nota ithink t4 2015

[email protected] http://cikguesmandi.blogspot.com

1

Disediakan oleh : Mohamad Esmandi Bin Hapni


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Title Page number

What physics is 3

Do you know physical quantity around us ? 4

Is there any different in physical quantity ? 5

How do I write big and small numbers in simplest form ? 6

What are the other instrument use to measure length besides meter rule? 7

Uncertainty in measurement ? 8

Scientific Investigation 9

Properties of measurement you should know 10


3

What physics is

Understanding

Physics

Heat Energy

Motion

Force

Momentum

Forming of

rainbow

Mirage

Measurement

Career

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4

Do you know physical quantity around us ?

Magnitude

Time Derived

quantity

Mass

Base

quantity

Unit

Temperature

Electric

current

Length

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Physical

quantity

Force

Density

`Weight

Momentum

Volume

Area


5

Is there any different in physical quantity ?

Number

Distance

Vector

quantity

Speed

Scalar

quantity

Unit

Mass

Magnitude

Only

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Physical

quantity

Displacement

Velocity

Weight

Magnitude

and direction


6

How do I write big and small numbers in simplest form ?

Small

number

Standard form Prefixes

Big

number Tera, T, 10

12

Using letter

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Indices

2.1 x 108

1 ≤ A < 10

1.37 x 10-13

A x 10n

Giga, G, 109

Mega, M, 106

Kilo, k, 103

Deci, d, 10-1

Centi, c, 10-2

Milli, m, 10-3

Micro, , 10-6

Nano, n, 10-9

Pico, p, 10-12


7

What are the other instrument use to measure length besides meter rule?

Measuring instrument

Vernier Callipers

Micrometer Screw Gauge

Inner jaw

Outer jaw

Main scale

Vernier scale

Screw

Tail

Anvil

Spindle

Main scale

Vernier scale

Sleeve

Thimble

Ratchet


8

Uncertainty in measurement ?

Uncertainty

Parallax

Systematic

error

Observer

Random

error

Cannot be

avoid

Time reaction

Surrounding

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Can be

minimized

Positive

Instrument

Negative

Constant


9

Scientific Investigation

Making an

observation Make an inference

Identifying

variables

Manipulated Responding Constant

Formulate a

hypothesis

Conduct the

experiment Tabulate data Analysing data Writing report

Graph Conclusion


10

Properties of measurement you should know

Measurement

Accuracy Sensitivity Consistency

Same reading

Small relative deviation

Can be accurate

Actual value

On the target

Small change

Respond quickly

Small scale


11

Title Page number

Your position 12

Your movement 13

Equation of Linear Motion 14

How do we analyse movement ? 15

Tendency of an object in their motion 16

When there is action, there is reaction 17

What make an object changes ? 18

The effects of impulsive force 19

Is save to drive a car ? 20

What makes you fall ? 21

How a ship made of iron floats in the sea ? 22

Type of energy around us 23

Factors that affect the elasticity of a spring (i) 24

Factors that affect the elasticity of a spring (ii) 25


12

Your position

Unit

metre

Scalar quantity

Displacement

Total length

of the path

Distance

Length

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Change

in

position

Vector quantity

Specific

direction


13

Your movement

Unit

m s-1

Scalar quantity

Velocity

Distance

Time

Speed

Fast

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Slow

Vector quantity

Displacement

Time


14

Equation of Linear Motion

Equation of linear motion

Condition

v = u + at2

No ‘s’ is given

s = ut + ½ at2

No ‘v’ is given

v = u + at2

No ‘t’ is given

tvus )(2

1

No ‘a’ is given

as as as


15

How do we analyse movement ?

Motion Graph

Velocity against time Acceleration against time Displacement against time

Displacement

Total distance

Time interval

Initial velocity

Final Velocity

Acceleration

Deceleration

Time interval

Gradient = Velocity

Time interval

Gradient = Acceleration

Area = Displacement


16

Tendency of an object in their motion

Inertia

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Animal shakes their

body to dry wet fur

Run in zigzag pattern

when we chased by a

bull

Give a quick

downward shake to

chilli sauce bottle to

force chilli sauce out

of the bottle

Non-physical

quantity

Property of

matter

Mass


17

When there is action, there is reaction

Momentum

Inelastic collision Explosion Elastic collision

Apart after collision

Momentum conserve

Kinetic energy conserve

Combine after collision Initially at rest and in contact

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

Momentum conserve

Kinetic energy not conserved

m1u1 + m2u2 = ( m1 + m2)V

Momentum conserve

Kinetic energy not conserve

(m1 + m2)u= m1v1+ m2v2


18

What make an object changes ?

Effects of

force

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Change the shape

`Change the state of

motion

Change the direction

of motion

Change the size

Change the speed


19

The effects of impulsive force

Change in

momentum

Kicking a

football

Negative

Drives the nail

Into wood

Positive

Time of

impact

Drives pile into

The ground

Crushes the

food

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t

mumvF

Destroying

an object

Defecting an

object

Serious injuries

During accident


20

Is save to drive a car ?

Safety features

In vehicles

Rear and front

bumper Padded dashboard

Tyres with

tread

ABS

Break systems

Safety seat belt

Shatter-proof

Glass windscreen

Soft Headrests

Passenger safety

case

Rear and front

crumple zone

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21

What makes you fall ?

Gravity

Free fall v = u + gt

v2 = u

2 + 2gt

s = ut + ½ gt2

W = mg

Earth

g = 10 m s-2

g = 10 N kg-1

Moon

g = 5/3 m s-2

g = 5/3 N kg-1

To the centre

Vector quantity

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22

How a ship made of iron floats in the sea ?

