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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 082 933 RC 007 410 TITLE Nosotros, los Americanos--We the Americans. INSTITUTION Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, Md. PUB DATE Jun 73 NOTE 15p. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents,:U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 (GPO 0324-00043, $0.45) EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS ABSTRACT MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 *Census Figures; Cubans; *Demography; *Education; *Employment; Housing Patterns; Income; Latin American Culture; Mexican Americans; Population Growth; Puerto Ricans; *Spanish Speaking Based on the 1970 Census, this booklet describes the Spanish spedkimgli-Oguiation iii the U. S. NUMbeEind. g.6 million, Spanish speak:;ng residents are usually of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Latin or South American descent- Short summaries are given for population growth and distribution, residence, education, family size, employment, and income. (KM)

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DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 082 933 RC 007 410

TITLE Nosotros, los Americanos--We the Americans.INSTITUTION Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, Md.PUB DATE Jun 73NOTE 15p.AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents,:U.S. Government Printing

Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 (GPO 0324-00043,$0.45)

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

ABSTRACT

MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29*Census Figures; Cubans; *Demography; *Education;*Employment; Housing Patterns; Income; Latin AmericanCulture; Mexican Americans; Population Growth; PuertoRicans; *Spanish Speaking

Based on the 1970 Census, this booklet describes theSpanish spedkimgli-Oguiation iii the U. S. NUMbeEind. g.6 million,Spanish speak:;ng residents are usually of Mexican, Puerto Rican,Cuban, Latin or South American descent- Short summaries are given forpopulation growth and distribution, residence, education, familysize, employment, and income. (KM)

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FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY

nosotros, ios americanos we the americans

nosotros

los mexicanos american

los puertorriquenos

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U.S. DEPARTMENTOF COMMERCESoc1,1. ,1,1d Econor, c Stnt,y,lcsAcirpn,siriltIon

SCOPE OF I VTEREST IVDTICEThe ERIC Facility has assignedthis document for processingto:

In our judgement, this documentis also of interest to the clearing-houses noted to the right. Index-ing should reflect their specialpoints of view.

los cubanos americanos

los americanos de la america central

los americanos de la america del surU5 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

EDUCATION & WELFARENATIONAL. INSTITUTE OF

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Cuando los entrevistadores enumeraron a la

poblacion de los Estados Unidos el Iro. de abril de 1970,

encontraron que habia 9.6 millones de.nosotros, los

americanos de ascendencia hispana. Somos principal-

rnente de origen mexicano, puertorriquerio, cubano,

centroamericano, suramericano, o de otra ascendencia

hispana. Somos el segundo grupo minoritario en esta

naci6n. Nuestra poblacion es actual mente igual a la

de los Estados Unidos en el 1820.

When census takers counted the United States

population on April 1, 1970, they found that there

are about 9.6 million of us Americans of Spanish

ancestry. We are primarily of Mexican, Puerto Rican,

Cuban, Central and South American, or other Spanish

background. We are the second largest minority in

the Nation. Our numbers today are equal to the

entire U.S. population in 1820.

(NUm. 6 en una serie de informes del Censo de 1970)

(No. 6 in a series of reports from the 1970 Census)

Exceptuando al indio americano, nosotros, ispoblaciOn de ascendencia hispana, hemos vivido pormas tiempo que nadie en lo que es hod' los EstadosUnidos. Los primeros censos revel an que en el pasado,la mayor fa de nosotros viviamos en lo que es ahoralos estados del suroeste. El Censo Decenal de1970 r evela mucho mas acerca de nosotros, como porejemplo que:

Sor os jovenes. Nuestra edad mediana es decir,el pumL medio es de 21 dews. La edad mediana dela poblwion total de los Estados Unidos es de mas de28 arms Aproximadamente un 41 por ciento de todaslas famitas de ascendencia IThpana incluye a [linosmenores de 6 anos de edad, compared° con solamenteun 26 poi ciento por todas las families en los EstadosUnidos.

Nuestra poblacion esti creciendo rapTdamente.Esto se ve en que los americanos nacidos en PuertoRico o americanos de extraccion ouertorriquenaaumentaron por un 55 par ciento durante los anos del1960 al 1970.

