novec flow calc manual rev a

DESIGN & FLOW CALCULATION MANUAL

FOR

ENGINEERED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMSDesigned for use with

3M™ NOVEC™ 1230 FIRE PROTECTION FLUID

For use with Chemetron Flow Calculation ProgramCHEM-1230, Version 1.0.2

Issued July 1, 2004

Revision A

October 5, 2004

Manual Stock Number 30000066

ENGINEERED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS WITH3M™ NOVEC™ 1230 FIRE PROTECTION FLUID


S/N 30000066

ISSUED: 7/1/2004 REV. A REVISED: 10/5/2004 Page i

Contents

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiLIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiiREVISION PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivFOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vGENERAL COMMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

1 ENGINEERED SYSTEM DESIGN 1

1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Agent Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 The Piping System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 The Discharge Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 FLOW CALCULATIONS 9

2.1 Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.2 Design Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.3 Nozzle and Piping Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.4 Hydraulic Flow Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.5 Two-Phase Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

APPENDIX 51

Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92



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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATION PAGE NO.1.2.4.1A Graph: Novec 1230 Fluid - Calculated Cylinder Pressure vs.

Percent of Agent Supply Discharged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.2.4.1B Graph: Novec 1230 Fluid Discharge Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.4.1 Graph: Novec 1230 Fluid Density Specific Nozzle Flow Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.4.2 Graph: Chemetron 8 Port Nozzle Efficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.4.5 Graph: Cylinder Pressure Recession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.1.1.5A Orientation of Tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.1.1.5B Minimum Distance From Elbow to Tee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.3A Plan View - Above Floor System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.3B Plan View - Underfloor System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.4.1 Flow Calc Program Screen View - System Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.4.1.1.A Flow Calc Program Screen View - Project Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.4.1.1.B Flow Calc Program Screen View - Revision Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.4.1.1.C Flow Calc Program Screen View - Cylinder Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.1.1.E2 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Configuration Variables - Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.4.1.2 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Hazard Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.4.1.2.A2 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Class B fuels list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.4.1.3 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.4.1.3.A3 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Nozzle Reference Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.4.1.3.A7 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data - Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.4.1.3.A8 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data - Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.4.1.3.A9 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data - Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2.4.1.3.C Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data - Fixed Pounds & Orifices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.4.1.4.A Flow Calc Program Screen View - Calculation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2.4.1.4.B Flow Calc Program Screen View - Nozzle Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2.4.1.4.C Flow Calc Program Screen View - Hazard Concentration Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2.4.1.4.D Flow Calc Program Screen View - Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

2.4.1.5 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Print Data and Results or Print Output Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.4.1.5.C Flow Calc Program Screen View - Configure Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2.4.3.1 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Load Data File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2.4.5 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Volume/Weight/ConcentrationCalculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48



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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NUMBER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.2.1.1.4 Pipe Size vs. Flow Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.4.1.1.C Cylinder Capacity Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.4.1.3A8 Pipe Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Fitting Equivalent Length Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Cylinder/Check Valve Equivalent Length Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3/8" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1/2" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3/4" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1-1/4" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1-1/2" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37



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ISSUED: 7/1/2004 REV. A REVISED: 10/5/2004 Page iv

REVISION SHEETDate of issue for original and revised pages is:

Original . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 1, 2004Revision A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004

Section Number Page Numbers Revision DateTitle Page (blank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0General Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004Section 1.0 - 1.4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004Section 2.0 - 2.5.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0Appendix - Example #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 - 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004Appendix - Example #2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 - 67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004Appendix - Example #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 - 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004Appendix - Example #4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 - 83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004Appendix - Example #5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 - 91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004Appendix - Example #6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 - 99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 5, 2004



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ISSUED: 7/1/2004 REV. A REVISED: 10/5/2004 Page v

A World of Protection

4801 Southwick Drive, 3rd FloorMatteson, IL 60443Phone 708/748-1503 • Fax 708/748-2847Customer Service Fax 708/748-2908

Foreword

Chemetron Fire Systems reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it deems necessary withoutnotification. This publication is intended to describe the state of this product at the time of its publication, and maynot reflect the product at all times in the future. The software screen prints depicted in this manual are presentedfor reference and example purposes only and may not reflect the most current version of the Novec 1230 FluidFlow Calculation software (CHEM-1230.exe and support files).

This technical manual provides the necessary information for designing and performing flow calculations for aChemetron Engineered System with Novec 1230 fluid. This is a single volume technical manual arranged in 2sections, followed by an Appendix.

This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose, withoutthe express written consent of Chemetron Fire Systems.

Any questions concerning the information presented in this manual should be addressed to the Matteson Office.

Copyright © 2004 Chemetron Fire Systems. All Rights Reserved.Chemetron Fire Systems™ and Cardox® are registered trademarks of Chemetron Fire Systems.

3M and Novec are trademarks of 3M Company.



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ISSUED: 7/1/2004 REV. A REVISED: 10/5/2004 Page vi

General Comments

Factory Mutual Research Corporation does not accept metric unit calculations. They will not be approved forFactory Mutual installations.

UL, ULC & FMRC require multiple tiers of nozzles for heights above 16' 0" (4.88 M).

The calculation method used by Chemetron Fire Systems has been investigated using A-53, Schedule 40pipe and 300 lb malleable iron fittings for test installations.

When specified limitations noted in this manual and in the Chemetron software are not maintained, there isthe risk that the system will not supply the required amount of extinguishing agent.

For installation, design, operation and maintenance of Chemetron Fire Systems Fire Suppression Systemsdesigned for use with Novec 1230 fluid, please refer to the Beta, Gamma, & Sigma Series EngineeredSystems Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual, Part Number 30000058.

For installation, design, operation and service of Chemetron Fire Systems Marine Fire Suppression Systemsdesigned for use with Novec 1230 fluid, please refer to the Fire Protection System for Marine Service withNovec 1230 Fire Protection Fluid Design, Installation, Operation and Service Manual, Part Number30000067.



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ISSUED: 7/1/2004 REV. A REVISED: 10/5/2004 Page 1

1 ENGINEERED SYSTEM DESIGN

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 DecompositionAn adverse characteristic of Novec 1230 fluid is that it will decompose into toxic and corrosive byproductsif exposed to fire or to objects heated above 1,300oF (704oC). Such decomposition is kept at a negligiblelevel by rapidly discharging the agent so as to extinguish the flames promptly. This minimizes the quantityof agent that passes through a flame front at concentrations too low for flame extinguishment. Theproblem of Novec 1230 fluid decomposition has led to a requirement in NFPA 2001 that discharge of95 percent of the agent mass needed to achieve minimum design concentration be discharged within10 seconds. This 10 second discharge time requirement is very important in hazards where flammableliquids are likely to be the fuel.

1.1.2 Design DifficultiesThe requirement for a rapid discharge makes it more difficult to adequately mix or distribute Novec 1230fluid in the hazard area, but proper nozzle and orifice design can overcome this problem. The two-phasenature of the Novec 1230 fluid as it flows through pipes and orifices complicates the design of agentdistribution piping networks. The use of a computer program overcomes this difficulty. The “two-phase”compressible nature of agent flow also demands that piping installations are done in rigorous conformanceto the system design parameters. Such things as pipe that is rougher than the norm or the addition ofunanticipated changes in pipe direction can introduce performance problems - especially if the systemis “unbalanced” and intended to simultaneously flood separate compartments. Simple piping layoutshelp overcome this difficulty.

1.1.3 Flow CalculationPipe and nozzles for Chemetron systems with Novec 1230 fluid are sized using a computer program.The program is based on recognized hydraulic theory and the results of the program have been verifiedin rigorous laboratory tests. Calculations made with this program have been checked by FMRC, UL,and ULC to assure accuracy and determine the limitations beyond which it is not practicable to predictresults accurately. The calculations are based on an ambient cylinder temperature of 70oF ±10oF (21.1oC±5.5oC). Therefore, the cylinder shall be located in a climate controlled environment to ensure a tem-perature consistently within this range. Calculations performed on systems where the cylinders are notmaintained within this range may not be accurate and the designed quantities of agent may not bedischarged from one or more discharge nozzles.

1.1.4 System CheckWhile the basic computer program used for calculating pipe and orifice sizes cannot be checked bymanual means, there is a definite need to check the input information upon which the calculation is based.Since there may be inadvertent or necessary changes due to on-site job conditions, it is also essentialto check the system as calculated against the system as installed. All of this does not preclude thedesirability of an actual discharge test on the installed system to check for unanticipated circumstancesthat might influence overall system performance.



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1.2 Agent Characteristics

1.2.1 Pressure vs. TemperatureFor optimum pipeline flow characteristics over the entire range of possible ambient temperatures, it isnecessary to superpressurize the agent with another gas such as nitrogen. At the present time, onepressurization level is permitted: 360 psig measured at 70oF (25.8 bar at 21.1oC).

1.2.2 Nitrogen SuperpressureWhen a storage container is pressurized with nitrogen, some of the nitrogen goes into solution in theliquid phase. The volume of the liquid phase increases slightly because of the addition of nitrogen, whichbehaves as though it were liquefied. The remainder of the nitrogen remains in the vapor phase whereit combines with the partial pressure of Novec 1230 fluid vapor to produce the desired level ofpressurization when the system is in equilibrium at 70oF (21.1oC). If the ambient temperature rises, thepressure will increase and the volume of the liquid portion will also increase.

1.2.3 System DischargeThe delivery of Novec 1230 fluid into the hazard area is accomplished by means of a piping networkthat terminates in one or more specially designed discharge nozzles. In order to best study the dischargeof Novec 1230 fluid from the storage cylinder to the hazard area, it is desirable to consider the deliverysystem in three parts: the storage container, the piping system, and the discharge nozzle.

1.2.4 The Storage CylinderWhen the storage cylinder is open to the pipeline, pressure in the cylinder will force liquid from the bottomof the cylinder into the piping network. As the liquid is discharged, the pressure in the cylinder will dropand the volume of the vapor phase will increase. With the drop in pressure, nitrogen gas comes outof solution with the liquid and forms bubbles. These bubbles are not pure nitrogen, but contain propor-tionate amounts of Novec 1230 fluid vapor, depending upon the partial pressure relationship.

1.2.4.1 Pressure Recession

Pressure recession curves for filling densities of 35, 40, 50, 60, and 70 lbs./cu.ft. have been calculatedand are plotted in Figure 1.2.4.1A. These calculated pressure recession curves are based upon anassumption of thermodynamic equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases in the storage cylinder.In an actual system discharge, a sharp drop in pressure is noted during the initial rush of liquid into thepipeline. Figure 1.2.4.1B shows actual pressure versus time data taken during an Novec 1230 fluiddischarge. The cylinder pressure initially falls below the pressure calculated for the equilibrium condition.This effect is due to a time lag between the initial depressurization and the boiling of the liquid in thestorage container. As soon as the liquid begins to boil violently forming vapor bubbles, the surface areaof the liquid-vapor interface increases at a tremendous rate and the cylinder pressure recovers to followthe pressure recession curves for saturation equilibrium. It is assumed that virtually all of the vapor formedby boiling in the cylinder remains in the cylinder during the discharge and only the liquid phase entersthe pipeline. Depending upon the initial fill density, between 85% and 96% of the total contents isdischarged as liquid, with the remaining agent following as a residual vapor phase.



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NOVEC CYLINDER PRESSURE RECESSION

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

PERCENT DISCHARG ED

PRES

SUR

E (P

SIA

)

70 LB /CU FT 60 LB/CU FT 50 LB/CU FT 40 LB/CU FT 35 LB/CU FT

Figure 1.2.4.1A Calculated pressure in the storage container versus the percent of agent supply discharged from the container is plotted forthe 360 psig system.

Figure 1.2.4.1B Pressure versus time data taken during an actual Novec 1230 fluid discharge at 70 lbs/cu.ft. density.



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1.3 The Piping System

1.3.1 Pipeline FlowThe liquid continues to boil because of further pressure drop as it flows through the pipeline. Hence,the agent flowing in the pipeline is a true two-phase mixture of liquid and vapor. Since the volume ofthe vapor phase increases with the dropping pressure, the average density of the mixture falls off froman initial value of about 103 lbs/cu.ft. as it leaves the cylinder to values of 67 lbs/cu.ft. or less, dependingupon the pressure at the end of the pipeline. In order to maintain a constant flow rate through the pipeline,the velocity must continuously increase and, of course, the rate of pressure drop per foot of pipe alsoincreases. Hence, the rate of pressure drop for a given flow rate is not linear as with water, but is avariable depending upon the density existing at the particular point in the pipeline.

1.3.2 Pipeline DensityThe density of the two-phase mixture in the pipeline can be calculated on the basis of the thermodynamicproperties of the agent, taking into account the effects of the nitrogen used for superpressurization.The density of the agent as it leaves the cylinder varies from the start to the completion of the liquid phaseof the discharge. The starting density is lowest for the first portion of liquid to leave the cylinder andbecomes progressively greater until the final portion of liquid leaves the cylinder.

1.3.3 TemperatureAs the agent flows from the cylinder into the pipeline, the drop in cylinder pressure is accompanied bya drop in temperature. As the agent flows down the pipeline, the additional drop in pressure is likewiseaccompanied by a further drop in the agent temperature. The net effect is the introduction of a cold liquidinto the pipeline at ambient temperature.

1.3.4 Initial Vapor TimeAfter the cylinder valve opens, there is a brief period of time during which the air in the pipeline isdischarged from the nozzles. As Novec 1230 fluid begins flowing into the pipe, heat is extracted fromthe pipe until the temperature of the pipe is approximately the same as that of the flowing liquid. Thiseffect is most pronounced at the very beginning of the discharge. For the first few moments of thedischarge, virtually all of the liquid entering the pipeline is vaporized before it reaches the dischargenozzles. The mass flow rate for vapor averages about 75% of the rate for liquid in a given system.Therefore, this initial vaporization limits the flow rate until a type of equilibrium condition is achievedbetween agent temperature and pipe temperature.

1.3.5 Liquid FlowAt the beginning of the discharge, there will be a time delay between the opening of the cylinder valveand the time at which liquid begins to discharge from the nozzles. This delay in “liquid arrival time” atthe nozzle is due to three physical phenomena: evacuation of air from the pipe, the time needed for thepressure wave to travel from the cylinder outlet to the nozzles, and vaporization of some liquid Novec1230 fluid due to heat input from the pipe. The delay for each nozzle to begin discharging liquid mayvary in an unbalanced system - nozzles close to the cylinder may begin discharging liquid somewhatbefore more distant nozzles. After these initial transient conditions, the mass flow rate in the systemis relatively constant until the last of the liquid phase leaves the cylinder. The last “slug” of liquid leavingthe cylinder is propelled by residual vapor in the cylinder. Transient conditions again take effect as theliquid discharge ends and the nozzles discharge the residual vapor. The end of liquid occurs at slightlydifferent times for the various nozzles. Nozzles closer to the cylinder generally will stop dischargingliquid sooner than more distant nozzles.



