north east ayutthaya
DESCRIPTION
NORTH EAST AYUTTHAYA. A Canal Study. By Tricky Vandenberg December 2010 Reviewed May 2011. NORTH EAST AYUTTHAYA, A CANAL STUDY. Find hereby a study of the maps of de Courtaulin, Kaempfer, de La Loubère and the mapmaker Bellin related to the waterways in Ayutthaya’s NE corner. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
NORTH EAST AYUTTHAYANORTH EAST AYUTTHAYA
A Canal Study
By Tricky VandenbergDecember 2010
Reviewed May 2011
NORTH EAST AYUTTHAYA, A CANAL STUDY
• Find hereby a study of the maps of de Courtaulin, Kaempfer, de La Loubère and the mapmaker Bellin related to the waterways in Ayutthaya’s NE corner.
• The map study is followed by a consolidation with my conclusions.
• Finally I still have some open questions, which I seek to be answered.
Tricky VandenbergDecember 2010
STUDY of DE COURTAULIN’S MAPSTUDY of DE COURTAULIN’S MAP
Data from 1672-1674, updated 1685Map published Paris 1686
R. Lopburi (old)
Thamnop Ro Bridge
K. Sra Bua
K. Suan Phlu
K. Bang Duea
K. Khanom Tan
K. Khao San
K. Sai?
• The first French map drafted by a MEF priest.• De Courtaulin indicates the Lopburi River and a single waterway branching up. • The western branch could be the present new Lopburi River (indicated by a series of temples, some still existing), while the eastern branch could have been a junction canal with the Pa Sak River.
Old Lopburi River
Pa Sak River
New Lopburi River (K. Bang Duea?)
Slide reviewed May 2011
STUDY of DE LA LOUBERE’S MAPSTUDY of DE LA LOUBERE’S MAP
Data from 1687Map published Paris 1691
R. Lopburi
K. Bang Duea
R. Pa Sak
K. Pradu
Connection canal to R. Lopburi
Thamnop Ro Bridge
Inset French version of de La Loubère's map
• De La Loubère indicates the Lopburi River and also two other waterways at par with Bellin’s map. The source of the geographical information is likely the same: one of the engineers of the French Mission in the period 1685-1688.
Old Lopburi River
New Lopburi River (K. Bang Duea?)
Pa Sak River
STUDY of KAEMPFER’S MAPSTUDY of KAEMPFER’S MAP
Data from1690Published London 1727
K. Sra Bua
K. Pradu
Connection canal
R. Lopburi
K. Ayodhya
AYUTTHAYA HISTORICAL RESEARCHwww.ayutthaya-history.com
KAEMPFER
Thamnop Ro Bridge
?
• Kaempfer indicates the Lopburi River and another waterway. It is not clear if the latter was K. Bang Duea or a connection canal to the Pa Sak River or a connection canal to both.• Kaempfer does show here in 1690 that Ko Loy and Ko Chong Lom were not yet existing.• Find in the next three slides the three possibilities derived from Kaempfer’s map.
Old Lopburi River
Pa Sak River
Slide reviewed May 2011
1st Possibility
Old Lopburi River
New Lopburi River (K. Bang Duea?) Pa Sak
River
2nd Possibility
In this case a canal leading from the Pa Sak River to the water ring around Ayutthaya should have existed in 1690
Old Lopburi River
Pa Sak River
Slide reviewed May 2011
3nd Possibility
Pos 1 + Pos 2
Old Lopburi River
Pa Sak River
New Lopburi River (K. Bang Duea?)
Slide reviewed May 2011
STUDY of BELLIN’S MAPSTUDY of BELLIN’S MAP
Data from 1687Map published Paris 1750
R. Lopburi
K. Bang Duea
Connection canal?
Thamnop Ro Bridge
• Bellin indicates the Lopburi River and two other waterways. If we compare with the situation today, one waterway should have been the present new Lopburi River and the other a connection canal to the Pa Sak River.• Bellin does show here that Ko Chong Lom and Ko Loi were not yet existing, and that the latter was a peninsula. • Looking to the print, it seems that the connection canal, was cutting through the space of the present Ko Loy.
Old Lopburi River
Pa Sak River
Slide corrected v.a.v. the situation today, as at present there is no proof that an earlier canal ran through the space of present Ko Loy.
Old Lopburi River
New Lopburi River (K. Bang Duea?)
Pa Sak River
CONSOLIDATIONCONSOLIDATION
CONSOLIDATIONCONSOLIDATION• All the above maps cover the data in the period 1685-1690 AD (2228-2233
BE).
