1958 in Germiston Gauteng to his parents, Cornelius Johannes Jakobus “Neels” Lourens, and Anetta Lourens, born Potgieter. Johan was the oldest child, and he had three younger siblings named: Anna Maria Magrieta “Mari” Haughton, Hendrik Christoffel Marthinus “Henk” Lourens, and Sanett Susara “Anett” Lourens. Their father, Neels Lourens passed away in October 2017, and Anetta lives with her daughter Mari Haughton on a farm, Wilgerbosdrif, near Citrusdal, in the Western Cape. Johan started his schooling career at Colenso Primary School in 1964, and he matriculated at Vryheid High School where he was a learner from 1972 to 1976. His sister Mari says that Johan was good at cross country running, that he loved music, and was nicknamed “Looky” by his friends, because he adored the 1969 song Looky Looky sung by Giorgio Moroder. Sadly “Looky” died only hours before Mari’s own Matric Farewell Ball at Vryheid High School in 1977. Mari was already dressed and ready for the Ball when people arrived at their home and broke the terrible news of Johan’s death. Mari only went to the school for some photos with her class mates, and then straight back home. The current School Principle of Vryheid High School, Mr Anton Le Roux, was also a matric learner at the same school in 1977. During basic training Rifleman Lourens was based at Number 4 South African Infantry Battalion (4 SAI) in Middelburg, in the Mpumalanga Province, and during his operational deployment he was based at Grootfontein, also near Rundu, and in the Etosha Park, in Northern Namibia. The Lourens Family is in possession of a number of letters written by Johan to his mother and the family, including a letter they had received only three days before the day of his death. On 29 September 1977, Anetta Lourens wrote a letter to her son, Johan. She wrote to him about the family’s plans for a vacation at the seaside, and about Mari’s Matric Farewell party on the very same day. Sadly, and unbeknown to Anetta, she would never get to post that letter, or ever see her son Johan alive again, as just after 2 am on the morning of 29 September 1977……… …. four members from the 4th SAI Battalion were killed by friendly fire at Okalongo in South West Africa (Namibia), when a soldier who was watching the rear of the ambush position suddenly turned around, and opened fire on his fellow soldiers. The soldier in question later appeared in the Windhoek Supreme Court on charges of murder, but he was medically diagnosed as having acute Schizophrenia, and was declared medically unfit to stand trial. The three other casualties of this incident were:

• Sergeant Jan Pieter Albertus Furstenburg, born 11 April 1953, from Middelburg, in the

Mpumalanga Province;

• Corporal Leslie Muller, born 27 April 1958, from Ladysmith in Natal; and

• Rifleman Jan Joachim Jacobus de Vos, born 24 December 1958, from Swellendam.

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At the time of Johan’s death, the Lourens family were resident at 41 Kommissie Street in Vryheid, and for nearly six months after the death of her son, Anetta Lourens literally spent every day, from sunrise to sunset, mourning at her son’s grave, and till today she has never ever spoken, a single word, about his death. There were a number of newspaper articles from that period that reported on the death of Rifleman Lourens, and the three other soldiers: “So is vier aan grens deur maat geskiet. ʼn Enkele soldaat wat sy sin vir rigting kwytgeraak het, het op sy makkers losgebrand en vier van hulle doodgeskiet. Hy was onder die indruk dat dit terroriste was wat in die Suid Afrikaners se hinderlaag beland het.” “4 SOLDATE SNEUWEL. Diepe rou oor jong mans. Vier jong soldate – drie van hulle dienspligtiges en een ʼn lid van die Staande Mag – het in ʼn skietongeluk in die operasionele gebied gesterf, het die Weermaghoofkwartier gister in Pretoria bekend gemaak.” “Daily News, 4 October 1977. Soldier who died ‘keen to serve’”. Daily News Reporter. Lance-Corporal Johan Lourens, the Vryheid serviceman who died on the border on Thursday had looked forward to Border duty, his family said at the weekend. Corporal Lourens (19), who would have completed his army training on December 23, was killed in a shooting incident with three other army trainees. One other, Corporal Leslie Muller, was also from Natal. Corporal Muller died after being on the border for about three weeks. He also hoped to be home in time for Christmas. Corporal Lourens’ sister Marie, said from Vryheid that her brother had looked forward to border duty and expected it to be a great experience. He had been there since September 9 and the family had last heard from him three days before his death. In his letter, Johan wished his sister luck for her matric exam next month. He was missing his family and longed to be home. Corporal Lourens planned to join the railways as a draughtsman when he finished his national service.” Rifleman Cornelius Johannes Lourens, of the 4th South African Infantry Battalion, was honoured with a semi-military funeral from the Dutch Reformed Church (Klipkerk) in Vryheid, and he was laid to rest in the Vryheid cemetery. His name is inscribed on the War Memorial at the St. Peter’s Anglican Church in Vryheid………… Lest We Forget.

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Bombardier William Ernest “Bill” Mason: Capt Andre van Ellinckhuyzen, SAPS

BUCKINGHAM PALACE. My dear Mrs. Mason The Queen and I offer you our heartfelt sympathy in your great sorrow. We pray that your country’s gratitude for a life so nobly given in its service may bring you some measure of consolation. George R.I.

William Ernest “Bill” or “Billy” Mason was born on Saturday the 8th of January 1910 in Kimberley as the son of Ernest Joseph Mason, who was born in 1888. William’s mother was Johanna Catherine Graham formerly Mason who was born Botes in 1892. Ernest and Johanna were married in 1915 in Kimberley, and at the time of their wedding Ernest Joseph Mason was employed as a Cook in the 10th Mounted Field Ambulance Corps in Kimberley. After Ernest Joseph’s death in 1918, Johanna Catherine married a postal worker, James William Graham, on 9 April 1921, in Pietermaritzburg. Bill had two siblings, a sister named Gladys Catherine Mason, who was born on the 22nd of February 1912, and was married to Clifford Henry Johnson, a farmer from Tweedie in Natal. Bob had a brother named Reginald Ralph Mason, who was born on the 8th of July 1918, and he was a motor mechanic who served in the SAAF during the war. Reginald was married Vera Doreen Gay in 1943, whilst he was stationed at 1 Voortrekker Air Station, at Roberts Heights in Pretoria. Bill was educated in Pietermaritzburg, and his mother and stepfather lived there at 270 Victoria Road. Bill joined the Post Office and worked in Pietermaritzburg, Vryheid, and Greytown, before joining up with the South African Artillery Corps for the war. On Spring day, 1 September 1934, William Ernest Mason married Mary Adams, a farm girl who grew up on a farm near Vryheid together with her siblings, in the Methodist Church in Vryheid. Mary’s niece Monica Alice Walker was her flower girl, the matron of honour was Honey Bell, and best man was John Bell. After their marriage William and Mary lived in Church Street in Vryheid. William was the father of two boys, and one girl: Warwick Ernest Mason who was married to Marie van der Vyver and who passed away in February 2009, Anthony Malcolm Mason, who is married to Jane, and they live on the Breede River about 40km from Swellendam in the Western Cape, and Valerie Joan Roux born Mason, who is married to a retired Dutch Reformed Church Minister “Dominee” and they live in Newcastle, Natal. Bombardier William Ernest Mason, of the South African Artillery, was killed in action on 31 December 1941, during an attack on Bardia or El Burdi in Libya, when the Marmon Herrington Armoured Car in which he was a crew member, was hit by enemy machine gun fire, and he had suffered a bullet wound to the head. The Vryheid Gazette, 16 January 1942 “The names of Jack Frame, son of Mr. and Mrs. H. Frame of Vryheid and Wm. (Bill) Mason, at one time on the staff of the Local Post Office appeared in a wire received from Pretoria, as being killed in action in Libya. We extend our deepest sympathy to their relatives in their tragic loss.”

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The Vryheid Gazette (date unknown): “MARITZBURG CASUALTIES. The following information about Maritzburg men have been received by their nearest of kin: Killed in Action. Bombardier William Ernest Mason, husband of Mrs. M. Mason, of Vryheid, and eldest son of Mrs. J.W. Graham, of Maritzburg.” The men who died together with Bombardier William Ernest Mason on 31 December 1941 were: Major Mansfield Sired of the Second Field Regiment who was the husband of Queenie I. Sired of Pietermaritzburg; Gunner Cyril William Fuller of the South African Artillery who was the son of William John and Edith Evelyn Fuller of Durban; and Sergeant Thomas Francis Spaven Staples of Maseru who was educated at St. Andrews College in Grahamstown. In a letter addressed to “My dear Mrs Mason” and dated 15 February 1942, The Reverend W.R. Duxbury of the 2nd Field Regiment of the Union Defence Force, wrote to Mary, informing her that he was the one who had retrieved the bodies of Bombardier William Ernest Mason, Battery Commander Major Jack Sired, Gunner Fuller and Sergeant Staples from their armoured car that was hit by enemy machine gun fire, and that he had laid them to rest in a little cemetery at Sidi Azeiz near Bardia. After William’s death Mary Mason lived in Landdrost Street, and later in Church Street across the road from the High School in Vryheid. Mary never married again, and she was the Librarian of the Carnegie Library in Vryheid. Mary also taught Sunday school, she ran a boarding house across the road from the old Vryheid Market where the old OK Supermarket once stood, she ran a tuck shop, and was a leader in the Boy Cubs Troop. Mary had adopted a teenager boy named John Maree into the family. John matriculated from Vryheid High School, and became a school teacher himself. John taught English at Vryheid High, and at Hoërskool Pionier. John married a fellow educator, Sybil Steyn in 1972 in Kokstad. In 1986, John and Sybil moved to Pietermaritzburg where in 2015 John died after suffering from lung cancer. On the 9th of May 1997, Mary Mason passed away, and she was buried in Newcastle, Natal. Bombardier William Ernest Mason’s final place of rest is at the Halfaya Sollum War Cemetery in Egypt. His name is inscribed on the War Memorial in Vryheid. Lest we forget.

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Left: Bombardier William Ernest Mason posing with a Marmon Herrington armoured car

somewhere in North Africa. Right: Bombardier William Ernest Mason's grave at Sidi Azeiz near

Bardia in Libya. Below: William Ernest Mason posing with a wine bottle in front of his tent

somewhere up North

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POLICE & THE PRESS | POLISIE EN DIE PERS

Makhura threatens to bring in army if Gauteng unrest continues News24 | 03 September 2019 Johannesburg, Tshwane and Ekurhuleni hit by attacks on foreign owned shops

Makhura threatens to bring in army if Gauteng unrest continues 3 September 2019 Gauteng Premier David Makhura has warned that he will not hesitate to deploy the army to areas in the province plagued by xenophobic attacks and looting. Makhura made the comments in Alexandra where shops were looted and some were set alight overnight. He added that, if necessary, he will consult with President Cyril Ramaphosa and Defence Minister Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula for the deployment of soldiers to hotspots. Makhura said the Johannesburg, Tshwane and Ekurhuleni municipalities have been affected by the attacks on, looting of and damage to foreign-owned shops. "We want to tell our people that police reinforcements are happening. We will not hesitate to call on the president and defence minister to reinforce the police. There is a xenophobic sentiment where other people are calling for foreigners to leave. There is no country in the world without foreigners," he said. Makhura said he adjourned proceedings in the Gauteng legislature, where all members of the house and political parties agreed that they would visit areas affected by the unrest. "The country is dealing with illegal and undocumented foreigners. We are promising more reinforcements of border security. We want to ensure that the province is calm. The issue of illegal immigrants can be dealt with without violence. Everyone behind these crimes must be arrested. "We are calling for calm in the province. Actions of looting can't be justified by unemployment and criminal activities. The State will not compensate all shop owners who have lost their goods," he said. Makhura said many foreigners were in the country for good reasons and that those who were involved in crime should be dealt with. "We can't criminalise all foreign nationals and everybody must live by the rules of the country, whether local or foreigner nationals," he said. Gauteng police commissioner Lieutenant General Elias Mawela said officers were coping. Seven people were arrested in Alexandra for public violence and more than 100 people were arrested across the province since the unrest started on Sunday. He said they identified the ringleader behind the looting in Alexandra and that an arrest was imminent. News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/makhura-threatens-to-bring-in-army-if-gauteng-un-2?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=102ce8e143-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_03_10_13&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-102ce8e143-130042309

Anarchy on roads: Law-abiding citizens being held hostage – Pieter Groenewald Pieter Groenewald | 03 September 2019 FF Plus leader says blame for our weakening economy must be placed at ANC's door

Anarchy on roads: Law-abiding citizens being held hostage 3 September 2019

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The situations we had today on the roads around Cape Town, Pretoria and elsewhere in the country come down to nothing but anarchy and absolute disregard for law and order and as a result, law-abiding citizens are being held hostage. With regard to the blocking of routes to Cape Town, including the busy N2, it is clear that the authorities are either incompetent or unwilling to take action seeing as it was known beforehand that truck drivers were planning to block certain routes. Apparently, it was done in protest against the continuing violence against truck drivers and their vehicles. This kind of protest action serves no purpose and the aggrieved truck drivers thus only contributed to an even bigger problem instead of working toward a solution. The same goes for Pretoria where taxi drivers, seemingly without any regard for the law, caused chaos as they blocked roads and stopped trucks and buses to allegedly determine whether foreign citizens were driving the vehicles. It follows on a situation that took place last week in Pretoria when parts of the city were inaccessible due to arson and plundering, which caused extensive damage. The FF Plus takes note of the fact that the Ministers of Transport, Labour and Police have already met to discuss the matter and of the statements that they issued, i.e. that the attacks on trucks are an "attempt to sabotage the economy". The FF Plus wants to correct the ANC government and its ministers by pointing out that these incidences are not mere attempts to sabotage the economy, it is actually just the continuation of economic sabotage that has been going on for some time now and that the ministers have been aware of. It is causing the country great damage and the ANC must take full responsibility for it. Much greater than the calculable damage done and the immense impact on Sasria (state-owned insurer against, among other things, unrests) which is not profitable for the very first time in its existence, are the loss of human lives and the damage being done to South Africa's image in the international community. It seems as if xenophobia lies at the root of the problem and is fuelling all the violence. As long as the country's economy is declining and job opportunities are decreasing, this kind of crime will continue to rise. The blame for our weakening economy must be placed at the ANC's door. The government must start taking decisive action. Roads are like South Africa's economic veins and without them, our economic heartbeat will come to a standstill. Issued by Pieter Groenewald, FF Plus leader, 3 September 2018 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/anarchy-on-roads-lawabiding-citizens-being-held-ho?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=102ce8e143-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_03_10_13&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-102ce8e143-130042309

SA at risk of a repeat of 2008 xenophobia crisis: Institute of Race Relations (IRR) 4 September 2019

Mob violence in Johannesburg and elsewhere in Gauteng highlights once again the consequences of governance and economic failure. In common with several previous outbreaks of mob violence – notably the deadly 2008 riots that claimed 62 lives – the current wave seems to embody a strong element of xenophobia. The premises of foreign businesspeople appear to have been a particular target. In this respect, it must be noted that senior figures in leadership positions at municipal, provincial and national levels have made reckless comments which could stir hostility. A mere week ago, Gauteng premier David Makhura indicated that his administration intended to stop foreigners from operating particular types of businesses. However, the IRR cautions against ascribing the ongoing violence solely to xenophobia. Rather, as it argued in 2008, what is at play is a toxic brew of frustration caused by unmet socio-economic aspirations, rising unemployment, grinding poverty and failing service provision. This is exacerbated by the chronic failure of the rule of law. Premier Makhura responded to the violence by declaring that ‘we live in a law-governed society and any act of criminality shall be dealt with decisively and swiftly, regardless of nationality’. Sadly,

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this is often not the case, and malfeasant behaviour is often conspicuously unsanctioned – sometimes at very senior level. A disregard for the law is the inevitable outcome. On top of this is the highly divisive style of politics employed by some politicians and endorsed by many commentators. Appeals to racial nationalism act to legitimise hostility towards, and the scapegoating of, ‘others’ – it should come as no surprise when the same debased logic is applied to an ever-widening circle of outsider groups. Dealing with violence such as is now plaguing the country’s commercial capital – prominently on display as the World Economic Forum convenes in Cape Town – demands that constructive and productive economic policies be put in place to offer the country’s people a place in the economy. It requires that governance failures be addressed through, above all, a proper professionalization of the civil service. It makes the proper application of the law and the rule of law non-negotiable. And it calls for leadership to measure its conduct and not inflame passions that will ultimately be ruinous for society as a whole.

South Africans commended for speaking up against violent crime – Institute of Race Relations (IRR)

5 September 2019

The IRR commends the thousands of women and men who gathered outside Parliament today to speak up for their fundamental freedoms – their freedom to live as they wish to without fear or risk of abuse, assault, rape or murder.

Today’s courageous stand in Cape Town – which the IRR attended – underlines the unignorable erosion of South Africans’ rights and freedoms through a combination of violent criminality, inadequate policing and a weak State.

It is shocking that nearly 500 000 South Africans have been murdered since 1994, and 1 000 000 women have been raped and assaulted since 1994. There are 500 reports a day of women being assaulted, raped or murdered.

Violent crime declined for a decade from 1994, but the trend has reversed in recent years, coinciding with the increasing ineffectiveness of the State’s protection of its citizens, and their declining trust in the police.

All South Africans are victims of crime, but women are right in bringing national attention to categories of society who are especially vulnerable.

While it is true that more men are murdered than women, women are especially vulnerable to violent crime, not least from intimate partners or family members. The IRR agrees that, as in the case of South Africa’s farmers or, for example, foreign nationals living in the country, criminality against particularly vulnerable groups demands a particular and concerted response.

The IRR applauds the willingness of today’s protesters and the public in general to speak out and to hold the government to account. The IRR urges South Africans to go beyond public demonstrations of their frustration and anger and to endorse practical solutions in addressing the threats against their lives and well-being.

The IRR recommends

• Increasing staffing and resources for Family Violence, Child Protection and Sexual Offences Units, including expert prosecutors;

• Improving the process of applying for and enforcing protection orders; • Expediting the process of applying for and being granted firearm licenses for self-defence

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• Establishing an inquiry and public hearings into criminality within the police; • Making all police and prosecutorial appointments on merit alone; • Increasing the powers of Community Police Forums; • Granting communities the power to elect station commanders; and • Employing private sector expertise in policing.

It is only through exerting concerted pressure on the country’s political leadership that the kinds of reform and strategies needed to ensure South Africans’ protection from violent crime will be achievable.

Number of police reservists down 86% since 2010 – Andrew Whitfield Andrew Whitfield | 09 September 2019 DA MP says number has declined to a shocking 8 908 from 63 592 nine years ago

Number of police reservists declined by 86% since 2010 9 September 2019 The Democratic Alliance (DA) can reveal that the number of police reservists has dropped by 86% since 2010. In response to a DA parliamentary question, the Police Commissioner revealed that the number of police reservists have declined to a shocking 8 908 from 63 592 nine years ago. In a country currently battling with unprecedented levels of Gender Based Violence and violent civil unrest - it is unconscionable that the Government has overseen such a dramatic decline in the number of police reservists. These reservists do not only play an essential role in aiding the police but also make it possible for more officers to be available for greater visible policing which is desperately needed on South Africa’s streets. SAPS is 64 000 police officers short of meeting the United Nations police to citizen ratio of 1:220. In South Africa the ratio is 1:380. The lack of visible policing has had a significant impact on safety and security and in preventing violent crimes. Reservists play a critically important role in ensuring that we have more boots on the ground by supplementing the ranks of ordinary officers. The DA calls on Minister Bheki Cele to urgently allocate more resources to the police reservist programme to ensure more boots on the ground to keep our communities safe. We also call on the Minister to relook the stringent requirements to become a reservist. It currently takes 30 months to train a reservist. This is in stark comparison to the SAPS Basic Police Development Learning Programme (BPDLP) where new recruits are required to undergo 24 months of training. Surely, we should make it easier for dedicated South Africans to become reservists. Reservists are often retired SAPS members and want to make a difference in the country. Our country is under siege. Yet, South Africans who want to make a difference in SAPS are being denied the opportunity to do so. The DA will continue to fight for the restoration of law and order, through the hiring of people with a passion for policing and protecting their fellow South Africans. Issued by Andrew Whitfield, DA Shadow Minister of Police, 9 September 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/number-of-police-reservists-declined-by-86-since-2?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=cb24c29b84-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_09_05_46&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-cb24c29b84-130042309

SA’s crime crisis is akin to a low-intensity civil war: IRR

Crime statistics released today show that South Africa is continuing to lose the battle against rising criminality.

The number of murders has increased to over 21 000, a level last seen in the early 2000s. On a per capita basis, this rivals numbers seen in places such as war-torn Syria. It is no exaggeration to

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say that, on the basis of the number of people killed each year, South Africa is facing a crisis that is akin to a low-intensity civil war.

Sexual offences, which showed a decline over the past decade, are also increasing. According to police statistics, for every person murdered in South Africa, two are raped, with over 40 000 rapes being reported annually. The real number is quite possibly substantially higher, as we know that many rapes go unreported.

These figures mean that, since the end of apartheid, about 500 000 South Africans have been murdered and about one million people have been raped. It is clear that South Africa is losing the war on crime, and that the old ways of doing things are not working.

It is time for the South African Police Service to change the way it fights crime.

The Institute of Race Relations (IRR) recommends the following interventions to turn the tide against crime:

• Increasing staffing and resources for Family Violence, Child Protection and Sexual Offences Units, including expert prosecutors;

• Improving the process of applying for and enforcing protection orders; • Expediting the process of applying for and being granted firearm licences for self-defence; • Establishing an inquiry and public hearings into criminality within the police; • Making all police and prosecutorial appointments on merit alone; • Increasing the powers of Community Police Forums; • Granting communities the power to elect station commanders; and • Employing private sector expertise in policing.

Only innovative solutions will help us to gain ground against criminals and reduce the grave threat they pose to every South African family.

We urge the public to endorse our Community Safety Charter here as a means to put pressure on the government to rethink policing and take more effective steps to protect citizens.

Drastic increase in murder – Bheki Cele Bheki Cele| 12 September 2019 Minister says cash-in-transit robberies down significantly, as were bank robberies

Minister Bheki Cele: Release of 2018/19 annual crime statistics 12 September 2019 The official release of the annual crime statistics for financial year 2018/19 by the Minister of Police General Bheki Cele at the Imbizo Centre in Cape Town, Western Cape Deputy Minister of Police, Mr Cassell Mathale; The Chairperson of the Portfolio Committee on Police, Ms Tina Joemat- Peterson and members of the Portfolio Committee; The National Commissioner of the SAPS, General Kehla Sithole; Deputy National Commissioners present; Divisional and Provincial Commissioners; The Secretary of Police, Mr Alvin Rapea; The Acting Executive Director of IPID, Mr Victor Senna; Statistician General of SA Resinga Maluleke Members of the Media; Ladies and gentleman;

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Good Morning, Sanibonani, this year demands a more meaningful emphasis to what informs our fundamental existence as the police leadership towards the delivery of our fundamental mandate of ensuring that the people of South Africa are and feel safe. This morning I address the nation in the subject of the annual release of Crime Statistics as certified by the Statistician General of StatsSA as official statistics. The current administration has received the marching orders from his Excellency, President Cyril Ramaphosa of halving violent crimes in the next decade, as the Police service we aim to achieve this goal in the shortest possible time. Therefore, all our resources and operational strategies have been channelled accordingly towards achieving this target. However, members of the media, in the past year since I joined the Police Ministry, we have thoroughly analysed and debated the crime trends with the management team of the police; with specific emphasis on the number of murders as our common denominator. It is always advisable to give background in order to better contextualise any subject matter. Statistics have proven that the number of murders reported decreased from 18084 to 15 554 during the period 2009 – 2012. Again, members of the media, statistics have proven that the number of murders has drastically increased to over 4123 in the past 6 years. This background is important to contextualise the debate of whether we are increasing, maintaining of decreasing in this trend having to focus specifically on murders. Therefore, we all need to have full appreciation of the task at hand given to this current leadership. The reversal of 6 years is a mammoth task, but it is doable. Fellow South Africans, during my budget vote presentation on 11 July this year I made several pronouncements of how we intend to turn around the police including re-introduction of units that were disbanded and some units under resourced in the past 6 years. Capacitating specialised units, Detectives, HAWKS and Crime Intelligence was also announced. Part of the pronouncement was the establishment of the Ministerial Advisory Council. This is aimed at bringing knowledge and expertise from subject experts in policing, together with former Generals of the police that made a positive impact during their tenure. Consultations in this regard have commenced, last week Friday I had a fruitful meeting with the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) in this regard. I am intending to meet other relevant stakeholders in the sector, Corruption Watch, Social Justice Coalition and the Academic fraternity. The joint intergovernmental approach to the fight against crime will also yield positive results going forward, because fighting crime is everybody’s responsibility. In the past year we have put a lot of resources to curb Cash in transit heists and other Trio crimes and this is yielding positive outcomes in this regard. Another major intervention to address the scourge of murder is our specific focus to the Western Cape which has a high murder rate. We have introduced Operation Thunder and the Anti-Gang Unit respectively; and the SANDF intervention of Operation Lockdown is another government intervention to date. Last year when we released the Crime Statistics of 2017/18 financial year I said ‘we dropped the ball’ and ‘I further said next year we will either reduce, maintain but definitely we will not increase.’ Ladies and gentlemen, I am leading this team this morning to give that account. I am here to say - Yes, the crime statistics are not looking good however they look much better than last year in addressing the 6-year drastic increase in most crime categories. In the previous financial year, the number of murders increased by 1320, that figure was halved in the financial year 2018/19 to 686. This means the rate of increase is slowing down. However, when this is translated to percentage change; the figure reflects an increase of 2.6% in all contact crimes and the 17 Community-Reported Crimes increased by 0.7%. Members of the media, all categories of crime under aggravated robbery decreased. Except for robbery at residential premises, where we registered an increase of 0.8%. While we are not where we want to be, we are definitely not where we were, there are glimmers of improvements. We have recorded decreases in crimes of fear such as cash in transit heists, bank robberies, car and truck hijackings as well as robbery at non-residential premises.