Tenemos mejores trabajos. Mas de una cuartaparte de nuestros hombres que pertenecen a la fuerzatrabajadora estaban clasificados durante el 1970 enocupaciones profesionales o de oficina. La mayorfade nosotros trabajamos mas en la manufactura queen otra ocupaciOn. Nosotros tambien nos hemosapartado de la ocupaci6n tradicional americana delpasadotrabajo agrario.

Y, tenemos retos. Nuestra mediana de ingresonunca ha sido alta; nuestro ingreso familiar Megasolamente a un 79 por ciento del de las familiesamericanas en general. A pesar de que laproportion de nuestros jovenes que asiste a la escuelaes mayor que la de la poolaciOn en total, uno de cadacinco de nuestros adultos de 25 anos o mas de edadtiene menos de 5 anos de escuela completados

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We Americans of Spanish ancestry have lived inwhat is now the United States longer than anyoneelsewith the exception of the American Indian.Early censuses show that, at one time, nearly all ofus lived in what have become the five southwesternStates. The 1970 Decennial Census reveals manyother interesting facts about us; for example:

Were young. Our median age meaning themidpoint is 21. The median age of the U.S.population as a whole is just over 28. About 41percent of all families of Spanish ancestry includechildren under 6 years old, compared with only 26percent for all U.S. families.

Our population is rapidly increasing. As oneindication of this growth the number of Americansof Puerto Rican birth or parentage increased by 55percent between 1960 and 1970.

We're holding better jobs. More than one-quarterof our employed men were in white collar occupa-tions in 1970. More of us work in manufacturingthan in any other field. We, too, have gotten awayfrom the traditional American occupation of thepast farm work.

And we have challenges. Our median income hasnever been higher, but our family income is about 79percent of that of American families as a whole.Although the proportion of young people attendingschool is larger for our group than it is for the totalpopulation, one out of every five of ouradults 25 years old and over has completedfewef than 5 years of schooling.

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Edad MedianaMedian Age

Americanos de Ascendencia HispanaAmericans of Spanish Ancestry

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i/u.s. Population as a whole

Edad Mediana

Median Age

Poblacion total de los E.E. U.U.

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De acuerdo con archivos historicos, antes de quelos peregrinos Ilegaran a Plymouth Rock, cerca de23,000 de nuestra poblaciOn ya vivian en la partesuroeste de lo que es ahora los Estados Unidos.

En el 1910, cuando el Negociado del Censocomenzo un recuento aparte de los americanos deascendencia hispana, cerca de 382,000 personashabian nacido en Mexico o ten ian padres quehabian nacido alli. Tambien habian vastos nUmerosde personas de origen hispano en el suroeste, quehabian vivido alli por m5s de dos generaciones.

En el 1910, cerca de 15,000 americanos habiannacido en Cuba, y cerca de. 1.,50Clnersonas habiannacido en Puerto Rico.

En el Dia del Censo de 1970, habia 711,000personas nacidas en Mexico (a que sus padres habiannacido alli) viviendo en Texas solamente. Esteniimero es el doble del total de personas en estacategoria que vivian en todo el pais en el 1910.

Cerca de 4.5 millones de personas de origenmexicano que vivian en los Estados Unidos, fueronidentificadas como tal durante el Censo de 1970, aligual que 1.4 millones de puertorriquenos, 600,000cubanos americanos, y 2.6 millones de personas deascendencia centroamericana, suramericana, o de otraascendencia hispana.

Las cifras del censo de 1970 nos muestran que el64 por ciento de la poblacion de los Estados Unidosde origen puertorriqueno reside en el estado de NewYork. El total de residentes en los Estados Unidosque habian nacido en Cuba o que sus padres habiannacido all i, aumentO en un 351 por ciento durantelos ailos 1960 al 1970. En el Estado de la Floridareside el mayor nirmero de cubanos americanos.

According to historical records, about 23,000 ofour people were living in the southwestern part ofwhat is now the United States before the Pilgrimslanded at Plymouth Rock.

The Census Bureau first began taking a separatecount of Americans of Spanish ancestry back in1910. Its reports showed that about 382,000 personshad been born in Mexico or were children of parentsborn there. In addition, there were vast numbers ofpersons of Spanish origin living in the southwest whohad been there for more than two generations.