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NO VEC 70 lb/cu ft FILL DENSITY SPECIFIC NO ZZLE FLO W RATES

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

PRESSURE (PSIA)

SPEC

IFIC

RA

TE (l

bs/s

ec/s

q in

)

Figure 1.4.1

1.3.6 Phase SeparationAs already noted in paragraph 1.3.1, the liquid phase of the discharge, in reality, contains a mixture ofboth liquid and vapor. In a properly sized pipeline, the velocity will be so great that the flow is in a highlyturbulent state and the liquid and vapor phases will be uniformly mixed. However, if the pipe size is toolarge for the flow rate, the liquid and vapor phase may tend to separate. If such separation does occur,the pipeline flow pattern will take one of two forms - both of them very undesirable: 1) alternate slugsof liquid and vapor will flow through the pipe; or 2) the liquid phase will run along the bottom of the pipelinewhile the vapor phase flows above it. If such separation were to occur in a branch line leading directlyto a nozzle, the discharge from that nozzle would be sporadic due to the alternate flow of the liquid andvapor phases. The computerized flow calculation also uses a friction factor for system piping that isbased on turbulent flow conditions. In order to help assure turbulent flow, minimum flow rates arespecified based on pipe diameter. The minimum flow rates are tabulated in paragraph 2.1.1.4.

1.4 The Discharge NozzleThe discharge nozzle is the ultimate device that delivers the agent to the hazard area. The nozzle flowrate is dependent upon the velocity, pressure and density of the agent as it enters the nozzle. The flowrate from any nozzle device is limited to the amount of flow that the pipeline can deliver to the nozzle.

1.4.1 Maximum Pipeline FlowThe maximum flow rate that can be carried by a pipe at a given velocity, pressure and density conditionis determined by the laws of energy conservation. Figure 1.4.1 shows calculated maximum pipelinespecific flow rates as a function of total nozzle pressure for the 360 psig (25.8 bar) storage condition.The densities used for this calculation correspond to the average pipeline densities for the various systemswith a factor added to compensate for velocity effects. These figures represent the maximum flow ratesthat might be expected from an open-end pipe at the given pressures. Any orifice attached to the endof a pipe will necessarily restrict the flow rate to something less than these maximum figures.



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Figure 1.4.2 Nozzle efficiencies for the Chemetron 8 port nozzle are related to the ratio of total orifice area to feed-pipe area. SeeNote in Paragraph 1.4.2.

1.4.2 Nozzle RatingNozzles are rated in terms of their efficiency relative to “perfect” flow from an open ended pipe. Thus,all nozzle rates will fall between 0 and 100 percent. It is not possible to increase the rate of flow froma pipeline by attaching a nozzle. Hence, it is impossible to have a nozzle with efficiency greater than100. Because of geometry considerations for the Chemetron 8 port nozzle, the maximum ratio of nozzleorifice area to feed pipe area is limited to 85% for all nozzles except the 1/4" NPT nozzle. The limit is75% for the 1/4" NPT nozzle. This information has been plotted in Figure 1.4.2.

NOTE

THE 1/4" NOZZLES ARE NOT UL LISTED NOR FMRC APPROVED.

1.4.3 Nozzle Characteristic CurveTest work using a nozzle with radial discharge ports was done to determine the relationship betweenorifice area, feed pipe area, and nozzle efficiency. The results of this test work are summarized in Figure1.4.2. This figure shows the relationship between the percent of open-end pipeline flow rate permittedby a nozzle and the ratio of actual orifice hole area to feed pipe cross-sectional area. This data is validonly for the Chemetron Fire Systems’ line of eight port nozzles. Other orifice geometries will yield theirown characteristic code vs. area-ratio curve.



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Figure 1.4.5

1.4.4 Average Pressure ConditionsSince the changing conditions in the storage cylinder throughout the discharge are reflected at the nozzle,an average condition for purposes of calculation must be chosen. The volume of piping, however, hasa marked effect on the average pressure, density, and velocity conditions at the nozzle. It is the averageconditions at the nozzles that ultimately determine the quantity and duration of agent discharge fromeach nozzle.

1.4.5 Average Nozzle PressureThe average nozzle pressure is chosen at the point in the discharge when half of the liquid phase ofthe agent has left the nozzle. The pressure drop between the storage container and nozzle should becalculated for this point in time. In order to choose the proper cylinder pressure for this calculation, thequantity of agent that resides in the pipe must be considered. For example, consider a system in which20% of the agent weight resides in the pipeline during equilibrium discharge. When 50% of this liquidphase has been discharged from the nozzle, approximately 70% of the agent will have left the storagecontainer. The pressure in the cylinder at this point in time will be that indicated on the storage pressurerecession curve for the 70% outage condition. Figure 1.4.5 depicts this situation.



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1.4.6 Liquid Arrival TimeThe amount of time required for the initial slug of liquid to travel from the cylinder to each of the nozzlesis the Liquid Arrival Time. This time is dependent on both the length of pipe between the cylinder andnozzle and the velocity of liquid in the pipe. The difference between the longest and shortest initial vaportime cannot exceed 2 seconds.

1.4.7 Liquid Runout TimeAs the last slug of liquid leaves the cylinder, residual vapor follows. On an unbalanced piping systemthere may be a difference in time at which the liquid-vapor interface reaches the various nozzles. Theprogram limit is set at a 6.3 second maximum difference in the liquid runout time.



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2 FLOW CALCULATIONS

2.1 Design CriteriaThe Chemetron Fire Systems method of flow calculation is embodied in a computer program that iscapable of computing flow to a very high degree of accuracy, provided proper input data is supplied.

2.1.1 LimitationsAny distribution system that does not employ exactly the same actual and equivalent lengths of pipefrom the storage cylinder to each nozzle, and the same orifice sizes for each nozzle has some degreeof system imbalance. Such systems are, however, the rule rather than the exception. Due to structuralcomponents present at the job site, it is often impossible to install perfectly balanced piping systems.However, it is desirable to maintain balanced piping whenever possible.

2.1.1.1 Splits at Bullhead Tees

The mechanical separation of phases that is evidenced at bullhead tees is outside classical thermo-dynamic theory. In order to predict the amount of agent that will be discharged from nozzles fed bybullhead tees, a correction for this phase separation must be incorporated in the flow calculation. Thecorrection is an empirical factor based on a body of laboratory test data. The empirical correction isadequate for bullhead splits with as little as 25% of the flow going to the “minor” branch. Of course, theupper limit of the correction is a balanced, “50-50” split at a bullhead tee.

2.1.1.2 Splits at Side-Thru Tees

A similar empirical correction for side-thru tee phase separation effects is incorporated in the flowcalculation program. The empirical correction is adequate for side branch flows from 10% up to 35%of the incoming flow.

2.1.1.3 Discharge Time

NFPA 2001 currently requires that 95% of the design quantity shall be discharged within 10 secondsor less from start of discharge. A system must, therefore, be designed to meet this criterion unless theauthority having jurisdiction permits a longer discharge time. The Chemetron program is listed for dis-charge times between 5 seconds and 10 seconds.

2.1.1.4 Minimum Flow Rates

The pipe friction factor embodied in the energy conservation equation used to calculate pressure dropfor two-phase flow in fire protection systems is based on the premise that highly turbulent flow is presentin the pipeline. Also, a high degree of turbulence must be maintained in pipe sections that approachdividing points. The pipe size that can be used for a given flow rate is thus based upon the minimumflow rate required to maintain complete turbulence. This limitation is shown in Figure 2.1.1.4 andis automatically taken into consideration when the computer selects pipe sizes for the system. Flowrates as low as 60% of the minimum rates on the graph may be used in branch lines that leaddirectly to nozzles with no intervening flow division.



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Table 2.1.1.4 - Pipe Size vs Flow Rate

Pipe SizeNominal

Inches (mm)

Schedule 40 Pipe Schedule 80 PipeMinimum Flow Rate

For All SectionsLeading to a Tee

60% of Flow RateFor All Sections

Ending with a Nozzle

Minimum Flow RateFor All SectionsLeading to a Tee

60% of Flow RateFor All Sections

Ending with a NozzleLbs/Sec Kg/Sec Lbs/Sec Kg/Sec Lbs/Sec Kg/Sec Lbs/Sec Kg/Sec

1/4 (8) 0.68 0.31 0.41 0.19 0.30 0.14 0.18 0.08

3/8 (10) 1.55 .70 0.93 .42 1.06 0.48 0.64 0.29

1/2 (15) 2.58 1.17 1.55 .70 1.95 0.88 1.17 0.53

3/4 (20) 4.53 2.05 2.72 1.23 3.68 1.67 2.21 1.00

1 (25) 7.29 3.31 4.37 1.98 6.08 2.76 3.65 1.65

1-1/4 (32) 12.67 5.75 7.60 3.45 10.83 4.91 6.50 2.95

1-1/2 (40) 17.46 7.92 10.48 4.75 15.06 6.83 9.04 4.10

2 (50) 29.82 13.53 17.89 8.12 25.96 11.78 15.58 7.07

2-1/2 (65) 44.06 19.99 26.44 11.99 38.51 17.47 23.11 10.48

3 (80) 71.34 32.36 42.80 19.42 62.96 28.56 37.78 17.13

3-1/2 90 98.32 44.60 58.99 26.76 87.46 39.67 52.48 23.80

4 (100) 129.28 58.64 77.57 35.18 115.87 52.56 69.52 31.53

5 (125) 205.71 93.31 123.43 55.99 187.31 84.96 112.39 50.98

6 (150) 286.54 129.97 171.92 77.98 262.77 119.19 157.66 71.51

NOTE: The pipe friction factor embodied in the energy conservation equation used to calculate pressure drop fortwo-phase flow in fire protection systems is based on the premise that highly turbulent flow is present in thepipeline. Also, a high degree of turbulence must be maintained in pipe sections that approach dividing points.The pipe size that can be used for a given flow rate is thus based upon the minimum flow rate required tomaintain complete turbulence.

This limitation is tabulated in the Table and is automatically taken into consideration when the computerselects pipe sizes for the system. Flow rates as low as 60% of the tabulated minimum rates may be used inbranch lines that lead directly to nozzles with no intervening flow division.

NOTE

THE 1/4" NOZZLES ARE NOT UL LISTED NOR FMRC APPROVED.

2.1.1.5 Tee Installation

Pipe tees supplying branch lines are to be installed with both outlets discharging horizontally.This is to eliminate any possible effect of gravity upon the degree of liquid-vapor separation. This limitationdoes not apply to manifold piping for groups of cylinders where flow is combining rather than dividing.

There must be a minimum of 10 nominal pipe diameters between an elbow and the inlet to any tee (doesnot apply in manifolds where flow is combining).



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Figure 2.1.1.5A - Orientation of Tees : Tee outlets should be placed in the horizontal plane to minimizegravitational effects on liquid - vapor separation

Figure 2.1.1.5B - Minimum Distance From Elbow to Tee: Minimizes centripetal effects on liquid - vapor separation beforeentering a flow split.



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2.1.1.6 Ratio of Agent in Pipe Limit

This limit is 99.5%. This was established through testing. This limit is defined as follows:

Volume of pipe x density of the agent in storage / quantity of agent in storage

2.1.1.7 Minimum Nozzle Pressures

The minimum nozzle pressure for which the Chemetron 8 port nozzle is approved is 75 psia (4.1 bar).

If the program is used to calculate an “as-built” system, it will calculate lower nozzle pressures - an erroror warning message will result if pressures below the pressures required for the approval agencies arecalculated.

2.1.1.8 Maximum Orifice Size

A. 360o Nozzle

The maximum nozzle orifice size that may be used in the system is limited in two ways. First thereis a limit on the ratio of actual nozzle orifice area to cross section area of the feed pipe. This ratiois limited to 85% for all Chemetron 360o - 8 port nozzles except the 1/4" NPT size. The internalgeometries of the 1/4" NPT size nozzle are such that the ratio of actual nozzle orifice area to crosssectional area of the feed pipe is 75%. NOTE: The 1/4" nozzle is not FMRC approved or UL listed.This limitation is checked by the computer and could be checked manually. (For details regardingthe second limitation, see paragraph C below.)

B. 180o Nozzle

Due to geometric constraints and the need to keep a sharp-edged orifice, in sizes up to and including3/4" NPT (19 mm), the 180o sidewall nozzle has a lower ratio of orifice area to feed pipe area. Thisvalue is different for each size nozzle through 3/4" NPT. The program checks the calculated orificearea to see if the optimal nozzle calculated is within the acceptable range. If it is not, the programwill show “Not Avail.” in the nozzle stock number column.

C. Common to Both 360o and 180o Nozzle

For both 360o and 180o nozzles there is a limit on the ratio of flow through the nozzle to the theoreticalmaximum flow that the feed pipe branch could carry under the calculated pressure, density andtemperature conditions. This limit is 65% of the maximum feed pipe flow. The computer checksthis. This limitation serves two purposes: 1) it insures that the nozzle, and not the equivalent lengthof the pipe run, will control the amount of discharge from that nozzle; and 2) it provides an automaticcheck against calculating systems having nozzle flow rates that cannot be achieved under thecalculated terminal pressure conditions.

2.1.1.9 Minimum Orifice Area

The minimum nozzle orifice area ratio relative to the cross section area of feed pipe is 20%.

2.1.1.10 Transient Effect Limits

A program limit is set to permit no more than 2 seconds difference between the shortest and longestliquid arrival times at the system nozzles. If the time difference is greater than 2 seconds, an errormessage is generated. A similar limit is set for the end of liquid times for the various nozzles in thesystem. If the maximum difference in calculated end of liquid times is greater than 6.3 seconds, an errormessage is generated.



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2.2 Design PhilosophyThe basic philosophy underlying the method of flow calculation presented herein is to provide a mathe-matical model of the events that take place during an actual Novec 1230 fluid discharge. In the finalanalysis, the main criteria for a good design procedure is that it accurately predict the amountof agent that each nozzle in the system will discharge. The calculating procedure has been testedand shown to be accurate within plus 10% or minus 10% of the actual distribution. All of theconsiderations mentioned in the first chapter of this manual are taken into account in the computerizedmethod of system design. The following considerations are also made in the computerized designprocedure.