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Intelligence has played a big role in infiltrating would-be robbers of cash vans and foiled their plans in many parts of the country. Police visibility at Malls and other public areas has ensured that we are a step closer to achieving goals set out in the National Development Plan. The National Stability Intervention plan which includes Crime Intelligence, Special task force, National Intervention Unit and Tactical Response Teams for quick mobilization has also gone a long way in tackling trio crimes. We believe that the rebuilding of crime Intelligence, Hawks and better working relationships with State Security Agency, National Prosecution Authority, Department of Justice and the Department of Defence will continue to produce favourable results. Going forward we will spread the focus and resources to areas of concern to ensure that results are improved. The crime statistics to be presented cover 21 crime categories, namely 17 Community reported crimes and four other crime categories detected as a result of police action. The scope of the crimes was reported at all 1154 police stations, including satellite stations and ports of entry nationwide. All crimes were either reported by the victim, witness, third-parties or detected by members of the South African Police Service. The Family Violence, Child Protection and Sexual Offences (FCS) unit continues to be one of the best units within the SAPS with the fundamental responsibility to protect and serve women children and vulnerable groups. The FCS has 185 units to deal with gender-based violence including sexual offences; in the past financial year of 2018/2019, the FCS recorded 658 life sentences out of 504 registered cases. It is through the highly specialised investigative work that 387 suspects were sentenced to 20 years and above. Since the re-establishment, the FCS achieved the following life sentences; 2010/2011- 167, 2011/2012 – 389, 2012/2013 - 826, 2013/2014 - 645, 2014/2015 - 612, 2015/2016 – 298, 2016/2017 - 511, 2017/2018 – 692 and 2018/2019 – 658. It is a total of 4 798 life sentences. Plans to increase the number of FCS units countrywide and to recruit and train more women officers to work within this specialised environment are underway. To further fight the scourge of violence against women, we have heeded President Ramaphosa’s call to reopen the investigation of all cold cases of gender-based crimes in the country. Fellow South Africans, members of the media the 2018/2019 annual crime statistics were declared as official statistics in line with prescripts of the South African Statistical Quality Assessment Framework (SASQAF). This stamp of approval will finally put to rest questions of the authenticity and legitimacy of the Crime Statistics. The Statistician General will read his foreword to the media and thereafter The National Commissioner General Sithole and Major General Sekhukhune will give a presentation which will reflect an overview of the 2018/2019 annual crime statistics in comparison with the same period in the previous financial year being 2017/2018: Crime Category Figures Murder 3.4 % Sexual Offences 4.6% Attempted Murder 4.1% Assault to do grievous bodily harm 2.2% Common Assault 3.7% Common Robbery 2.0% Robbery with aggravating circumstances 1.2 % All Sexual Offences increased by 4.6% Crime Category Figures Rape 3.9% Sexual Assault 9.6% Attempted Sexual Offences 3.9% Contact Sexual Offences 2.7%

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All categories of crime under Aggravated Robbery decreased except for Robbery at Residential Premises which registered an increase Crime Category

Figures

Carjacking -1.8% Robbery at Residential Premises 0.8% Robbery at Non-Residential Premises -0.3% Robbery of Cash-In-Transit -23.1% Bank Robbery -69.2% Truck hijacking -1.7% Contact-Related Crimes increased by 1.6% Crime Categories

Figures

Arson 5.5% Malicious damage to property 1.4% All Property-Related Crimes decreased except with the exception of stock theft which has increased by 2.9%. Burglary at non-residential premises has stabilised. Crime Categories

Figures

Burglary at non-residential premises 0.0% Burglary at residential premises -3.2% Theft of motor vehicle and motor cycle -4.6% Theft out or from motor vehicle -3.2% Stock-theft 2.9% Other Serious Crimes decreased by 1.4% except for Commercial Crimes Crime Category

Figures

All theft not mentioned elsewhere -0.7% Commercial Crime (fraud, scams, corruption etc) 14.4% Shoplifting -3.2% Crime Detected As a Result of Police Action has decreased by 21.8% Crime Categories

Figures

Illegal possession of firearms and ammunition -10.4% Drug-related crime -28.1% Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs -3.8% Sexual Offences detected as a result of police action 19.0% The above is a broad overview of the crime statistics presented. I thank you. Issued by South African Police Service, 12 September 2019

Police are failing to arrest crime – Alan Winde Alan Winde | 12 September 2019 WCape Premier says murder to population ratio in province is 60 per 100 000

Joint statement by Premier Alan Winde and Minister Albert Fritz: Stats prove that police are failing to arrest crime 12 September 2019 Despite last year’s promises from Police Minister Bheki Cele and the service he leads, violent crime in the Western Cape remains effectively unchanged. The long awaited annual national crime statistics were released today, for the period covering April 2018 to March 2019.

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Premier Winde commented: "I’m deeply concerned that murder increased by 6.6% in the Western Cape. Of these, 47% of incidents occurred in just 10 police stations. The murder to population ratio in the Western Cape is 60 per 100 000 - almost double the national average." Minister Fritz said: “Murders reported in the Western Cape account for 18.9% of all murders in the country, while the province only accounts for 11.6% of the population. Eleven Western Cape police stations are recorded among the top 30 in the country. This is unacceptable and points to the need for more boots on the ground and more regular statistics- at least on a quarterly basis, if not more regularly. SAPS needs to adopt evidence-based policing, which would lead to deployment at key times in key hotspot locations. We need our police to be in these hotspots before crimes are committed, not after.” Premier Winde said: "Last week we saw thousands of people standing up against gender-based violence and crime. We've seen communities impacted by gang violence saying "enough". But when asked about whether heads would roll, Minister Bheki Cele said he didn't believe they should, implying he finds this situation acceptable. President Cyril Ramaphosa and Minister Cele should not find the crime situation in this province acceptable at all. "As a Province, we cannot wait for SAPS to get its house in order. This government has been working on a safety plan which will focus on both enforcement and protection. We will announce this plan soon. In the meantime, we continue our call for policing to become a provincial mandate as these statistics have shown that the nationally managed SAPS have lost the war on crime." Minister Fritz said: “My department will conduct an in-depth analysis of these crime stats, in order to shed more light on specific trends, crime categories and a suite of proposed responses. "SAPS management have a lot to answer for, and it is my hope that they will be held accountable for their failure to ensure that the people of this country are safe and are able to access the rights that are enshrined in the Constitution of this country." Issued by Bianca Capazorio, Spokersperson for Premier Alan Winde, 12 September 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/police-are-failing-to-arrest-crime--alan-winde?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=283a680bd3-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_12_11_38&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-283a680bd3-130042309

SA an unsafe country to live in – Pieter Groenewald Pieter Groenewald | 12 September 2019 FF Plus leader says our murder rate more than five times the world average

South Africa is becoming more and more violent and is an unsafe country to live in 12 September 2019 The police service's crime statistics for the 2018-19 financial year serve as proof that South Africa is becoming more and more violent and increasingly unsafe for its citizens. For the first time ever, all seven categories of contact offences committed against a person showed an increase. Murder increased for the seventh consecutive year, this time with 3,4%. A shocking total of 21 022 people were murdered. That is more than five times the world average. The world average for murder is seven per 100 000 of the population. In South Africa, it is more than 36 per 100 000. With regard to sexual offences, all four categories showed an increase. Rape escalated with 3,9% to 41 583 cases. Sexual assault saw the greatest increase as it rose with 9,6%. In general, sexual offences increased with 4,6% to a total of 52 420 cases. Robberies at residential premises, the offence most feared by South Africans, increased with 0,8% to 22 431 incidents. The FF Plus doubts the accuracy of the farm murder figures conveyed in the statistics and is of the opinion that it is not correct. The statistics show that 47 murders were committed in 41 incidents. However, the agricultural unions' statistics show a much higher murder rate. The government must shoulder its responsibility and take drastic steps to turn the South African criminal justice system around to ensure that criminals are punished for their crimes.

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Criminals are no longer scared of the police or to commit offences in South Africa. The country's citizens are justified in saying that they feel unsafe. In terms of the constitutional requirements, the government has a duty to protect the people of this country. Issued by Pieter Groenewald, FF Plus leader, 12 September 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/sa-an-unsafe-country-to-live-in--pieter-groenewald?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=283a680bd3-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_12_11_38&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-283a680bd3-130042309

Crime is out of control in SA – AfriForum Carina Bester | 12 September 2019 President and Minister Cele seem generally shocked and surprised by what everyone already knows

Police confirms what everyone already knows: Crime is out of control in South Africa 12 September 2019 The civil rights organisation AfriForum took note of South Africa’s crime statistics for the 2018/2019 financial year – which were released earlier today by the South African Police Service (SAPS) – with grave concern. The rise in violent crime and especially murder should come as no surprise after the army’s deployment in the Western Cape to assist the SAPS, as well as the SAPS’s shocking retreat from angry rioters in the Johannesburg CBD just over a month ago. The exceptions are perhaps Police Minister Bheki Cele and President Cyril Ramaphosa, who are generally shocked and surprised by facts long known to other South Africans. “As if this isn’t bad enough, the media is riddled with negative articles on the poor state of the SAPS. They lost over 9,5 million rounds of ammunition and 4 357 firearms over the past six financial years. They were also instructed by National Treasury to reduce their budget by 5% (R5 billion), 6% (R6,5 billion) and 7% (R7,8 billion) in the next three financial years. Moreover, they had five different national commissioners over the past 10 years. Khehla Sithole, the current National Commissioner, even admitted to Parliament that the SAPS’s mandate is overstretched and impossible to fulfil,” says Marnus Kamfer, Legal and Risk Manager at AfriForum. Ordinary police officers are daily victims of a failing government and police service leadership. A lack of ammunition to complete their firearms competency and a lack of rape-kits at police stations were only the most recent examples of how their important work is being sabotaged by an uncaring, incompetent department and top management. Subsequently, it should come as no surprise that the number of police reservists – people who sacrifice their personal time to aid the police – has declined since 2010 from 63 592 to 8 908 today. “With this in mind, communities truly have no other option left but to organise themselves in neighbourhood watches to protect themselves. AfriForum’s 142 neighbourhood watches are great examples of how communities can organise themselves and work together with other role-players, including the SAPS at station level, to ensure a safer environment and a decrease in crime,” Kamfer says. Issued by Carina Bester, Media Relations Officer, AfriForum, 12 September 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/crime-is-out-of-control-in-sa--

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'Mob eviction' in Alexandra leaves family terrified after husband 'hit with axe' An Alexandra resident, Melissa Mzizi, says the police are doing little to help her get her family's

RDP house back after a group of 40 people allegedly attacked her husband and occupied their

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home. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/mob-eviction-in-alexandra-leaves-family-

terrified-after-husband-hit-with-axe-20190923

Comment: Yes, the wise old Police Sergeant is no longer the pillar of society he was in olden

days. How many complaints and disputes were not resolved by the “Old Sergeant’s” patience,

wisdom and common sense!? He listened patiently to both sides and usually made a ruling that

was acceptable to all. Many people used the Sergeant for “cheap and instant justice” – it was a

system that worked and is sadly no longer in operation. These old Sergeants knew the law and

their Gardiner and Lansdowne.

Completed in 2014, this police station has never been used

GroundUp | 22 September 2019 Paint is now peeling off, some windows are broken, and weeds growing on pavement

Completed in 2014, this police station has never been used

20 September 2019

A new police station in Moeka Village north of Pretoria is standing empty while the community struggles with crime. When the construction of Moeka-Vuma police station in the North West’s Moretele District Municipality started in 2013, the community hoped that the crime rate in the area would decline. But the police station, which was completed in 2014, has never been used. The paint on the walls is peeling off. Some of the windows are broken and weeds are growing on the pavement. The village’s Community Policing Forum (CPF) chairperson Abel Kubai (69) says the most common crimes in the village are house break-ins, robberies and assaults. “I work very closely with the police, and I can tell you that we wouldn’t be having this challenge of crime in our community if Moeka-Vuma police station was working,” Kubai said. “Early this year my family and I were robbed at gunpoint at home by thugs who made away with around R2,000 and four cellphones,” he said. Kubai said he was concerned that residents had resorted to taking the law into their own hands. “People are starting to lose faith in the police. Recently five alleged criminals were locked inside a car they were travelling in and then set alight. Four of them died, while we are told the other one is recovering in hospital”. “Like everybody in this community I am troubled by the high level of crime, but I am totally against mob justice. I believe they could have been saved if the police responded on time” he said. Moeka Village and the neighbouring villages of Ratsiepane and Ga-Motla, in North West, are served by Temba police station, 30 kilometres away in Hammanskraal, which is in Gauteng.

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Kubai said residents took a long time to get to the police station to report crime and the distance also contributed to the slow response by police. Another resident who has first-hand experience of crime in the village is Abel Molaba, who has a gunshot scar on the heel from a wound sustained during a robbery at his home in March. Glancing at the bullet hole in the front door of his house, Molaba said he was still haunted by the memory of the night the robbers broke in. “They demanded money and ransacked the house before fleeing with our cellphones and money. Five bullets were shot. Luckily only one hit me. They also hit me with a blunt object on the head. I don’t know how I survived,” Molaba said. With help from neighbours he called the police but when they took too long to arrive he went to Temba police station where he was told to sign a form and then go to hospital. “They said they would come to hospital but they never came. The incident took place in March this year and I am still waiting for an update on the case to this day,” he said. Molaba, who runs a fruit and vegetable shop not far away from his home, lives with his wife, daughter and elderly mother, who were also there during the robbery. “The incident took place in front of my family and you can imagine how traumatising that experience was for everybody in the house. My daughter was crying, thinking I was dead” he said. Molaba also believes the level of crime in the village would be lower if the police station was operational. The village’s Local Councilor John Mahomane said he met police officers from Temba police station last month. “But so far it’s not clear when the station will start working,” said Mahomane. During his department’s budget vote speech for the 2019-20 financial year in July, North West MEC for Community Safety and Transport Sello Lehare cited poor workmanship by the contractor as the reason why Moeka–Vuma police station was not working. Lehare noted that Dwarsberg and Mabeskraal police stations in the Bojanala District Municipality were also not being used. He said Moeka-Vuma would be provided with a mobile police station. But no mobile police station has been provided yet. According to Moeka resident and former Moretele Municipality councillor Peter Makhudu, the reason why the police station is not working after so many years is that something went wrong with the construction of the project. “The usual response you get when you enquire about Moeka-Vuma police station at Moretele Municipality is that the enquiry is noted and that it will be referred to the relevant people”. Attempts to get comment from the North West Department of Community Safety and Transport were unsuccessful. Spokesperson Freddy Sepeng agreed to an interview last Friday and asked us to call back, but has not answered calls since then. SAPS national spokesperson Brigadier Vish Naidoo referred us to North West SAPS spokesperson Brigadier Sabata Mokgwabone, who asked for questions to be emailed. We sent Mokgwabone the following questions on 16 September: Our understanding is that the construction of Moeka-Vuma police station was halted due to poor workmanship by the contractor. How true is this? Can you please explain, what exactly is the problem with the building, as it looks fine and ready for use from outside? What is the name of the construction company that was awarded the contract to build the station, and when did the project start and stop (year and month)? How much was budgeted for the project, and how much had already been spent when the project stopped? Are you able to tell how much is it going to cost to rectify the situation with the building? If the project was stopped due to poor quality of construction, what steps if any, is SAPS taking to rectify this? Are steps being taken to recoup the money that SAPS has spent on the project from the constructor? If yes, please elaborate. If steps are being taken, what has been the constructor’s response? Does the contractor admit to shoddy work?

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How is the situation with the police station affecting your crime fighting efforts in Moeka Village and surrounding areas? According to residents the level of crime in the area is very high. Are you aware of this? If yes what’s being done to deal with the situation? We gather that due to the high level of crime in the area recently residents have tended to take the law into their own hands, with the latest incident involving four alleged criminals who were allegedly set alight. Are you aware of this incident and what’s your message to the community? We understand that there are two other stations in North West — Dwarsberg and Mabeskraal police stations in the Bojanala District Municipality — that are also not being utilised. What is the situation with them? How widespread is the problem of SAPS building defects due to poor workmanship in the province? Mokgwabone responded the same day: “Kindly be informed that your enquiry has been referred to Head Office - Brigadier Vish Naidoo for further handling.” We have not yet received a response from Naidoo. GroundUp https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/completed-in-2014-this-police-station-has-never-

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ConCourt orders Minister of Police to pay R300,000 for wrongful arrest GroundUp | 25 September 2019 Judges reaffirm right of accused to be brought to court within 48 hours

Concourt orders Minister of Police to pay R300,000 for wrongful arrest 25 September 2019 The Constitutional Court, in August, ordered the Minister of Police to pay R300,000 plus interest for the wrongful arrest in 2012 of Bryan de Klerk after a charge of assault was lodged against him by an employee, Rael Lasarow. This judgment provides police and magistrates with greater clarity over the limits of their constitutional powers when arresting and detaining individuals. It also gives members of the public legal clout when they feel they have been wrongfully arrested and detained. The court reaffirmed the right of an accused person to be brought before a court of law within 48 hours of arrest. The judges said this had been written into the Constitution because of South Africa’s history of arbitrary and long detentions without trial. The facts of the case are as follows: Lasarow said he had been injured after being pushed by de Klerk into a glass picture frame on or around 11 December 2012. De Klerk reported to the Sandton Police Station on 20 December 2012 after receiving a voice message to report to the police. He was arrested without a warrant by Detective Constable Ndala on a charge of intending to do grievous bodily harm, transported to Randburg Magistrates’ Court and placed in a holding cell. He was denied an opportunity to apply for bail at his first court appearance, and remained incarcerated throughout the Christmas period, only being released on 28 December 2012, after Lasarow withdrew his complaint. This was despite Ndala recommending de Klerk be released on bail at the first court appearance. De Klerk’s legal counsel argued that the magistrate had acted unlawfully in detaining him and then denying him bail, thereby aggravating the harm caused by the arrest without a warrant. De Klerk then sued the Minister of Police in the Pretoria High Court for damages arising from his arrest and detention. Conflicting judgments The High Court found that the arresting officer had believed de Klerk had committed an offence and had exercised her discretion to arrest him. The High Court dismissed de Klerk’s claim that his arrest and detention were unlawful.

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De Klerk then took the matter to the Supreme Court of Appeal. All five judges hearing the case agreed that his arrest was unlawful and that he was entitled to damages, but a majority of judges ruled that the Minister of Police could not be held liable for de Klerk’s unlawful detention after his first court appearance. They reasoned that the responsibility shifted to the presiding officer once de Klerk appeared in court, causing a break in the chain of legal causation. The Supreme Court ruled that the minister was liable for damages between the arrest and the appearance in court – a period of roughly two hours, for which de Klerk was awarded R30,000. Constitutional Court The matter was then referred to the Constitutional Court, which was faced with conflicting decisions from lower courts in the treatment of unlawful arrest and subsequent damages claims. In an article on the case, attorneys Gildenhuys Malatji Incorporated (GMI), who represented de Klerk, say the question before the Constitutional Court was whether de Klerk could sue only the police (and not the National Director of Public Prosecutions) for his unlawful detention after his first appearance in court. According to a commentary on the case by GMI, the status quo before this judgment was that once a person appeared in court, their claim against the Minister of Police came to an end and any claim arising from detention post court appearance had to be brought against the National Director of Public Prosecutions. “What we sought to achieve by the appeal to the Constitutional Court was to extend the liability of the Minister of Police in instances such as the present to include the period of detention after a court appearance in the event that the SA Police Services (SAPS) proceeded to take a person into custody full well knowing that that person would not be granted bail at their first court appearance.” There was no question that the arrest was unlawful, said the Constitutional Court. What was less clear was whether the harm suffered by de Klerk’s detention at the order of the magistrate, from his first court appearance until his release on 28 December 2012, could be attributed to the unlawful arrest by the police. Justice Leona Theron, in the majority judgment, found that the crucial fact in the matter was that Ndala subjectively foresaw the harm arising from the remand of de Klerk after his first court appearance. “She knew that [de Klerk’s] further detention after his court appearance would be the consequence of her unlawful arrest of him. She [Ndala] reconciled herself with this knowledge in proceeding to arrest him,” Theron said. In a separate dissenting judgment, Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng found that considerations of public policy and justice rendered it unreasonable to attribute liability to the police for a court’s failure to fulfil its own Constitutional obligations. GroundUp https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/concourt-orders-minister-of-police-to-pay-

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Sononder: Ariamsvlei

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Mainly of interest to former members of the Security Branch

Inquests into apartheid era-killings: Where have all the perpetrators gone?

Muslim Views August – September 2019 Cassiem Khan

http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/inquests-into-apartheid-era-killings-where-have-all-the-perpetrators-

gone

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• Enlargement

Suliman “Babla” Saloojee: 55th Anniversary

September 05, 2019 9th September 2019 marks the 55th anniversary of the death in police detention of Suliman “Babla” Saloojee (aged 33). He was a legal clerk and a member of the renowned Transvaal Indian Congress and the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress. He was also a prominent member of the Picasso Club, along with Ahmed Kathrada, Mosie Moolla, Abdullay Jassat and Farid Adam. Saloojee died on September 9, 1964 after falling from a seventh-floor window in Gray’s Building, the then headquarters of the police’s Special Branch. Although the police version was that he had committed suicide, and an inquest into his death found that the cause of his death was unknown, his family and friends believe he was brutally tortured by the infamous security policeman “Rooi Rus” Swanepoel, before being thrown to his death. Saloojee was the fourth anti-apartheid activist to die in custody and many more were to follow. He was in 2016 posthumously awarded the Order of Luthuli in Bronze for his excellent contribution to the fight against apartheid. He paid the ultimate price for dedicating his life to fighting political injustice in South Africa. The Ahmed Kathrada Foundation will be commemorating the anniversary on Sunday, 8 September 2019 at the Bill Jardine Hall, Commando Road, Industria, Johannesburg. A visit to the grave site of Saloojee will take place after the commemorative event. To RSVP, please contact Nonkosi Maliti by emailing eventsakf@gmail.com or call 011 854 0082. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/suliman-babla-saloojee-55th-anniversary

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A Pledge to Sulaiman ‘Babla’ Salojee: I will uncover the truth about this apartheid-era killing - By Imtiaz Cajee

This is an edited version of a speech delivered by Imtiaz Cajee, the nephew of Ahmed Timol, to commemorate the 55th anniversary of the death of Sulaiman ‘Babla’ Saloojee, an anti-apartheid activist who was killed in police detention. DAILY MAVERICK I was not born when Uncle Babla Salojee was killed in police detention in 1964. He was the fourth to have died in police detention. Looksmart was the first, in 1963. By 1990, approximately 73 detainees had died I was five years old when Uncle Ahmed Timol was murdered in police detention in October 1971. I am in no position to talk about either of them. There are comrades who are better suited for this. I speak to you today as the nephew of Uncle Ahmed. I am honoured and humbled that Aunty Rookaya has asked me to speak on her behalf. Uncle Babla was detained two days after their engagement. They were married for two years when he was detained the last time on 6 July 1964 for approximately two months. I console myself that Uncle Ahmed was detained for four days and 18 hours only. His body lying on the slab in the Hillbrow mortuary with ante-mortem wounds inflicted on his wounds remains entrenched in my mind. As is my grandmother, Uncle Ahmed’s mother, narrating to me how not knowing where and what was happening to Uncle Ahmed, impacted on her. I can only imagine what Uncle Babla went through at the hands of the Security Police for over two months in detention. What was Aunty Rookaya going through in this period looking for Uncle Babla? Police claimed that on 9 September 1964 he fell to his death from a 7th floor office of Security Police headquarters, The Grays building in central Johannesburg. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/a-pledge-to-sulaiman-babla-salojee-i-will-uncover-the-truth-about-this-apartheid-era-killing-by-imtiaz-cajee

Imam Haron grave site, mosque given heritage status NEWS / 10 September 2019, 10:50AM / Nicola Daniels

Heritage Western Cape (HWC) said this was decided at a special meeting yesterday. This after an eight-month process, initiated by the Imam Haron Foundation, calling for the declaration. The Imam was buried at the front of the Mowbray Muslim Cemetery at 10 Browning Road on September 29, 1969, and Al-Jamia Masjid in Stegman Road, Claremont, was his base of operations for 15 years. Imam Haron Foundation co-ordinator Cassiem Khan said the foundation believed that this was a great stepping stone for its future work on memory. “Present at the declaration was Muhammed Badr Hassen Parker. He was 16 years old at the time and upon request of his late father he arranged for Imam Haron to be buried in this easily accessible prime space demarcated for their family. The security police were in the graveyard having dug a grave for Imam Haron in an obscure place. ‘‘It’s an honour for the family and the people of Cape Town that through this declaration the grave site will officially be in the records of the City as a heritage site,” Khan said. “This mosque was the base of operations for Imam Haron for 15 years. It was here where he showed what it meant to transcend political, religious and racial barriers. “The mosque is more than 100 years old, but the 15 years with Imam Haron at the helm was its golden era. We hope that the mosque and the grave site will next be considered for national heritage status and placed on the liberation route,” Khan said. HWC chief executive Dr Mxolisi Dlamuka said the declaration of the grave site and the Al-Jamia Mosque meant that these sites were now part of the “National Estate of South Africa”. “As part of commemorating the 50th anniversary of his assassination, HWC has taken a decision to protect his grave and the Al-Jamia Mosque as provincial heritage sites.