• Some maps were published later than others, and mapping data as thus could have been altered at later stage.
• Quick overview:
– De Courtaulin: 2 waterways, one branched.
– Kaempfer: 2 waterways, but leaves open whether or not branched.
– De La Loubère: 3 waterways.
– Bellin (map publisher): 3 waterways.
• My interpretation considering this 4 maps is:
– End of the 17th Century the Lopburi River was the main river encircling the ancient city of Ayutthaya.
– The Pa Sak River was not yet deviated, but a connection canal must have existed running into the east branch of the Lopburi River.
CONSOLIDATIONCONSOLIDATION– Khlong Bang Duea, the new Lopburi River today, ran either into the east
branch of the Lopburi River or into the Pa Sak connection canal.
– Ko Chong Lom and Ko Loi were still part of respectively the northern and eastern mainland.
• We have as thus two possible versions:
– Version of de La Loubère & Bellin.
– Version of de Courtaulin & Kaempfer.
Version of de La Loubère & Bellin
Pa Sak River
Old Lopburi River
Version of de Courtaulin & Kaempfer
Pa Sak River
Old Lopburi River
CONSOLIDATIONCONSOLIDATION• The version of de La Loubère & Bellin indicates that a connection canal was
dug between Khlong Khu Na and the Pa Sak River. This contradict Phraya Boran Rachathanin’s writings.
• We are now leaving the end of the 17th century – begin 18th century and are jumping to Phraya Boran Rachathanin’s period in the begin of the 20th century.
• Considering Phraya Boran Rachathanin (PBR) writing in 1921 AD (2464 BE) that:
– He dug Khlong Chong Lom in order to reduce the whirlpools at Wat Tong Pu and the mouth of Khlong Hua Ro, which destroyed the embankment in front of Chantra Kasem Palace.
– He investigated the destruction of the embankment in front of Chantra Kasem Palace and stated the reason of the destruction was, that the waters from the new Lopburi River and the Pa Sak River together collided with the water of Khlong Hua Ro (old Lopburi River) and the whirl undercut the embankment.
– After he divided the waters from the Pa Sak River over two canals, the whirlpools at Wat Tong Pu and in front of the palace reduced.
CONSOLIDATIONCONSOLIDATION• I have as thus to conclude that, only the maps of de Courtaulin &
Kaempfer endorse PBR’s writings, as only these maps show the new Lopburi River and the Pa Sak River together (de La Loubère and Bellin shows the rivers separated).
• An issue which is still not clear to me, is when exactly the shortcut canal has been dug in the bend of the Pa Sak River (straightening of the Pa Sak River at Ban Ko).
• Next slides shows the changes in the 20th century, explained by Phraya Boran Rachathanin in his paper and is based on the map versions of de Courtaulin & Kaempfer.
K. Hua Ro
Pa Sak River
Whirl
20th CenturyK. Oom
K. Hantra
New Lopburi River
• Situation based on the maps of de Courtaulin & Kaempfer.• PBR states in his paper that there are 2 whirlpools.
K. Mueang
K. Sai
Slide reviewed May 2011
20th Century
K. Hua Ro
New Lopburi River
K. Oom
K. Chong Lom
• PBR makes a second connection to the Pa Sak River to coop with the whirlpools.• K. Chong Lom is dug somewhere between 1917 and 1921 (?).
K. Hantra
Pa Sak River
K. Mueang
K. Sai
Slide reviewed May 2011
20th Century
K. Hua Ro
New Lopburi River
K. Oom
Pa Sak River
K. Hantra
K. Chong Lom
K. Mueang
K. Sai
Slide reviewed May 2011
20th Century
K. Hua Ro
New Lopburi River
K. Oom
Pa Sak River
K. Hantra
• PBR dugs another connection canal to straighten the Pa Sak River and prevent it to flow in front of the palace grounds.• Apparently there was already a small canal existing (K. Sai) and was as thus widened and deepened.
K. Mueang
K. Sai
K. Hua Ro
Pa Sak River
Situation Today
K. Mueang
New Lopburi River
K. Oom
K. Chong Lom
Pa Sak River
K. Hantra
Slide reviewed May 2011
REMAINING QUESTIONSREMAINING QUESTIONS• When was the bend in the Pa Sak River near Ban Ko
straightened?
• What year exactly was Kl. Chong Lom dug?
• What year was the Pa Sak River diverted through Kl. Sai?
• What was the ancient name of the canal, which is now the new Lopburi River?
Any comments or additional information are welcome at: [email protected]
By Tricky VandenbergDecember 2010