north america food and cuisine of the united states and canada
TRANSCRIPT
North AmericaNorth America
Food and Cuisine of the United States Food and Cuisine of the United States and Canadaand Canada
North American CuisineNorth American Cuisine What are some dishes or recipes that you consider What are some dishes or recipes that you consider
“American”?“American”? What types of food do you think are eaten in What types of food do you think are eaten in
Canada?Canada? What typical American ingredients are native to the What typical American ingredients are native to the
region?region? Unit ObjectivesUnit Objectives::
Compare and contrast how different cultures meet family responsibilities Compare and contrast how different cultures meet family responsibilities (11.2.F)(11.2.F)
Gain a broad understanding of how food impacts culture, agriculture and Gain a broad understanding of how food impacts culture, agriculture and religion around the worldreligion around the world
Some Staples NOT from AmericaSome Staples NOT from America
Beef, chicken, and peanuts.Beef, chicken, and peanuts. Wheat, modern white riceWheat, modern white rice Apples, pears, plums, cherries, raspberries, Apples, pears, plums, cherries, raspberries,
watermelon, bananas, lemonswatermelon, bananas, lemons Zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage,
romaine lettuce, parsleyromaine lettuce, parsley Cow’s milk and cow based dairy productsCow’s milk and cow based dairy products Tea, coffee, and sugarTea, coffee, and sugar
American FoodAmerican Food
The modern American diet is an amalgam of The modern American diet is an amalgam of foods from around the world. foods from around the world.
Our culture and our food has been described as Our culture and our food has been described as a “melting pot” or a blending of cultures from a “melting pot” or a blending of cultures from around the world.around the world.
Few foods in our diet are truly North Few foods in our diet are truly North American in nature. Most foods we eat are American in nature. Most foods we eat are inspired by foods from other countries or at inspired by foods from other countries or at least use ingredients least use ingredients notnot native to North native to North America.America.
Native American CuisineNative American Cuisine
Beans, corn and squash (“three sisters”)Beans, corn and squash (“three sisters”) Wild game and fishWild game and fish Nuts and berriesNuts and berries Regional fruits and vegetablesRegional fruits and vegetables
New EnglandNew England
Originally settled by British, Dutch, Originally settled by British, Dutch, German and French immigrantsGerman and French immigrants
Region—rocky, mountainous, forested Region—rocky, mountainous, forested with long severe winterswith long severe winters
Preserved foods to survive winter Preserved foods to survive winter (drying and salting)(drying and salting)
One-dish meals, hearty, hearth cookingOne-dish meals, hearty, hearth cooking Soups, stews were popularSoups, stews were popular
Mid AtlanticMid Atlantic Settled by Dutch, German, Settled by Dutch, German,
Swedish and BritishSwedish and British Milder climate, fertile Milder climate, fertile
farmlandfarmland Pennsylvania Dutch Pennsylvania Dutch
(German)(German) Successfully adapted farming Successfully adapted farming
techniques to Pennsylvania techniques to Pennsylvania soilsoil
Excellent bakersExcellent bakers Cuisine—rural, hearty and Cuisine—rural, hearty and
inventiveinventive
Ingredients Indigenous to Ingredients Indigenous to Eastern North AmericaEastern North America
NorthEast: turkey, deer, geese, lobster, crab, clams, NorthEast: turkey, deer, geese, lobster, crab, clams, corn, maple syrup, blueberries, cranberries, corn, maple syrup, blueberries, cranberries, pumpkin, chives, turkey, concord grape, squash & pumpkin, chives, turkey, concord grape, squash & beans.beans.
Corn Acorn Squash
Winter Squash
Cranberries
Blueberry
Concord GrapesPumpkins
SouthSouth
Immigrants from France, Immigrants from France, England, Ireland, Scotland England, Ireland, Scotland and Spainand Spain
Once established, brought Once established, brought slaves from Africa to work slaves from Africa to work plantationsplantations
Mild climate, waters and Mild climate, waters and forests forests
Southern Cuisine—Soul FoodSouthern Cuisine—Soul Food
Combines the customs of African Combines the customs of African slaves, Native Americans and slaves, Native Americans and Europeans.Europeans.