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“They are now recognised as important historical and heritage landmarks. These sites add to the contribution of the Western Cape to the resistance and liberation history of South Africa,” Dlamuka said. “Imam Abdullah Haron is remembered for having been involved in the liberation Struggle in order to bring about change and social justice in South Africa.” Khan said the foundation had also identified other sites for declaration, including the Maitland police station, City and Suburban Rugby Stadium, Imam Haron’s last home in Repulse Road and his home in Claremont, from which the Group Areas Act evicted his family. https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/news/imam-haron-grave-site-mosque-given-heritage-status-32704362

Rodrigues appeal no longer about Timol, but transitional Justice in South Africa

16 September 2019 The application for leave to appeal to be heard in the matter of State vs Joao Rodrigues on Wednesday, 18 September 2019, no longer relates only to the murder of anti-apartheid activist Ahmed Timol, but raises questions of accountability for crimes perpetrated during the apartheid period in South Africa. Rodrigues was investigated for his role in the murder of Timol on 27 October 1971 as per the historic ruling made by Judge Billy Mothle on the 12th October 2017 in the re-opening of the Ahmed Timol Inquest. The 2017 inquest reversed the 1972 finding that Timol had committed suicide. It found that Timol was murdered in police detention. The dawn of democratic South Africa with the historical elections in 1994, led to the establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in terms of the Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act, No.34 of 1995. This was a result of negotiations between major political role players in the country. A key feature of the Act was that amnesty had to be applied for voluntarily and applications had to make full disclosure of the acts or crimes they had been involved in. If they were refused amnesty or failed to apply for amnesty, the law would follow course. In 1998, an amendment to the Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act No. 34 of 1995 (the Act) gave the President the power to reconvene the Commission to consider the Committee’s report and determine a date for the dissolution of the Commission. On 16 November 2001, President Thabo Mbeki determined 31 March 2002 as the date for such dissolution. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/rodrigues-appeal-no-longer-about-timol-but-transitional-justice-in-south-africa

amaBhungane: Court declares mass interception by State 'unlawful and invalid'

News24 | 16 September 2019 The legal battle against RICA started in April 2017

Victory for amaBhungane as court declares mass interception by State 'unlawful and invalid' 16 September 2019 Investigative journalism centre amaBhungane walked out of court victorious on Monday after successfully challenging parts of South Africa's surveillance law, the Regulation of Interception of Communications and Provision of Communication-Related Information Act (RICA). The Gauteng High Court in Johannesburg declared mass surveillance and the interception of foreign signals by the National Communications Centre "unlawful and invalid". The legal battle against RICA started in April 2017 after amaBhungane received confirmation that its managing partner, Sam Sol, had been under surveillance under RICA. At the time, Sole was investigating a National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) decision to drop corruption charges against former president Jacob Zuma. amaBhungane demanded to know the basis for the surveillance and although it never received detailed reasons, it received State Security Agency confirmation that there was an order from a judge allowing the interception. 'Bulk interceptions'

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The investigative journalism unit's first challenge targeted the constitutionality of several provisions of RICA, which permits the interception of communications of any person by authorised state officials, subject to prescribed conditions. The second challenge related to "bulk interceptions" of telecommunication traffic by the State on the basis that no lawful authority exists to do so. Judge Roland Sutherland said part of the dynamic of investigative journalism was for investigative journalists to obtain information from whistleblowers and others who inform on their bosses without wanting to be identified. Therefore, a need to keep sources private and secretive is "axiomatic to the exercise". Among the five orders granted, was an order that sections 16(7), 17(6),18(3)(a), 19(6), 20(6) and 22(7) of RICA were inconsistent with the Constitution and invalid to the extent it failed to prescribe procedures for notifying the subject of the interception. "RICA, including sections 16 (7) thereof, is inconsistent with the Constitution and accordingly invalid to the extent that it fails to adequately provide for a system with appropriate safeguards to deal with the fact that the orders in question are granted ex parte (without notice) and the declaration of invalidity is suspended for two years to allow Parliament to cure defect." He suspended the declaration of invalidity for two years to give Parliament time to amend the act. Speaking outside the court, Sole said he was happy with the judgment because amaBhungane had approached the courts so that journalists, specifically investigative journalists, would be able to give people a form of guarantee or assurance that their identities will not be disclosed. "That's key to us being able to get people to talk to us. And if there is a general perception that the State can just call up Sam's phone records and see exactly who he is talking to without any problem, [it] has a chilling effect on our ability to get information," Sole said. There was no costs order. News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/amabhungane-court-declares-mass-interception-by-st?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=c87622ad0d-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_16_08_36&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-c87622ad0d-130042309

Kommentaar deur lt.genl. A van H Beukes (Oudlid-V-tak)

Ondanks pogings deur state om d.m.v. effektiewe wetgewing ‘n etiese en regverdige invloed in die samelewing te verseker sal daar altyd wedywering tussen state, hul inligtingsagentskappe asook tussen multi-nasionale maatskappye wees om “inligting” betyds te bekom, ondanks beperkings op die insameling van inligting. Wetgewing per se is van nature reaktief en oortredings van bepalings van die grondwet (bv. inbreukmaking op persoonlike vryheid) word altyd eers na afloop van ‘n vergryp deur ‘n inligtingsdiens dan deur hoër gesag geëvalueer en na die beste van hul vermoë bereg. Die belange van die staat word soms hoër geag as die van die landsburger. Die belange van die staat word deur amptenare hanteer en dan aan die regterlike gesag voorgelê vir finale evaluering en goedkeuring. Die hele proses word baie noukeurig gemoniteer. Hier speel die inspekteur van inligting ‘n groot rol. Geen stelsel is waterdig nie, daar is altyd ‘n swak punt in enige wet wat deur ervare regslui uitgebuit en selfs misbruik kan word. Met die VSA, NAVO, Europese Unie aan die eenkant en BRICS (Brasilië, Rusland, Indië, China en Suid-Afrika) aan die anderkant kan verwag word dat die insameling van relevante inligting “sonder enige reëls” aan die orde van die dag sal wees. Selfs staatshoofde se privaat gesprekke word outomaties onder die loep geneem. As junior vennoot in BRICS sal die RSA na verwagting ook betyds taktiese en strategiese teikens vir waarneming identifiseer, ongeag die in-geboude risiko wat nou in die amaBungane hofuitspraak ter sprake is.

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Apartheid spy teaching history at Westerford High

News / 9 September 2019, 07:48AM / Lisa Isaacs Kaapstad: Vrae word gevra oor die indiensneming van ‘n voormalige, sogenaamde, apartheidspioen by ‘n opvoedkundige inrigting te Rondebosch, Kaapstad. Daar word verwys na: Unfinished Business: South Africa, Apartheid, and Truth deur Terry Bell en Dumisa Ntsebeza waarin vermeld word dat Olivia Forsyth een van ‘n groep van drie agente was wat aan dieselfde universiteit studeer het. Vir meer inligting klik op: https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/news/apartheid-spy-teaching-history-at-westerford-high-32610281?utm_campaign=magnet&utm_source=personalised_newsletters&utm_medium=email&mag_usr=1963082879

Rodrigues Loses Appeal Bid in Stay of Prosecution Application September 18, 2019 2019-09-18 12:53 – Canny Maphanga

Former apartheid cop Joao Rodrigues has lost an application he lodged in a bid to have his prosecution for the murder of anti-apartheid activist Ahmed Timol stayed.10 This comes after the Gauteng High Court in Johannesburg dismissed the leave to appeal application on Wednesday. When the application was argued earlier on Wednesday, the court heard that there were no “reasonable prospects of success” in an appeal. “The respondents are not entirely sure of the case they are required to meet since potentially the applicant is seeking to canvas every finding of fact and every ruling of law made by this honourable court,” advocate Howard Verney argued on behalf of the fourth respondent, Imtiaz Cajee. Cajee is Timol’s nephew. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/roderigues-loses-appeal-bid-in-stay-of-prosecution-application

RICA ruling welcomed – R2K, PI, LRC Busi Mtabane | 17 September 2019 Organisations elated that parts of SA's surveillance law unconstitutional and invalid

The Right2Know Campaign, Privacy International and the Legal Resources Centre welcome the Gauteng High Court ruling that parts of South Africa’s surveillance law, RICA, are unconstitutional and invalid. 16 September 2019 The case was brought by amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism after confirming that security officials had spied on the communications of one of its journalists (see 2017 statement here). R2K and Privacy International represented by the Legal Resources Centre joined the amaBhungane's RICA challenge as amici curiae (friends of the court). There is a growing body of evidence of surveillance abuses in South Africa. In July 2018, R2K published a report on surveillance of journalists in South Africa. An inquiry into the State Security Agency launched by President Cyril Ramaphosa found widespread corruption and criminality in the SSA, and evidence that civil society organisations had been spied on (see the panel’s report here). We are elated by today’s judgment found RICA to be inconsistent with the Constitution, with the effect of: 1. Ending secret spying abuses, by ensuring that people whose communications are secretly intercepted by the state are informed within three months unless law-enforcement agencies convince a judge to grant a postponement.

10 Die saak sal na verwagting in 2020 voor die hof dien - HBH

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2. Ensuring extra safeguards when the state applies for authorisation to intercept communications of journalists or lawyers. 3. Ordering the state to stop mass surveillance activities, which it has been conducting through the shadowy ‘National Communications Centre’ in Gauteng — without any legal regulation. 4. Ordering Parliament to drastically amend RICA within 2 years, to improve the independence and oversight of the ‘RICA judge’ who oversees surveillance requests, and to provide clear procedures for how state officials handle data that they have intercepted. This is a major victory in the struggle against surveillance abuses in South Africa. But it is also just a step forward. The South African parliament has two years to adopt a new legislation. To meaningfully protect ordinary people against the climate of surveillance, much more is needed: - The Inspector-General of Intelligence must finalise the many investigations of illegal surveillance lodged by members of the public and civil society. No more delays! - The state must end the delays in giving full legal protection to ordinary citizens’ privacy: The Protection of Personal Information Act (POPI) must be brought into force. The privacy watchdog, the Information Regulator, must show that it can act to protect against abuse of people’s personal information. - All individuals that were illegally surveilled should be appropriately remedied! The struggle against surveillance is crucial to the broader struggle for equality, dignity, and democracy. Let the people of South Africa say it together: Stop the spying! Issued by Busi Mtabane, Right2Know Communicator, 16 September 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/rica-ruling-welcomed--organisations?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=c4454294ba-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_17_10_08&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-c4454294ba-130042309

Rodrigues Back in Court – Timol Murder September 24, 2019 The murder accused of anti-apartheid activist Ahmed Timol, Joao “Jan” Antonio Rodrigues, returns to the South Gauteng High Court on Wednesday, 25th September 2019. (See timeline below). Rodrigues’s legal counsel were unsuccessful in obtaining leave to appeal the judgment of a full bench of the South Gauteng High Court on 18th September 2019, which dismissed their application for a permanent stay of prosecution. A PAIA Application submitted in May 2019 seeking to ascertain the total legal costs incurred by the State for Rodrigues’s legal fees have to date not been responded to by the Department of Justice. Judge Monama will preside over court proceedings on Wednesday at the South Gauteng High Court, Room 2A at 10:00 and is expected to map the way forward in the criminal case against Rodrigues who is on R2000 – 00 bail since he was charged on 30th July 2018. Members of the public are welcome to attend. Ends…. ssued by Imtiaz Ahmed Cajee – Nephew of Ahmed Timol http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/rodrigues-back-in-court-timol-murder

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Northern Ireland: Equality before the law?

Fresh police probe is launched into the murders of three Northern Ireland policemen killed in a landmine blast during the Troubles in 1982

• Blas was at Kinnego embankment, County Armagh, on October 27 1982

• Royal Ulster Constabulary Sergeant Sean Quinn and PCs Allan McCloy and Paul Hamilton died

• Inquiry will be led by former Bedfordshire chief constable Jon Boutcher By Harry Howard for Mailonline Published: 13:28 BST, 5 September 2019 | Updated: 08:15 BST, 6 September 2019 The murders of three Northern Ireland policemen in an IRA bomb attack are to be reinvestigated by a team of independent detectives. Former Bedfordshire chief constable Jon Boutcher is to lead the inquiry into the landmine blast that claimed the lives of Royal Ulster Constabulary Sergeant Sean Quinn and constables Allan McCloy and Paul Hamilton at Kinnego embankment in County Armagh on October 27 1982. The investigation was ordered by Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) chief constable Simon Byrne.

The murders of three Northern Ireland policemen in an IRA bomb attack, at Kinnego embankment in County Armagh on October 27 1982, are to be reinvestigated by a team of independent detectives The Kinnego bomb blast was a key incident in a sequence of events that led the security forces in Northern Ireland to be accused of operating a 'shoot-to-kill' policy in the early 1980s. The 'shoot-to-kill' cases involved six people, including IRA men and a Catholic teenager, who were shot dead by the security forces around Lurgan and Armagh in 1982 amid claims there was a deliberate intention to kill them.

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The Kinnego blast happened weeks prior to those killings and the attack was considered a motivating factor for those security force members who were subsequently involved in the six disputed killings.

The landmine blast claimed the lives of Royal Ulster Constabulary Sergeant Sean Quinn (left) and constables Allan McCloy (centre) and Paul Hamilton (right) at Kinnego embankment in County Armagh on October 27 1982 Mr Boutcher has a track record of taking on investigations in Northern Ireland that could create conflict of interest issues if they were conducted by local officers. He is already heading up an independent police inquiry, code-named Operation Kenova, into the activities of Stakeknife – the Army's most senior spy with the IRA. The investigation into the landmine deaths is separate from Operation Kenova. Announcing the new inquiry, Mr Byrne said: 'Following an independent review carried out at the request of my predecessor, Sir George Hamilton, outstanding investigative opportunities were identified in the murder of the three RUC officers at Kinnego embankment, Oxford Island, near Lurgan, County Armagh on October 27 1982. 'I have now asked for the assistance of Operation Kenova lead, Jon Boutcher, to head an external investigation team to carry out a separate independent investigation.' Mr Boutcher said: 'I have met with the families of the three officers and have assured them of my commitment to this investigation.

The murders of three Northern Ireland policemen in an IRA bomb attack are to be reinvestigated by a team of independent detectives led by former Bedfordshire chief constable Jon Boutcher (pictured)

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'All they have ever wanted is to find out the truth of what happened to their loved ones and I will do everything in my power to establish that for them. 'They have shown great dignity over the years and have asked for the press to respect their privacy – I would echo that to allow my team to focus on the investigation.' As well as Operation Kenova and the new probe into the Kinnego bombing, Mr Boutcher is also carrying out an independent investigation into the death of Jean Smyth-Campbell, who was shot dead in west Belfast in June 1972. A timeline of Bloody Sunday and the Troubles August 1969 - British Government first send troops into Northern Ireland to restore order after three days of rioting in Catholic Londonderry. 30 January 1972 - On 'Bloody Sunday' 13 civilians are shot dead by the British Army during a civil rights march in Londonderry.

British troops in Northern Ireland during the Troubles which began in the late 1960s and lasted until 1998 with the signing of the Good Friday Agreement March 1972 - The Stormont Government is dissolved and direct rule imposed by London. 1970s - The IRA begin its bloody campaign of bombings and assassinations in Britain. April 1981 - Bobby Sands, a republican on hunger strike in the Maze prison, is elected to Parliament. He dies a month later. October 1984 - An IRA bomb explodes at the Grand Hotel in Brighton, where Margaret Thatcher is staying during the Tory Party conference. Early 1990s - Margaret Thatcher and then Sir John Major set up a secret back channel with the IRA to start peace talks. The communications were so secret most ministers did not know about it.

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Norman Tebbit, a Conservative cabinet minister at the time, is carried from the wreckage of Brighton's Grand Hotel following the IRA bomb in 1984

Johnathan Ball (left), 3, and Tim Parry (right), 12, were killed in 1993 after IRA bombs exploded in the small town of Warrington, Cheshire 1993 - Two IRA bombs hidden in litter bins detonated on Bridge Street in Warrington Cheshire, killing 12-year-old Tim Parry and three-year-old Johnathan Ball and injuring dozens of civilians. April 1998 - Tony Blair helps to broker the Good Friday Agreement, which is hailed as the end of the Troubles. It establishes the Northern Ireland Assembly with David Trimble as its first minister. 2000s - With some exceptions the peace process holds and republican and loyalist paramilitaries decommission their weapons 2010 - The Saville Report exonerates the civilians who were killed on Bloody Sunday leading to a formal apology from then Prime Minister David Cameron to the families. 2019 - Prosecutors announce whether to brig charges against the 17 surviving Paras who fired shots that day.

A 1998 photograph of Lord Saville of Newdigate chairing the Bloody Sunday inquiry Share or comment on this article: Probe into murders of Northern Ireland policemen killed in landmine blast during Troubles in 1982 https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7431307/Police-chief-orders-independent-inquiry-RUC-officers-murders.html Kommentaar: Dit is belangrik om sien wat die Britte gaan doen. Dit kan ook hier gebeur. Ons moet gedurig van ander lande leer

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MILITARY AND THE MEDIA | MILITÊR EN DIE MEDIA

What is the end game of SANDF deployment? Rebecca Sibanda | 01 September 2019 Rebecca Sibanda says this has been carried out in a non-transparent matter

What is the end game – SANDF deployment 30 August 2019 It has been over a month since the most recent deployment of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) into the gang-ridden Cape Flats of Cape Town. On the one hand, the City is one of Africa’s most popular tourist destinations - and on the other, has one of the highest murder rates (over 60/100 000) in the world. The SANDF was deployed on 18 June 2019 for what has been wrongly cited by many sources as three months, when according to the President’s letter to Parliament, the deployment is to run from 18 July to 16 September 2019 - just under a two-month period. This gives the SANDF significantly less time to execute its mandate in the areas into which it was deployed. Contrary to the expectations of many members of the public and public officials who consistently called for the SANDF’s deployment, there has been little significant improvement to the lives of those affected. The first weekend following the deployment was the only one whereby a marked decrease of murders (the most commonly-used measure of for the success of efforts to counteract violence) was recorded. 25 people died. Thereafter, the numbers quickly returned to the range in which they had been prior to deployment with 46, 41, 47 and 34 deaths having been recorded over the weekends that have followed. Again, this is only an indication of the number of murders. For a clearer picture of the state of the affected areas, a more holistic evaluation of criminal activity is required. The reality of the matter is that despite the presence of the soldiers, life in the Cape Flats has remained relatively unchanged, understandably casting doubt regarding the wisdom of deployment. Reports of only 300 troops having deployed versus the 1 320 that were promised, together with limited patrolling hours and absence during the hours when violence is most likely to occur, have contributed to the public’s scepticism. On the one hand, the Minister of Police announced that upward of 1000 arrests of criminals have been made since the deployment. It is telling that in the same statement, the Minister alluded to the possibility of an extension of the deployment once the initial period comes to an end. On the other hand, Western Cape Premier, Alan Winde, has indicated frustration at the lack of information regarding the effectiveness of the deployment from SAPS. Among the many questions that arise from the above is why the murder rate has continued to spike when there are so many arrests. Another question is why, if the deployment of the SANDF was well-advised and temporary in nature, there should be an extension thereof. Finally, why has no information been made public as to the effectiveness of the SANDF, as well as what the SAPS’s security plan is once the army withdraws. To fully answer these questions, one must understand the relationship between the SANDF and the South African Police Service (SAPS). According to section 19 of the Defence Act, read with section 201(2)(a) of the Constitution, the army may be deployed into civilian areas in co-operation with SAPS, upon authorisation by the President. The troops that are deployed - in this case 1 320 strong - acquire the same authority as SAPS officers per section 13 the South African Police Service Act (and other legislation) for the duration of their deployment. This includes search and seizure, as well as arrest and detention of civilians, bearing in mind that soldiers are trained for warfare and the use of extreme force, not for community policing, where the standard is a minimum use of force. In addition, the human rights instruments governing war and domestic policing are vastly different.

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It is also worth noting that neither piece of legislation speaks to what is happening behind the scenes to address the scourge that is gangsterism and the related violence while the army patrols. Calls by the Premier and others have been made for the Police to report back and make public the effectiveness of the deployment, to allow an evaluation of the same. The alarming lack of information concerning the actual aim of the deployment, particularly once the army withdraws, suggests a kneejerk reaction - to fight violence with violence or a display of force. The reason the SANDF was deployed is the established under-capacity of SAPS, particularly in the Western Cape where criminal elements outnumber police officials. This is in conjunction with the poor and unequal allocation of police resources, as was determined in the 2018 ruling in Social Justice Coalition and Others v Minister of Police and Others. The Equality Court found that there was a stark under-allocation of resources in the poorer areas (where gang violence is pervasive) of the Western Cape, when compared to more affluent areas. Further, the Court found that the intersectionality of the discrimination included race and social origin, largely due to the remnants of apartheid spatial planning, which resulted in the concentration of black and coloured people in these poor areas. Obviously, simply deploying more police resources into the affected areas will not serve as a panacea for the issue, but neither will the deployment of the SANDF. In spite of this ruling, there has been no progress in terms of the reallocation of police resources. “Operation Prosper”, as this deployment is called, is not the first time the army has been deployed into civilian areas to assist police. In January 2012, the army was deployed in the Cape Flats to address gang-related violence. It was deployed again in the Cape Flats on 30 June 2015, as part of an ongoing collaboration to fight organised crime. The deployment - known as “Operation Fiela” - was extended into 2016 following the expiration of the original deployment date. The Army was also deployed in KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng in 2015 following xenophobic violence. In some of these instances, where there were clearer objectives, the troop deployments achieved their goals. However, in the Western Cape, gang-related violence is a symptom, and not the main cause, of violence. Once the army leaves, the situation quickly reverts to what it was prior to deployment. Continuous engagement with the communities into which the army has been deployed paints an interesting picture - one that differs somewhat from praise for the success of the deployment. The Community Policing Forums (CPFs) have indicated that while they welcomed the deployment, they have not seen the impact they hoped they would. They army has been, according to the CPFs, addressing soft targets like shebeens when the residents would rather, they focus on guns and drugs. The communities know who the criminal elements are, and it is disconcerting to note that few of these individuals have been arrested. Further, they too have raised questions about what happens after the army leaves the violent neighbourhoods. This week, Defence Minister Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula acknowledged the main issue with the deployment by stating that the SANDF was never designed or intended to be utilised internally. The bottom line is that the deployment has been carried out in a non-transparent matter, with few indicators made available in terms of evaluation and monitoring. According to the Institute of Security Studies, it is important to use factors other than the number of murders per week to evaluate the impact of the deployment, as more than murder takes place in these areas. Without these, it becomes difficult to validate the deployment, particularly where a plethora of evidence exists globally, that militarised policing is never a long-term solution for violent areas. Therefore, it is important that for the duration of the deployment, there is more transparency on the part of the Police regarding the impact of the army, as well as what the end game for the deployment is. By Ms Rebecca Sibanda, Legal Officer, Centre for Constitutional Rights, 30 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/what-is-the-end-game--sandf-

deployment?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=018984fdfa-

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NB: Ons moet onthou die SANW het ‘n ander doktrine as die polisie en hulle het ‘n ander etos.