2.2.1 Average Cylinder Pressure During DischargeThe average pressure in the storage containers for purposes of flow calculation is dependent upon boththe cylinder fill density and, as already discussed, percent in the pipe. Calculations may be based uponcylinder fill densities of 35, 40, 50, 60, or 70 lbs/ft3 (560.7, 640.8, 801, 961.2, 1121.4 kg/m3).

2.2.2 Velocity HeadThe velocity of flow is constantly changing as the agent proceeds from the storage cylinder in route tothe nozzles. This conversion of pressure energy to velocity, necessitated by the changing density, isaccounted for in the two-phase flow equation. When a change in pipe size is encountered or when theflow branches, an added change in the velocity of flow must occur. If the velocity is increased, therewill be a drop in pressure to provide the energy needed for acceleration. If the velocity is reduced, aportion of the velocity head energy is converted back to pressure. These changes are over and abovethose accounted for in the two-phase energy conservation equation. Correction for these effects isautomatically made in the computer program.

2.2.3 Elevation ChangesHead pressure corrections are made in each pipe section where a change of elevation takes place.The corrections are based upon the calculated density of the fluid as it enters each such section.

When the elevation difference between outlet tees is in excess of 40 feet (12.2 m), consideration shouldbe given to rerouting piping to reduce the elevation difference between tees. Even though soundengineering theory is used to predict pressure changes due to elevation, no actual testing has beenperformed incorporating the combination of maximum and/or minimum limits with elevations outsidethis range.

1. If nozzles are located above the container outlet, then the maximum elevation difference betweenthe container outlet and the furthest horizontal pipe run or discharge nozzle (whichever is furthest)shall not exceed 40 feet (12.2 m).

2. If nozzles are only located below the container outlet, then the maximum elevation difference betweenthe container outlet and the furthest horizontal pipe run or discharge nozzle (whichever is furthest)shall not exceed 40 feet (12.2 m).

3. If nozzles are located both above and below the container outlet, then the maximum elevationdifference between the furthest horizontal pipe runs or discharge nozzles (whichever is furthest)shall not exceed 40 feet (12.2 m).



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2.3 Nozzle and Piping LayoutThe first step in designing the piping distribution system is to prepare a layout of nozzle location, storagelocation, and piping on a suitable plan drawing of the hazard. Such a layout is illustrated in Figures 2.3A& 2.3B. Note that the nozzles are installed at the same elevation. The following points should beconsidered:

2.3.1 Nozzle LocationThe Chemetron Fire Systems line of total flooding nozzles was tested to demonstrate adequate distributionover a nominal area of 1,248 ft2 (115.9 m2).

The 360o nozzle cannot be mounted in a corner or against a wall. The maximum discharge radiusis 25.0 ft (7.6 m). A single nozzle may be used to flood a rectangular area of a nominal 1,248ft2 (115.9 m2), with the longest side of this rectangle not to exceed 35.4 ft (10.8 m). Nozzlesmust be oriented so that a pair of orifice holes parallels the wall of the enclosure. These nozzlesshould be centered in the area of protection when multiple nozzles are discharged into the samehazard.

The maximum throw distance of the 180o nozzle is 35.0 ft (10.7 m). The maximum distance between180o nozzles is 35.4 feet (10.8 m). The maximum coverage distance from the nozzle to a wall is 17.7feet (5.4 m). The 180o nozzle must be installed at no more than 6 inches (15.2 cm) from the enclosurewall and at a maximum of 14.0 inches (35.6 cm) down from the ceiling.

For UL, ULC, and FMRC, the maximum enclosure height that may be flooded by a single tierof nozzles is 16 feet (4.88 m) with the nozzle located no more than 14.0 inches (35.6 cm) belowthe ceiling.

Before using a single nozzle at the maximum area or volume rating, consideration should be given towhether the contents of the hazard might be damaged by the resultant high velocity discharge. In hazardssuch as computer rooms or areas where fragile apparatus is stored, the number of nozzles used to floodan area should be increased so as to limit discharge velocities to a safe level. After considering possibledamage to the hazard by the Novec 1230 fluid discharge and determining a reasonable area [not toexceed 1,248 ft2 (115.9 m2)] to be covered by each nozzle, the nozzles should be located. The Chemetron8 port nozzles must be placed in the center of each area. The discharge rate for each nozzle shouldbe based upon flooding the volume protected by that nozzle within the design discharge time.

2.3.2 Underfloor NozzlesThe maximum area of coverage for a single nozzle in an underfloor is likewise 1,248 ft2 (115.9 m2) withthe same limitations on height and positioning noted in the preceding paragraphs. The MINIMUM heightof an underfloor that may be protected is 12 inches (30.5 cm). The coverage possible in an underflooris dependent upon the density of cables, runways, and other equipment that might be present in theunderfloor space. The maximum figures should be used only for underfloors that will be relatively open.This requires some judgment on the part of the designer, but in general, if the horizontal line of sightis more than 70% obstructed in an underfloor, these maximum figures should be reduced by 50%.



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Figure 2.3A Plan View - Above Floor System Figure 2.3B Plan View - Underfloor System

2.3.3 Cylinder Storage LocationIdeally, the storage cylinder should be located in an area where the ambient temperature is at least 60oF(15.6oC). Since systems are designed for a 70oF (21.1oC) storage condition, optimum performance canbe expected if the storage area is kept near 70oF (21.1oC). For unbalanced systems, proper distributionand adequate system performance is approved for storage temperatures of 70oF ±10oF (21.1oC ±5.5oC).Calculations performed on systems where the cylinders are not maintained within this range may notbe accurate and the required quantities of agent may not be discharged from one or more nozzles.

NOTE

THE AMBIENT STORAGE TEMPERATURE MUST BE BETWEEN 0OF (-17.8OC) TO 130OF (54.4OC).



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2.3.4 Pipe RoutingThe piping between storage containers and nozzles should be by the shortest route, with a minimumof elbows and fittings. Every attempt should be made to keep the system in reasonable balance bysupplying the nozzles from a central point, if this can be done without substantially increasing the lengthand volume of the piping. The maximum pipe run permissible will be somewhat proportional to the totalquantity of agent to be discharged. All piping elevation changes should be clearly indicated so that thesewill not be overlooked in flow calculations.

2.3.5 Pipe SectionsThe piping system must now be divided into sections and identified for flow calculation purposes. Anisometric sketch of the piping is helpful at this point. (Refer to Figures 2.3A and 2.3B.) Beginning atthe first storage cylinder, the first piping section shall begin at point 1 within the cylinder and terminateat point 2 where the connector from the cylinder joins the cylinder manifold. The next section, beginningat point 2, must include the entire straight portion of the manifold. A new pipe section is identifiedwhenever there is a change of pipe size or flow rate, or an elevation change. Pipe sections terminateat the junction of each tee in the system and tees are included in the sections that follow them. Nozzlesare identified by a series of ID numbers from 301 to 499.

2.4 Hydraulic Flow Calculation Program (CHEM-1230)The next step in system design is to provide the necessary design parameters to the computer programto numerically model the system accurately. The program, CHEM-1230, has been written within theWindows™ environment. (It is our assumption that the user has a basic knowledge of this operatingsystem and its operation will not be directly addressed within this manual.) The computer program willestablish pipe sizes, calculate terminal pressures, discharge time, and nozzle drill sizes. The primaryrequirement for a proper calculation is that the system be modeled into the computer correctly. Therefore,the parameters may be printed out as well as the calculation results. This makes it possible to verifythe input data against the intended design parameters and/or the actual installation. It is possible toinput either the flow rate required for each nozzle or the existing nozzle drill sizes.

The Chemetron flow calculation program for Novec 1230 fluid has been divided into three main areas:Commands Available, Output and File Utilities.

NOTE THE CALCULATION INFORMATION CAN BE ENTERED AND DISPLAYED IN US STANDARD OR METRIC UNITS. IT CANBE CONVERTED AT ANY TIME UPON COMMAND BY SIMPLY USING THE METRIC CHECK BOX.



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Figure 2.4.1 Flow Calc Program - Commands Available

2.4.1 Commands AvailableThis area has been subdivided into five categories:

System InformationHazard InformationPiping Model DataCalculate and Display ResultsClear All Current Data

For reference only, a Vol/Lbs/% calculator, a CARDOX valve equivalent length chart, and a minimumflow rate chart have been included.



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Figure 2.4.1.1.A Flow Calc Program - Project Data

2.4.1.1 System InformationWithin the System Information screen there are four submenus:

Project DataRevisionCylinder DataConfiguration Variables

A. The Project Data section consists of the following data:

1. Project Number: Reference number

2. Project Name: Name of project or end user

3. Site Location: Installation location

4. Hazard Name: Name of protected hazard.



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Figure 2.4.1.1.B Flow Calc Program - Revision Version Data Field

B. Revision: This data field is used to track versions/changes on a specific data file and/or submittal.

C. Discharge Time (sec.):

By default, this is set to 10 seconds. This box is here for troubleshooting purposes. If you have acalculation that runs longer than 10 seconds, you can decrease this value and the flow calculationwill increase the discharge rate to try to accommodate the new discharge time setting. Alternatively,you can set this value higher than 10 in order to attempt to achieve some type of results by decreasingthe rate. This is helpful if the pressures drop to 15 psia (1.03 bar).

D. The Cylinder Data section consists of the following data:

1. Pounds/Cylinder (Kilograms/Cylinder): This data field is used to input the actual amount ofNovec 1230 fluid required per cylinder.

2. Number of Cylinders: The number of cylinders required to contain the amount of Novec 1230fluid required for a discharge. This value may be entered by one of two means: the value maybe directly entered into this field or a value may be selected from the drop-down list, which canbe accessed by clicking onto the arrow at the right of the data field.

3. Cylinder Capacity: This data field is used to input the description of the actual type of cylindersto be used. The nominal cylinder capacity is displayed for the chosen cylinder assembly alongwith its minimum and maximum cylinder capacity. By clicking on the arrow at the right of thefield, additional cylinder choices may be viewed. User Specified Beta, Gamma, and Sigmacan be selected from the list for special cylinder capacities, in which case the cylinder volumecapacity will need to be inputted and either the Beta, Gamma, or Sigma valve selected.



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Figure 2.4.1.1.C Flow Calc Program - Cylinder Data

TABLE 2.4.1.1.C - CYLINDER CAPACITY CHART

CYLINDER

CAPACITY

CYLINDER

CAPACITY

MINIMUM MAXIMUM MINIMUM MAXIMUM

LBS KG LBS KG LBS KG LBS KG

Alpha Cylinders Beta CylindersAlpha 10# 6 2.7 12 5.4 Beta 40# 21 9.5 41 18.6Alpha 20# 12 5.4 23 10.4 Beta 55# 28 12.7 55 24.9

Gamma Cylinders Beta 95# 48 21.8 96 43.5

Gamma 150# 82 37.2 163 73.9 Sigma CylindersGamma 250# 138 62.6 274 124.3 Sigma 600# 304 137.9 607 275.3Gamma 400# 211 95.7 421 191.0 Sigma 750# 455 206.4 910 412.8Gamma 550# 282 127.9 500 226.8 Sigma 1000# 620 281.2 1,000 562.0

NOTE: Chemetron Alpha cylinder/valve assemblies are not UL and ULC listed nor FMRC approved.

WARNING

WHEN THE CYLINDER CAPACITY FIELD FOR “USER SPECIFIED” BETA, GAMMA, AND SIGMA CYLINDERS IS USED,FACTORY MUTUAL RESEARCH CORPORATION APPROVAL AND UL LISTING HAVE BEEN VOIDED.



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Figure 2.4.1.1.E2 Flow Calc Program - Configuration Variables - Altitude

4. Max Capacity: This is a read only field and is intended to inform the user of the maximumcapacity of Novec 1230 fluid to which the cylinder selected may be filled.

5. Pipe Temp: The initial average pipe temperature shall be inputted here to accurately calculatethe vapor portion of the discharge. UL listing and FMRC approval is based upon a temperatureof 70oF ±10oF (21.1oC ±5.5oC). Calculations performed on systems where the cylinders are notmaintained within this range may not be accurate and the required quantities of agent may notbe discharged from one or more discharge nozzles.

6. Cylinder Volume [ft3 (m3)]: This heading will only appear when either the Beta User Specified,Gamma User Specified, Sigma User Specified, or User Specified cylinder option is selected.This shall be used to accurately compute the minimum and maximum fills for a unique cylinder.

NOTE

WHEN A BETA CYLINDER IS CHOSEN IN THE CYLINDER CAPACITY DROP DOWN LIST AND THE MAIN AND RESERVECHECK BOX IS CHECKED, THERE WILL BE NO EQUIVALENT LENGTH CHANGE IN LINE 1 OF THE PIPING MODEL.THIS BECAUSE THE OVERSIZED CHECK VALVE USED HAS A NEGLIGIBLE EQUIVALENT LENGTH.

7. Main/Reserve: Automatically adds the equivalent length of a required check valve for main andreserve systems.

E. The Configuration Variables section consists of the following data:

1. Report Title: The data entered here will appear in the general heading area on all printouts.The intended use is to allow Chemetron distributors to incorporate their company name into theprintouts.

2. Altitude: This data field allows for the installation of a system from -3000 feet (-.914 km) belowsea level up to 10000 feet (3.05 km) above sea level. These values may be selected from thedrop-down list. These values are established in NFPA 2001.



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Figure 2.4.1.2 Flow Calc Program - Hazard Data

3. Calculation Method: The calculation may be performed by either Automatic or Manual means.The automatic mode will not allow the user to view the current attempt to solve the data intoa satisfactory result and does not require any user interface during the calculation. The manualmode will pause after each attempt to solve the system design parameters. This will allow theuser to view the results - acceptable or not - of the previous calculation run. This manual modemay aid the user in troubleshooting a problematic design.

4. Nozzle Material: Allows the choice of either stainless steel or brass nozzles.

5. Exclude Pipe Sizes: When selected, it will force the flow calculation module to ignore a givenpipe size(s).

NOTE DUE TO PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE LIMITATIONS, THIS MAY INCREASE THE DIFFICULTY IN GETTING VALIDCALCULATION RESULTS.

2.4.1.2 Hazard InformationWithin the Hazard Information screen there are three subcategories:

Hazard DataArea DataArea Nozzle List

An example of an area would be a room. All nozzles must be in the same room. Individual data mustbe entered for each area to ensure that the appropriate amount of Novec 1230 fluid is divided accordingly.This portion of the program will model the data for each area. UL and FMRC will accept no less thana 4.2% design concentration in any application.

Additional areas may be added to the data list to calculate more than one area simultaneously. Example:room area, underfloor and false ceiling.