In 1910, about 15,000 Americans had been bornin Cuba, and some 1,500 persons then living in theU.S.or their parentshad been born in Puerto Rico.

On Census Day 1970, there were 711,000 personsliving in Texas alone who reported Mexico as theirbirthplace or that of their parents. This figure is twicethe number of all persons in this category living in theentire country in 1910.

About 4.5 million persons of Mexican originliving in the U.S. were identified separately duringthe 1970 census tally, as were 1.4 million PuertoRicans, 600,000 Cuban-Americans, and 2.6 millionpersons of Central and South American and otherSpanish descent.

The 1970 figures show that 64 percent of theU.S. population of Puerto Rican origin lived in NewYork State. The total of U.S. residents who wereborn in Cube or whose parents were born thereincreased by 351 percent between 1960 arid 1970.Florida has the largest number of Cuban-Americanresidents.

8Los tamarlos relativos de as poblaciones deorigen hispano se representan arriba por mediode la distancia horizontal al v4rtice de cadatriangulo, midiendo esta distancia desde labase comun.

Relative size of Spanish origin populationsare represented above by the horizontal distanceto the apex of each triangle, measuredfrom the common baseline.

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La poblaciOn de americanos de ascendenciahispana esta concentrada en ciertos Estados en vez deestar distribuIda mas omenos igualmente entre todoslos 50 Estados. Mas de la mitad de nuestra poNacioneste concentrada en los cinco Estados del suroeste:Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico y Texas:

En el 1970, los 10 Estados donde vivian la mayorparte de personas de origen hispano eras California,Texas, New York, Florida, Illinois, New Mexico,New Jersey, Arizona, Colorado y Michigan.

Durante el Censo de 1970, se utilizaron cuatromedidas distintas para identificar nuestro segmentode la poblacion lugar.cle nacimiento del individuoy de sus piEfres, lehgua materna, apellido hispano, yorigen hispano. Como resultado: se obtuvo uno de losmas completos perfiles de la poblacian americanade ascendencia hispana.

Americans of Spanish ancestry are clustered incertain States rather than distributed more or lessevenly among all 50 States. Well over half ourpopulation is concentrated in the five southwesternStates of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexicoand Texas.

In 1970, the 10 States where the largest numbersof persons of Spanish origin lived were California,Texas, New York, Florida, Illinois, New Mexico, NewJersey, Arizona, Colorado and Mi.,,higan.

During the 1970 census, four standards were usedto identify our segment of the populationbirthplaceand birthplace of parents, mother tongue, Spanishfamily name, and Spanish origin. The result: the mostcomplete profile ever taken of America's populationof Spanish ancestry.

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Al comienzo de este sigio e igual que los otrosamericanos, viviamos on areas rurales porque era allidonde exist la el trabajo. Al aumentar la poblaciOn delos Estados Unidos y trasladarse las oportunidades detrabajo a las ciudades, mas y mas personas se mudarona las areas urbanas por haber alli mas oportunidadesde trabajo. Nosotros formamos parte de esemovimiento.

Hoy somos mas urbanos que la poblacion enconjunto. Cerca de un 88 por ciento de nosotrosvivimos en areas urbanas. Mas de 20 por cientode nosotros vivimos solamente en lasciudades de -LosAngeles y New York.

Cerca de 4.7 millones de nosotros vivimos en lasciudades centrales, 2.2 millones en las afueras deciudades mayores, 673,000 en ciudades de 10,000 omas habitantes y situadas en las afueras de areasmetropolitanas mayores; y otros 596,000 en lugarespequenos de 2,500 a 10,000 habitantes.

Like the majority of other Americans, we livedin rural areas early in this century because that waswhere work was the most plentiful. As the U.S.population grew and job opportunities shifted to thecities, more and more people moved to urban arer.We became a part of that movement.

Today, we're more urban than the population asa whole. Nearly 88 percent of us live in urbanareas; more than 20 percent of us live in the LosAngeles and New York metropolitan areas alone.

About 4.7 million of us live in central cities, 2.2million in the suburbs of big cities, 673,000 in citiesof 10,000 or more outside big metropolitan areas,and another 596,000 in smaller places of 2,500 to10,000 inhabitants.