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SANDF deployment extension requested – Alan Winde

Alan Winde | 11 September 2019 WCape Premier says shortcomings of original deployment must urgently be addressed

Media Release: Premier Alan Winde requests SANDF deployment extension with conditions 11 September 2019 Western Cape Premier Alan Winde has written to President Cyril Ramaphosa and Defence Minister Nosiviwe-Mapisa Nqakula requesting that the SANDF deployment to the Western Cape be extended on the condition that certain shortcomings of the original deployment be urgently addressed to improve the results that have been recorded so far. Premier Winde said: “We are being told that the SANDF has played a key role in Operation Lockdown so far, particularly in providing support to the SAPS and other law enforcement operations, however, we have seen very little in the way of a decrease in violent crime. There is no doubt that the SAPS do not have the resources to do this alone. There is still a massive hill to climb and no reasonable person would be satisfied that the levels of violence in the Western Cape, and particularly those in affected areas, have now been stablised.” Premier Winde has therefore requested that the army continues to be deployed in the Western Cape for a further period of at least six months in order to reach a point of stabilization. While Premier Winde is requesting an extension, he is doing so on condition that certain undertakings are met, in order to address the shortcomings and gaps, revealed in the first three months of the deployment. Among the conditions and proposals outlined in Premier Winde’s letter to the President are: 1. Clear indicators of success and measurement tools need to be put in place to track the impact the deployment is having. 2. The Western Cape Government proposes a blended strategy which allows for a better combination of law enforcement, community mobilization and availability of social service interventions to targeted groups. 3. A co-ordinated response from local, provincial and national government. 4. A problem-oriented approach where specific crime types are analysed and law enforcement responses are customized to areas, based on needs and requirements. 5. Criminal and violent groupings must be given clear messages that they are under scrutiny and that any violence, or acts triggering violence, will receive special attention and increased enforcement. 6. Premier Winde has undertaken to convene and chair a “Safety Cabinet” of stakeholders to co-ordinate the responses of the provincial government, City of Cape Town and the SAPS, NPA and SANDF, among others. Together, they must develop a joint plan of action to be implemented throughout the period of further deployment. “When the deployment was first made, the Western Cape Government was not consulted on how it would be carried out. This is unfortunate as there was very little co-ordinated planning prior to the event, and no clear terms of reference were discussed with us. As we have not been privy to any indicators, it is not clear to us whether or not the intervention has been successful,” Premier Winde said. “We are still seeing unacceptably high levels of murder, attempted murder and other violent crime which needs to be urgently addressed,” Premier Winde said. The provincial government has been a participant in the daily JOCOM meetings and has committed resources to various initiatives to support Operation Lockdown. However, only limited information is being shared with provincial leadership in these meetings. Premier Winde has requested that the President and Minister of Police Bheki Cele urgently provide the following information: - the number of serious crimes committed during the operation - the operations conducted - the number and nature of targeted arrests conducted - the number of firearms and ammunition confiscated - the number of “high flyers” arrested

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- progress on the arrest and prosecution of targeted offenders - information on the intelligence led approach being utilized. “Access to this kind of data and information is crucial as the Western Cape Government’s number one priority is to see a reduction in violence and crime, and to restore stability. We are eager to work with all other spheres of government and organs of state to achieve this goal, but we need to know that the work being done, and the money being spent is resulting in real and quantifiable results.” The Western Cape Government has been piloting trials in certain communities aimed at addressing issues which have a knock-on effect on crime. In Hanover Park, five provincial government departments, and the City of Cape Town are working together on a series of interventions aimed at crime reduction. These include dealing with street lighting issues, traffic and law enforcement blitzes, cleaning and beautification and the implementation of community social programmes. In Bonteheuwel, 100 City of Cape Town safety officers have been deployed- which has had an almost immediate impact on that area’s crime levels and particularly, the number of murders there. Premier Winde said: “My aim in all of these interventions and in my request for the continued deployment of the SANDF, is to ensure that we are doing everything possible to ensure that the scourge of crime in our communities comes to a stop. We need to make every effort and use every avenue at our disposal to root out criminals and make our communities safer.” “We are grateful to the President and the national government for heeding our call, and the call of communities, to deploy the SANDF, and we hope that they will see the sense in working together to improve this deployment, so that we can all achieve our common goal of ensuring a safer environment for all of our citizens.” Issued by Bianca Capazorio, Spokesperson for Premier Alan Winde, 11 September 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/sandf-deployment-extension-requested--alan-

winde?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=ae790bc701-

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MK veteran Patrick Mvundla, to be reburied in South Africa 31 years later 2019-09-22 17:12

Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) veteran, Patrick Mvundla’s body has been returned to South

Africa from Botswana to be reburied 31 years after his brutal murder by the apartheid

government.11

https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/mk-veteran-patrick-mvundla-to-be-reburied-in-south-

africa-31-years-later-20190922

11 Hy is deur die SAW in ‘n voorsprong operasie gedood – HBH.

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“WE WILL REMEMBER THEM”: CAPT. CHARLES ROSS (SAN – RTD.)

South Africans Commonwealth War Casualties Buried Across the World – Part Nineteen by Captain (SAN) Charles Ross (SA Navy Retired) South Africans participated in almost every theatre of war during both the First and Second World Wars. According to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission Casualty Data Base 7 290 (includes 607 unknown) First World War casualties and 9 986 (includes 84 unknown) Second World War casualties are buried in 1 207 cemeteries while 2 959 First World War and 2 005 Second World War casualties are commemorated on 48 memorials. This does not include the 1 750 members of the South African Native Labour Corps and the 306 from the South African Book of Remembrance whose names are in the process of being added to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission’s Casualty Data Base. With South Africans having served far and wide it is not surprising that you would find single or small group graves in cemeteries across the world. Here are some of those cemeteries where one or a very small group of South Africans are buried.

• Meldola War Cemetery: Italy On 3 September 1943 the Allies invaded the Italian mainland, the invasion coinciding with an armistice made with the Italians who then re-entered the war on the Allied side.

Following the fall of Rome to the Allies in June 1944, the German retreat became ordered and successive stands were made on a series of defensive lines. In the northern Appenine mountains the last of these, the

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Gothic Line, was breached by the Allies during the Autumn campaign and the front inched forward as far as Ravenna in the Adratic sector, but with divisions transferred to support the new offensive in France, and the Germans dug in to a number of key defensive positions, the advance stalled as winter set in. Meldola War Cemetery was originally a battlefield cemetery of the 46th Division, into which a few burials were concentrated; they all date from the last week of October and the month of November 1944. Meldola itself was taken on 30 October, and in the ensuing month the 46th and 4th Divisions advanced to the Lamone River. Meldola War Cemetery contains 145 Commonwealth burials of the Second World War. Lieutenant H. D. Wheeler, 3 Squadron South African Air Force, who died on 05 November 1944 is the only South African buried in the cemetery.

• Maktau Indian Cemetery: Kenya The cemetery was used from March, 1915, to May, 1916, and it contains 16 graves, including 1 unidentified. At Maktau a small British mounted force was ambushed and destroyed on the 4th September, 1915; and later there were established at Maktau a fortified camp, a reinforcement depot and an Indian clearing hospital. Bearer A. R. Kitsna, 1st Company South African Indian Bearer Corps who died on 13 May 1916 is the only South African buried in this cemetery.

• Pandua War Cemetery: Italy On 3 September 1943 the Allies invaded the Italian mainland, the invasion coinciding with an armistice made with the Italians who then re-entered the war on the Allied side. The Allied advance was stalled for two successive winters: in 1943 on the German defensive position known as the Gustav Line, stretching from the river Gargliano in the west to the Sangro in the east, and in 1944 on the Gothic Line in the northern Appenine mountains. At the beginning of April 1945, the Allies launched their final offensive against the German positions spread out in a line across Italy, south of Bologna. German resistance was by now beginning to disintegrate and the

Allies were able to fan out rapidly across the Po valley. Padua War Cemetery lies in the zone of the Allied breakthrough in the spring of 1945 when, despite some resistance, the town was captured by Indian troops. The cemetery contains 517 commonwealth burials of the Second World War, 32 of them unidentified. There are also four war graves of other nationalities and one non-war burial. There are 72 South Africans from the Second World War buried in this cemetery.

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• Montecchio Precalcino Communal Cemetery Extension: Italy The Italians entered the war on the Allied side, declaring war on Austria, in May 1915. Commonwealth forces were at the Italian front between November 1917 and November 1918, and rest camps and medical units were established at various locations in northern Italy behind the front, some of them remaining until 1919. Between April 1918 and February 1919 those who died from wounds or disease in the 9th, 24th and 39th Casualty Clearing Stations were buried either here or at Dueville. Certain graves were brought in after the Armistice from other burial grounds in the area. Montecchio Precalcino Communal Cemetery Extension contains 439 Commonwealth burials of the First World War.

Major Atholl Murray-Macgregor MC, South African Heavy Artillery, attached to 172nd Siege Battery Royal Garrison Artillery who died on 07 December 1918 is the only South African buried in this cemetery.

• Aberdeen Trinity Cemetery: United Kingdom Aberdeen (Trinity) Cemetery is at the end of Errol Street, between King Street (the road to Old Aberdeen) and the sea, within the city. (The Aberdeen (Trinity) Cemetery, Broadhill Extension, is a separately enclosed cemetery divided from the main cemetery by a road (Park Road) to the beach.). 1914 -1918 Graves specified as (SP) in the entries are in a special Military Plot in Section I., those specified as (CMP) are in a Naval Plot in Section F, those specified as (CG) are in common ground in Section N and the remainder are scattered private graves in

the cemetery. 1939-1945 graves are scattered throughout the cemetery. A Screen Wall is erected carrying bronze panels on which particulars of all First World War Graves in the cemetery are inscribed. There are around 170 burials of 1914-1918, (including 1 unidentified sailor of the Royal Navy in F.3. 554(CMP)), and around 30 burials of 1939-1945. In addition, there is 1 Non-World War burial. Corporal A. A. Paterson, 4th Regiment South African Infantry, is the only South African buries in this cemetery.

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• Aberdeen St Peter’s Cemetery: United Kingdom Private R. Clark, 4th Regiment South African Infantry, who died on 30 March 1916 is the only South African buried in this cemetery.

100th Birthday Legionnaire Simon Nhlanga. A World War 2 Veteran: Captain (SAN) Charles Ross (SA Navy Retired)

Today, 19 September 2019, the National President and all members of the South African Legion salute Legionnaire Mashwe Simon Nhlanga, a member of the Soweto Branch on his 100th birthday.

On behalf of fellow Legionnaires, we wish you a happy birthday on this very special day. We pray God's blessing on you for the year ahead.

Lgr Nhlanga served with the South African Native Military Corps from 24 June 1941 to 22 January 1946 during World War Two.

The Soweto Branch of the South African Legion will be holding a special combined birthday celebration at the Legion Chapel in Soweto on Sunday afternoon 22 September 2019. At the event, the 95th birthday of Legionnaire Tsoamotse will also be celebrated. he turned 95 on 20 February 2019.

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ANGLO BOER WAR | ANGLO BOERE-OORLOG

Plaasmuseum: Buskruit & Laventel: Utrecht

President CR “Blackie” Swart se oudste dogter, mev. Dalena Visser, met wyle pres. Swart se moeder se Winburg-konsentrasiekamp-rok wat tannie Dalena vir ons geskenk het. Hier by haar huis in Bloemfontein. Nou te siene in ons plaasmuseum.. 'Buskruit en Laventel’ .

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Fort Hendrina (later Fort Edward): Nico Moolman + Jennifer Bosch

Three men standing in front of one of the Iron forts, probably Hendrina. The man on the left has a set of handcuffs in his pocket. (See yellow arrow). All 3 men appear to be Staatsartillerie given they are wearing bandoleers issued by them." Photo from Nico Moolman and colouring by Jennifer Bosch

Vuller

Oranje Vrijstaat Rijdende Dienstmacht (Die polisie van die ou Boere republiek.)

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THE OBSERVATION POST: PETER DICKENS

https://samilhistory.com

Lieutenant John Louis Molynaeux Jr.: Remembering a South African killed in the Vietnam War

Yup, you’ll find the South African connection in nearly every major modern-day conflict, even in the Vietnam War. Today we remember a South African of dual nationality who died during the Vietnam War, Lieutenant John Louis Molynaeux Jr. We’ll also recall the tumultuous events surrounding his death, as this was the peak of the Vietnam War around period of the ‘Mini Tet’ offences which took place some months after the main ‘Tet offensive’ in 1968.

Background

1st Lt John Louis Molynaeux Jr John Louis Molynaeux Jr was born in Australia on the 13th January 1946 and grew up in South Africa as a naturalised South African – going to St. Charles College, Pietermaritzburg, Natal before returning briefly to Australia. At the onset of the Vietnam War he went to the United States and volunteered to join the United States Marine Corps.

He was mustered into the 1st Battalion 5th Marines, known as 1/5, these US Marines were deployed to some of the heaviest fighting in Vietnam. The 1/5 participated in action around Chu

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Lai, Danang and Quang Nam. During the war Lt Molynaeux found himself as a Junior Commissioned Officer in A Company 1st Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division, III MAF.

Tet The Tet Offensive was a series of surprise attacks by the Viet Cong (rebel forces sponsored by North Vietnam) and North Vietnamese forces, on scores of cities, towns, and hamlets throughout South Vietnam. The Tet Offensive was the most defining battle of the Vietnam war, where planning and infiltration of North Vietnamese Army regulars into South Vietnam continued relatively unnoticed over an extended period of time, and it resulted in a multi-faceted and well-coordinated attack designed to destabilise the South and enact a complete people’s overthrow of South Vietnam, with all its American and the Allied forces included. It all kicked off on a day the American and South Vietnamese forces least expected it – on the evening of the 30 January 1968 during the Tet holiday festivities (the Vietnamese New Year).

The Tet Offensive was audacious to the say the least and it even included the ‘safe’ capital city of South Vietnam, Saigon – where insurgents even breached the embassy of the United States. The Tet offensive was to cumulate in the historic city of Hue, with its iconic Citadel and Imperial Palace as a backdrop. The battle at Hue was a gruelling street to street, house to house affair not seen since World War 2 and it took place mainly between the US Marines alongside the South Vietnamese troops (ARVN) fighting in a ferocious battle against North Vietnamese Army regular troops (NVA) and Viet Cong irregulars. It was a desperate battle which literally flattened the beautiful city of Hue.

The intensity of the US Marines’ battle for Hue is seen in this short video clip.

In the middle of the battle for Hue, on 12 February 1968 was the 1st Battalion, 5th Marines as they joined the South Vietnamese Army (the ARVN), moving into the city from the north by helicopter and landing craft. The Marines went in on the left flank; the 3d ARVN Regiment was in the center, and the Vietnamese Marines, who had replaced the airborne battalions, were on the right flank. The attack ground inexorably forward. On 22 February, the Marines seized their final objective, the southeast wall of the Citadel.

By prior agreement, the Marines stayed out of the fight for the Imperial Palace. At dawn on the 24th, the South Vietnamese flag went up over the Citadel; and that afternoon, the Black Panther Company went into the now deserted Imperial Palace. Mopping up of the NVA remnants went on from 25 February until 2 March when the battle was declared over.

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Marines assaulting Dong Ba Tower in the City of Hue, Feburary 15, 1968. Photo By John Olson. (Photo Courtesy Atlantic Monthly Press)

Mini Tet After the failure of the Tet Offensive in early 1968, the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong irregulars withdrew into the country side and regrouped. By mid to late 1968 a second Tet Offensive opened up, phase 2 of the Tet Offensive, especially in areas surrounding the Demilitarised Zone (DMZ). These offensives became known as ‘Mini Tet’.

The US Marines initiated two key operations using the 1/5 Marines (and other Marine Battalions) to seek and destroy the enemy during Mini Tet just south of Danang, Operation Allen Brook which was quickly followed by Operation Mameluke Thrust.

Members of the 1st Battalion, 5th Marine Division Regiment on patrol (Marine Corps/National Archives).

From the 1st to the 31 August 1968, the 1st Battalion, 5th Marines found themselves taking part in Operation ‘Mameluke Thrust’ in the Southern part Dai Loc and northern part of Duc Duc districts in the Quang Nam Province. Known generally as ‘Happy Valley’ by the Marines the ‘operation took place just southwest of Danang in August 1968

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KIA

1st Lieutenant John Louis Molynaeux Jr was tragically Killed in Action towards the end of Operation Mameluke Thrust on the 31 August 1968 when he detonated a Viet Cong ‘Booby-trap’ (now known as an Improvised Explosive Device or IED) whilst on patrol in Quang Nam Province, South Vietnam. He was 22.

The US Marines took a heavy toll during Operation Mameluke Thrust, in all the Marines had suffered 269 dead and 1730 wounded, however in the standard of the time of counting ‘death toll’ or ‘body count’ they saw it as a victory claiming the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong lost 2,728 killed and 47 captured.

Remembrance Today 1st Lieutenant John Louis Molynaeux Jr (service number 0103695) is remembered by both The United States of America and Australia. His name can be found on the Vietnam War memorial – 45W LINE: 015 for anyone to pay respects to him.

Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard takes a rubbing of John Louis Molynaeux Jr’s name the Vietnam War memorial in Washington DC.

The then Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard visited the United States Vietnam Veterans Memorial wall in Washington on March 7, 2011 and she took the special time to take a rubbing of his name. Sadly, no such tribute or recognition has been paid to him by his other country of naturalisation – South Africa.

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Next time you are in Washington and visit the Vietnam War Memorial, be sure to look him up, the Observation Post salutes you John Louis Molynaeux Jr, may your memory be forever kept alive, under all the nation’s flags with whom you served and made your home, including South Africa.

Written and Researched by Peter Dickens

With thanks to Graham Du Toit for his on-going work in keeping memories of these brave South Africans alive on digital media. Mast image shows marines on patrol in ‘happy valley’ in mid-1968 during ‘Mini Tet’ – Operation Allen Brook, it would have been on a similar patrol that John Louis Molynaeux Jr would be KIA by triggering an IED.

RSA INTELLIGENCE | SA INLIGTING

South African Institute of Maritime Research: Peta Thornycroft This is the story I wrote, which was never published, perhaps because it came after so many claiming validity for SAIMR. (See our previous edition) both Kerr and Wagner are dead according to Annandale. Peta Thornycroft

The “top secret “1961 plot” to kill United Nations Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold was a series of messages between two South African men living in Johannesburg who called themselves Commodore and Captain. The men whose names appear on the “top secret” notes, “Commodore” Bob Wagner and “Captain” Ian Kerr were deleted off the headline catching documents released to the media by the Truth Commission two weeks ago. The documents on the letterhead of the South African Institute for Maritime Research (SAIMR) refer to an operation called “Celeste” to assassinate Hammarskjold, UN political chief in Katanga Conor Cruise O’Brien and the UN’s force commander General Sean McKeown. The “operation” was named after Ian Kerr’s daughter Celeste who went to Queen’s High School in Kensington, Johannesburg. And the “secret” telephone number on the Hammarskjold documents belonged to one of Celeste’s youthful admirers. The “top secret” documents were found more than a year ago by TRC investigators within the military archives in Pretoria and when they were released the Hammarskjold “plot” made headlines round the world. The Hammarskjold “plot” was only one of the African adventures “leaked” over the years to the press all written in exciting military jargon and on letterheads of the South African Institute for Maritime Research.

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But the reality may be something simpler: if the SAIMR existed it was about men dressing up in quasi naval uniform, who belonged to an apparently secret organisation which had officers’ dinners, and whose leader was called “The Flag.” They had their own ensign and only stood up for their own anthem. Among the other “secret” documents with the SAIMR logo which have been doing the rounds for some years are plans (and SAIMR advertised in the press) to recruit mercenaries to reinstate Ugandan tyrant Idi Amin. There is a list in the SAIMR dossier of men who wanted to join the expedition. One name on the list is Janus Waluz who murdered SACP boss Chris Hani in 1993. There is another document discussing a possible coup in Zimbabwe, and a series of messages in maritime language about a “voyage” to Seychelles called Operation Santiago. In a 1990 South African press report, Keith Annandale who also says he was a commodore in SAIMR, said his organisation were the movers and shakers behind the chaotic 1981 coup attempt in the Seychelles. But this week he said SAIMR had pulled out of the operation at the last minute because it was to be executed in an amateurish way. Now Annandale says SAIMR bust a Seychelloise dissident called Jean from prison the following year. But South African mercenary Jerry Puren who was in jail at the time after the botched coup attempt said this week from Durban his fellow prisoner Jean was released routinely on the same day, he was freed. Annandale who has been the source of some of the press reports about SAIMR said in 1990 he was 43. That would have made him 17 when he says he went to the Congo to fight for Katangese separatists as a mercenary, after he had already served the South African army and done pre-Congo training in a secret SAIMR camp. Puren a former top aide to Katangese strongman Moise Tshombe said he did not recall Annandale nor did he believe there were more than 50 SAIMR trained mercenaries in the Congo, as Annandale claims. Puren said he had never heard of SAIMR. Puren said however Annandale’s information about the Congo sounded genuine. Annnandale also claims SAIMR had done a deal with the ANC’s spokesman at the time, Saki Macozoma who he says promised them a white homeland. But he says just before democratic elections in 1994 all but about three SAIMR members emigrated. Annandale says he went to the Congo as a mercenary in 1964. Previously he said he had been in the South African Army and that after a personal tragedy he had a breakdown and “found himself” at a quasi-military camp learning ciphers, codes, interrogation methods etc., prior to going to serve in the Congo. He has over the years given several journalists “top secret” documents with messages between him and “Commodore” Wagner. Some of those documents found their way into intelligence files in Pretoria where they were investigated at the time, and then filed. Which may be how the TRC picked them up. Annandale, now a homeopath on the East Rand said SAIMR was founded last century when treasure seekers went to look for bounty on a ship Amanda sunk off the Cape Coast. However

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marine archaeologists at the British Maritime Museum can find no trace of any ship Amanda sunk off South Africa. Annandale has written a fictionalised account of his life some of which reads like some of the secret codes of SAIMR, full of romantic code-names, exciting adventures and heroism. Since the release of the TRC Hammarskjold plot the NIA has said it will investigate the documents to see if there is anything of substance. And the lovely Celeste? Well Annandale said this week he had adored Celeste, daughter of “Captain” Kerr from afar when he was a youngster and that’s how he happens to remember the phone number which also happens to appear on one of the “secret” documents planning the assassination of Hammarskjold.

A Legacy of Spies: RS 167 Spies seem to be the flavour of the month recently. We've had our former President (who was incidentally head of ANC Intelligence during the 'struggle') make allegations about 'spies' and 'enemy agents' amongst his erstwhile comrades. We've had a recent book on 'white spies during apartheid'. We've had a former 'spy' now teaching history at a Western Cape high school 'outed'. We've had evidence given at the Zondo Commission of a reputable journalist's Wesbank car loan being paid off from the Crime Intelligence secret fund. We've had a reputable judge find that the State Security Agency has been conducting 'illegal' bulk interception of our electronic communications. And now Edward Snowdon has published his book 'Permanent Record'. So, what is it about spying and spies that so fascinates us? Well - the Bible, Numbers 13:1-20 tells us that "Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying "Send out for yourself men so that they may spy out the land Canaan…". And in 545BC Sun Tzu was born and became perhaps the first military strategist to spell out exactly what role spies and intelligence play in any conflict - be it metaphysical or physical. He said " ...the wise General (who) will use the highest intelligence of the army for the purposes of spying and thereby they achieve great results…" Sun Tzu also said "To know your enemy, you must become your enemy". Such were the principles on which the Security Branch Intelligence Section based its training and recruitment. General Johann Coetzee famously told us that our chosen profession was the second oldest in the world but with far less morals than the first!

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While human nature is as it is - forewarned is forearmed. Chairman Mao said - "The guerilla must move amongst the people like a fish swims in the sea". Intelligence is required by any community or organisation, in order to know where their enemy or opposition's is and what they plan to do. It's a simple case of survival. Comment by HBH

To all critics of spies: The new democratic South Africa will also employ spies. In order to survive

you need intelligence, even for the most menial tasks to be performed! Spies sometimes change

the world – sometimes without bullets or bombs! They save lives! Some spies are agents of

change, double agents or spies who later reveal all!! Think about it! We need them! We have

nothing to fear if we are law abiding citizens.