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Figure 2.4.1.2.A2 - Class B fuels list

A. Hazard Data

The first section is used to input the hazard area name(s) for reference, concentration required andthe temperature.

1. Area Name: Enter the name of the specific area.

2. Fire Type: Three choices are available - Class A Fire,Class B Fire and Class C Fire. The default designconcentration is 4.2%. If Class B Fire is chosen, a formappears that lists all of the Class B fuels that havebeen tested and the extinguishing concentration re-quired. Simply select the Class B fuel being protectedand click the Okay button - the appropriate concentra-tion will be inserted into the hazard data grid. To cancelyour selection, click the close button to close the form;the default selections - 4.2% design concentration andClass A Fire - will be inserted into the hazard data grid.Class C fires are defined by NFPA 2001 as “fires thatinvolve energized electrical equipment where theelectrical non-conductivity of the extinguishing mediais important.” This means that if the equipment cannotbe de-energized in a fire condition, it must be treated as a Class C fire.

3. % Concentration: Enter the required concentration here.

4. Temperature: Enter the temperature for the area.

5. Total Volume: This field is provided for information only and may not be modified. This fieldwill indicate the total volume of the area as input into the Area Data section below.

B. Area Data

Enter the appropriate values in the Length, Width and Height fields and the program will computethe correct room volume and amount of agent required automatically. As you will note, the Widthand Height fields are both set to a default of 1. If the volume is known, enter it into the Length datafield and leave the Width and Height fields as 1. Once the data has been entered, clicking on theAdd button will assign this data to the current hazard.

C. Area Nozzle List

Each area will have one or more nozzles within it. This section is intended to model the nozzlesfor a particular area. Each nozzle has a unique ID number. These numbers are automaticallyassigned and are incremental. Two types of nozzles are included in the program: the 8 Port 360o

discharge pattern (Style F) nozzle and the 8 Port 180o discharge pattern (Style J) nozzle. The nozzleIDs available for 360o radial nozzles are 301-399; for 180o radial nozzles, IDs range from 401-499.

D. Add and Delete Data In The Hazard Data Screen

1. Add: Once the correct values have been entered into the editing box, clicking on the Add buttonwithin that section will temporarily save the data to the screen. Another line of data may thenbe entered on the blank line created at the bottom of the grid.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.3 Flow Calc Program - Piping Data

Figure 2.4.1.3.A3 - Hazard nozzle reference box

2. Delete: To delete a line of data from the data file, the name of the area containing the datato be deleted must appear in the Current Hazard box of the Hazard Data section. Click on thearea name with the mouse so that the appropriate information is reflected on the Current Hazardbox. Again, the corresponding data will appear in the Area Data and Area Nozzle List sections.Move the mouse to the appropriate field and click on the line to be deleted. Clicking on theDelete button will delete this data.

2.4.1.3 Piping DataThe Piping Data is the heart of the system model; it’s the area where the pipe and pounds/nozzle datais recorded. Several pieces of information are required. The following is a brief description of each ofthe columns.

A. Column Headings and Descriptions

1. Nodes: These points identify the section of pipe,nozzle or a cylinder that is being modeled.

2. Start: This indicates the beginning of a pipe, manifold, or cylinder section.

3. End: This indicates the end of the same section. If this line is a nozzle, clicking the button thatappears in this cell will cause a hazard nozzle reference box to be visible. Here the user canscroll through the hazards and select the desired nozzle.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.3.A7 Flow Calc Program - Piping Data - Type

4. Cyl Qty: The quantity of cylinders flowing through this specific section of piping.

5. Pipe Len: Total length of pipe expressed in feet or meters, including any elevation changes.

6. Elev: Change of elevation within the pipe section, expressed in feet or meters.

A positive number indicates a rise in elevation. A negative number indicates a drop in elevation.A zero (0) indicates no change in elevation.

7. Type: Type of pipe to be installed. There are several types available, accessible through thepop-down, for use:

a. 40T: Schedule 40 pipe with threaded fittings.

b. 40W: Schedule 40 pipe with welded fittings.

c. 80T: Schedule 80 pipe with threaded fittings.

d. 80W: Schedule 80 pipe with welded fittings.

e. 40G: Schedule 40 pipe with grooved fittings.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.3.A8 Flow Calc Program - Piping Data - Size

8. Size: The size of pipe in the section. By accessing the pop-down window, choices from zero(0) (no fixed pipe size) to 6" (150 mm) are available.

NOTE

BOTH THE INTERNAL PIPE DIAMETER AND THE MASS OF THE PIPE ARE USED IN THE HYDRAULIC CALCULATION.IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT THE PIPE USED FOR INSTALLATION HAS A DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS (WITHINTOLERANCES SPECIFIED IN ANSI AND ASTM STANDARD) USED IN THE CALCULATION. THE WEIGHT PER UNITLENGTH OF THE PIPE IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE INTERNAL DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS. THE FOLLOWINGTABLE GIVES THE NOMINAL PIPE SIZES WITH THE PIPE DIAMETER AND WEIGHT PER UNIT LENGTH USED IN THEHYDRAULIC CALCULATION.



S/N 30000066


Sch

edul

e 80

Table 2.4.1.3.A8 - Pipe Size

PipeType

Nominal Pipe Size ID(inches)

Weight(lb/ft)

ID(mm)

Weight(kg/m)inch mm

Sch

edul

e 40

1/8 6 0.269 0.24 6.83 0.36

1/4 8 0.364 0.42 9.25 0.63

3/8 10 0.493 0.57 12.52 0.85

1/2 15 0.622 0.85 15.80 1.26

3/4 20 0.824 1.13 20.93 1.68

1 25 1.049 1.68 26.64 2.50

1-1/4 32 1.380 2.27 35.05 3.38

1-1/2 40 1.610 2.72 40.89 4.05

2 50 2.067 3.65 52.50 5.43

2-1/2 65 2.469 5.79 62.71 8.62

3 80 3.068 7.58 77.93 11.28

3-1/2 90 3.548 9.11 90.12 13.56

4 100 4.026 10.79 102.26 16.06

5 125 5.047 14.62 128.19 21.76

6 150 6.065 18.97 154.05 28.23

1/8 6 0.215 0.31 5.46 0.46

1/4 8 0.302 0.54 7.67 0.80

3/8 10 0.423 0.74 10.74 1.10

1/2 15 0.546 1.09 13.87 1.62

3/4 20 0.742 1.47 18.85 2.19

1 25 0.957 2.17 24.31 3.23

1-1/4 32 1.278 3.00 32.46 4.46

1-1/2 40 1.500 3.63 38.10 5.40

2 50 1.939 5.02 49.25 7.47

2-1/2 65 2.323 7.66 59.00 11.40

3 80 2.900 10.25 73.66 15.25

3-1/2 90 3.364 12.5 85.45 18.60

4 100 3.826 14.98 97.18 22.29

5 125 4.813 20.78 122.25 30.92

6 150 5.761 28.57 146.33 42.52



S/N 30000066


FittingEquivalentNumber of

Elbows

90 Deg Elbows 1.0

45 Deg Elbows 0.5

Tee Thru 0.6

Tee Side 2.0

Figure 2.4.1.3.A.9 Flow Calc Program - Piping Data - Fittings

9. Fitting: 90 & 45 degree elbows and tees for installation.

a. 90's: Number of 90 degree elbows in the pipesection. When 45 degree elbows are used, they aretreated as an equivalent number of elbows. In thiscase, 0.5 should be included for each 45 degreeelbow and included in the 90's field.

b. Tees: Used when a separation of agent flow is re-quired.

i. None: This is the default value. Choose this or simply press enter in this field if no teesare installed.

ii. Thru: The beginning of the pipe section begins with a thru tee. If the side branch ofa tee is used to provide pressure for tripping a pressure switch or pressure release,it is treated as an equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 0.6 should be includedin the 90's field.

iii. Side: The beginning of the pipe section begins with a side tee. If one of the thrubranches of a tee is used to provide pressure for tripping a pressure switch or pressurerelease, it is treated as an equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 2.0 should beincluded in the 90's field.

iv. Blow Out: Choose this option if a tee used in the pipe section is part of a blow out,i.e., the last nozzle on a branch line.



S/N 30000066


Cylinder

Equivalent Length(Feet/Meters)

SingleCylinder

MultipleCylinders

w/check valve

Alpha (1/2" outlet) 30 ft(9.14 m) N/A

Beta (1-1/4" outlet)

60 ft(18.29 m)

60 ft(18.29 m)

Gamma (2" outlet)

51 ft(15.55 m)

64 ft(19.51 m)

Sigma (3" outlet) 61 ft.(18.59 m)

80 ft(22.56m)

10. Cplng/Union: The number of couplings or unions in the pipe section.

11. Pounds (Kgs) Req'd: The number of pounds (kilograms) required to be discharged from thisparticular nozzle, when the option Fixed Pounds is selected. If the Fixed Orifice optionis selected, the value in this field will represent the nozzle orifice drill diameter in inches. Toset the rate for a particular nozzle, select the cell and then either type the flow rate in or usethe drop down list and select the “Get Rate” option. The computer will automatically calculateand display the required flow rate needed for that particular nozzle. Alternatively, you can setall the flow rates simultaneously after finishing the piping model by following the above steps,but instead of selecting “Get Rate,” select “Set All.”

NOTE

THE ALPHA CYLINDER/VALVE ASSEMBLIES ARE CURRENTLY NOT UL & ULC LISTED NOR FMRC APPROVED.HOWEVER, THE EQUIVALENT LENGTH NOTED BELOW FOR THE ALPHA VALVE HAS BEEN DETERMINED BY UL ANDFMRC AFTER WITNESSING TESTING.

12. Equiv Length: The equivalent length of acylinder assembly, check valve, or otherunique components that may be needed insome systems.

B. Add, Copy & Paste, Insert, and Delete

1. Add: The Add button works similarly to theAdd button on the previous screens. Oncethe data has been entered into the grid,clicking on the Add button will add a blankline to the bottom of the pipe grid so that thenext line of piping input can be entered.

2. Copy & Paste: Click the Copy button.Alternatively, you can depress the F9 key.Select any cell in the row or rows desired to be copied. If multiple rows are desired to be copiedat once, simply click on any cell in the first row to be copied and while continuing to depressthe left mouse button, highlight the remaining rows. Select a cell in the row where you wantto paste the copied rows. Press the Paste button. Alternatively, you can depress the F10 key.

NOTE

ONLY CONSECUTIVE ROWS CAN BE COPIED AT ONCE. THE LINES WILL BE INSERTED STARTING AT THE ROW OFTHE CELL THAT IS HIGHLIGHTED. YOU CAN PASTE THIS INFORMATION AT ANY TIME AND AS MANY TIMES ASNECESSARY WITHOUT RESELECTING THE ROWS TO BE COPIED.

3. Insert: The Insert button is used to insert a line of data into the data grid in a specific location.In order to insert a line, click on the highest line in the data grid that must be moved down. Oncethe line has been chosen, click on the Insert button and the lines in the data grid will be relocateddown one line position and a new line (identical to the selected line) will be placed into the openposition.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.3.C Flow Calc Program - Piping Data - Fixed Pounds & Fixed Orifices

4. Delete: The Delete button is used to delete a line of data in the data grid. Highlight the dataline within the data grid by clicking on it with the mouse. Click on the delete button. A verificationmessage will appear to validate the request. Should you confirm the request, the data line willbe deleted and any data lines below it will be moved up to compensate for the deleted line ofdata.

C. Fixed Weight and Fixed Orifices

It is possible to input either the pounds or kilograms required for each nozzle or the existing nozzleorifice drill diameter. The program has the flexibility to calculate an existing system model by allowingthe nozzle orifice diameter to be input as data. The combination of both weight required from onenozzle and the orifice diameter of the second nozzle is not permitted and cannot be calculated.

1. Fixed Pounds (Kgs): This radio button should be on when the values in the Pounds (Kgs)Required column indicate the quantity of pounds (Kgs) required to be discharged from aparticular nozzle.

2. Fixed Orifices: This radio button should be on when the values in the Pounds (Kgs) Requiredcolumn indicate the actual nozzle drill diameter in inches for a particular nozzle.



S/N 30000066


2.4.1.4 Calculate and Display ResultsBy clicking on the Calculate and Display Results button, the data file will be passed on to the calculationprogram for processing. If the Automatic mode of calculation has been selected, no input from the userwill be required during this operation. If the Manual mode of calculation was selected, the user mustpress Return at the prompts to do so. In either situation, once the calculation process is completed,the results will be displayed on four different screens:

Calculation ResultsNozzle PerformanceHazard Concentration ResultsError Messages

A. Calculation Results

The calculation results screen depicts the cylinder information and the piping model information.

1. Conditions

a. Storage Pressure: The starting pressure just prior to the cylinder actuation.

b. Average Cylinder Pressure: The average cylinder pressure during the discharge.

c. Average Initial Pipe Temp: The average ambient pipe temperature at the beginning ofthe discharge.

d. Fill Density: The fill density [lbs/ft3 (kgs/m3)] of the cylinder. For all systems, the rangeis 35 to 70 lb/ft3 (560.7 to 1121.4 kg/m3).

e. Ratio of Agent in Pipe: Established limit defined as the volume of pipe x the density of agentin storage / quantity of agent in storage.

f. Average Discharge Time: This value represents the average discharge time of all of thenozzles.

g. Cylinders: The quantity of cylinders modeled.

h. Lbs/Cyl (Kgs/Cyl): Quantity of Novec 1230 fluid within each cylinder.

i. Total Lbs (Kgs) of Novec 1230 Fluid: The total amount of Novec 1230 fluid within all thecylinders.

j. Cylinder Type: The type of cylinder selected for the calculation.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.4.A Flow Calc Program - Calculation Results

2. Piping Results

a. Section Nodes: The starting and ending nodes for a particular section of the pipe model.

b. Nominal Pipe Size: The computed or inputted pipe size and schedule.

c. Length: Length of pipe within the section, including elevation changes.

d. Elev: The length of an elevation change within the section of pipe.

e. EQL: Total equivalent length of the section of pipe. This includes pipe, elbows, tees, coup-lings, unions, valves, and any additional information inputted into the equivalent lengthcolumn of the data file.

f. Start PSIA (Bar): The pressure at the beginning of the section.

g. Term PSIA (Bar): The pressure at the termination of the section.

h. Flow Rate: The flow rate through the pipe section.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.4.B Flow Calc Program - Nozzle Performance

B. Nozzle Performance

1. Nozzle ID: The identification number given to a specific nozzle.

2. Size: The selected or computed size and schedule of a nozzle.

3. Stock Number: The Chemetron Fire Systems’ stock number for the particular nozzle.

4. Style: The manufacturing designation for the particular configuration of the nozzle.

5. Drill Diameter: The specific drill diameter in inches (mm) for each of the nozzle ports.

6. Drill Size: The industry's designation for a particular drill diameter.

7. Total Orifice Area: The total single orifice area for the nozzle.

8. Novec Discharged: The quantity of Novec 1230 fluid discharged through a particular nozzle.



S/N 30000066


3/8 inch 8-Port Styles F & J Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

* 5/64 0.0781 1.984 * 33 0.1130 2.870* 47 0.0785 1.994 * 32 0.1160 2.946* 46 0.0810 2.057 * 31 0.1200 3.048* 45 0.0820 2.083 1/8 0.1250 3.175* 44 0.0860 2.184 30 0.1285 3.264* 43 0.0890 2.261 29 0.1360 3.454* 42 0.0935 2.375 28 0.1405 3.569* 3/32 0.0938 2.383 9/64 0.1406 3.571* 41 0.0960 2.438 27 0.1440 3.658* 40 0.0980 2.489 26 0.1470 3.734* 39 0.0995 2.527 25 0.1495 3.797* 38 0.1015 2.578 24 0.1520 3.861* 37 0.1040 2.642 23 0.1540 3.912* 36 0.1065 2.705 5/32 0.1562 3.967* 7/64 0.1094 2.779 22 0.1570 3.988* 35 0.1100 2.794 21 0.1590 4.039* 34 0.1110 2.819 20 0.1610 4.089NOTES1) All drill codes apply to Style F (360o) nozzle.2) Only drill codes in shaded cells apply to Style J (180o)

nozzle.3) Drill codes marked with an asterisk (*) denote nozzles

that require a strainer.