F1

Fx = F sin

Fy = F cos

F2

Inclined plane

Horizontal plane

R

W

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Forces in

equilibrium

F

F`x

F`y

R

W

Friction

Newton’s third law

Resolution of forces

Addition of forces

Resultant force = 0


23

Type of energy around us

Force

Work

Power

Gravitational energy

Kinetic energy

Elastic potential energy

Heat energy

Sound energy

Chemical energy

Energy

Electrical energy

Efficiency


24

Factors that affect the elasticity of a spring (i)

Longer spring

Bigger diameter

Of coil

Made from copper

Made from thin

wire

Arranged in series

Flexible

Replace frequently

Breaks easily

High maintenance

Spring easily extend

Weak

spring system


25

Factors that affect the elasticity of a spring (ii)

Shorter spring

Smaller diameter

Of coil

Made from steel

Made from thick

wire

Arranged in

parallel

Not flexible

Seldom replace

Does not breaks easily

Low maintenance

Spring does not easily extend

Strong

spring system


26

Title Page number

Can you feel and see the pressure? 27

Physics Principles Involve of Forces and Pressure 28


27

Can you feel and see the pressure?

Pressure

Liquid Gas Solid

Depend on contact area

Depend on the weight

Bigger weight, higher pressure

Depend on the depth

Depend on density of the liquid

Depend on temperature

Depend on volume

Depend on number of particles

Smaller contact area, higher pressure

Depend on the strength of gravity

Immersed more, higher pressure

Higher density, higher pressure A

FP

P = hg

Higher temperature, higher pressure

Smaller volume, higher pressure

Many gas particles, higher pressure

Higher altitude, lower pressure


28

Physics Principles Involve of Forces and Pressure

Principle

Archimedes Bernoulli Pascal

Enclosed system

Pressure transmitted equally

Involve of piston

Involve of floating object

Involve of immersed object

Involve of liquid flow

Involve of gas flow

High speed area = Low pressure area

Apply in fluid

In liquid and in gas

Weight of fluid displaces = Buoyant force

2

2

1

1

A

F

A

F


29

Title Page number

Why do hot drinks cool if left over? 30

Why there is changes in themperature while boilling water then it fixed at 100 oC ? 31

The Gas Laws 32


30

Why do hot drinks cool if left over?



Addition of forces

Resultant force = 0

Two fixed points

Thermometer

Energy transferred

Rate of heat flow = 0

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Thermal

equilibrium Lower fixed point, l0 = ice point

Upper fixed point, l100 = steam point

0100

0

ll

llx xo

Hot Cold

Warm


31

Why there is changes in themperature while boilling water then it fixed at 100 oC ?

Mass

involved

Specific latent

heat

Changes in

temperature

Specific heat

capacity

Heat

involved

Heat absorbed

J kg-1

oC

-1

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Use to changes

The state of

matter

No changes in

temperature

J kg-1

Heat lost


32

The Gas Laws

Gas Law

Condition

Boyle’s Law

P1V1 = P2V2

Temperature = constant

Charles’ Law

2

2

1

1

T

V

T

V

Pressure = constant

Pressure Law

2

2

1

1

T

P

T

P

Volume = Constant

Universal Gas Law

2

22

1

11

T

VP

T

VP

as as as


33

Title Page number

Does the image in the mirror is really like you? 34

Does star really blinked as seen from the earth? 35

Reflection of Refraction ? 36

Forming total internal reflection (shine like a diamond) 37

Image formed by convev lens 38

Image formed by concave lens 39


34

Does the image in the mirror is really like you?



Addition of forces

Resultant force = 0

Changes in light direction

Convex mirror

Plane mirror

Concave mirror

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Reflection of

light Shiny surface

Angle of reflection

Focal point

Normal line

Angle of incidence


35

Does star really blinked as seen from the earth?



Addition of forces

Resultant force = 0

Changes in light direction

Two different mediums

Transparent medium

Snell’s Law

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Refraction of

light

Angle of refraction

Normal line

Angle of incidence

Speed changed

Total internal reflection

Real depth

Apparent depth

Critical angle


36

Reflection of Refraction ?

Normal

line

i = r

Refraction of

light

Direction

changed

Reflection of

light

Light

Shiny surface

Angle of

reflection

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Angle of

incidence

r

in

sin

sin

Speed

changed

Two different

mediums

Angle of

Refraction

Images


37

Forming total internal reflection (shine like a diamond)

Light travelled from air to

glass

Light experienced

refraction away from

normal

A new incident angle at the

boundary of

glass-air

Adjust the angle of

incident at the boundary of

air-glass

Until all the light at the

boundary glass-air

reflected into glass

Total internal reflection

occur

Air less optical

density

Air less optical

density


38

Image formed by convev lens

From the object, draw a

ray parallel to principal

axis to the lens.

From the lens, the ray

refracted to pass through

focal point


ray go through the centre

of lens.

The ray does not bending

when pass through the

centre of lens.

Identify the intersection

point from the two rays. Draw the image

Magnified or

diminished Real or virtual


39

Image formed by concave lens


ray parallel to principal

axis to the lens.

From the lens, the ray

refracted and appear to

come from focal point


ray go through the centre

of lens.

The ray does not bending

when pass through the

centre of lens.

Identify the intersection

point from the two rays. Draw the image

Magnified or

diminished Real or virtual

nota ithink t4 2015

Documents

small scale

small numbers

properties of measurement

title page number

instrument use

small relative deviation

target small change

simplest form