Top spy Thulani Dlomo still AWOL eight months after being recalled to the SSA 2019-09-26 06:02

Several months after he was recalled from his ambassadorship in Japan, deputy director general

in the State Security Agency Thulani Dlomo is still missing in action.

https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/top-spy-thulani-dlomo-still-awol-eight-months-after-

being-recalled-to-the-ssa-20190926

Richard Mdluli 'frustrated' investigations - Kobus Roeloefse News24 | 19 September 2019 More than 20 CI members were transferred within days of Mdluli's return

Richard Mdluli 'frustrated' investigations into abuse of secret service account 19 September 2019 Senior Hawks investigator Colonel Kobus Roelofse has told the state capture commission that former Crime Intelligence (CI) boss Richard Mdluli failed to co-operate with officers while he was under investigation for fraud and corruption. Instead, he frustrated the investigation, the commission heard. Mdluli faced charges of fraud, theft and corruption for allegedly pillaging the Crime Intelligence slush fund. The charges were withdrawn in 2011. Testifying for a third day before inquiry chairperson Deputy Chief Justice Raymond Zondo on Thursday, Roelofse said: "He (Mdluli) frustrated the investigations by certain actions he took." "His suspension was lifted on 31st March 2012. During that period [when] he went back to work, I was informed by Crime Intelligence members, quite a few of them, that General Mdluli came and tried to identify the CI members who assisted me in the investigation," he said. Roelofse said more than 20 Crime Intelligence members were transferred within days of Mdluli's return. On April 4, 2012, Mdluli released a circular to all Crime Intelligence members, warning them against disclosing classified information to the media or other bodies who were not authorised to receive such information, Roelofse said. He said soon after the circular was issued, Crime Intelligence members no longer assisted him. Referring to the withdrawal of the charges against Mdluli, Roelofse said: "I have never encountered anything like this before. That is why I felt, at the time when the decision was taken and the reasons that were advanced for this just don't make sense." "It was not just resistance. It was a deliberate attempt not to continue with the investigation." Asked if there were key individuals who were part of deliberate attempts to stop the investigation, Roelofse said he could not speculate when it came to former deputy prosecutions boss, Nomgcobo Jiba.

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"But in terms of advocate [Lawrence] Mrwebi, he knew what happened. He was briefed by policemen... he should have known that it is not the way to deal with that matter. He didn't consult with myself, nor the prosecutor on the matter. I felt this was done deliberately in order to stop the investigation," Roelofse said. In April, President Cyril Ramaphosa fired Jiba and Mrwebi after retired Constitutional Court Justice Yvonne Mokgoro recommended that he sack them from the NPA following an inquiry. The inquiry found that both of them were "not fit and proper to hold their respective offices". Mokgoro's report stated that Jiba's conduct, on multiple occasions, showed a "lack of conscientiousness", while Mrwebi was found to have failed to act without favour and to the prejudice of the NPA. News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/richard-mdluli-frustrated-investigations-into-abus?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=5447d1cc2a-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_19_10_29&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-5447d1cc2a-130042309

Ruiterstandbeeld: Windhoek (HBH)

Die ruiter standbeeld in die ou Suidwes-Afrika afgeneem - HBH

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GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES PENSION FUND

Hier is ‘n werklike gevaar en groot bedreiging vir elke polisieman, soldaat, staatsdiensamptenaar en vir pensioenarisse van die staatsdiens!

The ANC govt is coming after your pensions - GHL

Geordin Hill-Lewis | 10 September 2019 DA MP asks why Cosatu is not willing to fight the dangerous 'prescribed assets' proposal

Unions are betraying their members 10 Sep 2019 The following speech was delivered in Parliament’s Debate on Prescribed Assets today. Honourable Speaker, The government’s proposition is quite simple. They have run all of the state-owned entities12 into the ground. Those companies now need enormous bailouts just to stay afloat. But there is no more money for bailouts, because debt is unsustainably high, taxes are maxed out, and we’re running record deficits. Borrowing is expensive, with 10-year bonds costing around 10%, which only makes the problem worse as interest payments climb. So, what to do? The government could do the hard work of fixing the state-owned entities. But that requires real leadership and real, tough decisions. It requires a confrontation with unions, and an honest admission that the central dogma of state control has failed. Those things are just too difficult for the ANC to do. So instead, the government has reached back in time and plucked a policy straight from the National Party apartheid government of the 1980s. When that apartheid government was in the final phases of burying itself in the junkheap of history, PW Botha also told the country that pension funds needed to be patriotic. And so, we come back to the present, with the ANC’s 2019 election manifesto promising to investigate a regime of so-called “prescribed assets”. This was confirmed by the President during Question Time in this House just two weeks ago. After a mealy-mouthed obfuscation at first, and after being pressed, he confirmed that prescribed assets are definitely coming. I could quote you the Hansard, but the President is so verbose, and so slow in coming to the point, a bit like his Presidency really, that you’ll have to go read it for yourselves. The ANC is reduced to copying the desperate policies of a failing apartheid government. How low they have fallen? Some may call that moral and political bankruptcy. Others call it the “New Dawn”. They may euphemistically refer to “prescribed assets”, but let’s be absolutely clear what we are talking about: They are proposing to force every pension fund, public and private, to lend money to the government and to the state-owned companies. Normally the interest rate should compensate the lender for the risk of extending the loan. But if the lender is forced by law to make the loan, then it is the borrower (in this case the government) who dictates the interest rate. This simply means lower investment returns for hard working South Africans for the rest of their working lives, and smaller pensions for hard working South Africans when they retire. I did a rough calculation. Assuming the government starts off taking 3% of pension funds, a number that has been bandied about. A 35-year-old South African who is saving R2000 a month in their pension, and who does so diligently until retirement, will lose R1.4 million in savings.

12 Eg. SAA, Eskom, Transnet …

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So, let’s cut the nonsense and call it what it is: Pension theft! This government is proposing to steal from the pensions of hard-working South Africans to pay for their mismanagement. And don’t be persuaded by the argument that 3%, if that is where it starts, is where it will end. Once the principle is established that it’s okay to steal, the quantum will be ratcheted up year after year. The DA warned, in the debate over the amendment to S25, that you cannot compromise on the principle of private property ownership. And that when you do undermine property rights, this doesn’t only affect land, it affects all kinds of property – even your future pension. I didn’t imagine at the time that this warning would come to pass so soon. Stealing from people’s future pensions is still theft, plain and simple, and should be fought by every South African who has diligently saved for their retirement. I do not think the message has even begun to get out there about how dangerous this is. Let the word go out that the ANC, the self-proclaimed vanguard of the working classes, is coming for the workers’ pensions. The government doesn’t need to change any law to do this. This can be done with a simple regulatory change. We believe such a change would illegally and unconstitutionally deprive people of their own savings without their express permission. So, if the ANC does go ahead with this mad idea, we will table private members legislation to allow South Africans to withdraw their pensions without having to resign first. And our legislation will allow them to opt out of compulsory pension contributions. If we don’t do this, you will see thousands of workers resigning from their jobs to save their pensions. And government employees must not think they are safe. In fact, the ANC’s proposal is most absurd when applied to civil servants. The state pays their salaries, and guarantees their pensions, then uses those pensions to buy government guaranteed debt in bankrupt SOEs. All of these guarantees only last as long as the economy is growing and there is money available to pay for it all. And there isn’t any. When the money runs out, the “defined benefit” pensions will be the first guarantee to go. So, nurses, teachers, police officers, social workers, doctors, every public employee must also support the DA in fighting this theft of their pensions! And this brings me to the ANC-aligned trade unions. Where is Cosatu and its affiliates? Where are their representatives in this House? These unions haven’t said a thing, and Cosatu has offered cautious “in principle” support. Why aren’t they speaking for their members? Every member of these unions should ask what they pay their membership fees for. Does Cosatu represent their members to the ANC, or do they represent the ANC to their members? Cosatu’s slogan is “an injury to one is an injury to all”. But this proposal is an injury to all, and they have not mustered the voice to speak for even one of their members. Possibly worse than the silence of many unions, is the sickening sycophancy of some in the asset management industry. Asset prescription is inimical to efficient capital allocation, and is clearly not in the interests of their clients. Yet these asset managers have shown they are prepared to accept almost any outrage, so long as it is presented in a New Dawn wrapper. And so now we have the grotesque spectacle of asset prescription proudly endorsed by Colin Coleman of Goldman Sachs, Magda Wierzycka of Sygnia Asset Management and Wayne McCurrie from FNB wealth. Honourable Members,

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Here again we have the alliance of big state, big unions, and big business working together, with no regard for the best interests of ordinary South Africans. Only the DA is fighting for the working man and woman. Only the DA is protecting the family, and creating work for the jobseeker. You don’t get to pilfer people’s pensions without a fight. And we will lead the fight to stop this theft. Issued by Geordin Hill-Lewis MP, DA Shadow Minister for Finance, 10 September 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-anc-govt-is-coming-after-your-pensions--ghl?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=ae790bc701-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_11_08_43&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-ae790bc701-130042309

Unforeseen consequences of using govt's pension fund must be considered – FF Plus Wouter Wessels | 11 September 2019 Wouter Wessels says pensioners are going to lose all their money in this gamble

Unforeseen consequences of compulsory investments using government’s pension fund must be considered 11 September 2019 The ruling party would do well to thoroughly consider the unforeseen consequences of its intention of using the government's pension fund for certain compulsory investments. Policy directions usually start off with honourable intentions, but the unforeseen consequences are often overlooked. The FF Plus is, thus, calling on the government to take any possible unforeseen consequences into account and not to put it off until it is too late and the damage has already been done. Investments in development assets are of the greatest importance for economic progress and job creation. We must, however, learn from past mistakes. The National Party did the very same thing with the government's pension fund and by 1994, there was nothing left. History will repeat itself. Pensioners are going to lose all their money in this gamble. The fund will lose its secure financial footing as there will be a sharp decrease in investment growth and investors will become impoverished. As a result, members of the fund will have to work more years and contribute more money so as to ensure meaningful provision for their retirement. The gist of the matter is that the government wants to use the pension fund to save public enterprises that have been ruined by mismanagement and looting. An assumption that can be made based on the fact that the ANC and the EFF support the proposal is that there are undoubtedly those who are already licking their lips at the prospect of a new source of billions of rands to loot. The government must also keep in mind that it is the poorest people in our community that will suffer the most if this reckless policy proposal is implemented. The ANC is following the poor example set by the National Party and will end up in the same predicament. It will lose all the public officials' pension money and ultimately, it will lose power. It is just a matter of time. Issued by Wouter Wessels, FF Plus MP and chief spokesperson: Finance, 11 September 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/unforeseen-consequences-of-using-govts-pension-

fun?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=ae790bc701-

EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_11_08_43&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-

ae790bc701-130042309

Prescribed assets: fraudulent excuses for legalised theft John Kane-Berman | 23 September 2019 John Kane-Berman says there has been a rare, but welcome, pushback to the plan from business

Prescribed assets: fraudulent excuses for legalised theft

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In a country where the bulk of business habitually acquiesces in economically destructive policies, it is gratifying to see the forthright opposition to the ruling party's plans to compel pension funds to invest some of their assets with the government. Although the African National Congress (ANC) has so far stated only that it intends to "investigate the introduction of prescribed assets", it has been toying with this idea since 2002, if not earlier. Compelling pension funds to hand over some of their assets to the state is an assault upon property rights which threatens substantial reductions in future payments from pension funds to their members (which is what happened when the National Party government did it). This is tantamount to the expropriation of part of future pensions without compensation. Leon Campher, chief executive of the Association for Savings and Investment South Africa, is one of the most trenchant public critics of the idea that the state should be empowered to order financial institutions to invest more of their assets with the government than they would otherwise choose to do. Earlier this year he warned that any such imposition would trigger a massive flight of foreign portfolio investment, and that it would be as "devastating" now as when the NP government did the same thing. There was no way his association would back such a plan. Andrew Canter, chief investment officer of Futuregrowth Asset Management, said "We're very hostile to prescription; we think it is a terrible idea". The Financial Sector Conduct Authority, a statutory body, says the "strong objections" to prescription are "sound and justified". In contrast to her predecessor, Bonang Mohale, who once said that business backed expropriation without compensation, the new CEO of Business Leadership South Africa, Busisiwe Mavuso, earlier this month denounced plans to take anyone's pension money as neither right nor fair. "You can't steal money" from the fiscus, she said, and then say that "to fix the mess I have created over the past ten years I am going to take your pension money" and pour it into struggling state-owned enterprises. Last month, Adamus Stemmet, spokesman for the Association for Monitoring and Advocacy of Government Pensions, said any prescribed assets proposal should be fought tooth and nail. Compelling pension funds to lend money to bankrupt entities such as Eskom and then pretend that this was an investment was laughable. According to Chris Barron in the Sunday Times, Mr Stemmet cited a 1983 ANC document in which that organisation had said that the billions collected over the years by pension funds and insurance companies "will be at our disposal". Unfortunately, not all asset managers endorse the forthright views quoted above. Some have adopted a Ja/Nee attitude to prescription – indefensible equivocation given that the ANC's proposals would involve legalised theft from pensioners and using the money to finance the profligate and often corrupt public sector. The ANC claims that prescription is necessary to generate funds for infrastructural development. This is a fraudulent argument. Mr Campher and others have repeatedly pointed out that vast sums are in fact available for investment in infrastructure. The problem is not the shortage of money. It is the absence of projects in which it can be profitably and responsibly invested. As Mr Campher put it in a statement widely publicised last week, "the savings industry would gladly invest in infrastructure for development projects provided they are properly done". In July, David Jones, an "infrastructure finance transactor at Rand Merchant Bank, said "there is an estimated $100 trillion of public and private money under management worldwide potentially looking for a home. If we get the right projects together at the right rates of return, with transparency and certainly of outcome, the money will flow." Earlier this month, Lin Songtian, Chinese ambassador in South Africa, wrote that his country's investment in Africa had increased from less than $1 billion in 2000 to more than $110 billion in 2018. Not long before that, he had pointed out that while other African nations had seen a boom in infrastructure development, projects proposed by the South African authorities had lacked feasibility studies capable of reassuring the Chinese government and banks of their profitability and sustainability. We therefore have our own asset management industry and the Chinese ambassador pointing to the same problem: absence of what the industry describes as "bankable" projects to attract risk

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capital. Further evidence of the scarcity of such projects is the plight of the South African construction industry, where major companies have had to seek opportunities outside South Africa and/or humiliate themselves into applying for business rescue. South Africa has a pressing need for repairing and extending infrastructure. The money is available. But the ANC cannot put the two together. Like a child with a box of matches, it rather plays around with threats to property rights. Far better, as the Institute of Race Relations (IRR) argues in Reaching the Promised Land, published last week, to jettison threats to property rights and devise public-private partnerships to stimulate all the necessary additional infrastructure investment. That of course would automatically encourage all kinds of other investment. John Kane-Berman is a policy fellow at the IRR, a think-tank that promotes political and economic freedom. Readers are invited to take a stand with the IRR by clicking here or sending an SMS with your name to 32823. Each SMS costs R1. Ts and Cs apply. https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/prescribed-assets-fraudulent-excuses-for-legalised

ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE | REGSPLEGING

Hate speech complaint laid against Ace Magashule – Roy Jankielsohn

Roy Jankielsohn | 11 September 2019 This after ANC SG branded white South African citizens as foreigners

DA submits hate speech complaint against Magashule at the Equality Court 11 September 2019 I have today submitted an affidavit at the Equality Court in Bloemfontein with a request that the Court consider my request to instruct Mr Ace Magashule and the ANC under whose auspices these statements were made, to individually or jointly call a press conference in which they apologise unconditionally for the damage caused by branding white South African citizens as being foreigners who should be subjected to violence. Neither the President of the ANC Mr Cyril Ramaphosa, nor the ANC as a political party that regards itself as non-racial in terms of the Freedom Charter, have made any statements condemning these racist comments. On 5 September 2019, the Secretary-General of the African National Congress (ANC) Mr Ace Magashule delivered a speech at a South African Student Congress (SASCO) rally at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), amid the ongoing violence that is directed at foreign nationals from other African states residing in the South Africa. During his address he made, among others, the following comments (see video here): “…You must never despise people who have the same skin colour with us. Their colour whether it’s people from Mozambique or Angola or Nigeria or anywhere in the 54 countries in Africa you must know you are from Africa. Because there are many others with whitish colour you don’t know them they are there, you see them all the time, but you can’t say this one ke le kwerekwere (offensive term for foreigners), this one comes from somewhere else. They are here in this country. They have never been attacked and they are so-called foreigners because their colour is white. And you must understand why Africans must unite is because the whites don’t want Africa to come together…” In my affidavit to the Equality Court in Bloemfontein, I indicate that we regard this as hate speech and incitement to commit violence against white people in terms of both the Equality Act (No. 4 of 2000) and Section 16 of the Constitution. I also regard the language as racist in nature. There can

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be no doubt that the purpose of the statement is to brand white South African citizens as being foreigners who should be subjected to similar violence as that which has been meted out to foreign nationals in South Africa recently. Furthermore, these statements are regarded as a deliberate attempt to make white South African citizens a target of contempt in the broader community. In a transitional society that is grappling with entrenching the principles of democracy and racial tolerance, the Courts have a very important role to play in determining acceptable rules of behaviour and interaction among groups and individuals in South Africa. The responsibility of setting an example to the rest of society falls on the shoulders of all leaders in our communities, especially political leaders in the governing party. It is a shame that Magashule abused an opportunity to address young people as platform to propagate hate speech. The DA has a sound track record of defending the rights and freedoms of all South Africans, that includes the right to be protected from harm. We will continue to do this in a manner that promotes our diversity and non-racism and entrenches a democratic political culture in our country. Issued by Roy Jankielsohn, DA MPL and Leader of the Official Opposition in the Free State Provincial Legislature, 11 September 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/hate-speech-complaint-against-magashule--roy-janki?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=ae790bc701-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_09_11_08_43&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-ae790bc701-130042309 Vuller: My eerste Disa (HBH)

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POLICE: INTERNATIONAL

Britain

Elite anti-terror squad on patrol: Met Police unit armed with ballistic shields and semi-automatic rifles are back at Downing Street as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meets Boris Johnson

• Counter Terrorism Specialist Firearms Officers - or C-men - unveiled in 2016

• They were seen today guarding Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu

• Officers are masked and usually heavily armed with pistols and carbine rifles By Rory Tingle for Mailonline Published: 17:21 BST, 5 September 2019 | Updated: 20:28 BST, 5 September 2019

The Met's rarely seen specialist anti-terror unit were seen on the streets of London today guarding Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The Counter Terrorism Specialist Firearms Officers - dubbed C-men - were unveiled in 2016 as part of Britain's strategy to combat terror after a wave of attacks in Europe. The new officers are masked in order to protect their identity from attackers, and usually heavily armed with with pistols and semi-automatic SIG Carbine rifles - although the ones seen today did not have any visible weaponry.

+4

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The Counter Terrorism Specialist Firearms Officers - dubbed C-men - were brought out to guard Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as he met Boris Johnson today at Number 10

One of the Counter Terrorism Specialist Firearms Officers in Mr Netanyahu's convoy. The Israeli Prime Minister is a top terror target

The new generation of armed officers were unveiled in 2016 as part of Britain's strategy to combat terror after a wave of attacks in Europe They stood guard as Boris Johnson met with Mr Netanyahu in Number 10 to discuss Iran's attempts to acquire a nuclear weapon.

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Summing up the meeting, a Downing Street spokesman said: "Both Prime Ministers agreed on the need to prevent Iran getting a nuclear weapon and stop wider destabilising Iranian behaviour. 'The Prime Minister stressed the need for dialogue and a diplomatic solution.' Mr Johnson also said he looked forward to seeing the United States' proposals for a viable Israel-Palestinian peace agreement, the spokeswoman said. As well as guns, the new generation of armed officers also have BMW F800GS motorbikes to allow them to scramble to an incident anywhere in the capital and speed boats so they can deploy from the Thames.

They stood guard today as the Prime Ministers met in Number 10 to discuss Iran's attempts to acquire a nuclear weapon. Marksmen have BMW bikes for mounting curbs and driving off-road to beat London traffic

The officers don't need training for the grey BMW F800GS motorbikes as they will ride passenger, with colleagues from the British Transport Police driving the vehicle The new generation of armed officers are equipped with top of the range adventure motorbikes to allow them to scramble to an incident anywhere in the capital.

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They don't need training for the grey BMW F800GS motorbikes as they will ride passenger, with colleagues from the British Transport Police driving the vehicle. The motorbikes boast long suspensions and high ground clearance to make it easier to mount curbs and drive off-road. F800GS bikes are powered by 798cc 4-stroke twin cylinder engines that develop 85 horse power and a top speed of 140mph. One officer said the new bikes would allow terror police to ride off road to get around congestion on London's roads. 'Traffic can be gridlocked at the best of times - certainly in the times of an attack,' the officer told Sky News. 'If you look at Europe, at Paris and Belgium, traffic becomes a major impingement on a rapid response. 'We've looked at tactics and pillion riding with motorcycles gives us a very fast and effective response. 'The guys practice riding off road so they can bump up and down across pavements and make really good progress from A to B.' Share or comment on this article: The Met's rarely seen specialist anti-terrorism officers are spotted https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7432083/The-Mets-rarely-seen-specialist-anti-terrorism-officers-spotted.html

Strange hobby

He's got enough to build a house! Retired police sergeant keeps collection of 3,500 bricks in his garden shed

• Mark Cranston, 56, began hobby when he was looking for a brick as a doorstop

• Ex-police sergeant was inspired after finding white brick from former colliery

• He says his wife Karen 'tolerates it' and has been out on brick hunts with him By Mark Duell for Mailonline Published: 12:15 BST, 11 September 2019 | Updated: 16:48 BST, 11 September 2019 An eccentric collector has shown off his extraordinary collection of almost 3,500 bricks which he keeps in his garden shed. Mark Cranston, 56, began the hobby in 2010 when he was looking for a brick as a doorstop for his garden shed and found a white painted brick from a former colliery. The discovery inspired the retired police sergeant from Jedburgh in the Scottish Borders to look into the brick's history - and his passion for them grew from there.

Mark Cranston, 56, began the hobby in 2010 when he was looking for a brick as a doorstop

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Mr Cranston has shown his extraordinary collection of almost 3,500 bricks in his garden shed

He has a brick that in the late 1990s was retrieved from the demolition of the execution block at Glasgow's HMP Barlinnie, Scotland's largest prison Over the last nine years, dedicated Mr Cranston has amassed a huge collection of bricks from around England, Scotland, Wales and abroad. He stores the rare bricks in his garden shed which the married father-of-two has had to extend over the years as his collection grew.

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It now measures 20ft (6m) long by 10ft (3m) wide with multiple shelves, like a library, to store the bricks. Mr Cranston said: 'I was just looking for a brick to keep the garage door open and the first I picked up had a name on it. 'The first brick was the one from Whitehill Colliery in Ayrshire which peaked my interest. When I looked it up online, I was surprised by the history behind bricks. 'I started to see there was a lot more bricks out there. They were once outside but I've got a shed now where they're all inside and dry.

Over the last nine years, dedicated Mr Cranston has amassed a huge collection of bricks

He stores the rare bricks in his garden shed which he has had to extend as his collection grew

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One of the star attractions in the collection - Bonnyrigg, recovered in St Petersburg, Russia 'But I'm running out of space and it's not ideal - I need to get bigger premises. 'Ultimately the aim is a museum where people can come and see them all. Everything else like pottery, glass and iron go on display but not the humble brick.' Among his collection Mr Cranston has a fire brick that was salvaged from the SS Politician, which ran aground in the Outer Hebrides in 1941 and was carrying 264,000 bottles of malt whisky - inspiring the famous novel Whisky Galore. He has a brick that in the late 1990s was retrieved from the demolition of the execution block at Glasgow's HMP Barlinnie, Scotland's largest prison. Mr Cranston also has a Scottish made brick from an old gold mine in Washington state in the US, and the oldest brick he has is a drainage tile from 1833. He said: 'There was a prison warden who'd retired from Barlinnie and had rescued a few bricks stamped 'Wilson & Son Barlinnie'.

He has amassed the collection of bricks from around England, Scotland, Wales and abroad

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The garage storing the bricks measures 20ft (6m) long by 10ft (3m) wide with multiple shelves

He has global contacts who notify him about finds and tip him off about building demolitions 'They've had a few notable characters passing them over the years. Each brick tells a story.' In 2014, Mr Cranston set up the website Scottish Brick History, a database of thousands of bricks found by him and other collectors and enthusiasts.

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He said: 'The website includes bricks I've found and bricks people have found that I don't have. I really wanted it to be a one stop for all and it's well used. 'The idea was every Scottish brick mark will be on there. There's no known total, but we're over 3,000 Scottish brick marks. There's new bricks every week or month.' To find bricks, Mr Cranston seeks out old buildings that are being demolished and scours old brick work sites, rivers and shorelines. He also has hundreds of contacts who notify him about finds, tip him off about building demolitions and useful locations for sourcing centuries old rubble.

To find bricks, he seeks out old buildings that are being demolished and scours old work sites

Cumbernauld is stamped in Spanish with 'Made in Scotland' for the South American market

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Mr Cranston said: 'Over time I've met other folk out and about, online and through email. They look for bricks for me or send me photographs and drop me hints of buildings coming down. 'There's also other people who've once had a brick collection and donated them to me. 'I've got over 3,000 Scottish bricks and about 450 English, Welsh and foreign bricks. Scotland was a huge producer and it was massive for the UK.' Mr Cranston has racked up around 75 per cent of his collection through his own excursions and 25 per cent from kind donations. And collecting is a family affair, as Mr Cranston's wife Karen, 47, son Jonathon, 28, and daughter Hannah, 30, have also got involved with his brick hunting. He said: 'My son and daughter have been out and picked up a brick here or there and my wife tolerates it and she's also been out on brick hunts with me before. 'I've never been out on a trip and not came back with anything. It takes up a lot of time but it's a passion.' Share or comment on this article: Retired police sergeant keeps collection of 3,500 bricks in his garden shed https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7451773/Retired-police-sergeant-keeps-collection-3-500-bricks-garden-shed.html

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Met chief Cressida Dick says she was 'outraged' by Line of Duty for presenting the police as corrupt and found Bodyguard 'ludicrous'

• Dame Cressida Dick has revealed she was 'outraged' by the BBC's Line of Duty

• The Met Police commissioner even switched off Bodyguard after 20 minutes

• But she said that both series 'actually make us look a bit cool and interesting'

By Aalisha Rouse for The Daily Mail Published: 01:21 BST, 24 September 2019 | Updated: 01:44 BST, 24 September 2019 They are two of the nation's favourite crime dramas, which had TV viewers gripped for weeks. But Met Police Commissioner Dame Cressida Dick has revealed she was 'outraged' by the BBC's Line of Duty, and even switched off the 'ludicrous' Bodyguard. The series, both written by Jed Mercurio, became ratings hits for BBC One, and won numerous awards.