1/2 inch 8-Port Styles F & J Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

* 39 0.0995 2.527 5/32 0.1562 3.967* 38 0.1015 2.578 22 0.1570 3.988* 37 0.1040 2.642 21 0.1590 4.039* 36 0.1065 2.705 20 0.1610 4.089* 7/64 0.1094 2.779 19 0.1660 4.216* 35 0.1100 2.794 18 0.1695 4.305* 34 0.1110 2.819 11/64 0.1719 4.366* 33 0.1130 2.870 17 0.1730 4.394* 32 0.1160 2.946 16 0.1770 4.496* 31 0.1200 3.048 15 0.1800 4.572

1/8 0.1250 3.175 14 0.1820 4.62330 0.1285 3.264 13 0.1850 4.69929 0.1360 3.454 3/16 0.1875 4.76328 0.1405 3.569 12 0.1890 4.801

9/64 0.1406 3.571 11 0.1910 4.85127 0.1440 3.658 10 0.1935 4.91526 0.1470 3.734 9 0.1960 4.97825 0.1495 3.797 8 0.1990 5.05524 0.1520 3.861 7 0.2010 5.10523 0.1540 3.912 13/64 0.2031 5.159

NOTES1) All drill codes apply to Style F (360o) nozzle.2) Only drill codes in shaded cells apply to Style J (180o)

nozzle.3) Drill codes marked with an asterisk (*) denote nozzles

that require a strainer.

8-Port Styles F and J Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Charts

NOTE

NOZZLE ORIFICES ARE DRILLED USING STANDARD WIRE GAUGE AND FRACTIONAL DRILLS. THE TABLES ON THISPAGE SHOW THE STANDARD DRILL SIZES AND NOMINAL DIAMETERS IN INCHES AND MILLIMETERS. IF METRIC UNITSARE CHOSEN IN THE COMPUTER PROGRAM, NOZZLE ORIFICE DIAMETERS WILL BE GIVEN IN INCHES. EVEN THOUGHTHE METRIC OPTION IS CHOSEN, THE CALCULATION WILL BE PERFORMED IN ENGLISH UNITS AND THE NOZZLESMUST BE ORDERED IN ENGLISH UNITS (INCHES).



S/N 30000066


3/4 inch 8-Port Styles F & J NozzleDRILL

#DRILL

DIAinches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

29 0.1360 3.454 10 0.1935 4.91528 0.1405 3.569 9 0.1960 4.978

9/64 0.1406 3.571 8 0.1990 5.05527 0.1440 3.658 7 0.2010 5.10526 0.1470 3.734 13/64 0.2031 5.15925 0.1495 3.797 6 0.2040 5.18224 0.1520 3.861 5 0.2055 5.22023 0.1540 3.912 4 0.2090 5.309

5/32 0.1562 3.967 3 0.2130 5.41022 0.1570 3.988 7/32 0.2188 5.55821 0.1590 4.039 2 0.2210 5.61320 0.1610 4.089 1 0.2280 5.79119 0.1660 4.216 A 0.2340 5.94418 0.1695 4.305 15/64 0.2344 5.954

11/64 0.1719 4.366 B 0.2380 6.04517 0.1730 4.394 C 0.2420 6.14716 0.1770 4.496 D 0.2460 6.24815 0.1800 4.572 E 0.2500 6.35014 0.1820 4.623 F 0.2570 6.52813 0.1850 4.699 G 0.2610 6.629

3/16 0.1875 4.763 17/64 0.2656 6.74612 0.1890 4.801 H 0.2660 6.75611 0.1910 4.851

NOTES1) All drill codes apply to Style F (360o) nozzle.2) Only drill codes in shaded cells apply to Style J (180o)

nozzle.

1 inch 8-Port Styles F & J Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

19 0.1660 4.216 15/64 0.2344 5.95418 0.1695 4.305 B 0.2380 6.045

11/64 0.1719 4.366 C 0.2420 6.14717 0.1730 4.394 D 0.2460 6.24816 0.1770 4.496 E 0.2500 6.35015 0.1800 4.572 F 0.2570 6.52814 0.1820 4.623 G 0.2610 6.62913 0.1850 4.699 17/64 0.2656 6.746

3/16 0.1875 4.763 H 0.2660 6.75612 0.1890 4.801 I 0.2720 6.90911 0.1910 4.851 J 0.2770 7.03610 0.1935 4.915 K 0.2810 7.1379 0.1960 4.978 9/32 0.2812 7.1428 0.1990 5.055 L 0.2900 7.3667 0.2010 5.105 M 0.2950 7.493

13/64 0.2031 5.159 19/64 0.2969 7.5416 0.2040 5.182 N 0.3020 7.6715 0.2055 5.220 5/16 0.3125 7.9384 0.2090 5.309 O 0.3160 8.0263 0.2130 5.410 P 0.3230 8.204

7/32 0.2188 5.558 21/64 0.3281 8.3342 0.2210 5.613 Q 0.3320 8.4331 0.2280 5.791 R 0.3390 8.611A 0.2340 5.944

NOTE1) All drill codes apply to both Style F (360o) and Style J

(180o) nozzle.


NOTE




S/N 30000066


1-1/2 inch 8-Port Styles F & J Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

F 0.2570 6.528 S 0.3480 8.839G 0.2610 6.629 T 0.3580 9.093

17/64 0.2656 6.746 23/64 0.3594 9.129H 0.2660 6.756 U 0.3680 9.347I 0.2720 6.909 3/8 0.3750 9.525J 0.2770 7.036 V 0.3770 9.576K 0.2810 7.137 W 0.3860 9.804

9/32 0.2812 7.142 25/64 0.3906 9.921L 0.2900 7.366 X 0.3970 10.084

M 0.2950 7.493 Y 0.4040 10.26219/64 0.2969 7.541 13/32 0.4062 10.317

N 0.3020 7.671 Z 0.4130 10.4905/16 0.3125 7.938 27/64 0.4219 10.716

O 0.3160 8.026 7/16 0.4375 11.113P 0.3230 8.204 29/64 0.4531 11.509

21/64 0.3281 8.334 15/32 0.4688 11.908Q 0.3320 8.433 31/64 0.4844 12.304R 0.3390 8.611 1/2 0.5000 12.700

11/32 0.3438 8.733 33/64 0.5156 13.096NOTE1) All drill codes apply to both Style F (360o) and Style J

(180o) nozzle.

1-1/4 inch 8-Port Styles F & J Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

7/32 0.2188 5.558 5/16 0.3125 7.9382 0.2210 5.613 O 0.3160 8.0261 0.2280 5.791 P 0.3230 8.204A 0.2340 5.944 21/64 0.3281 8.334

15/64 0.2344 5.954 Q 0.3320 8.433B 0.2380 6.045 R 0.3390 8.611C 0.2420 6.147 11/32 0.3438 8.733D 0.2460 6.248 S 0.3480 8.839E 0.2500 6.350 T 0.3580 9.093F 0.2570 6.528 23/64 0.3594 9.129G 0.2610 6.629 U 0.3680 9.347

17/64 0.2656 6.746 3/8 0.3750 9.525H 0.2660 6.756 V 0.3770 9.576I 0.2720 6.909 W 0.3860 9.804J 0.2770 7.036 25/64 0.3906 9.921K 0.2810 7.137 X 0.3970 10.084

9/32 0.2812 7.142 Y 0.4040 10.262L 0.2900 7.366 13/32 0.4062 10.317

M 0.2950 7.493 Z 0.4130 10.49019/64 0.2969 7.541 27/64 0.4219 10.716

N 0.3020 7.671 7/16 0.4375 11.113NOTE1) All drill codes apply to both Style F (360o) and Style J

(180o) nozzle.


NOTE




S/N 30000066


2 inch 8-Port Styles F & J Nozzle

DRILL # DRILLDIA

DRILLDIA DRILL # DRILL

DIADRILL

DIA21/64 0.3281 8.334 7/16 0.4375 11.113

Q 0.3320 8.433 29/64 0.4531 11.509R 0.3390 8.611 15/32 0.4688 11.908

11/32 0.3438 8.733 31/64 0.4844 12.304S 0.3480 8.839 1/2 0.5000 12.700T 0.3580 9.093 33/64 0.5156 13.096

23/64 0.3594 9.129 17/32 0.5312 13.492U 0.3680 9.347 35/64 0.5469 13.891

3/8 0.3750 9.525 9/16 0.5625 14.290V 0.3770 9.576 37/64 0.5781 14.684

W 0.3860 9.804 19/32 0.5938 15.08325/64 0.3906 9.921 39/64 0.6094 15.479

X 0.3970 10.084 5/8 0.6250 15.875Y 0.4040 10.262 41/64 0.6406 16.271

13/32 0.4062 10.317 21/32 0.6562 16.667Z 0.4130 10.490 43/64 0.6719 17.066

27/64 0.4219 10.716NOTE1) All drill codes apply to both Style F (360o) and Style J

(180o) nozzle.


NOTE




S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.4.C Flow Calc Program - Hazard Concentration Results

C. Hazard Concentration Results

1. Hazard: The designation for each area inputted.

2. Room Volume: The dimensional volume of a particular hazard.

3. Pounds (Kgs) Discharged: The quantity of Novec 1230 fluid that was discharged into aparticular hazard area.

4. Concentration Requested: Based on the data input, the desired concentration.

5. Concentration Achieved: Based on the results of the calculation, the concentration that wasachieved.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.4.D Flow Calc Program - Error Messages

D. Error Messages

This screen will display various piping model input errors and/or system calculation errors. Thereis a “Help” button located in the upper right corner of this screen which will give suggestions as tohow the problems/errors should or could possibly be fixed The following is a list of system designerrors that may appear.

1. Error: Cylinder fill density is greater than 70 lb/cu ft (1121 kg/cubic meter).

Resolution: There is too much agent inside of the storage cylinder. Decrease the amount percylinder in the System Information Screen.

2. Error: Cylinder fill density is less than 35 lb/cu ft (560.65 kg/cubic meter).

Resolution: There is not enough agent inside of the storage cylinder. Increase the amount percylinder in the System Information Screen.

3. Error: More than 299 pipe sections in system.

Resolution: The calculation module can only account for 299 node points in the piping network.Redesign the system to have fewer pipe sections.



S/N 30000066


4. Error: Input file is incomplete.

Resolution: The input.tmp file that is read into the calculation module is incomplete. Pleasecheck your input, save the file, and try again.

5. Error: Pipe data sections are out of order - correct input FILE

Resolution: The calculation module must have the piping sections typed in order in the PipingModel screen. Start the data input in the Piping Model screen starting with the cylinder, andenter each piping section in order.

6. Error: Pipe schedule code in sec ## - ## is outside acceptable range. Pipe data code is givenas ###. Check Input Data File Column 5(E)

Resolution: A pipe schedule not listed in the pipe type pull down list was chosen. Pick a validpipe schedule from the pipe type pull down list.

7. Error: Pipe diameter code must be >0 and <=incR in sec ## - ##. Pipe diameter code for thissection is ###. Data input file is corrupted.

Resolution: A pipe size not listed in the pipe size pull down list was chosen. Pick a valid pipesize from the pipe size pull down list.

8. Error: If nozzle code is specified, all pipe sizes must be specified.

Resolution: If a fixed orifice system is being run, i.e. an as-built calculation, ALL pipe sizesmust be predetermined, and entered into the pipe size column. The program cannot calculatea system without the pipe size being specified when performing a fixed orifice calculation.

9. Error: The elevation change for section 1 to 2 is greater than the equivalent length of the section.

Resolution: The equivalent length must be greater than the total length of pipe or elevationin section 1 - 2 only.

10. Error: The total equivalent length of the section must at least equal the elevation.

Resolution: The equivalent length must be greater than the total elevation. This is becausethe equivalent length of an elevation is different than the equivalent length of a straight pieceof pipe. Decrease the elevation in the Piping Model Screen.

11. Error: Pipe section ## - ## has more than one tee.

Resolution: A pipe section can not contain more than one tee. A pipe section should alwaysbegin at the beginning of a tee.

12. Error: Section ## - ## has more than one supply connection

Resolution: The start node is repeated more than twice. Check tee configuration and start nodesfor errors.

13. Error: Section ## - ## has no supply connection

Resolution: A section of the piping network is missing, or the start node is repeated more thanonce without a tee shown in the piping model on both sections of the piping.



S/N 30000066


14. Error: Sec ## - ## shows tee with no matching branch

Resolution: A tee must have both outlets modeled.

15. Error: Sec ## - ## and sec ## - ## show branching without proper tees.

Resolution: A section of the piping network is missing, or the start node is repeated more thanonce without a tee shown in the piping model on both sections of the piping. A tee must haveboth outlets modeled.

16. Error: Sec ## - ## and sec ## - ## do not have enough tees specified

Resolution: A section of the piping network is missing, or the start node is repeated more thanonce without a tee shown in the piping model on both sections of the piping.