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Aproximadamente uno de cada tres de nosotrosasistia a la escuela el D ia del Censo de 1970, de loscuales 700,000 asistian a escuelas superiores y223,000 asistian a colegios superiores. Esta propor-cion es algo mas alta que la proportion para lapoblaciOn en total que es de un 29.3 por ciento, locual refleja nuestra edad joven.

Sin embargo nuestra educed& es mas pobre queIa educacion del resto de la poblacion de losEstados Unidos. La proportion de nuestros hombresde 25 anos o mas de edad que tienen diplomas deescuela superior o algUn estudio al nivel de colegiosuperior, era de un 37.9 por ciento; para las mujereseste por ciento era de 34.2. Para as poblaciontotal de 25 anos o mas de edad, este por ciento fue52.3 en los Estados Unidos.

Solo el 14 por ciento de nuestra poblacion de25 anos o mas de edad habia completado algim an°de colegio superior; de estos el 6 por ciento habiacompletado 4 anos o mas de colegio superior. El 21por ciento de la poblacion total habia completadoalgOn ano de colegio superior, y de estos el 11 porciento habia completado 4 anos o mas.

1fde nosotros asistea Ia escuela

of us arein school

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On Census Day, 1970, about a third of us were inschool, including nearly 700,000 in high school and223,000 attending college. This is a somewhat higherproportion than the 29.3 percent for the entirepopulation, reflecting our younger age.

Nonetheless, our educational level lags behindthat of most of the U.S. poptilation. The proportionof our men 25 and over with high school diplomas orsome study at the college level was 37.9 percent; f:Jrour women it was 34.2 percent. For the en ti. U.S. .

population 25 and over the figure was 5'7.s percent.Only 14 percent of our adults 2E over had

completed any college, includinj d percentwho had completed 4 or rr 1,,e years. For thetotal population, 21 cent had completed someyears of college, al 11 percent had completed 4years or more.

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En el 1970, mas del 46 por ciento de nuestras2,040,000 familias, o tenian casa propia, o laestaban comprando. Para la poblaciOn total, laproporci6n era de un 63 pot. ciento.

Uno de nuestros problemas es el de no tenersuficiente espacio donde residir. Basandonos en ladefiniciOn censal de "apinados", o sea, "masde una persona por cuarto", una cuarta parte denosotros vive en hogares que estan apifiados. Parala poblaciem total, solamenta una persona de cada12 vive bajo condiciones semejantes.

Hasta cierto punto, el amontonamiento se debe altamalio de la famil ia, Cerca de un 6 por ciento denuestras familias tenian seis hijos o mas, mientrasque menos de un 2 por ciento del resto de losamericanos de la raza blanca tenian familias de esetamatio.

A pesar de todo esto, atin mantenemos ciertogrado de afluencia. Mas de tres cuartas parte; denuestras familias tienen autom6viles y cerca de untercio de nuestras familias tienen dos automovileso mas.

In 1970, more than 46 percent of our 2,040,000families either owned their homes or were buyingthem. For the total population, the proportion was63 percent.

Lack of living space is a problem for us. Basedon the census defin:tion of "overcrowded" as "morethan one person per room," one-quarter of us live inovercrowded homes. Of the total population, onlyabout one person in 12 lives under similar conditions.

To some degree, our overcrowding can be relatedto family size. About 6 percent of our families hadsix or more children, while less than 2 percent ofother white Americans had families that large. -

Yet, we still have some share of affluence. Morethan three-quarters of our families have automobiles,and nearly a third of these families own two or more.

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OperariosOperatives588,000

Oficinistas y trabajadores analogosClerical and kinclied workers441,000

Artesanos, capataces, y trabajadoresanalogosCraftsmen, foremen, andkindred workers397,000

Trabaiadores en servicios, excepto serviciosdomesticosService workers, except household396,000

Profesionales, tecnicos, y trabajadoresanalogosProfessional, technical and kindredworkers264,000

17

En el 1970, el nUrnero de nosotros de 16 anos omas que estaba en la fuerza trabajadora sumaba untotal de 3.2 millones, de los cuales 2.1 milloneseran hombres. La proporcion de nuestros hombres enla fuerza trabajadora era cerca de un 78 por ciento, yde nuestras mujeres de un 38 por ciento.

