NOVAC A global network for volcano gas monitoring

Bo Galle Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden

Outline

• The Scanning mini-DOAS instrument

• The NOVAC project

• Examples of results

– global SO2 emissions

– risk assessment

The Scanning Mini-DOAS instrument

SO2 [mg/m²]

Angle to Zenith [deg]

Scanning mini-DOAS

Scanning mini-DOAS measurement, San Cristobal 23 Nov. 2002

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wind measurement

NOVAC instrument, San Cristobal Volcano, Nicaragua

NOVAC Network for Observation of Volcanic and

Atmospheric Change

Idea:

• To establish a network based on Dual-Beam Scanning mini-DOAS instruments on volcanoes.

• To use the data for local geophysical research and risk assessment

• To improve global gas assessments, validate satellites and study correlation of gas emission in time and space

• In addition spectra will be used for atmospheric change research

Project Partners

Chalmers University B. Galle Heidelberg University U. Platt Institut Aerospatiale de Belgique (IASB), Belgium M. Van Roozendael Cambridge University, UK C. Oppenheimer IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany T. Hansteen Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA L. Molina University of Maryland, USA S. Carn

INGV-CT, Italy M. Burton Etna IPGP, France G. Boudon Reunion INETER, Nicaragua A. Muños San Cristobal, Masaya, Conception OVSICORI, Costa Rica E. Duarte Arenal, Turrialba INGEOMINAS, Colombia G. Garzon Galeras, Nevado del Ruiz, N. de Huila SNET, El Salvador D. Escobar San Miguel, Santa Ana OVG, D.R. Congo M. Kasereka Nyiaragongo UNAM, Mexico H. Delgado Popocatepetl, Colima IGEPN, Ecuador S. Hidalgo Tungurahua, Cotopaxi INSIVUMEH, Guatemala E. Sanchez Fuego, Santiaguito INGV-PA, Italy S. Inguaggiato Vulcano OVDAS, Chile T. Hansteen Villarrica, Llama IMO, Iceland K. Vogfjord Eyjafjallajokul, Hekla Phivolcs, Philippines (EOS, Singapore) Mayon

Volcano Observatories

Instrument, Networking and global data exploitation

Installations made until July 2011

Volcano Country Installed Date

San Cristobal Nicaragua 3 instruments Nov. 2006

Tungurahua Ecuador 3+1 instruments March 2007

Masaya Nicaragua 2 instruments April 2007

Popocatepetl Mexico 3+1 instruments May 2007

Nyiragongo D. R. Congo 4 instruments June 2007

Piton de Fournaise Reunion Island 3+1 instruments August 2007

Cotopaxi Ecuador 2 instruments Oct 2007 and 2010

Galeras Colombia 3 instruments Nov 2007

Colima Mexico 4 instruments Dec 2007 and Feb 2011

Santa Ana El Salvador 2 instruments April 2008

San Miguel El Salvador 2 instruments April 2008

Fuego Guatemala 2 instruments April 2008

Santiaguito Guatemala 2 instruments April 2008

Turrialba Costa Rica 4 instruments April 2008

Volcano Italy 1 instrument May 2008

Etna Italy 2+2 instruments July 2008

Villarrica Chile 2 instruments March 2009

Nevado de Huila Colombia 2 instruments March 2009

Nevado de Ruiz Colombia 2 instruments Nov 2009

Llama Chile 3 instruments Jan 2009

Ejyafjallajokul Iceland 2 instrument May 2010

Conception Nicaragua 2 instruments Feb 2011

Mayon Philippines 2 instruments April 2011

Hekla Iceland 2 instruments July 2011

64 instruments installed on 24 volcanoes,

Popocatépetl Colima

Santiaguito Fuego Telica

Concepción San Cristóbal

Masaya

Santa Ana San Miguel Arenal Turrialba

Nevado del Ruiz Nevado del Huila

Galeras Cotopaxi

Tungurahua Llaima

Villarica

Vulcano Stromboli Mount Etna

Nyiragongo Piton de la Fournaise

Harestua

Mayon

Hekla Eyjafjallajökull

Total number of scans in the NOVAC database

About 2.2 million scans April 2012

Average SO2 emission from NOVAC volcanoes (preliminary data, work in progress)

Eruption of Santa Ana Volcano, El Salvador 1 October 2005

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Eruption

Olmos et al, Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, 64 (2007), 2489-2506.

SO2 gas emission, Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia

Future

DORSIVA

Instrument development 2002 – 2005

Future

DORSIVA NOVAC

Instrument development Instrument implementation 2002 – 2005 2005 – 2010

Future

DORSIVA NOVAC

Instrument development Instrument implementation Data exploitation 2002 – 2005 2005 – 2010 2010 -

Risk assessment

Geophysical research

Environmental impact

Future

DORSIVA NOVAC

Instrument development Instrument implementation Data exploitation 2002 – 2005 2005 – 2010 2010 -

Risk assessment

Geophysical research

Support existing network Maintain archive, GEO Supply instruments Provide platform

Volcanology Atmospheric chemistry Environmental impact Instrument development

Volcano risk assessment Climate change modelling Satellite validation Volcanic ash advisory

Networking Research Data exploitation

Environmental impact

Thank you for your attention!