Steve, played by Martin Compston; Hastings, played by Adrian Dunbar; and Kate, played by Vicky McClure, are pictured above. Cressida Dick revealed she sat next to McClure at an awards evening and decided to watch the drama Dame Cressida said she sat next to Line of Duty star Vicky McClure at an awards show and was inspired to give the drama a try. Clearly unimpressed by both programmes, the police chief, 58, told the Radio Times: 'I found myself sitting next to the lead actor [Vicky McClure] at an event and I thought she was quite interesting and so I thought, 'I'd better watch a bit of this'. 'But I was absolutely outraged by the level of casual and extreme corruption that was being portrayed as the way the police is in 2018-19. 'It's so far from that. The standards and the professionalism are so high. But I could see that it was good drama.' But she admitted that she was far more irritated by the Bodyguard, which starred Richard Madden as an officer protecting the Home Secretary, played by Keeley Hawes. 'It drove everybody round here absolutely up the wall!' Dame Cressida said.

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Met Police commissioner Dame Cressida Dick has revealed she was 'outraged' by the BBC's Line of Duty, and even switched off the 'ludicrous' Bodyguard13

'I actually did have to switch it off after about 20 minutes - the moment when the Home Secretary made a pass at the Protection Officer was just beyond me, I'm afraid. 'But both series actually make us look a bit cool and interesting - a net positive, probably. They bring in interest and applications. Even though it's all completely ludicrous.' In the programme, Miss Hawes' character has passionate sex with her protection officer, played by James Bond hopeful Madden, in a hotel room. She also explained that BBC One's police documentary, The Met: Policing London, had also helped to increase recruitment to the service. While her number one operational priority is to reduce violence, she explained she also wanted to increase public confidence in the police.

'I do believe that the more people know, the better it is', Dame Cressida said of having a documentary made. 'So we've nothing to hide. These are good documentary-makers, and we get lots of interest from people as a consequence of it. People wanting to volunteer with us and get involved.' Speaking about her home life, Dame Cressida revealed it was often difficult to talk to her partner Helen, who has now retired from the police force, due to operational privacy. 'Actually, we did talk shop a bit,' she admitted. 'When we were both policing, we had some pretty strong Chinese walls about what we did talk about. So, when I was working in counter-terrorism, I never, ever would have dreamt of talking about something that was sensitive or secret. But the idea that in order to stay sane you never talk about the job... no. We found that on occasion it was quite handy to be able to say, 'It's been a tough old day'.' Asked whether the couple plan to marry, she replied: 'God! Ha! I don't know. Watch this space.'

She admitted that she was far more irritated by the Bodyguard, which starred Richard Madden as an officer protecting the Home Secretary, played by Keeley Hawes, who are both pictured above

Share or comment on this article: Met chief Cressida Dick says she was 'outraged' by Line Of Duty https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7496807/Met-chief-Cressida-Dick-says-outraged-Line-Duty.html

13 Ek het beide reekse op Netflix gekyk – ek het gedink dit was “goeie vermaak” - HBH.

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Isle of Man

Isle of Man Constabulary

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia14

Isle of Man Constabulary

Meoiryn-Shee Ellan Vannin

Agency overview

Formed September, 1863

Annual budget £15 million[1]

Jurisdictional structure

Operations jurisdiction Isle of Man

14 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Constabulary (13-09-2019)

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Isle of Man Constabulary area

Size 572 square kilometres (221 sq. mi.)

Population 80,000

General nature • Civilian police

Headquarters Douglas

Sworn members 200

Agency executive • Gary Roberts, Chief Constable

Divisions 4

Facilities

Stations 4

Website

www.iompolice.im/

The Isle of Man Constabulary (Manx: Meoiryn-Shee Ellan Vannin) is the national police service of the Isle of Man, an island of 80,000 inhabitants, situated approximately equidistant from Northern Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England. Structures and deployment The force has about 236 officers in its establishment. As the Isle of Man is not a part of the United Kingdom, the Constabulary is responsible to the Minister of Home Affairs of the Isle of Man Government. Nevertheless, the service volunteers itself for inspection by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) for England and Wales. The force is split into five neighbourhood policing teams (NPTs). Northern NPT covers the North of the island: Ramsey, Andreas, Bride, Ballaugh, Lezayre, Maughold, Jurby. Western NPT covers Patrick, German, Michael, and Peel. Southern NPT covers the airport, Ballasalla, Castletown, Port St Mary, and Port Erin. Eastern NPT covers Braddan, Laxey, Lonan, and Onchan. Douglas NPT covers the borough of Douglas. Each NPT is controlled by an inspector who has established a partnership with the local community to help solve issues affecting the local area. A major event for the force is the annual TT races. The constabulary's headquarters are in Douglas. The present Chief Constable is Gary Roberts. Uniform

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The distinctive white Isle of Man police helmet. In terms of uniform, the force looks very similar to police in the United Kingdom, apart from the Isle of Man custodian helmets worn by male constables and sergeants. White helmets were introduced in 1960 as a summer alternative to the older black helmets (partly for tourism reasons).[2] White helmets were used as a summer option in other police forces (including Brighton, Southend-on-Sea and Swansea Borough Police forces; Peterborough City Police; the Metropolitan Police's band; and the New Zealand Police), but this practice ceased in the UK in 1969 and in New Zealand in the 1990s. The white helmet is now worn year-round by officers on foot patrol. Officers on mobile patrol tend to wear peaked caps. Officers of the rank of sergeant and above may carry a "signalling stick" when on foot patrol. This is in effect an additional rank indicator. Until very recently constables "acting up" in the rank of sergeant were referred to as "carrying the stick". If the "acting" was only short term, the stick was often the only indicator of their additional responsibilities. Social media presence The Isle of Man Constabulary have started to use social media, predominantly Twitter. Controversies During the tenure of Mike Culverhouse, the force was involved in the Manx Bugging Scandal, and almost all senior officers except the Chief Constable were either suspended, retired or dismissed due to the uncovering of widespread bugging. Rank structure The rank structure of the Isle of Man Constabulary follows the practice of United Kingdom county (as opposed to metropolitan) territorial police forces, except that there are no ranks of chief superintendent or assistant chief constable. There are usually one superintendent and three chief inspectors, who take responsibility, respectively, for local neighbourhood policing, island-wide

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policing, and motorsport policing. The last of these largely covers the TT races and associated motorsports activities.

Isle of Man Police ranks

Rank Police

Constable

Sergeant

Inspector

Chief Inspect

or

Super- intend

ent

Deputy Chief

Constable

Chief Constable

Insignia

For a comparison of these ranks with other British police forces see Police ranks of the United Kingdom.

Chief Officers Chief Constable Gary Roberts, 2013 – present Chief Constable Mike Langdon, 2008–2013 Deputy Chief Constable Gary Roberts, 2008–2013 Chief Constable Mike Culverhouse, 1999–2007 Deputy Chief Constable Mike Langdon, 2005–2007 Deputy Chief Constable Neil Kinrade, 2000–2005 Deputy Chief Constable Alan Cretney 1995-2000 Chief Constable Robin Oake, 1986–1999 Deputy Chief Constable Alan Cretney 1995-2000 Chief Constable Frank Weedon, 1972–1986 Chief Constable Christopher Beaty-Pownall, 1955–1972 Superintendent Alfred Kelly MBE Chief Constable Major John Young, 1936–1954 Chief Constable Colonel H W Madoc MVO, 1911–193615 Deputy Chief Constable John Thomas Quilliam, -1920 Chief Constable William Freeth, MVO 1888–1911 Chief Constable Lieutenant Colonel William Paul, 1878–1888 Deputy Chief Constable William Boyde Deputy Chief Constable John Cain Deputy Chief Constable Thomas Cringle Deputy Chief Constable Richard Duke Deputy Chief Constable Charles Joshua Faragher Deputy Chief Constable William Faragher

15 Served in South Africa in the SA Constabulary and in the Transvaal Police – See elsewhere in this edition – HBH.

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Emergency services on the Isle of Man Isle of Man Ambulance Service Isle of Man Civil Defence Corps Isle of Man Coastguard Isle of Man Constabulary Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service St John Ambulance non-governmental charity Isle of Man Airport Police See also Aerial roof markings Fraud Squad (UK) Isle of Man Airport Police References ^ Isle of Man Constabulary – Baseline Assessment, October 2006. ^ Police History - Isle of Man Constabulary External links Official website

Panama

Anti-narcotics police in Panama burn 26 tons of cocaine and marijuana in biggest drugs destruction in country's history, sending plumes of black smoke into the air

The massive haul of cocaine and marijuana has been seized by the authorities in different operations between June and September. The drugs were likely destined for the US where they

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would have been sold for tens of millions of dollars. But instead they were burnt in a large fire by the anti-narcotics team who made sure to wear protective clothing to prevent them inhaling the toxic fumes. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7490425/Anti-narcotics-police-Panama-burn-26-tons-cocaine-marijuana.html

Greece

Greek police arrest man accused of brutal killing of US Navy diver whose body was dumped on Beirut airport tarmac during 17-day hijacking of TWA flight 847 in 1985

The terror suspect was arrested by Greek police on the island of Mykonos after he arrived on a cruise ship. The 65-year-old man had been arrested in Germany in 1987 but was exchanged for hostages. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7489275/Greek-police-arrest-man-suspected-1985-TWA-hijacking.html Lüderitz (HBH)

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DEFENCE INTERNATIONAL

WW2

SS Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Luitpold Himmler: 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany. Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and a main architect of the Holocaust. As a member of a reserve battalion during World War I, Himmler did not see active service. He studied agronomy in university, and joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925. In 1929, he was appointed Reichsführer-SS by Adolf Hitler. Over the next 16 years, he developed the SS from a mere 290-man battalion into a million-strong paramilitary group, and, following Hitler's orders, set up and controlled the Nazi concentration camps. He was known for good organisational skills and for selecting highly competent subordinates, such as Reinhard Heydrich in 1931. From 1943 onwards, he was both Chief of German Police and Minister of the Interior, overseeing all internal and external police and security forces, including the Gestapo (Secret State Police). Himmler had a lifelong interest in occultism, interpreting Germanic neopagan and Völkisch beliefs to promote the racial policy of Nazi Germany, and incorporating esoteric symbolism and rituals into the SS.

On Hitler's behalf, Himmler formed the Einsatzgruppen and built extermination camps. As facilitator and overseer of the concentration camps, Himmler directed the killing of some six million Jews, between 200,000 and 500,000 Romani people, and other victims; the total number of civilians killed by the regime is estimated at eleven to fourteen million people. Most of them were Polish and Soviet citizens.

Late in World War II, Hitler briefly appointed him a military commander and later Commander of the Replacement (Home) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the entire Third Reich (Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung). Specifically, he was given command of the Army Group Upper Rhine and the Army Group Vistula; he failed to achieve his assigned objectives and Hitler replaced him in these posts. Realising the war was lost, Himmler attempted to open peace talks with the western Allies without Hitler's knowledge, shortly before the end of the war. Hearing of this, Hitler dismissed him from all his posts in April 1945 and ordered his arrest. Himmler attempted to go into hiding, but was detained and then arrested by British forces once his identity became known. While in British custody, he committed suicide on 23 May 1945.

Historical assessment Peter Longerich observes that Himmler's ability to consolidate his ever-increasing powers and responsibilities into a coherent system under the auspices of the SS led him to become one of the most powerful men in the Third Reich. Historian Wolfgang Sauer says that "although he was pedantic, dogmatic, and dull, Himmler emerged under Hitler as second in actual power. His strength lay in a combination of unusual shrewdness, burning ambition, and servile loyalty to Hitler." In 2008, the German news magazine Der Spiegel described Himmler as one of the most brutal mass murderers in history, and the architect of the Holocaust.

Historian John Toland relates a story by Günter Syrup, a subordinate of Heydrich. Heydrich showed him a picture of Himmler and said, "The top half is the teacher but the lower half is the

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sadist." Historian Adrian Weale comments that Himmler and the SS followed Hitler's policies, without question or ethical considerations. Himmler accepted Hitler and Nazi ideology, and saw the SS as a chivalric Teutonic order of new Germans. Himmler adopted the doctrine of Auftragstaktik ("mission command"), whereby orders were given as broad directives, with authority delegated downward to the appropriate level to carry them out in a timely and efficient manner. Weale states that the SS ideology gave the men a doctrinal framework, and the mission command tactics allowed the junior officers leeway to act on their own initiative to obtain the desired results. 16

Old WW2 Photographs brought to life

SS-Oberführer Ludolf Hermann von Alvensleben, is at far left.

Artist: Klimbim

Source: WW2 Colourised Photos

Link:

https://www.facebook.com/pg/worldwarin

color/posts/?ref=notif

Comment: Old historic photographs

given a new and interesting lease of life!

16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler - (Sourced: 20 September 2019)

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INTELLIGENCE: INTERNATIONAL

Britain

We had ways of making them talk! In an intelligence sting to rival Bletchley Park, this brilliant British colonel took captured German generals to The Ritz, bugged their cells, planted spies among them — and promised to shoot any of his agents who let the cat out of the bag

• Helen Fry sheds light on the Trent Park intelligence operation of World War II

• Captured German generals were unaware that the mansion house was bugged

• The North London special operation was run by Thomas Joseph Kendrick

• Olivia Newton-John's father became one of the PoW’s conversation listeners By Nick Rennison for the Daily Mail Published: 22:01 BST, 5 September 2019 | Updated: 22:09 BST, 5 September 2019 BOOK OF THE WEEK THE WALLS HAVE EARS: THE GREATEST INTELLIGENCE OPERATION OF WORLD WAR II by Helen Fry (Yale £18.99, 320 pp) During World War II, captured German generals and other senior officers were taken to Trent Park, a mansion house in North London. On arrival, they were greeted by a one-legged Scottish aristocrat named Lord Aberfeldy. He was, he told them, their welfare officer and a second cousin of the king, who was very concerned that they should be treated well. But this was all an elaborate charade. Aberfeldy was no royal relative — he was an intelligence officer called Ian Munro, who also happened to be a very good actor. (Indeed, so enthusiastically did he threw himself into this role that, according to a colleague, ‘he became too grand to talk to any of us’ and ‘expected orderlies to address him as Your Lordship’.)

Helen Fry details the Trent Park intelligence operation of World War II led by Thomas Joseph Kendrick (pictured) in a fascinating new book

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His job was to butter up the generals and keep them happy. While Aberfeldy flattered them and brought them treats, they were less likely to notice what was unusual about Trent Park, which was that everything that could be bugged was. Hidden microphones were everywhere: in the light fittings, in the fireplaces, under the floorboards in the generals’ bedrooms. There were even some hung in the trees in the grounds. The whole place was wired for sound and, in rooms hidden from view, secret listeners tuned in to everything the Germans said. This was one of the most effective intelligence operations of the war, yet probably the least known. Its records have been declassified only over the past 20 years, and Helen Fry’s remarkable book throws new light on its workings. It was run by Thomas Joseph Kendrick, a man with 30 years’ worth of experience in the secret services behind him. While working as a British passport officer in 1938, he became the ‘Oskar Schindler of Vienna’, arranging for hundreds of Jews to leave Austria after the Nazi takeover. He was arrested, interrogated by the Gestapo and expelled from the country for espionage. Returning to London, he was the ideal commander for a new unit setting up a special bugging operation in the Tower of London. When war was declared, and the first German prisoners of war (PoWs) arrived — mostly Luftwaffe pilots and U-boat officers — Kendrick was ready. Early results were promising, although, very occasionally, one of the shrewder prisoners became suspicious. Wilhelm Meyer, a pilot shot down over the Thames in November 1939, asked a cellmate: ‘Do you think listening apparatus are built in here?’ But even Meyer finally decided he was being over-cautious. Most were blithely unsuspecting as Kendrick’s team recorded every word they said.

Trent Park, a mansion house in North London, was bugged in every way possible and had fake fellow prisoners alongside real PoWs to encourage conversation As the war went on, and more and more PoWs arrived, Kendrick expanded his work. Three more sites, including Trent Park, were fitted with cutting-edge recording technology shipped over from the Radio Corporation of America in New York. With Allied victories in North Africa, more senior German officers were taken captive. (There was, of course, a huge influx of high-ranking Wehrmacht personnel after D-Day.)

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As operations grew, Kendrick needed extra listeners. His interview techniques could be terrifying for candidates. He once handed a would-be recruit a pistol across his desk. ‘If you ever betray anything about this work,’ he said, ‘here is the gun with which I expect you to do the decent thing. If you don’t, I will.’ His original listeners were British-born, but fluent in German. Soon, because of the variety of accents and dialects they were encountering, he needed native German-speaking emigres, most of them driven into exile by the Nazis. They were the ‘King’s Most Loyal Enemy Aliens’, as one man sardonically described them. Kendrick also used ‘stool pigeons’ — fake fellow prisoners who joined real PoWs in their cells and subtly encouraged them to talk. One of these, a fluent German speaker, was the father of singer and actress Olivia Newton-John. Another, whose name has never been revealed, was a former inmate of Belsen, imprisoned for his political views. After release, he had been conscripted into the German army and then captured by the British.

Thomas Joseph Kendrick's listeners (pictured) never set eyes on a single German PoW, but eavesdropped on more than 10,000 Unsurprisingly, his loyalty to the Nazi regime was non-existent. He was one of the first to reveal the horrors going on in the camps. But Kendrick’s greatest successes were with the generals at Trent Park. The more senior they were, the more they knew (and could unwittingly reveal) about the German war effort. Many of them were eccentric, arrogant parodies of the Prussian officer class. One, Lieutenant-General Gotthard Frantz, wore a monocle at all times, even under sunglasses, and went to bed with all his medals on. Some seem a little stupid. ‘We have the best generals and we are losing the war!’ one was heard to exclaim in utter bafflement. As Fry wryly comments: ‘Clearly, talking too much within earshot of the hidden microphones may have had something to do with that.’ Others, more sensitive and intelligent, became severe critics of the Nazis — although toasts were still raised on Hitler’s birthday. ‘Pity it has to be English beer,’ remarked one of the generals.

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THE WALLS HAVE EARS: THE GREATEST INTELLIGENCE OPERATION OF WORLD WAR II by Helen Fry (Yale £18.99, 320 pp) Rivalries developed at Trent Park between pro-Nazis and those utterly disillusioned with the progress of the war. Kendrick’s methods of dealing with the generals was unusual, to say the least. As well as listening in on their every conversation, he took to wining and dining them. There were even lunch trips to Simpson’s on the Strand. When Winston Churchill found out about this, he was furious and had them stopped — so Kendrick relocated the lunches to The Ritz. Helen Fry likens the atmosphere at Trent Park to a traditional London gentleman’s club. Living a life of relative luxury, with their egos stroked and sense of self-importance encouraged, they relaxed — and played straight into Kendrick’s hands. However unorthodox his operation, it worked. His listeners never set eyes on a single German PoW, but eavesdropped on more than 10,000. They picked up enormously valuable intelligence on the secret weapons programme that produced the V1 and V2 rockets; on battle plans and troop positions; and on U-boat bases and new aircraft technology. ‘You have done a Herculean task,’ Kendrick was told towards the end of the war. It was on a par with the better-known work at Bletchley Park. Helen Fry’s richly researched book, brimful of surprising and fascinating detail, will bring the secret listeners some of the attention they deserve. Share or comment on this article: We had ways of making them talk! British colonel bugged their cells, planted spies among them. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/books/article-7432143/We-ways-making-talk-British-colonel-bugged-cells-planted-spies-them.html

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Britain's top female spy is head of new 'online SAS': Oxbridge graduate who worked for GCHQ will run National Cyber Force of 3,000 hackers to combat digital threats to UK

• Female spy in her mid-forties is to lead new offensive cyber warfare agency

• National Cyber Force is joint venture of GCHQ and MoD to employ 3,000 staff

• Plan follows a series of state-sponsored attacks on UK in the past two years

• Agency will have £250m budget but it is yet to be decided where it will be based By William Cole for Mailonline Published: 12:10 BST, 8 September 2019 | Updated: 12:13 BST, 8 September 2019 Britain's top female spy is to take charge of a new cyber warfare agency to 'combat opponents' to UK interests in the digital world. The operative, unidentified for security reasons, is an Oxbridge graduate in her mid-forties who holds a strong career working for GCHQ, the UK's intelligence agency. She will run the National Cyber Force, a new joint venture between GCHQ and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) to act as the SAS' online equivalent.

Britain's top female spy is to take charge of a new cyber warfare agency to 'combat opponents' to UK interests in the digital world in a a new joint venture between GCHQ and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) A Whitehall official told the Sunday Times: 'The specialist who will be running the National Cyber Force (NCF) is not only the best woman cyber-spy in Britain, but the best offensive cyber-spy this country has. Period. 'She is a highly experienced operator who is very well versed in military operations.' The official's new agency will have a budget of £250m and will initially be staffed by 500 hackers, which will gradually increase to 3,000 by 2030. The idea behind the agency is to perform proactive and retaliatory attacks against states which have previously been accused of hacking huge databases and promoting fake news on social media.

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The idea behind the agency is to perform proactive and retaliatory attacks against states which have previously been accused of hacking huge databases and promoting fake news on social media It will also shut down digital platforms used by terrorists and criminals. The NCF is said to take inspiration from US Cyber Command, which earlier this year managed to hack into the systems controlling Iran's missiles. The move was in retaliation to Tehran shooting down a US drone. General Sir Richard Barrons, former head of the Joint Forces Command, said of the cyber-force: 'It’s a fundamentally important capability in the digital age'. He added that the UK needed to operate 'at the highest levels of cyber-capabilities to be able to combat what our opponents are doing'. No decision has been about whether the agency could add to the expansive Cheltenham site of GCHQ or at the MoD's offices on Whitehall, or whether it could have its own new facility. It is expected to launch late this year. Read more: Female spy to net terrorists as head of ‘cyber-SAS’ | News | The Sunday Times Share or comment on this article: Oxbridge grad who worked for GCHQ to run National Cyber Force of 3,000 hackers https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7440221/Oxbridge-grad-worked-GCHQ-run-National-Cyber-Force-3-000-hackers.html

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The gravedigger of British spies: Author STEVE VOGEL on MI6 double agent George Blake, 96, who still lives near Moscow - but loathes Putin's regime and is trapped in a hell of his own making

• George Blake spent a decade passing Western secrets to the KGB

• A prolific Cold War traitor, Blake had been sentenced to 42 years in prison Just five years after entering 'The Scrubs', he made an infamous escape By Steve VogeL for the Mail on Sunday Published: 01:17 BST, 22 September 2019 | Updated: 01:22 BST, 22 September 2019

In the dim light of the Wormwood Scrubs arc lamps, George Blake could see a rope ladder sailing

over the wall towards him.

The slender rungs writhed for a brief moment before the ladder settled and hung motionless.

Handmade from knitting-needles and lengths of nylon clothes line, it looked fragile but, as Blake

himself would later say: 'The moment I saw it I knew nothing now would stop me.'

A prolific Cold War traitor, Blake had been sentenced to 42 years in prison, the longest term in

modern British history, with no prospect of early release.

ESCAPE: Blake in the 1960s. A prolific Cold War traitor, Blake had been sentenced to 42 years in prison, the longest term in modern British history, with no prospect of early release

But now, just five years after entering 'The Scrubs', he was making an infamous escape.

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On October 22, 1966, as his fellow prisoners finished watching a film, Blake slipped out of the main

building through a carefully prepared hole in a window, climbed down a drainpipe and concealed

himself in the darkness of a recess.

Then, with no patrols in sight, he grabbed the flimsy ladder and scrambled up the perimeter wall to

freedom.

George Blake spent a decade passing Western secrets to the KGB, a torrent of information

including, unforgivably, the names of men and women working for British intelligence behind the Iron

Curtain.

Codenamed Agent Diomid, the Soviets regarded Blake as so valuable that even the head of the

KGB in London, the 'rezident', knew nothing of his activities.

I have spent five years sifting through previously unseen documents in British, American and

German archives, conducting interviews with dozens of key figures, including Blake himself.