Hemos adelantado enormemente desde quenuestros.empleos eran principalmente agrarios.Durante el 1970, mas de una cuarta parte de nuestroshombres en la fuerza trabajadora ten fan empleos pro-fesionales y de oficina. De los 2.9 millones denosotros que estaban empleados, cerca de 790,000trabajaban en Ia manufacture, nuestra forma principalde empleo.

En el 1969, el ingreso mediano de nuestrasfamilias fue de S7,534; para la poblacion total fuede $9,590. Expresandolo de otra manera, por cada$100 que una familia americana tipica ganara, unafamilia tipica de origen hispano ganaba $79.

En el 1969, mas de 85,000 de nuestras familiastuvieron un ingreso de menos de $1,000, pero 6,500de nuestras familias tuvieron un ingreso de $50,000o mas, y otras 34,000 familias ganaron de $25,000a $49,999. La mayor parte de nuestras familias seencontraron en el grupo intermedio de la escala desueldos, habiendo 223,000 familias que ganaban de$10,000 a $11,999.

En el 1970, cerca de una quinta parte de nuestrasfamilies vivian en la pobreza, y en las areas rurales laproporcion era mucho mas aim Para Ia poblaciontotal, el 11 por ciento de las familias vivian pordebajo del nivel de pobreza. En las areas rurales laproporcion era de un 15 por ciento.

Our people in the labor force 16 years old andover totaled 3.2 million in 1970, of whom 2.1 millionwere males. The proportion of our men in the laborforce was about 78 percent; it was 38 percent forour women.

We've come a long way from the time when mostof our jobs were related to farm work. More than one-fourth of our working males were employed in whitecollar occupations in 1970. Nearly 790,000 out of2.9 million of our employed workers were inmanufacturing, making it by far our largest area ofemployment.

The median income for our families in 1969 was$7,534; for the population as a whole it was$9,590. Putting it another way, for every $100 theaverage American family earns, the average familyof Spanish ancestry earns $79.

At the low end of the income scale, more than85,000 of our families earned less than $1,000income in 1969, but 6,500 of our families earned$50,000 or More and another 34,000 made $25.00to $49,999. The largest number of our families fell inthe middle income range, with 223,000 earningbetween $10,000 and $11,999.

About one-fifth of our families were living inpoverty in 1970. In rural areas the proportion washigher. For all the population, the proportionliving below the poverty level was about 11 percent;in rural areas, about 15 percent

Como ustedes pueden facilmente ver, el Negociadodel Censo tiene otras responsabilidades adorn& deinformarnos cuantas personas hay: la informationcensal muestra mas claramente nuestro progreso ynuestros problemas. Los datos censales tambienindican los derechos de nuestras comunidades enrelacion a servicios piklicos y representaciongubernamental.

El Censo de 1970 nos muestra que las personas deascendencia hispana son una parte creciente del grannumero de personas que forman la poblacion de losEstados Unidos. Tambien nos indica que a pesar delos muchos progresos sociales y economicos, anosotros, los individuos de ascendencia hispana, nosqueda aim mucho por hacer en el area de laeducacion, del trabajo, de los ingresos y de lasviviendas.

El hacerle frente a estos retos es una gran tareapara TODOS los americanos.

As you can easily see, the Decennial Census does alot more than just tell us how many people there are..Census information makes our progress and problemsmore understandable. The data obtained from thecensus also indicate what our communities areentitled to in public services and representation ingovernment.

The 1970 census shows us that persons of Spanishancestry are a growing part of the U.S. population.It shows that we have made many social andeconomic gains. We still have many advances to makein education, employment, income and housing.

Meeting these challenges is the great task forALL Americans.

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1111#11.1111- '

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEFrederick B. Dent, Secretary

Social and Economic Statistics AdministrationEdward D. Failor, Administrator

BUREAU OF THE CENSUSVincent P. Barabba, Acting DirectorRobert L. Hagan, Deputy Director

PUBLIC. INFORMATION OFFICEJohn J. Casserly, Chief

This report was preparedin the Public InformationOffice, Bureau of the Census,as an aid to ducation.

JUNE 1973

For sale by theSuperintendent of DocumentsU.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402.Price 45 cents Domestic Postpaidor 35 cents G.P.O. BookstoreStock Number 0324.00043.