17. Error: Sec ## - ## has more than two outlets

Resolution: A tee MUST have only two outlets. Check tee configuration in the Piping ModelScreen.

18. Error: Fatal errors in input data as noted above. Program terminates:

Resolution: The calculation module CANNOT calculate a system if there are data input errors.All errors listed above are data input errors. These must be corrected in order to perform thecalculation.

NOTE THE CALCULATION MODULE WILL MOST LIKELY NEVER GENERATE THE ABOVE MESSAGES. THE PROGRAM CHECKSALL DATA INPUT PRIOR TO PASSING THE INFORMATION TO THE CALCULATION MODULE.

19. Error: Error in density file read

Resolution: A support file required by the calculation module is corrupted. Please uninstalland reinstall the software.

20. Error: Manifold section may not feed nozzle branch directly

Resolution: A cylinder quantity greater than 0 is shown in non-manifolded sections. Once thegas leaves the manifold, there is to be a quantity of 0 cylinders in the Cyl. Qty. column of thePiping Model Screen.

21. Error: Pressure in sec ## - ## drops below ### psia. All pipe sections feeding this branch areeither at maximum size or are fixed.

Resolution: The flow rate in the pipe is too high causing excessive pressure drop. Make surethat the pipe size is set to 0 and that all pipes are maximized for the flow rates, using the min/maxflow rate chart on the main menu.

22. Error: Pressure drops below 22 psi (1.5 bar) in sec ##- ##.

Resolution: The flow rate in the pipe is too high causing excessive pressure drop. Make surethat the pipe size is set to 0 and that all pipes are maximized for the flow rates, using the min/maxflow rate chart on the main menu.



S/N 30000066


23. Error: Percent in pipe calculated as ###. Check for fixed pipe sizes, extreme pipe lengths(greater than 100% in pipe).

Resolution: The piping network has extremely long lengths. Redesign to reduce pipe lengths,or add agent to the cylinder.

24. Error: All pipe sizes leading to nozzle ### are maximum. Nozzle ### requires flow greaterthan 65% of feed pipe flow.

Resolution: The flow rate in the pipe is too high causing the desired nozzle’s equivalent singleorifice area to be greater than 65% of the feed pipe area. Add nozzles to the system to reducethe flow rate and lower the ratio of orifice area to pipe area.

25. Error: Fixed pipe system is not converging after #### attempts (greater than 550 times totalnumber of pipe sections)

Resolution: The calculation module could not converge the pressures/flows after #### attempts.Increase or decrease flow rate, orifice diameter, pipe length, or cylinder fill.

26. Error: Flow rate in sec ## - ## is less than ### lb/sec ( ### kg/sec) minimum required for pipesize.

Resolution: In order to maintain turbulent flow inside the piping, each pipe diameter has acorresponding minimum flow rate. If the pipe size is fixed, either decrease its size, or increasethe orifice diameter. If it is not a fixed pipe system, then increase the flow rate by adding pounds(kgs) required for the nozzles in the Piping Model screen in column 11, or decrease thedischarge time in the System Information Screen.

27. Error: Fixed pipe size in nozzle section ## - ###. Nozzle section may not be greater than 2inch (50mm) pipe. Nozzle section is specified as 1/8 inch pipe - smallest nozzle is 1/4 inch

Resolution: Increase the pipe size if the pipe size was not set to 0, or increase the flow rateby adding pounds (kgs) required for the nozzles in the Piping Model screen in column 11, ordecrease the discharge time in the System Information Screen.

28. Error: Sec ## to ## bullhead tee minor flow branch carries ## percent of flow. Minimum branchflow from bullhead tee is 25 percent

Resolution: The side of the bullhead tee that carries the least amount of flow does not carrythe minimum required. The minor branch must carry at least 25% of the combined incomingflow (both the minor leg and major leg together). Change this so that the major leg is on a thrutee.

29. Error: Sec ## to ## sideoutlet tee branch carries ## percent of flow. Maximum side outletbranch flow is 35 percent.

Resolution: The side of the tee that carries the most amount of flow exceeds the maximumallowed. The major branch must carry no more than 35% of the combined incoming flow (boththe thru leg and side leg together).



S/N 30000066


30. Error: Sec ## to ### side outlet tee branch carries ## percent of flow. Minimum side outletbranch flow is 10 percent.

Resolution: The side of the tee that carries the least amount of flow does not carry the minimumrequired. The minor branch must carry at least 10% of the combined incoming flow (both thethru leg and side leg together). Increase the flow rate or pounds (kgs) required for this side ofthe tee.

31. Error: Sec ## - ### calls for grooved coupling in pipe size less than 3/4 inch.

Resolution: Change these sections of pipe to either threaded or welded.

32. Error: Nozzle ### area equals ##% feed pipe area (limit 1/4 npt=75%).


33. Error: Nozzle ### area equals ##% feed pipe area (limit 85%).


34. Error: Nozzle ### area equals ##% feed pipe area (lower limit 20%).

Resolution: The flow rate in the pipe is too low causing the desired nozzle’s equivalent singleorifice area to be less than 20% of the feed pipe area. Reduce nozzles to increase the flow rateand raise the ratio of orifice area to pipe area. Alternatively, you can increase the flow rate byadding pounds (kgs) required for that nozzle in the Pipe Model screen in column 11, or decreasethe discharge time in the System Information Screen.

35. Error: Nozzle ### discharges ##% of maximum feed pipe flow which is above maximum of65%

Resolution: The flow Rate for this nozzle is too high causing it to discharge more than 65%of the feed pipe maximum flow rate. Add nozzles to the system to reduce the flow rate and lowerthe percentage. Reference the min/max flows from the main menu.

36. Error: Nozzle ### has discharge time of ## sec - outside 5 to 10 second limit.

Resolution: The discharge time was either too quick or too long. Please make sure that allpipe is maximized for the corresponding flow rates. If it is not a fixed pipe system, then increasethe pressure by maximizing the pipe sizes in the Pipe Model screen, or if it is a fixed orificesystem, decrease the nozzle orifice as well to increase pressure. Reference the min/max flowsfrom the main menu.

If any of the TERM Pressures read 15psia (1.03 bar), then the pressure has dropped belowthe allowable minimum. Check pipe lengths, fixed pipe sizes, and choose a bigger cylinder ifpossible.

37. Error: Nozzle pressure for ### is below 75 psia (5.17 bar).

Resolution: Increase the pipe size of the nozzle from that which was calculated, also checkpipe lengths, fixed pipe sizes, and choose a bigger cylinder if possible.



S/N 30000066


38. Error: Maximum difference in liquid run-out time is ## sec. Upper limit is 6.3 seconds.

Resolution: Once the first nozzle in the system stops discharging liquid (i.e., usually the closestnozzle to the cylinder), within 6.3 seconds all other nozzles in the pipe model must stopdischarging liquid. Redesign the system so that either the closest nozzle to the cylinder is fartheraway, or the farthest nozzle from the cylinder is closer.

39. Error: Difference between longest and shortest initial vapor time is #.## sec. Upper limit 2seconds.

Resolution: Once the first nozzle in the system starts discharging liquid (i.e., usually the closestnozzle to the cylinder), within 2 seconds all other nozzles in the Piping Model must startdischarging liquid. Redesign the system so that either the closest nozzle to the cylinder is fartheraway, or the farthest nozzle from the cylinder is closer. This error displays both the liquid arrivaland run-out times for troubleshooting purposes.

40. Error: Maximum difference in liquid run-out time is greater than 60% of discharge time. Thisis outside listed and approved range.

Resolution: Once the first nozzle in the system stops discharging liquid (i.e. usually the closestnozzle to the cylinder), within a time less than or equal to 60% of the total discharge time, allother nozzles in the Piping Model must stop discharging liquid. Redesign the system so thateither the closest nozzle to the cylinder is farther, or the farthest nozzle from the cylinder iscloser.

41. Error: Ratio of agent in pipe is ##%. Maximum permitted ratio is 99.5%.

Resolution: The piping network has extremely long lengths. Redesign to reduce pipe lengths,or add agent to the cylinder.

42. Error: The program has used all discharge times from 2.4 to ## seconds in #.# secondincrements. To view specific errors not listed on this screen, rerun calc in manual mode.

Resolution: The discharge time was either too quick or too long. Please make sure that allpipe is maximized for the corresponding flow rates. If it is not a fixed pipe system, then increasethe pressure by maximizing the pipe sizes in the Piping Model screen; or if it is a fixed orificesystem, decrease the nozzle orifice as well to increase pressure. Reference the min/max flowsfrom the main menu.

If any of the TERM Pressures read 15 psia (1.03 bar), then the pressure has dropped belowthe allowable minimum. Check pipe lengths, fixed pipe sizes, and choose a bigger cylinder ifpossible. To run the calculation in manual mode, go to the Setup - Project Data screen andchoose the manual radio button. This will display messages as the calculation is beingperformed.

43. Error: Largest permitted nozzle section is 2 inch (50 mm); section ## - ### at 2 inch.

Resolution: The flow rate in the pipe at this nozzle is too high causing the desired nozzle’scalculated pipe diameter to be greater than 2" (50 mm). Add nozzles to the system to reducethe flow rate or increase the discharge time in the Setup - Project Data screen.

44. Error: Cylinders run out of liquid supply before all nozzles begin discharging liquid.

Resolution: The piping network has extremely long lengths. Redesign to reduce pipe lengthsor add agent to the cylinder.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.5 Flow Calc Program - Print Data and Results or Print Output Results

45. Error: There are # nozzles that were calculated, but are not available.

Resolution: Due to the physical limitations of certain NPT size nozzles, there are certain drillcodes that cannot be used on the nozzles. It is recommended to either increase or decreasethe pipe size to something other than that which was calculated, so that a new drill code canbe computed.

46. Error: Nozzle sizes are given for trouble-shooting purposes-they are approximate sizes.

Resolution: This error was generated because the nozzle area versus the feed pipe area wasout of the approved range. Either increase or decrease the pipe size at the nozzle in question,then try again.

47. Error: Concentration achieved is less than requested for #####.

Resolution: This error was generated because one of more of the hazard areas did not achievethe concentration required. To fix this, insure that all pipe and nozzle sizes going to that hazardarea are maximized, or add agent to the storage cylinders. Adding agent to the cylinders is onlyrecommended if there are no other errors generated.

2.4.1.5 Print Data and Results or Print Output ResultsThis screen will allow the user to send both the results of the calculation and/or the input data used forthe calculation to either a selected printer, to a PDF file, or to an ASCII file on a disk drive.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.1.5.C Flow Calc Program - Configure Printer

A. Items to Print

1. Input Data Listing: When this option is selected, clicking on the adjacent option box will outputthe data file.

2. Calculation Results: The selection of this option will output the results of the calculation.

3. BOM: The mechanical system Bill of Material, including pipe and pipe fittings. Once the BOMhas been printed, the system must be recalculated before printing the BOM again.

B. Output Units

1. U.S. Standard: This option will output the required information with standard English units.

2. Metric: This selection will produce a metric unit output.

NOTE THE INPUT DATA FILE WILL BE OUTPUT IN THE SAME UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AS THAT SELECTED FOR THE DATAINPUT. THE UNITS USED TO CREATE THE INPUT DATA FILE WILL BE DESIGNATED AS "(CURRENT)" AFTER THEAPPROPRIATE UNITS. IF METRIC OUTPUT UNITS ARE DESIRED, CHECK THE METRIC CHECKBOX, RECALCULATEAND THEN PRINT - OR VICE VERSA.

C. Configure Printer

There are numerous types of printers on the market and the program is designed to incorporate awide range of printers. It is advisable to click on Configure Printer to verify the current WindowsTM

selected printer.



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D. Printer Font

There are virtually hundreds of fonts available in the industry today. Even though the program willaccept and use a number of them, the suggested font is ARIAL. This font is commonly found withinthe WindowsTM list of available fonts. However, there are a number of acceptable fonts and byselecting and trying these fonts, based on the numerous styles and types of printers, Chemetroncannot assure you of satisfactory results. The printout uses various configurations and sizes toproduce its hard copy printout.

E. Print to PDF

This option will export the Input or the Calculation Results to an Adobe® Acrobat file in PDF format.Please note that the Adobe Acrobat Reader will be required in order to view or print these files. TheAcrobat Reader software can easily be downloaded for free from HTTP://www.adobe.com.

NOTE

THE BILL OF MATERIAL CAN NOT BE PRINTED TO A PDF FILE.

F. Print To File

Should this option be selected, the data requested will be sent to a file on the selected disk drive.The user will be asked to verify the drive, path, and filename prior to the data being written to thefile. The outputted data will be in Standard ASCII format and may be imported into various programsfor incorporation into drawings, manuals, etc.

G. Print

Clicking on this command will start the printing or writing of the selected data.

2.4.1.6 Clear All Current Data

When this command is executed the current data file will be cleared from all fields to allow for entry ofnew data. If the current data file has modifications that have not been saved, the program will promptfor verification prior to executing the command.

2.4.2 OutputThis area will allow the user to export either the data file or calculation results.

2.4.2.1 Print Data and Results

Refer to Section 2.4.1.5.

2.4.3 File UtilitiesThis is the data file maintenance section of the program.

2.4.3.1 Load

An existing data file, stored on a disk drive, may be loaded into the program for modifications or recal-culation.



S/N 30000066


Figure 2.4.3.1 Flow Calc Program - Load an existing data file

Figure 2.4.5 Flow Calc Program -Volume/Weight/Concentration Calculator

2.4.3.2 Save

The current data file may be saved to a disk drive for historical information.

2.4.3.3 Delete

A data file may be erased from a disk drive. However, please note that once the data file has beendeleted, it cannot be retrieved.

2.4.4 ExitThe exit button will unload the program and return you to the previous WindowsTM system screen.

2.4.5 Vol/Lbs/% Calc (Vol/Kgs/% Calc)This calculator may be used anywhere within the datainput or calculation results screens, wherever thecommand button is visible. The required input is:

A. Temperature: [Defaults at 70oF (21.1oC)]

B. Altitude: (Defaults at 0 feet, sea level)

In addition, two of the remaining three fields must beinputted and the third will be solved. The remaining threefields are:

C. Volume

D. Weight



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E. Concentration

For example, if the quantity of agent and the volume are known, the concentration may be computed.If the volume and the concentration are known, the amount of Novec 1230 fluid can be computed. Shouldthe concentration and the amount of Novec 1230 fluid be known, the calculator will determine the volumein which these parameters will fit.