And what emerges is not just the enormous scale of his espionage and the depth of his

commitment, but the extraordinary damage he did to Britain and the West.

Blake was particularly well-suited to spying.

The son of a Dutch woman and a Turkish citizen who had fought for the British Empire, he had a

cosmopolitan background, experience in hazardous situations and a facility for languages, including

Russian, German, French, and Dutch.

After the Nazi German conquest of the Netherlands in 1940, Blake, still a schoolboy there, served

heroically, delivering messages for the resistance.

In 1942, he made a daring escape from occupied Europe through France and Spain before reaching

England, where he joined the Royal Navy – and where his potential was spotted by the Secret

Intelligence Services (SIS), also known as MI6.

In 1949, Blake was posted to Korea, his mission to spy on the Soviets in the Far East.

The following year, however, he was captured by the Russian-backed North Korean army which

invaded the south and engulfed the peninsula in war.

And it was during his three years in captivity that he took a monumental decision: for reasons he

would always describe as purely ideological, Blake offered his services to the Soviet Union. The

effects would prove to be devastating.

Blake's career of treachery began in earnest in London on September 1, 1953, in a Georgian

mansion at 2 Carlton Gardens near St James's Park.

He had been assigned to work in a special section of the Secret Intelligence Service, established to

exploit the potential of penetrating the Soviet Union by tapping its telephone landlines.

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CAREER OF TREACHERY: George Blake sitting in the kitchen of his dacha

The project needed a deputy who spoke good Russian and Blake fitted the bill. His KGB controllers

must have been delighted, as the role put him at the heart of many top-secret operations then

underway in Europe.

Blake's modus operandi was surprisingly straightforward: he photographed what documents he

could, then passed them to his Russian handler at rendezvous near North London Tube stations or

on the top deck of double decker buses.

He had been given a small Minox camera to snap photos of any interesting documents that landed

on his desk – and many did.

He waited until the secretaries next door to his office were at lunch, or he would stay late, leaving

the door of his office open so he could hear at once if anyone entered the outer room.

Occasionally, with larger reports, he found it easier to simply take away the whole document. The

elderly watchman at the door never checked anyone's briefcase.

Now and then he saw his handler for quick 'brush passes', wordlessly handing over undeveloped

film or documents as they passed on narrow streets. Every three or four weeks, they would meet to

talk.

Blake was so prolific that he helped bring about what the Russians described as the 'complete

elimination' of the Western spy networks in East Germany during the years 1953 to 1955.

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In April 1955, he arrived in Berlin for a new SIS posting, ahead of his British wife Gillian who had no

idea she was married to a Soviet spy.

His new official assignment was also highly sensitive: to penetrate the KGB headquarters there.

Blake was given the job of making contact with Russians in East Berlin, Soviet intelligence officers in

particular, with the goal of recruiting them as agents. But his real work was for the Soviets, and it

was not just documents that George Blake was turning over to the KGB.

It was names as well – the identities of agents working for SIS. Most of them were East Germans,

though they included Soviets and other nationalities. As with the documents, Blake could not put a

number on how many agents he betrayed.

'I can't say, but it must have been maybe 500, 600,' he later said.

By 1960, Blake had had enough. Hoping to leave espionage behind, he gained a posting to

Lebanon to learn Arabic – but it was too late.

After years of treachery, he had himself been exposed by a Polish defector. Lured back to London in

1961, Blake was arrested and, during his interrogation, confessed.

His wife, Gillian, was horrified, she said, at 'the unbelievable news that this man, to whom I have

been so happily married for nearly seven years, was in prison awaiting trial as a Russian spy.'

Pleading guilty to five charges of breaking the Official Secrets Act at the Old Bailey, Blake had

expected to receive a maximum sentence of 14 years, but Lord Parker, the Lord Chief Justice of

England and Wales, had an unpleasant surprise in store.

'Your conduct in many other countries would undoubtedly carry the death penalty,' he said.

'In our law, however, I have no option but to sentence you to imprisonment, and for your traitorous

conduct extending over so many years there must be a very heavy sentence.'

Parker imposed a sentence of 14 years for each count, three of them to run consecutively and two

of them concurrently, 42 years in all. There were audible gasps in the courtroom.

Escape came naturally to Blake. During his 1,000-mile journey across Europe in the war, he had

jumped off a moving train in Belgium to evade German soldiers and trekked across the snowy

Pyrenees on a mule trail.

By 1965, he had finally realised that the KGB were not going to get him out of the dingy Victorian

confines of Wormwood Scrubs.

If he was going to be freed, he needed people who were still on the inside but due to be released

soon, who could co-ordinate a plan.

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He settled on Sean Aloyisious Bourke, an Irishman with an anti-authoritarian bent who was serving

an eight-year sentence for attempting to kill a police officer.

He also enlisted the help of Pat Pottle and Michael Randle, two idealistic anti-nuclear campaigners

he'd met in the prison's music appreciation class.

Bourke planned to make a rope ladder to scale the 20-foot wall, but wooden rungs would make it

heavy and noisy, so Randle's wife Anne proposed making the rungs with knitting needles.

A size 13 needle, made of steel and coated in plastic, would be strong enough to hold a man yet

add little weight, she suggested.

Bourke bought nylon clothes line at Woolworths, and then went to a nearby shop to buy the needles.

'I'll have 30,' he told the sales clerk.

Incredulous, she raised her eyebrows and said: 'Your wife must be doing a lot of knitting.' Bourke

made last-minute preparations, buying a second-hand television he could use to monitor the news

and some clothes that Blake could wear.

The escape was set for the evening of Saturday, October 22, when the other inmates would be

watching a film and well away from D Hall, the block housing Blake.

A few days in advance, another prisoner – an expert at breaking and entering – had loosened two

panes of glass from the tall Gothic-style window that took up much of the exterior wall and Blake

now had possession of a walkie-talkie, smuggled in for him so that he could talk to the newly free

Bourke.

As darkness fell, Blake slipped out through the window, made his way to the edge of the roof and

dropped to the ground, telling Bourke over the radio that he was ready for the ladder.

But Bourke sounded agitated.

'Hang on just a sec,' he replied. 'I am up against an unexpected snag.' A security guard in a van was

driving down the road and evidently thought there was something suspicious about a car parked so

near the prison wall – Bourke's.

He stopped his van and stepped out, holding a large Alsatian guard dog on a leash. He stared in at

Bourke, making no attempt to hide his suspicions.

Spooked, Bourke drove off. But after driving a circuit, he returned to find the van gone and finally

radioed Blake.

Bourke could hear great anxiety in Blake's voice. 'Well, I'm already out of the hall and waiting for that

ladder! The men are back from the cinema. The patrol might come along any moment. Hurry!'

Bourke pulled the ladder out of the car boot. He climbed on to the roof of his car, swung the folded

ladder with his right arm three times and then tossed it over the wall.

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Blake tumbled awkwardly and smashed his head on the gravel when he made it over the wall, but

Bourke dragged him to the car, opened the rear door and pushed him into the back seat.

Rain was beating down on the car as they drove away. Bourke put his foot down.

Blake's forehead was bleeding, his left wrist was broken and bent at an ugly angle, but he was too

elated to feel much pain.

A huge manhunt failed to find him. While the country's ports were watched and his photograph was

displayed on television and the front pages, Blake was lying low in a nearby bedsit.

He was eventually smuggled across the Channel by Randle in a camper van, then across northern

Europe and through West Germany to the border crossing. In East Germany, he identified himself to

the border guards and completed his escape to Russia.

Arrving in Moscow in January 1967, Blake did not take long to recognise that communism in the

Soviet Union was an utter failure. The deprivations of The Scrubs prepared him well for the endless

shortages.

Two months after his arrival, he discovered Gillian had been granted a divorce in his absence.

Blake stayed at first in a spacious KGB apartment with a housekeeper to prepare his meals.

He spent his days writing long memos for the authorities, compiling information he had been unable

to pass on before his arrest, as well as details of how the British had interrogated him.

Life improved markedly when, on a Volga riverboat cruise in the spring of 1968, he met Ida, a

Russian woman who worked as a French translator for an economics institution.

The two settled down together in a spacious apartment organised by the KGB and Blake was given

privileges and medical benefits similar to a military general.

After the birth of their son, Mischa, in 1971, he was presented with a dacha, a holiday home, in the

countryside around Moscow.

For more than 30 years he worked at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, a

leading Moscow think-tank.

When the Berlin Wall came down and the Cold War ended, Blake seemed to think he would be

forgiven back home. He was soon disabused.

In fact, according to Markus Wolfe, the head of the former East German spy agency, lifting the Iron

Curtain served only to shrink Blake's world still further.

He was left to 'live out a withdrawn life in an adopted homeland that had abandoned his cause'.

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Today, aged 96, his eyesight has faded to the point that he is nearly blind. Many former KGB

officers have dachas in the area and neighbours are protective.

Blake's wooden house is on a corner plot behind a tall fence and is watched over by a friendly

caretaker with a beret, and a small white schnauzer, Plushka.

Inside the four-bedroom dacha the decor is simple and it is kept cosy all year round by central

heating.

Blake still ventures out for walks with Ida, 13 years his junior, hunched over and holding her arm.

Because his eyesight is so poor, he can no longer watch the BBC via satellite as he used to, so Ida

reads to him.

In addition to Mischa, Blake occasionally sees his three English sons, who with Gillian's blessing

began visiting their father in the 1980s and are now close to him.

Blake is an honoured figure in Russia, decorated with medals for his espionage, including the Order

of Friendship medal in 2007 presented by his admirer, President Putin.

He is lionised by the Russian press, which calls him the 'grave digger of British intelligence', and

carries his occasional pronouncements on the state of the world, usually made during annual

birthday interviews with official organs.

'The American empire will disappear because everyone who lives by the sword dies from the sword,'

he told Izvestia, the official government newspaper, in 2010.

Blake's 90th birthday, on November 11, 2012, was a big event, attended by all of his children.

In the afternoon came a congratulatory call from Putin, who saluted Blake for his 'enormous

contribution to the preservation of peace', declaring that the spy had earned a place in the

'constellation of strong and courageous men'.

Yet the praise from Putin is a source of discomfort for Blake. He has told friends that he loathes the

Russian president and the cynical and violent authoritarian rule he has imposed.

Today, in describing his espionage, Blake clings to the fanciful idea that none of the hundreds he

betrayed ever came to serious harm. 'I challenge anybody . . . to name one who has been

executed,' he wrote.

But according to KGB general Oleg Kalugin, who oversaw Blake in Moscow, he has an 'innocent

mind'. Kalugin recalled that Blake told him several times that the KGB had promised that none of

those he identified had been shot.

'He clung naively to that belief, and I didn't have the heart to tell him that his work led directly to the

deaths of dozens of agents behind the Iron Curtain,' Kalugin wrote.

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Thanks to the astonishing scale of George Blake's treachery, the Soviets received invaluable

information about Western intelligence, its organisation and the people working for it.

And thanks to Blake, they knew from the very start about the audacious plan to build a clandestine

Berlin spy tunnel right under the feet of our Cold War adversaries – a remarkable story to be

recounted in next week's Mail on Sunday.

© Steve Vogel, 2019

• Betrayal In Berlin by Steve Vogel is published by John Murray on Tuesday, priced £25.

Offer price £20 (20 per cent discount) until October 15. To order call 01603 648155 or go to

mailshop.co.uk Share or comment on this article: The gravedigger of British spies: Author STEVE VOGEL on MI6 double agent George Blake https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7490347/The-gravedigger-British-spies-Author-STEVE-VOGEL-MI6-double-agent-George-Blake.html

MI5 missed crucial chances to shut down a Russian spy ring stealing British naval secrets, four years before it was discovered because tip-off came from 'disgruntled wife' • Ex-wife of agent Harry Houghton informed employers he was sharing secrets

• Despite complaints to Admiralty she was dismissed as 'jealous, disgruntled wife'

• Portland spy ring would have been shut down had they acted on her concerns By Claire Ellicot Political Correspondent for the Daily Mail Published: 00:01 BST, 24 September 2019 | Updated: 07:46 BST, 24 September 2019 MI5 missed crucial opportunities to shut down a Russian spy ring stealing British naval secrets four years before it was discovered, the files reveal.

The ex-wife of agent Harry Houghton had informed his employers that he was 'divulging secret

information to people who ought not to get it'.

But despite her formal complaints to the Admiralty, she was dismissed as a 'jealous and disgruntled

wife', the files released by the National Archives reveal.

Had they acted on her concerns, the notorious Portland spy ring would have been shut down and

prevented important naval intelligence being sent to Russia, according to senior figures in MI5.

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The ex-wife of agent Harry Houghton had informed his employers that he was 'divulging secret information to people who ought not to get it' (Pictured: Harry and Ethel Gee)

Intelligence obtained by the KGB from the Portland Underwater Detection Establishment was

believed by the Admiralty to have helped the Soviet Union construct a new, more silent class of

submarine.

But the Admiralty failed to act despite certain classified files going missing and then being returned

'surreptitiously' in 1956 – some of which were thought to have been seen on Houghton's desk.

The files reveal: 'During the course of recent welfare enquiries, it is understood that Mrs Houghton

alleged that her husband was divulging secret information to people who ought not to get it.

'No further action other than discreet surveillance is being taken at this time. Hitherto there has been

no question of his integrity. It is considered not impossible that the whole of these allegations may

be nothing more than outpourings of a jealous and disgruntled wife.'

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Despite her formal complaints to the Admiralty, she was dismissed as a 'jealous and disgruntled wife' (Pictured: Harry Houghton and Ethel Gee)

Mrs Houghton said she saw Houghton with documents marked 'top secret'. She also found cameras

and microfilm hidden under the stairs.

A note from E M Furnival Jones, MI5's head of counter-espionage, in 1961 said: 'Looking at it

dispassionately now, I think it is clear that we ought to have carried out some investigation in 1956.'

In 1961, Houghton was jailed for 15 years. He was released in 1970 and died in 1985.

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Share or comment on this article: MI5 missed crucial chances to shut down a Russian spy ring https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7496603/MI5-missed-crucial-chances-shut-Russian-spy-ring.html

MI5 thought the Odeon cinema chain was a front for Russian spies, reveals newly classified National Archives file from 1940

• Arnold Deutsch who recruited the Cambridge spy ring cousin of Odeon owner

• Suspected Russian spies gave cinema owner as a reference when came to UK

• Further memos found Odeon owner had sought permission to employ his cousin

By Claire Ellicot Political Correspondent for The Daily Mail Published: 00:00 BST, 24 September 2019 | Updated: 02:01 BST, 24 September 2019

The Odeon cinema chain came under suspicion of being a front for Russian agents, newly-released

files reveal.

MI5 grew worried after it was discovered that Arnold Deutsch – who recruited the Cambridge spy

ring – was the cousin of the millionaire owner of the cinema company, Oscar Deutsch.

The top-secret Security Service file, dated 1940, notes that a number of suspected Russian spies

gave the cinema chain owner as a reference when they came to Britain.

'Now we find that a highly important Soviet agent is a cousin of Oscar Deutsch, and through Oscar

Deutsch obtained permission to remain here,' it adds.

MI5 grew worried after it was discovered that Arnold Deutsch - who recruited the Cambridge spy ring - was the cousin of the owner of Odeon, Oscar Deutsch (pictured)

Further files – released by the National Archives at Kew, west London, today – detailed how the

Soviet recruiter Arnold Deutsch had first approached the Cambridge graduate turned notorious spy

British traitor Kim Philby.

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In Philby's own words he describes how met Deutsch on a bench in Regent's Park, in the first of

their 'open air' meetings, where he asked him to suggest others for the KGB to recruit, reports The

Times.

Philby writes: 'One of my earliest tasks was to give him details of all my communist friends in

Cambridge. This I did.'

Other documents reveal how the Odeon owner Oscar Deutsch had sought permission to employ his

cousin in the UK, Soviet recruiter Arnold, as an industrial psychologist on a salary of £250 a year.

He said that his cousin had made 'an intensive study of psychology in relation to the cinema' though

the files reveals they had never met.

But the Home Office rejected the application on the grounds that there should be 'no difficulty in

obtaining a qualified British psychologist for this post and therefore it was not considered that the

employment of the alien should be recommended'.

The top-secret Security Service file, dated 1940, notes that a number of suspected Russian spies gave the cinema chain owner as a reference when they came to Britain (Pictured: Odeon in Camden in 1937)

Civil servants also questioned what an industrial psychologist would do in a cinema. Arnold Deutsch,

codename Otto, recruited Kim Philby, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess.

Variously described as Austrian, Czech or Hungarian, he was an academic who studied psychology

at graduate level at the University of London, as his cover for espionage work.

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Oscar Deutsch was born in Balsall Heath, Birmingham, the son of a Hungarian scrap metal

merchant. He opened his first cinema in Brierley Hill, West Midlands, in 1928, and his chain grew

rapidly, but he died from cancer in 1941 aged only 48.

Odeon publicists liked to claim that the name of the cinemas was derived from his motto, 'Oscar

Deutsch Entertains Our Nation', but it had been used for cinemas in France and Italy in the 1920s.

Another memo reveals that the Ministry of Information employed Oscar Deutsch to circulate a

questionnaire to his managers – including suspected Soviet spies – asking how they felt about

aliens and fifth columnists.

It adds: 'I have for some times suspected Oscar Deutsch, not perhaps of himself carrying on Soviet

military espionage activity, but deliberately obtaining permits for this country for persons who were

with or without his knowledge engaged on that work.'

A report from 1940, addressed to a Mr Turner, states: 'It might be interesting to find out whether

[Oscar] Deutsch offered his services, or was approached by Ministry of Information. If he offered

them, I'll [be] still more suspicious of him.'

• Philby: I was the Kremlin's soldier

Britain's most treacherous spy Kim Philby once wrote that deciding to work for Russia was like 'joining the army'

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Newly released classified documents reveal how Britain's most treacherous spy helped recruit

numerous fellow British communists into the KGB - indicating that the 'Cambridge spy ring' could

have been much bigger than thought.

In a list provided by Kim Philby to the MI6 as he fled the country for Moscow in 1963, the spy

claimed he had urged the KGB to contact many of his contemporaries.

Names on the list of his recommendations to the group included fellow Cambridge students Donald

Maclean and Guy Burgess as well as previously unidentified individuals such as two scientists, a

journalist and a Labour politician's son.

Appearing on the list are; scientists Denis Stott, a distinguished child psychologist, and Wilfred

Leslie Stevens, a statistician; Journalist Fred Pateman, reporter and editor for The Daily Worker, a

communist newspaper; David Haden-Guest, the son of Labour MP Leslie Haden-Guest.

Despite being listed in the file no further information to suggest whether those individuals were

successfully recruited by the KGB has been made available - all four of the men above are believed

to have died.

Denis Stott (1909 - 1988) was a fellow Cambridge graduate awarded a double first in economics

and modern languages before becoming a German teacher at Rochester Mathematical School.

The teacher helped run a branch of the Communist Party later publishing a Marxist essay titled 'Can

Capitalism Last?', with MI6 likely opening a file on Scott following the publication of the essay,

reports The Times.

Bristol born Wilfred Leslie Stevens, Cambridge mathematics graduate and UCL Eugenics student,

worked in statistics at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and the Royal Navy. He died unexpectedly

in Brazil at the age of 47, reports The Times.

Another individual on the list David Haden-Guest (1911 - 1938) son of Labour MP Leslie Haden-

Guest, was again a Cambridge contemporary, reading mathematics.

His support for communism was known and he had been jailed for two weeks in Germany for 'anti-

Nazi' behaviour, reports The Times. He died while fighting with the communist International Brigades

aged 27 in the Spanish Civil War.

Fred Pateman (1911 - Unknown) also studied mathematics at Cambridge but took a different route

becoming a journalist turned news editor for the communist paper The Daily Worker.

His first name was mis-remembered as 'Tom' in Philby's retelling of events.

The list was handed to MI6 officer Nicholas Elliott in January 1963 as a part confession after the

intelligence service confronted Philby in Beirut with evidence of his betrayal of Britain.

He escaped from Lebanon just 11 days later on a Soviet freighter departing Beirut harbour to

Moscow, where he lived his remaining 25 years.

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Philby also wrote in the file marked 'Philby's notes' that deciding to work for Russia was like 'joining

the army', according to the intelligence files.

Kim Philby attempted to justify his decision to spy for the enemy by comparing it to carrying out

duties as a soldier.

The files reveal how the then university student was recruited as one of the Cambridge spies in the

1930s.

The 'self-confessed Russian intelligence agent' wrote of his recruitment: 'None of the OGPU [Soviet

secret police] officials with whom I had dealings ever attempted to win my total acceptance of the

party line.

'All they required was rigid adherence to instructions on the technical level. In short, I joined the

OGPU as one joined the army.'

The file is dated 1963, the year that Philby, a former MI6 officer, fled to Russia. He was the most

damaging of the Cambridge spy ring, and is thought responsible for hundreds of deaths.

• Missed chances to stop naval espionage ring

MI5 missed crucial opportunities to shut down a Russian spy ring stealing British naval secrets four

years before it was discovered, the files reveal.

The ex-wife of agent Harry Houghton had informed his employers that he was 'divulging secret

information to people who ought not to get it'.

But despite her formal complaints to the Admiralty, she was dismissed as a 'jealous and disgruntled

wife', the files released by the National Archives reveal.

Had they acted on her concerns, the notorious Portland spy ring would have been shut down and

prevented important naval intelligence being sent to Russia, according to senior figures in MI5.

The ex-wife of agent Harry Houghton had informed his employers that he was 'divulging secret information to people who ought not to get it' (Pictured: Harry Houghton and Ethel Gee)

Intelligence obtained by the KGB from the Portland Underwater Detection Establishment was

believed by the Admiralty to have helped the Soviet Union construct a new, more silent class of

submarine.

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But the Admiralty failed to act despite certain classified files going missing and then being returned

'surreptitiously' in 1956 – some of which were thought to have been seen on Houghton's desk.

The files reveal: 'During the course of recent welfare enquiries, it is understood that Mrs Houghton

alleged that her husband was divulging secret information to people who ought not to get it.

'No further action other than discreet surveillance is being taken at this time. Hitherto there has been

no question of his integrity. It is considered not impossible that the whole of these allegations may

be nothing more than outpourings of a jealous and disgruntled wife.'

Mrs Houghton said she saw Houghton with documents marked 'top secret'. She also found cameras

and microfilm hidden under the stairs.

A note from E M Furnival Jones, MI5's head of counter-espionage, in 1961 said: 'Looking at it

dispassionately now, I think it is clear that we ought to have carried out some investigation in 1956.'

In 1961, Houghton was jailed for 15 years. He was released in 1970 and died in 1985.

Read more: The Times view on Kim Philby and the Cambridge spy ring: Treason Acts | Comment | The Times https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7496559/MI5-thought-Odeon-cinema-chain-Russian-spies.html

Notorious British traitor Kim Philby recommended a string of fellow UK communists to his Russian spymasters, confession released for the first time reveals

• Kim Philby attempted to justify his decision to spy by comparing it to the army

• Intelligence files reveal how student was recruited as one of Cambridge spies

• File is dated 1963 which is the year Philby, a former MI6 officer, fled to Russia By Claire Ellicot Political Correspondent for the Daily Mail and Milly Vincent for Mailonline Published: 00:02 BST, 24 September 2019 | Updated: 01:58 BST, 24 September 2019

Newly released classified documents reveal how Britain's most treacherous spy helped recruit

numerous fellow British communists into the KGB - indicating that the 'Cambridge spy ring' could

have been much bigger than thought.

In a list provided by Kim Philby to the MI6 as he fled the country for Moscow in 1963, the spy

claimed he had urged the KGB to contact many of his contemporaries.

Names on the list of his recommendations to the group included fellow Cambridge students Donald

Maclean and Guy Burgess as well as previously unidentified individuals such as two scientists, a

journalist and a Labour politician's son, reports The Times.

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Appearing on the list are; scientists Denis Stott, a distinguished child psychologist, and Wilfred

Leslie Stevens, a statistician; Journalist Fred Pateman, reporter and editor for The Daily Worker, a

communist newspaper; David Haden-Guest, the son of Labour MP Leslie Haden-Guest.

After detailing his first meeting with soviet intelligence recruiter Arnold Deutsch, Philby wrote: 'One of

my earliest tasks was to give him details of all my communist friends in Cambridge. This I did. The

list included Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Stott, Stevens, David Haden-Guest, Tom Pateman, and

others whom I have now forgotten.'

Despite being listed in the file no further information to suggest whether those individuals were

successfully recruited by the KGB has been made available - all four of the men above are believe

to have died.

The list was handed to MI6 officer Nicholas Elliott in January 1963 as a part confession after the

intelligence service confronted Philby in Beirut with evidence of his betrayal of Britain.

He escaped from Lebanon just 11 days later on a Soviet freighter departing Beirut harbour to

Moscow, where he lived his remaining 25 years.

Philby also wrote in the file marked 'Philby's notes' that deciding to work for Russia was like 'joining

the army', according to the intelligence files.

Kim Philby attempted to justify his decision to spy for the enemy by comparing it to carrying out

duties as a soldier.