Developed around foods that were Developed around foods that were readily available to all 3 groupsreadily available to all 3 groups
Popular dishes include rice and Popular dishes include rice and beans, corn bread, chitterlings, beans, corn bread, chitterlings, greens, soups, stewsgreens, soups, stews
Southern Cuisine--CreoleSouthern Cuisine--Creole
Based in New Orleans, LABased in New Orleans, LA Combines techniques of French with ingredients in Combines techniques of French with ingredients in
African, Caribbean, Spanish and Native American African, Caribbean, Spanish and Native American dishesdishes
GumboGumbo soup with meat, seafood, poultry, soup with meat, seafood, poultry,
okra and other vegetables, thickened with roux.okra and other vegetables, thickened with roux. Jambalaya--Creole rice dishJambalaya--Creole rice dish Beignets, Café au lait, pralinesBeignets, Café au lait, pralines
Southern Cuisine--CajunSouthern Cuisine--Cajun
““Backwoods” cookingBackwoods” cooking Acadian, French, Native American, African Acadian, French, Native American, African
and Spanishand Spanish Southern Louisiana based cuisineSouthern Louisiana based cuisine Crawfish, okra, rice, pecans, beansCrawfish, okra, rice, pecans, beans Heavily spicedHeavily spiced Often made from what was available and Often made from what was available and
leftoversleftovers
Key Ingredients in Southern CuisineKey Ingredients in Southern CuisineSouth: squirrel, goose, turkey, seafood, sweet South: squirrel, goose, turkey, seafood, sweet
potatoes, sugarcane, rice, peanuts, corn, pork, potatoes, sugarcane, rice, peanuts, corn, pork, chickenchicken
Trout Sugarcane
Crawfish Turkey
Wild Greens
Wild Rice
Sweet Potato
MidwestMidwest
The “bread basket” of the The “bread basket” of the nationnation
Rich soil, good climate and Rich soil, good climate and advanced farmingadvanced farming
Cuisine—hearty and Cuisine—hearty and uncomplicated (“steak & uncomplicated (“steak & potato”, brownies, apple pie) potato”, brownies, apple pie)
On the surface, seems most On the surface, seems most “American” in “American” in style/ingredientsstyle/ingredients
Midwestern Ingredients and Midwestern Ingredients and RecipesRecipes
Corn, wheat, soybeansCorn, wheat, soybeans Beef, pork, lamb and poultryBeef, pork, lamb and poultry Lakes & streams—variety of freshwater fishLakes & streams—variety of freshwater fish Wisconsin & Minnesota—DairyWisconsin & Minnesota—Dairy Small farms—fruits and vegetablesSmall farms—fruits and vegetables Potluck & Buffet dinnersPotluck & Buffet dinners Fairs, festivals and picnicsFairs, festivals and picnics
West and SouthwestWest and Southwest MT, WY, CO, NM, TX, ID, NV, UT, AZMT, WY, CO, NM, TX, ID, NV, UT, AZ Deserts, mountains, plateausDeserts, mountains, plateaus Simple cuisineSimple cuisine Dependence on beefDependence on beef
Chili, Chuck Wagon beans, son-of-a-gun Chili, Chuck Wagon beans, son-of-a-gun stewstew
Native American, Spanish and Mexican Native American, Spanish and Mexican influenceinfluence
Hot and sunny—many fruits and Hot and sunny—many fruits and vegetablesvegetables
Common ingredients in Common ingredients in Western/Southwestern cuisineWestern/Southwestern cuisine
West: corn, squash, beef, buffalo, wild rice, West: corn, squash, beef, buffalo, wild rice, corn, various beans, chili peppers, tomatoes, corn, various beans, chili peppers, tomatoes, prickly pear.prickly pear.
Tomatoes
Chili peppers
Lima BeansTepary Beans
Corn
Chayota Squash
Pacific & NorthwestPacific & Northwest Pacific Coast—rich, fertile soil Pacific Coast—rich, fertile soil
& warm sunny climate & warm sunny climate Fruits & vegetables in abundanceFruits & vegetables in abundance Fish and shellfishFish and shellfish California cuisine—easy, few California cuisine—easy, few
rules or traditionsrules or traditions OR & WA—tree fruits, berriesOR & WA—tree fruits, berries Immigrants from Mexico, China, Immigrants from Mexico, China,
Japan, Korea and South PacificJapan, Korea and South Pacific—Asian & Mexican influence in —Asian & Mexican influence in cuisinecuisine
Pacific & NorthwestPacific & Northwest
AlaskaAlaska Artic region—long, frigidArtic region—long, frigid
winterswinters South—milder with South—milder with
vegetable, grain and dairy farmsvegetable, grain and dairy farms Caribou, reindeer, bear and rabbitCaribou, reindeer, bear and rabbit Icy clear Pacific—Alaskan king crabIcy clear Pacific—Alaskan king crab Lakes & streams—salmon and troutLakes & streams—salmon and trout
Pacific Northwest—Ingredients Pacific Northwest—Ingredients and Recipesand Recipes
Citrus fruit, papaya, pomegranates, datesCitrus fruit, papaya, pomegranates, dates Avocados, Chinese cabbage, tomatoesAvocados, Chinese cabbage, tomatoes Tuna, salmon, lobster, crab and shrimpTuna, salmon, lobster, crab and shrimp Peaches, apples, apricotsPeaches, apples, apricots Strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, Strawberries, raspberries, blackberries,
blueberriesblueberries
Hawaiian IslandsHawaiian Islands
Polynesian, followed by European settlers Polynesian, followed by European settlers (1800s)(1800s)
Asian influence—Chinese and JapaneseAsian influence—Chinese and Japanese Early food customsEarly food customs
Men prepared foodMen prepared food Men and women—separate tables and ovens!Men and women—separate tables and ovens!
Hawaiian Ingredients and Hawaiian Ingredients and RecipesRecipes
Pineapple and sugarcane—major cropsPineapple and sugarcane—major crops Poi—smooth paste made from starchy root of Poi—smooth paste made from starchy root of
the taro plant.the taro plant. Limu—seaweedLimu—seaweed Luau—elaborate outdoor Luau—elaborate outdoor
feastsfeasts
CanadaCanada
World’s longest coastlineWorld’s longest coastline Atlantic--Heavy rain and snowAtlantic--Heavy rain and snow Pacific—warmer, heavy rainPacific—warmer, heavy rain Aborignals—First Nations &Aborignals—First Nations &
InuitsInuits British & French—1600sBritish & French—1600s
Canada—Agriculture & CuisineCanada—Agriculture & Cuisine
Heavy European, New England influenceHeavy European, New England influence Wheat, barley, apples, berries, potatoesWheat, barley, apples, berries, potatoes Dairy & fishingDairy & fishing Canadian cuisineCanadian cuisine
Once seasonal, now industrialOnce seasonal, now industrial Apples—cider, apple butter, dessertsApples—cider, apple butter, desserts Maple Syrup—made locally each springMaple Syrup—made locally each spring Berries & tree fruit—fruit piesBerries & tree fruit—fruit pies