2.4.6 Check PointsAlthough the computer can provide complete flow calculations, it cannot exercise the human judgementrequired to decide if the results are satisfactory. Obviously, items such as actual pipe length, equivalentlengths, elevation changes, and the types of tee junctions must be checked against the piping layoutdrawing and the actual installation.

2.5 Two-Phase HydraulicsThe two-phase flow equation, which is used for calculating pressure drop in Novec 1230 fluid and CarbonDioxide fire extinguishing systems, is a statement of the basic laws of energy conservation. The equationis in a form particularly suited to calculating flow in systems where the density of the flowing media isconstantly changing. Dr. James Hesson is credited with developing the two-phase flow equation.

2.5.1 Two-Phase Flow EquationThe two-phase flow equation can be derived from the fundamental equation of hydrodynamics knownas Bernoulli’s equation. The following is a qualitative statement of the flow equation:

(1)

Normally, the change in elevation head is zero, so it can be dropped from the above equation. Whena change in elevation is present in a system, the resultant loss or gain in pressure can be calculatedseparately from the basic two-phase flow equation. The basic flow equation is as follows:

(2)

2.5.1.1 Pressure - Density

It should be apparent that a proper relationship between the pipeline pressure and density needs to beestablished in order to use the two-phase flow equation. If one can assume that the heat pick-up fromthe pipeline is negligible during the agent discharge, a pressure-density relationship can be establishedrather easily fromt he basic thermodynamic properties of the agent. In the case of carbon dioxide, thecalculation is very straight forward. The calculation of the pipeline pressure-density relationship for nitrogensuperpressurized Novec 1230 fluid is a bit more complicated due to the fact that the nitrogen does dissolvein the Novec 1230 fluid.



S/N 30000066


2.5.1.2 Velocity Head

Although the flow equation contains a term that accounts for changes in velocity head due to changingdensity, it will not compensate for velocity head changes that are encountered when the flow density(lbs./sec./sq.in. of pipe area) changes. Such velocity head changes are encountered when there is achange in pipe size or a change in flow rate due to a junction in the pipeline. The following expressiongives the velocity head energy in PSI:

(3)

2.5.1.3 Maximum Flow Rates

In paragraph 2.5.1 we saw that the flow equation is a statement of balance between pressure, velocityand friction head. At the end of a pipeline, no more equivalent length need be overcome, and ideally,the friction head term in equations (1) and (2) should become equal to zero. Therefore, the conditionat the end of the pipeline is one in that any change in pressure head is converted to velocity head. Themaximum flow rate at the end of a pipeline under a given set of pressure-density conditions can becalculated by setting the velocity head term equal to the pressure head term in equation (1) or (2) andsolving for the flow rate. The calculated maximum pipeline specific flow rates plotted in Figure 1.4.1 ofthis manual are based on such consideration. The densities used for this calculation correspond to theaverage pipeline densities with a factor added to compensate for velocity effects.

2.5.1.4 Orifice Flow Rate

The subject of orifice flow has been the topic of many books, papers, and dissertations. Although theorifice is an extremely important part of many systems, it is one of the least understood system com-ponents. Until recently, orifices used in two-phase systems were rated by means of testing with waterfor equivalent area. As the science of predicting the flow of two-phase media in pipelines became moreadvanced, the rating of orifices with water for systems designed for use with Novec 1230 was foundto have major shortcomings. The method of rating orifices of systems described in Section 1.4.2 isintended to replace the traditional water rating of nozzles. Simply stated, the basis for this method isthe postulate that any orifice or nozzle that is placed at the end of a pipe will necessarily restrict the flowrate less than that which would issue from the pipe if the orifice or nozzle were not present. Nozzlesare rated in terms of the fraction, in percent, of the theoretical maximum open-end pipeline flow ratethat they permit. The flow rate from a nozzle can be predicted from the following equation:

(4)

Where: QNozzle = flow rate with the nozzle in place in lbs./sec.Code = nozzle rated in percent of maximum feed pipe flowAPipe = the inside cross sectional area of the feed pipe in square inchesRPSI = the theoretical maximum pipeline specific flow rate in lbs./sec./sq.in. for the cal-

culated pressure-density condition at the total terminal pressure (PSI). The totalterminal pressure (PSI) is the sum of the static pressure form equation (2) andthe velocity head pressure calculated from equation (3).

The total terminal pressure must be used since it is the measure of energy available to drive the flowingmedia from the orifice(s). (See Sections 1.4.1 and 1.4.2).

APPENDIX



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This appendix documents six calculation examples. Examples 1 & 6 utilize a Beta cylinder,Examples 2, 4, & 5 utilize Gamma cylinders, and Example 3 utilizes a Sigma cylinder. Example6 was calculated using Metric units of measure. Preceding each program example are the initialdata acquisition worksheets.

APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #1



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Novec 1230 Fire Protection Fluid Surface Fire Requirements

QtyUsed

CylinderSize

Minimum FillLbs (Kgs)

Maximum FillLbs (Kgs)

QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)

Concentration Required: 4.2 % PAGE 1

PROJECT: Manual Example #1 DATE: 7/1/04

HAZARD: Room ENGR. MR

VOLUME

13.5' L x 13.5' W = 182.25 Sq Ft x 10' H = 1822.5 Cu Ft

L x W = Sq Ft x H = Cu Ft


Total = 182.25 Sq Ft 1822.5 Cu Ft

NOVEC 1230 FLUID REQUIRED (REFER TO TABLES BELOW AND/OR THE EQUATION AS NOTED ON PAGE 2)

1822.5 Cu Ft x .0379 (concentration factor) = 69.09 Lbs

69.09 Lbs x 1 (altitude correction factor) = 69.09 Lbs

Total Pounds Required = 70

STORAGE REQUIRED

70 Lbs Req’d / 1 # of Cylinders = 70 Lbs/Cylinder

1 Cylinders Main & 1 Cylinders Reserve




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(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

s = 0.9856 + 0.002441 twhere t = temperature, °F

(5)


Table AP-1 (US Standard)3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid Total Flooding Quantity (1)

Temperature(t)

[/F](3)

Specific VaporVolume(s)

[ft3/lb](4)

Weight Requirements of Hazard Volume - W/V (lb/ft3) (2)

Design Concentration (C) [% by Volume] (5)

4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.93678 0.0468 0.0562 0.0648 0.0663 0.0681 0.0803 0.0928 0.1056 0.1186-10 0.96119 0.0456 0.0548 0.0631 0.0646 0.0664 0.0783 0.0905 0.1029 0.1156

0 0.9856 0.0445 0.0534 0.0616 0.0630 0.0648 0.0764 0.0882 0.1003 0.112710 1.01001 0.0434 0.0521 0.0601 0.0615 0.0632 0.0745 0.0861 0.0979 0.110020 1.03442 0.0424 0.0509 0.0587 0.0601 0.0617 0.0728 0.0841 0.0956 0.107430 1.05883 0.0414 0.0497 0.0573 0.0587 0.0603 0.0711 0.0821 0.0934 0.104940 1.08324 0.0405 0.0486 0.0560 0.0574 0.0589 0.0695 0.0803 0.0913 0.102650 1.10765 0.0396 0.0475 0.0548 0.0561 0.0576 0.0680 0.0785 0.0893 0.100360 1.13206 0.0387 0.0465 0.0536 0.0549 0.0564 0.0665 0.0768 0.0874 0.098170 1.15647 0.0379 0.0455 0.0525 0.0537 0.0552 0.0651 0.0752 0.0855 0.096180 1.18088 0.0371 0.0446 0.0514 0.0526 0.0541 0.0637 0.0736 0.0838 0.094190 1.20529 0.0364 0.0437 0.0503 0.0516 0.0530 0.0624 0.0721 0.0821 0.0922

100 1.2297 0.0357 0.0428 0.0493 0.0505 0.0519 0.0612 0.0707 0.0804 0.0904110 1.25411 0.0350 0.0420 0.0484 0.0495 0.0509 0.0600 0.0693 0.0789 0.0886120 1.27852 0.0343 0.0412 0.0475 0.0486 0.0499 0.0589 0.0680 0.0774 0.0869130 1.30293 0.0336 0.0404 0.0466 0.0477 0.0490 0.0578 0.0667 0.0759 0.0853140 1.32734 0.0330 0.0397 0.0457 0.0468 0.0481 0.0567 0.0655 0.0745 0.0837150 1.35175 0.0324 0.0389 0.0449 0.0460 0.0472 0.0557 0.0643 0.0732 0.0822160 1.37616 0.0319 0.0382 0.0441 0.0452 0.0464 0.0547 0.0632 0.0719 0.0807170 1.40057 0.0313 0.0376 0.0433 0.0444 0.0456 0.0537 0.0621 0.0706 0.0793180 1.42498 0.0308 0.0369 0.0426 0.0436 0.0448 0.0528 0.0610 0.0694 0.0780190 1.44939 0.0302 0.0363 0.0419 0.0429 0.0440 0.0519 0.0600 0.0682 0.0767200 1.4738 0.0297 0.0357 0.0412 0.0422 0.0433 0.0511 0.0590 0.0671 0.0754210 1.49821 0.0293 0.0351 0.0405 0.0415 0.0426 0.0502 0.0580 0.0660 0.0742220 1.52262 0.0288 0.0346 0.0398 0.0408 0.0419 0.0494 0.0571 0.0650 0.0730

The information was provided by the manufacturer, 3M Company, USA. This information refers only to the product Novec1230, and may not represent total flooding quantities for any other products.

[Agent Weight Requirements (lb/ft3)] - Pounds of agent required per cubic foot of protectedvolume to produce indicated concentration at temperature specified.

t [Temperature (/F)] - The design temperature in the hazard area.

s [Specific Volume (ft3/lb)] - Specific volume of superheated FK-5-1-12mmy2 vapor may be approximated by the formula:

C [Concentration (%)] - Volumetric concentration of FK-5-1-12mmy2 in air at the temperature indicated.




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(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

s = 0.0664 + 0.00274 twhere t = temperature, °C

(5)


Table AP-2 (Metric)3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid Total Flooding Quantity

Temperature(t)

[/C](3)


[m3/kg](4)

Weight Requirements of Hazard Volume - W/V (kg/m3) (2)


4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.060914 0.7197 0.8640 0.9960 1.0200 1.0479 1.2357 1.4275 1.6236 1.8241-15 0.062286 0.7039 0.8450 0.9741 0.9976 1.0248 1.2084 1.3961 1.5879 1.7839-10 0.063657 0.6887 0.8268 0.9531 0.9761 1.0027 1.1824 1.3660 1.5537 1.7455-5 0.065029 0.6742 0.8094 0.9330 0.9555 0.9816 1.1575 1.3372 1.5209 1.70870 0.0664 0.6603 0.7926 0.9137 0.9358 0.9613 1.1336 1.3096 1.4895 1.67345 0.067772 0.6469 0.7766 0.8952 0.9168 0.9418 1.1106 1.2831 1.4593 1.6395

10 0.069143 0.6341 0.7612 0.8775 0.8986 0.9232 1.0886 1.2576 1.4304 1.607015 0.070515 0.6217 0.7464 0.8604 0.8812 0.9052 1.0674 1.2332 1.4026 1.575720 0.071886 0.6099 0.7322 0.8440 0.8644 0.8879 1.0471 1.2096 1.3758 1.545725 0.073258 0.5985 0.7184 0.8282 0.8482 0.8713 1.0275 1.1870 1.3500 1.516730 0.074629 0.5875 0.7052 0.8130 0.8326 0.8553 1.0086 1.1652 1.3252 1.488835 0.076001 0.5769 0.6925 0.7983 0.8176 0.8399 0.9904 1.1442 1.3013 1.462040 0.077372 0.5666 0.6802 0.7841 0.8031 0.8250 0.9728 1.1239 1.2783 1.436145 0.078744 0.5568 0.6684 0.7705 0.7891 0.8106 0.9559 1.1043 1.2560 1.411150 0.080115 0.5472 0.6570 0.7573 0.7756 0.7967 0.9395 1.0854 1.2345 1.386955 0.081487 0.5380 0.6459 0.7445 0.7625 0.7833 0.9237 1.0671 1.2137 1.363660 0.082858 0.5291 0.6352 0.7322 0.7499 0.7704 0.9084 1.0495 1.1936 1.341065 0.08423 0.5205 0.6249 0.7203 0.7377 0.7578 0.8936 1.0324 1.1742 1.319170 0.085601 0.5122 0.6148 0.7088 0.7259 0.7457 0.8793 1.0158 1.1554 1.298075 0.086973 0.5041 0.6052 0.6976 0.7144 0.7339 0.8654 0.9998 1.1372 1.277580 0.088344 0.4963 0.5958 0.6868 0.7033 0.7225 0.8520 0.9843 1.1195 1.257785 0.089716 0.4887 0.5866 0.6763 0.6926 0.7115 0.8390 0.9692 1.1024 1.238590 0.091087 0.4813 0.5778 0.6661 0.6821 0.7008 0.8263 0.9547 1.0858 1.219895 0.092459 0.4742 0.5692 0.6562 0.6720 0.6904 0.8141 0.9405 1.0697 1.2017

100 0.09383 0.4672 0.5609 0.6466 0.6622 0.6803 0.8022 0.9267 1.0540 1.1842


[Agent Weight Requirements (kgs/m3)] - Kilograms of agent required per cubic meter of protected volume toproduce indicated concentration at temperature specified.

t [Temperature (/C)] - The design temperature in the hazard area.

s [Specific Volume (m3/kg)] - Specific volume of superheated FK-5-1-12mmy2 vapor may be approximated by theformula:





S/N 30000066




Elevation Correction FactorsAltitude Enclosure Pressure Correction

FactorFeet Kilometers PSIA cm Hg

-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.21 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 57.0 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66

Note: Multiply the correction factor by the sea level design quantity of Novec 1230 Fluid to obtain thecorrect quantity for a given altitude.




S/N 30000066


Isometric Drawing for the system flow calculation detailed in Example 1.




S/N 30000066


EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 1 Refer to Section 2.4.1.1 - System Information.

EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 2 Refer to Section 2.4.1.2 - Hazard Data.




S/N 30000066


EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. At the completion and verification ofthe inputted data, the current data should be saved (refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready toCalculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 - Calculate and Display Results). The next 3 screens illustratethe results of the calculation.

EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 4 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.A - Calculation Results.




S/N 30000066


EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 5 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.B - Nozzle Performance.

EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 6 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.C - Hazard Concentration Results.