The files reveal how the then university student was recruited as one of the Cambridge spies in the

1930s.

The 'self-confessed Russian intelligence agent' wrote of his recruitment: 'None of the OGPU [Soviet

secret police] officials with whom I had dealings ever attempted to win my total acceptance of the

party line.

'All they required was rigid adherence to instructions on the technical level. In short, I joined the

OGPU as one joined the army.'

The file is dated 1963, the year that Philby, a former MI6 officer, fled to Russia. He was the most

damaging of the Cambridge spy ring, and is thought responsible for hundreds of deaths.

Read more: The Times view on Kim Philby and the Cambridge spy ring: Treason Acts | Comment | The Times Share or comment on this article: Notorious British traitor Kim Philby recommended fellow UK communists to his Russian spymasters https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7496589/Spying-Russians-like-joining-Army-boasted-British-traitor-Kim-Philby.html

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Rwanda

Moord op inligtingshoof in Suid-Afrika

Die nasionale vervolgingsgesag het lasbriewe uitgereik vir die inhegtenisneming van twee van die vier vermeende moordenaars van die voormalige Rwandese intelligensiehoof Patrick Karegeya wat gedurende 2013 vermoor is. Na 'n vertraging van bykans ses jaar het die NVG begin met die uitlewering van vermeende moordenaars Ismael Gafaranga en Alex Sugira, albei Rwandese burgers, van Rwanda, volgens adv. Gerrie Nel, hoof van AfriForum se private vervolgingseenheid. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-10-sa-seeks-extradition-of-alleged-assassins-of-rwandan-intelligence-chief/?tl_inbound=1&tl_groups[0]=80895&tl_period_type=3&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Afternoon%20Thing%20Tuesday%2010%20September%202019%20JBall&utm_content=Afternoon%20Thing%20Tuesday%2010%20September%202019%20JBall+CID_5d06260453cb2541a4f2483a294c64d9&utm_source=TouchBasePro&utm_term=SA%20seeks%20extradition%20of%20alleged%20assassins%20of%20Rwandan%20intelligence%20chief

USA - Rhodesia

How the CIA sold out Rhodesia to assist Mugabe to come to power: Wolfgang Witschas The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is notorious for meddling and manipulating in the internal affairs of other countries to suit the interests of the USA and also to be the sole beneficiary of the manipulated events. The CIA does not shy away from using any means to do, so even if these actions result in bloody conflict or civil war as long as the party, organisation or group, the CIA (actually the US President) backs, wins. The post-WWII US Administrations of Ike Eisenhower, JF Kennedy, LB Johnson, Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford where staunch anti-Communist and supported anti-Communist movements worldwide. The CIA had run numerous covert/clandestine operations in Africa especially during the 1960s and early 1970’s in Central and Southern Africa i.e. Belgian Congo and Angola. Jimmy Carter was elected President of the USA in 1976 and after resuming power in January 1977 he immediate changed the USA’s policy towards South Africa and the Southwest Africa issue, the civil war in Angola and the Rhodesian conflict were Communist backed forces, the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU-Communist China) and the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU PF- Russia) were involved in a “Liberation” struggle to topple the white Rhodesian Regime of Ian Smith. Having already abandoned South Africa’s effort in 1975/76 to fight for a democratic Government in Angola by withdrawing all US covert military and diplomatic assistance to South Africa and the Angolan anti-Communist movements FNLA and UNITA. South-Africa whose Operation Savannah in Angola was so successful that they nearly captured Luanda, the capital of Angola, had to withdraw back to the then South West Africa (SWA). Carter now turned to the Rhodesian conflict. Carter was fully aware that South Africa and the issue regarding SWA was a hard nut to crack so he turned his attention and his ultimate goal to start fulfilling his Foreign Policy on Africa by shifting his full attention to Rhodesia. Carter had the full backing of the “Black Caucus i.e. Andrew Young” in the house of representatives and lots of liberal Senators in the Senate. Carter’s man to take over Rhodesia was Robert Mugabe. The CIA sent two people to Rhodesia to bamboozle officers and soldiers to reveal vital military information regarding troop strength, areas of operations, etc. This information was obtained by emotionally “playing” the young and innocent soldiers of the Rhodesian armed forces to extract vital information which the CIA fed to Mugabe’s ZANU PF. The two US high profile people were

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Green Barret and Hero of the Vietnam war, Colonel Gillespie and Robin Moore, famous author of the book “Green Berets” which became a famous movie with the same name. Moore even played recordings of the very famous song “Green Berets, sung by Sergeant Barry Saddler” to emotionally influence young soldiers to reveal confidential military information unwittingly. Due to continuing international pressure and the deteriorating war against ZANU and ZAPU PF, Rhodesia was forced to accept the conditions of a negotiated settlement in accordance which the Lancaster House negotiation. The rest is history and the “Chickens came home to Roost” and Zimbabwe became a reality. Sources

• Information from a former member of the British South Africa Police (BSAP) Special Branch

and later Rhodesian Central Intelligence Organisation (CIO): Can only be identified as: S A

• General historic and intelligence knowledge of the compiler: 1981 - 2016

• Publication: Soldier of Fortune: February 2008 edition.

Israel

Revealed: Extraordinary true story of Mossad super-agent who had '17 lovers' and staged sex parties with beautiful women to steal secrets from Syria's elite - inspiring Sacha Baron Cohen's new Netflix blockbuster 'The Spy'

• Netflix miniseries 'The Spy' tells the story of Israel's most celebrated secret agent, Eli Cohen

• Cohen posed as a wealthy Syrian businessman to go behind enemy lines in Damascus and steal a cache of military intelligence

• He hosted sex parties for Syria's rich and powerful with beautiful women to get them to spill the country's secrets

• His role was crucial in Israel's defeat of Syria in the Six-Day War in June 1967

• He was hailed a hero before being caught red-handed sending transmissions back to Israel and executed

• Now his family has hit out out Netflix for portraying Cohen as a 'James Bond style' flamboyant womaniser in the new series

By Jake Wallis Simons Associate Global Editor In Tel Aviv, Israel, for Mailonline Published: 09:50 BST, 20 September 2019 | Updated: 15:27 BST, 20 September 2019

Eli Cohen's amazing life as Israel's best spy has been turned into a Netflix blockbuster The family of Mossad super-agent Eli Cohen today tell the real story of the man who inspired Sacha Baron Cohen's new Netflix blockbuster about his life.

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In the hit series, Israel's greatest-ever spy is shown as a 'philandering James Bond' with 17 lovers who got a cache of secrets out of Syria's rich and powerful by hosting orgies with beautiful women. But Cohen's eldest daughter says Netflix sensationalised her father's legacy of an incredible espionage career that ended abruptly in 1965 when he was exposed in Damascus and executed. Speaking to MailOnline from her home in Tel Aviv, Israel, Sofia Cohen said: 'The portrayal wasn't very deep or complex and it included many things that were from the director's imagination. 'It showed my father as a flamboyant, big-spending womaniser who took reckless risks because he had feelings of inferiority. 'In truth, my father was very sure of himself and very strong and happy with his life, he was not so poor and miserable. He was the best Mossad had. The drama was not a compliment for my father or my family.'

Cohen, with wife Nadia and his eldest daughter Sophia in 1961, was recruited from his dreary life as a clerk for an insurance firm and parachuted into Damascus to steal Syrian secrets

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Newly released pictures taken on a spy camera show Cohen in surveillance training in Tel Aviv for his secret mission after being recruited by Mossad where he is trying to avoid being seen

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His life of espionage began in Buenos Aries in 1961 where his cover story was that he was a successful Syrian businessman keen to go to Damascus. Picture: Cohen undercover in Syria

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His time in Argentina was to build up contacts and connections with influential people and provide a back story for when he entered Syria no one would know about his Israeli past

Cohen, played by Sacha Baron Cohen in the series, moved to Syria in 1961 and worked his way up the country's elite, sending military secrets home in coded transmissions to his Sophia, 59, a psychologist, said she and her mother Nadia were particularly upset at the idea that her father was a ladies' man who hosted debauched sex-parties for Syria's top brass. 'He wasn't extravagant and he didn't show off,' she said. 'He wasn't a womaniser. 'He was very modest and conservative in his way of living in every aspect of his life. As for the reports about his lovers, I don't want to know about this part of him. It was his job.'

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Cohen's daughter Sophia Ben-Dor (above) told MailOnline that she was upset by the portrayal of her spy father in the mini series Cohen became Israel's most celebrated spy after being recruited by the country's intelligence agency, Mossad, while working in Tel Aviv as a clerk with an insurance company. His cover story was that he was Kamel Amin Thaabet, an extremely successful Syrian businessman. Telling his family, he was employed as a furniture buyer for the Ministry of Defence, Cohen's espionage career began when he moved to Buenos Aires and made the contacts necessary to set himself up in Damascus. He moved to Syria in 1961 and worked his way up the country's elite, sending military secrets home in coded transmissions to his homeland. His intelligence from behind enemy lines was instrumental in Israel's defeat of Syria in the Six Day War. During a top-secret tour of the Golan Heights — one of the most important Syrian military sites on the border with Israel — Cohen offered to fund the planting of eucalyptus trees in key places to give troops shade and hide military fortifications from the Israelis.

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In 1961 Cohen left his family in Israel and set himself up in Buenos Aries to provide a cover story for his final destination in Syria. Newly-released Mossad files show pictures of the apartment where undercover agent lived at 375 Lavalle Street in the Argentine capital

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The block of flats in at 375 Lavalle Street, Buenos Aries, looks remarkably similar today to how it looked when Cohen was living there for a short period at the beginning of the Sixties

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While building his cover story in Buenos Aries, Cohen would often meet Syrian officials at Cafe Artaud as he posed as a wealthy exporter of furniture. Pictured: Mossad files show how the cafe looked while the secret agent operated there The Syrians thought it was a great idea and readily agreed. But after Cohen shared intelligence with his bosses, the trees ended up being used years later by the Israelis to target underground Syrian bases. Cohen became so trusted in Syria that at one point he was even offered a senior role in the country's Defence Ministry. But his incredible haul of military secrets came to an abrupt end in 1965, when Syrian counter-intelligence decided to smoke out any spies in their country. They called in spooks from Russia's feared KGB security services, who brought specialist radio equipment to the Middle East which was able to pinpoint secret broadcasts being made inside Damascus.

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Cohen's cache of intelligence from behind enemy lines in Damascus where he worked his way up in the Syria's social elite was instrumental in Israel's defeat of Syria in the Six Day War. Pictured: Cohen (second from the right) is seen working undercover in Beirut

Cohen was selected by Mossad for his mission because he spoke Arabic and his appearance could pass for Syrian. Pictured: A postcard written in French sent from Istanbul signed off with his code name Menashe

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Cohen sent coded transmissions and photos back to Israel, giving the security services Syrian military secrets. Pictured: A photo taken covertly by Cohen of a Syrian military parade The signal was coming from Cohen's home. When armed men kicked in his door to arrest him, they astonishingly found the deeply trusted Cohen in the middle of making a secret code transmission. Cohen had his fingernails ripped out and was hanged in Damascas Square. His body was covered with anti-Zionist slogans and left hanging for six hours. His body has never been returned home despite pleas from his family to bury him in Tel Aviv. Sophia gave MailOnline newly-released photos from Mossad files that show him during surveillance training in Tel Aviv in 1961. She also showed photos of a cafe in Buenos Aries where he met Syrian diplomats and where he lived in the Argentina capital. Sophia said she was surprised that Sacha Baron Cohen made no attempt to contact the family prior to filming. 'I think Sacha could have learned more if he had met me,' she said. 'But perhaps then it would have been another series. More accurate and maybe more deep.' She said the star bore a startling resemblance to her father despite being 6ft 2in when the super spy was a diminutive 5ft 6in. She added: 'Netflix used my father's life. But many people use him. He is a symbol in Israel and everybody I know uses him for their own reasons. 'There is a public image of Eli Cohen and I try to find my own father, the real person, because everyone colours it with their own agenda.' The real man she fondly remembers, she said, was very different from the Netflix character. 'He had a sense of humour,' she said. 'He was playful. He was a very, very responsible man. He was not brave like it shows in the series. 'He had very good artistic taste. He liked to dress well and look very nice. He was very loyal both to the Mossad and to his Arab friends, not disclosing their names even under torture.

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Cohen, played by the Ali G and Borat creator, hosted orgies in his Damascus flat for Syria's rich and powerful and pretended to drink while they spilled all of their military secrets

Cohen told his wife Nadia that he had got a job as a furniture buyer with the Syrian Ministry of Defence to explain why he would be spending so much time away from her, travelling overseas

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Cohen's daughter Sophia said that the family were unhappy with his portrayal as a flamboyant womaniser and accused Netflix of sensationalising her father's story. Pictured: Sacha baron Cohen is arrested in the series when he is unmasked as a Mossad spy working in Syria 'He was very lovable. They loved him. He was quiet. He was a very solitary man in his personality. The outgoing man was an act. He liked people but he preferred to be alone.

Cohen's watch was recently returned to his family, who continue to lobby Syria to have his body repatriated to his homeland

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'The complexity of his character I didn't see in the series. He was shown as taking risks and having gymnastic abilities that he didn't have at all.' Ms Cohen, the oldest of her father's three children who was four when he was executed, said he would spoil her with dolls, dresses and stuffed animals whenever he returned home. She says she doesn't recognise the way her father was portrayed in the drama, scaling walls to steal documents and putting his cover at risk. 'Netflix wanted to show my father like James Bond. But he didn't spend a lot of money. We think that maybe they caught him because he didn't live like a rich man in Syria. It was strange that his house was very modest.' Mr Cohen's wife, Nadia, now 84, was upset because she is portrayed as a poorly-paid maid in the series when in real-life she had trained to be a nurse. Sophie said: 'We weren't a rich family but we were not poor like they showed us. To be honest, my mother felt insulted.'

Cohen's incredible haul of military secrets came to an abrupt end in 1965, when he was caught red-handed sending transmissions to Israel from his apartment. Pictured: Cohen with two un-named defendants at his espionage trial in Damascus ten days before he was put to death

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Cohen had his fingernails ripped out and was hanged in Damascas Square. His body was covered with anti-Zionist slogans and left hanging for six hours (pictured) Before the drama was filmed, Netflix producers showed the family a draft of the script. 'We didn't want them to produce it at all,' she said. 'But our lawyers said that against Netflix we didn't have a chance. 'So, we spoke to the director and negotiated with him to change little things, knowing that he would keep the plot as he liked it to be. 'My father never killed anyone so Netflix agreed to change a scene where he pushed a man off a balcony. And they agreed not to show him naked in orgy scenes. 'The whole thing hurt us and we would have preferred it was never made,' she added.

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+19 The home Cohen shared with his wife Nadia and their three children in Tel Aviv is now commemorated with a plaque in honour or his espionage work outside Share or comment on this article: Sacha Baron Cohen's portrayal of Israel's top Mossad agent in Netflix drama blasted by family https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7483209/Sacha-Baron-Cohens-portrayal-Israels-Mossad-agent-Netflix-drama-blasted-family.html

• Eli Cohen: Kommentaar deur HBH Tydens nagraadse studies in die module “nasionale veiligheidsinligting” moes ons die inligtingsvermoe van die VSA, VK, USSR, Israel en die RSA navors. Nasionale Intelligensie se biblioteek het baie boeke oor die onderwerp bevat. Die studies was uiters leersaam en baie interessant! Snaaks op daardie stadium was sekere Britse Inligtings operasies van die tweede wêreldoorlog nog steeds geheim geklassifiseer al was die oorlog dekades gelede verby. Dit het op die GCHQ in die VK betrekking gehad. Ek onthou die geval van Eli Cohen baie goed. Hy was op ‘n stadium een van die beste spioene van Israel. Natuurlik het ons van hom gehoor omdat hy gevang en opgehang was! (Ons hoor nooit, of bitter min, van die suksesvolle spioene!) Israel se inligtingsgeskiedenis begin in die Bybel en dan weer met die vestiging Jode in die toekomstige staat van Israel. Hulle is natuurlik van inligting afhanklik vir hul daaglikse voortbestaan. Neem in ag toe ek geswot het was daar ongeveer 2,5 miljoen Israeli’s en hul was omring deur 65 miljoen Arabiere. Om uit te vind hoe die Israeli’s oorleef was vreeslik interessant.

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WANTED KNOWN | OP SOEK

• SA Polisie: Veiligheidstak: Plofstofeenheid: Philip Malherbe Foto’s, die geskiedenis en stories van die plofstofeenheid word verlang. Maak asb. kontak met

Philip Malherbe of myself (HBH). Ek (HBH) kan onthou toe die siviele afdeling van Handel en

Nywerheid se plofstofseksie na die SAP se plofstofeenheid oorgeplaas is – wie kan die name van

die twee senior beamptes onthou wat na die polisie oorgeplaas is. (Ek onthou ‘n mnr

Cruywagen???) (Wanneer het die stap plaasgevind?) Plofstof – wie het lys van plofstof

(handgranate, landmyne ens.) wat deur die ANC-alliansie, die PAC en Swapo aangewend was.

Met watter springstof/plofstof het ons in Rhodesië mee te kampe gehad? Spoorwegpolisie se

bydrae sal ook welkom wees. Die spoorwegpolisie se plofstofeenheid het nou met die SAP

saamgewerk.

• SAP, SAW, SASPOL, NI Foto’s en stories Foto’s en stories aan heymanshb@gmail.com

Eervolle vermeldings, deur regters geloof en geprys, goeie ondersoeke e.d.m. is welkom – HBH.

LETTERS | BRIEWE

• Nongqai Vol 10 No 9: Koot Swanepoel Hennie Heymans weereens 'n prag stuk werk. Hennie dankie vir jou mooi omgee-hart en lojaliteit. Ek bedoel opeg; hierdie is regtig iets baie spesiaal. Vanaf die voorblad tot en met die laaste buiteblad kan mens sien jy het dit met oorgawe en met deernis gedoen. Dankie dat jy niks en niemand uitlaat of bevoordeel nie, maar vir ons as lesers nuwe nuus gee, maar ook mooi herinneringe laat herleef. Seën vir jou Hennie Heymans. Weet daar is van ons wat hierdie kosbare moeite van jou met dankbaarheid lees en geniet. Seën vir jou.

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• 1963 – 1964: Moord op Joyce Gardner: Port Elizabeth: Julie van der Merwe

Hi daar, wonder of jy my op ‘n link kan sit, julle polisiemense is mos slim. Gedurende of 1963 of 1964 was daar ‘n skoolmeisie Joyce Gardner vermoor in Port Elizabeth. As my geheue reg is, was die moordenaar ene Blackburn of so ‘n van. En as ek reg onthou is hy ter dood veroordeel. My pa het daai jare op die ou Spoorweë gewerk in PE. Nou my pa het die stormwaterpyp wat in die see uitloop, vir die speurders gaan wys. Hulle het gesoek na die pyp, maar nie geweet waar dit was nie. So het hy en di speurders op Joyce se lyk afgekom. Of iets in daai lyn. Ons as kinders was nogal geraak deur die moord omdat Joyce saam met my oudste suster netbal gespeel het. Waar kan ek die geval gaan opkyk? Hou julle rekords van die hele hof sitting, die uitspraak en vonnis? Sal vreeslik graag die hele geval wil oplees. Hoop jy kan my help. Groete Julie

• Wie kan help?

WhatsApp Message and Two Photos: To Jim Hooper from Toffie Risk Sir Hoop, Brig Hennie Heymans and Lt Genl. Andre Beukes and I Salute you! Best wishes Tango Romeo

Genl Beukes (regs) en Toffie Risk (links) is “ou” veiligheidsmanne van die Afdeling Noord-Transvaal met hoofkwartier, Kompol-gebou in Pretoria.

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• 1960: Sunnyside se Speurders: Barry Taylor Ek dink daaraan om ʼn klomp kort stories van voorvalle by Sunnyside speurders in die sestiger jare te skryf. Mof Myburgh was daar, Boesman Basson, Willem Stapelberg, Chris Luther, Piet Niemann, Poens Prinsloo, Andre Kitching, Paling Stander (later getroud met Magda Stander), kaptein Wikus Kruger, Jan Swart (Sooloor) en Oom Robbie Robertze (klerk).

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Het ook Rugby gespeel. Kan baie oor al die sondes van daai jare skryf. Net baie lui. Hou meer daarvan om die nuus te lees en kwaad te word vir die slegte ouens! Barry Prachin Buri Thailand

• Eerste SAW Ops. Valskermsprong: Bwabwata-basis: Paul Els, Louis Lubbe en HBH

Paul Els

Middag Hennie, Ek wil graag uitvind of jy iets weet of iemand weet van die Bwabwata basis in die Caprivi. Ek het 'n vermoede dit was 'n SAP basis wat die brownjobs oorgeneem het. Vermoed 1973 se kant. Google help buggerall. Ek soek waar die basis presies was. Hoekom omdat dit daar was wat die eerste operasionele parabat sprong plaas gevind het. Verder gaan dit goed en die oog word beter. Lekker aand Paul Els

Louis Lubbe

Naand Hennie en Paul, Ja, Bwabata was ongetwyfeld ‘n SAP basis. Ek was daar gestasioneer in 1968. Dit was so halfpad tussen die SAP basis op Bagani ( langs die Okavango rivier) en SAP basis Kongola (verder oos in die rigting van Katima Mulilo) geleë feitlik op die Angola-grens. Die basis het op ‘n stadium (1971) afgebrand en is ‘n paar honderd meter weg van die Angola grens af herbou. Ek het twee foto’s van Bwabata in my boek Van Ovamboland tot Masjonaland geplaas. Sien p229 en p234. Was ongetwyfeld polisiebasis gewees. Hoop die inligting help. Groetnis. Louis Lubbe

Paul Els

Naand Louis Jy weet net nie hoe baie dit help nie. Baie dankie en nou kan ek gaan slaap met ‘n smile. Dink die SAW en seuns het seker so 1973 dit oorgeneem Was die aanloop baantjie daar toe jy daar was. Sal graag wil weet wanneer die basis gebou is. Was daar locals in die omgewing. Ek sal kyk in jou boek en as dit OK is kan ek dit gebruik met jou as eienaar vermeld. Ek moet nog na die ander basis ook kyk maar die een is belangrik. Lekker aand verder Paul Els

Louis Lubbe

203

Goeiemore Paul, Plesier. Ja die aanloopbaan was inderdaad al daar. Sien foto’s op p.236 en p.238 in die Ovamboland-boek. Foto’s geneem in 1968. Ek vermoed dit was ‘n omaramba wat as ‘n aanloopbaan gebruik is eerder as een wat gebou was. Die omarambas was/is eie aan daardie omgewing en gelyk soos ‘n tennisbaan. Dit was dan baie maklik om net so hier en daar ‘n gat op te vul. Die aanloopbaan was binne sig van die basis. In 1961 het ‘n polisiepatrollie van Runtu (destyds gespel met ‘n “t”) na Katima gery en het op Bwabata oornag by ‘n Boesman statjie. (Sien foto’s van die Boesmans op p.174 ) So, dis die enigste PB’s wat daar was en hulle was nog steeds daar in 1968. Die SAP basisse was vanaf 1967 in die Caprivi gevestig en ek was in vanaf Feb 1968 op Bwabata. So ek dink jy sal redelik naby wees as aan ‘n datum as jy einde 1967 – begin 1968 gebruik as die tydperk waarin die basis gebou is. Die tente was redelik nuut toe ek daar opgedaag het so ek dink ons was die tweede squad gewees d.w.s. Nov/Dec 1967 gebou sou ek sê. Ek het nooit weer te doen gekry met Bwabata nie maar ek vermoed die SAP is daar weg in 1973 ( soos jy tereg hieronder genoem het) Groete. Louis Lubbe

Paul Els

Baie dankie ou maat Ek dink Hennie moet so artikel of twee in die Nongqai plaas en miskien kom daar stories uit wat jy kan gebruik vir nog ‘n boek – Grensbasisse hahah Ek sal Kontak maak sodra ek nog iets soek. Beste Paul Els

Dagbreek in Muizenberg: Vanuit passasiersrytuig die uitsig oor Valsbaai (HBH)

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LAST WORD: REV CHARISSE LE ROUX

Let us start with the man in the mirror, I’m asking him to change his ways…. If you want to

make the world a better place you have to start with yourself. Live out your dreams, be the

person you want to be.

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Dear reader Please note that in this quasi-historical magazine we make use of various sources and consequently it is obvious that the document contains various diverse and personal opinions of different people and the author of the Nongqai cannot be held responsible or be liable in his personal capacity. Geagte leser Vir hierdie kwasiehistoriese tydskrif maak ons van verskeie bronne gebruik en bevat die dokument uiteraard uiteenlopende en diverse persoonlike menings van verskillende persone en die opsteller van die Nongqai kan nie in sy persoonlike hoedanigheid daarvoor verantwoordelik of aanspreeklik gehou word nie.

Brig. Hennie Heymans: No 43630K (B)

© HB Heymans 2019.