S/N 30000066



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)




VOLUME

25.0' L x 23.0' W = 575.0 Sq Ft x 10' H = 5750 Cu Ft



Total = 575.0 Sq Ft 5750 Cu Ft


5750 Cu Ft x .0379 (concentration factor) = 217.98 Lbs



STORAGE REQUIRED






S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


(5)



Temperature(t)

[/F](3)


[ft3/lb](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.93678 0.0468 0.0562 0.0648 0.0663 0.0681 0.0803 0.0928 0.1056 0.1186-10 0.96119 0.0456 0.0548 0.0631 0.0646 0.0664 0.0783 0.0905 0.1029 0.1156

0 0.9856 0.0445 0.0534 0.0616 0.0630 0.0648 0.0764 0.0882 0.1003 0.112710 1.01001 0.0434 0.0521 0.0601 0.0615 0.0632 0.0745 0.0861 0.0979 0.110020 1.03442 0.0424 0.0509 0.0587 0.0601 0.0617 0.0728 0.0841 0.0956 0.107430 1.05883 0.0414 0.0497 0.0573 0.0587 0.0603 0.0711 0.0821 0.0934 0.104940 1.08324 0.0405 0.0486 0.0560 0.0574 0.0589 0.0695 0.0803 0.0913 0.102650 1.10765 0.0396 0.0475 0.0548 0.0561 0.0576 0.0680 0.0785 0.0893 0.100360 1.13206 0.0387 0.0465 0.0536 0.0549 0.0564 0.0665 0.0768 0.0874 0.098170 1.15647 0.0379 0.0455 0.0525 0.0537 0.0552 0.0651 0.0752 0.0855 0.096180 1.18088 0.0371 0.0446 0.0514 0.0526 0.0541 0.0637 0.0736 0.0838 0.094190 1.20529 0.0364 0.0437 0.0503 0.0516 0.0530 0.0624 0.0721 0.0821 0.0922

100 1.2297 0.0357 0.0428 0.0493 0.0505 0.0519 0.0612 0.0707 0.0804 0.0904110 1.25411 0.0350 0.0420 0.0484 0.0495 0.0509 0.0600 0.0693 0.0789 0.0886120 1.27852 0.0343 0.0412 0.0475 0.0486 0.0499 0.0589 0.0680 0.0774 0.0869130 1.30293 0.0336 0.0404 0.0466 0.0477 0.0490 0.0578 0.0667 0.0759 0.0853140 1.32734 0.0330 0.0397 0.0457 0.0468 0.0481 0.0567 0.0655 0.0745 0.0837150 1.35175 0.0324 0.0389 0.0449 0.0460 0.0472 0.0557 0.0643 0.0732 0.0822160 1.37616 0.0319 0.0382 0.0441 0.0452 0.0464 0.0547 0.0632 0.0719 0.0807170 1.40057 0.0313 0.0376 0.0433 0.0444 0.0456 0.0537 0.0621 0.0706 0.0793180 1.42498 0.0308 0.0369 0.0426 0.0436 0.0448 0.0528 0.0610 0.0694 0.0780190 1.44939 0.0302 0.0363 0.0419 0.0429 0.0440 0.0519 0.0600 0.0682 0.0767200 1.4738 0.0297 0.0357 0.0412 0.0422 0.0433 0.0511 0.0590 0.0671 0.0754210 1.49821 0.0293 0.0351 0.0405 0.0415 0.0426 0.0502 0.0580 0.0660 0.0742220 1.52262 0.0288 0.0346 0.0398 0.0408 0.0419 0.0494 0.0571 0.0650 0.0730









S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


(5)



Temperature(t)

[/C](3)


[m3/kg](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.060914 0.7197 0.8640 0.9960 1.0200 1.0479 1.2357 1.4275 1.6236 1.8241-15 0.062286 0.7039 0.8450 0.9741 0.9976 1.0248 1.2084 1.3961 1.5879 1.7839-10 0.063657 0.6887 0.8268 0.9531 0.9761 1.0027 1.1824 1.3660 1.5537 1.7455-5 0.065029 0.6742 0.8094 0.9330 0.9555 0.9816 1.1575 1.3372 1.5209 1.70870 0.0664 0.6603 0.7926 0.9137 0.9358 0.9613 1.1336 1.3096 1.4895 1.67345 0.067772 0.6469 0.7766 0.8952 0.9168 0.9418 1.1106 1.2831 1.4593 1.6395

10 0.069143 0.6341 0.7612 0.8775 0.8986 0.9232 1.0886 1.2576 1.4304 1.607015 0.070515 0.6217 0.7464 0.8604 0.8812 0.9052 1.0674 1.2332 1.4026 1.575720 0.071886 0.6099 0.7322 0.8440 0.8644 0.8879 1.0471 1.2096 1.3758 1.545725 0.073258 0.5985 0.7184 0.8282 0.8482 0.8713 1.0275 1.1870 1.3500 1.516730 0.074629 0.5875 0.7052 0.8130 0.8326 0.8553 1.0086 1.1652 1.3252 1.488835 0.076001 0.5769 0.6925 0.7983 0.8176 0.8399 0.9904 1.1442 1.3013 1.462040 0.077372 0.5666 0.6802 0.7841 0.8031 0.8250 0.9728 1.1239 1.2783 1.436145 0.078744 0.5568 0.6684 0.7705 0.7891 0.8106 0.9559 1.1043 1.2560 1.411150 0.080115 0.5472 0.6570 0.7573 0.7756 0.7967 0.9395 1.0854 1.2345 1.386955 0.081487 0.5380 0.6459 0.7445 0.7625 0.7833 0.9237 1.0671 1.2137 1.363660 0.082858 0.5291 0.6352 0.7322 0.7499 0.7704 0.9084 1.0495 1.1936 1.341065 0.08423 0.5205 0.6249 0.7203 0.7377 0.7578 0.8936 1.0324 1.1742 1.319170 0.085601 0.5122 0.6148 0.7088 0.7259 0.7457 0.8793 1.0158 1.1554 1.298075 0.086973 0.5041 0.6052 0.6976 0.7144 0.7339 0.8654 0.9998 1.1372 1.277580 0.088344 0.4963 0.5958 0.6868 0.7033 0.7225 0.8520 0.9843 1.1195 1.257785 0.089716 0.4887 0.5866 0.6763 0.6926 0.7115 0.8390 0.9692 1.1024 1.238590 0.091087 0.4813 0.5778 0.6661 0.6821 0.7008 0.8263 0.9547 1.0858 1.219895 0.092459 0.4742 0.5692 0.6562 0.6720 0.6904 0.8141 0.9405 1.0697 1.2017

100 0.09383 0.4672 0.5609 0.6466 0.6622 0.6803 0.8022 0.9267 1.0540 1.1842









S/N 30000066






-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.21 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 57.0 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000066






S/N 30000066



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)




VOLUME

L x W = Sq Ft x H = 20000 Cu Ft



Total = Sq Ft 20000 Cu Ft





STORAGE REQUIRED






S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


(5)



Temperature(t)

[/F](3)


[ft3/lb](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.93678 0.0468 0.0562 0.0648 0.0663 0.0681 0.0803 0.0928 0.1056 0.1186-10 0.96119 0.0456 0.0548 0.0631 0.0646 0.0664 0.0783 0.0905 0.1029 0.1156

0 0.9856 0.0445 0.0534 0.0616 0.0630 0.0648 0.0764 0.0882 0.1003 0.112710 1.01001 0.0434 0.0521 0.0601 0.0615 0.0632 0.0745 0.0861 0.0979 0.110020 1.03442 0.0424 0.0509 0.0587 0.0601 0.0617 0.0728 0.0841 0.0956 0.107430 1.05883 0.0414 0.0497 0.0573 0.0587 0.0603 0.0711 0.0821 0.0934 0.104940 1.08324 0.0405 0.0486 0.0560 0.0574 0.0589 0.0695 0.0803 0.0913 0.102650 1.10765 0.0396 0.0475 0.0548 0.0561 0.0576 0.0680 0.0785 0.0893 0.100360 1.13206 0.0387 0.0465 0.0536 0.0549 0.0564 0.0665 0.0768 0.0874 0.098170 1.15647 0.0379 0.0455 0.0525 0.0537 0.0552 0.0651 0.0752 0.0855 0.096180 1.18088 0.0371 0.0446 0.0514 0.0526 0.0541 0.0637 0.0736 0.0838 0.094190 1.20529 0.0364 0.0437 0.0503 0.0516 0.0530 0.0624 0.0721 0.0821 0.0922

100 1.2297 0.0357 0.0428 0.0493 0.0505 0.0519 0.0612 0.0707 0.0804 0.0904110 1.25411 0.0350 0.0420 0.0484 0.0495 0.0509 0.0600 0.0693 0.0789 0.0886120 1.27852 0.0343 0.0412 0.0475 0.0486 0.0499 0.0589 0.0680 0.0774 0.0869130 1.30293 0.0336 0.0404 0.0466 0.0477 0.0490 0.0578 0.0667 0.0759 0.0853140 1.32734 0.0330 0.0397 0.0457 0.0468 0.0481 0.0567 0.0655 0.0745 0.0837150 1.35175 0.0324 0.0389 0.0449 0.0460 0.0472 0.0557 0.0643 0.0732 0.0822160 1.37616 0.0319 0.0382 0.0441 0.0452 0.0464 0.0547 0.0632 0.0719 0.0807170 1.40057 0.0313 0.0376 0.0433 0.0444 0.0456 0.0537 0.0621 0.0706 0.0793180 1.42498 0.0308 0.0369 0.0426 0.0436 0.0448 0.0528 0.0610 0.0694 0.0780190 1.44939 0.0302 0.0363 0.0419 0.0429 0.0440 0.0519 0.0600 0.0682 0.0767200 1.4738 0.0297 0.0357 0.0412 0.0422 0.0433 0.0511 0.0590 0.0671 0.0754210 1.49821 0.0293 0.0351 0.0405 0.0415 0.0426 0.0502 0.0580 0.0660 0.0742220 1.52262 0.0288 0.0346 0.0398 0.0408 0.0419 0.0494 0.0571 0.0650 0.0730









S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


(5)



Temperature(t)

[/C](3)


[m3/kg](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.060914 0.7197 0.8640 0.9960 1.0200 1.0479 1.2357 1.4275 1.6236 1.8241-15 0.062286 0.7039 0.8450 0.9741 0.9976 1.0248 1.2084 1.3961 1.5879 1.7839-10 0.063657 0.6887 0.8268 0.9531 0.9761 1.0027 1.1824 1.3660 1.5537 1.7455-5 0.065029 0.6742 0.8094 0.9330 0.9555 0.9816 1.1575 1.3372 1.5209 1.70870 0.0664 0.6603 0.7926 0.9137 0.9358 0.9613 1.1336 1.3096 1.4895 1.67345 0.067772 0.6469 0.7766 0.8952 0.9168 0.9418 1.1106 1.2831 1.4593 1.6395

10 0.069143 0.6341 0.7612 0.8775 0.8986 0.9232 1.0886 1.2576 1.4304 1.607015 0.070515 0.6217 0.7464 0.8604 0.8812 0.9052 1.0674 1.2332 1.4026 1.575720 0.071886 0.6099 0.7322 0.8440 0.8644 0.8879 1.0471 1.2096 1.3758 1.545725 0.073258 0.5985 0.7184 0.8282 0.8482 0.8713 1.0275 1.1870 1.3500 1.516730 0.074629 0.5875 0.7052 0.8130 0.8326 0.8553 1.0086 1.1652 1.3252 1.488835 0.076001 0.5769 0.6925 0.7983 0.8176 0.8399 0.9904 1.1442 1.3013 1.462040 0.077372 0.5666 0.6802 0.7841 0.8031 0.8250 0.9728 1.1239 1.2783 1.436145 0.078744 0.5568 0.6684 0.7705 0.7891 0.8106 0.9559 1.1043 1.2560 1.411150 0.080115 0.5472 0.6570 0.7573 0.7756 0.7967 0.9395 1.0854 1.2345 1.386955 0.081487 0.5380 0.6459 0.7445 0.7625 0.7833 0.9237 1.0671 1.2137 1.363660 0.082858 0.5291 0.6352 0.7322 0.7499 0.7704 0.9084 1.0495 1.1936 1.341065 0.08423 0.5205 0.6249 0.7203 0.7377 0.7578 0.8936 1.0324 1.1742 1.319170 0.085601 0.5122 0.6148 0.7088 0.7259 0.7457 0.8793 1.0158 1.1554 1.298075 0.086973 0.5041 0.6052 0.6976 0.7144 0.7339 0.8654 0.9998 1.1372 1.277580 0.088344 0.4963 0.5958 0.6868 0.7033 0.7225 0.8520 0.9843 1.1195 1.257785 0.089716 0.4887 0.5866 0.6763 0.6926 0.7115 0.8390 0.9692 1.1024 1.238590 0.091087 0.4813 0.5778 0.6661 0.6821 0.7008 0.8263 0.9547 1.0858 1.219895 0.092459 0.4742 0.5692 0.6562 0.6720 0.6904 0.8141 0.9405 1.0697 1.2017

100 0.09383 0.4672 0.5609 0.6466 0.6622 0.6803 0.8022 0.9267 1.0540 1.1842









S/N 30000066






-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.21 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 57.0 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000066






S/N 30000066



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)




VOLUME

24' L x 24' W = 576 Sq Ft x 10' H = 5760 Cu Ft

24' L x 24' W = 576 Sq Ft x 1' H = 576 Cu Ft


Total = 1152 Sq Ft 6336 Cu Ft





STORAGE REQUIRED






S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


(5)



Temperature(t)

[/F](3)


[ft3/lb](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.93678 0.0468 0.0562 0.0648 0.0663 0.0681 0.0803 0.0928 0.1056 0.1186-10 0.96119 0.0456 0.0548 0.0631 0.0646 0.0664 0.0783 0.0905 0.1029 0.1156

0 0.9856 0.0445 0.0534 0.0616 0.0630 0.0648 0.0764 0.0882 0.1003 0.112710 1.01001 0.0434 0.0521 0.0601 0.0615 0.0632 0.0745 0.0861 0.0979 0.110020 1.03442 0.0424 0.0509 0.0587 0.0601 0.0617 0.0728 0.0841 0.0956 0.107430 1.05883 0.0414 0.0497 0.0573 0.0587 0.0603 0.0711 0.0821 0.0934 0.104940 1.08324 0.0405 0.0486 0.0560 0.0574 0.0589 0.0695 0.0803 0.0913 0.102650 1.10765 0.0396 0.0475 0.0548 0.0561 0.0576 0.0680 0.0785 0.0893 0.100360 1.13206 0.0387 0.0465 0.0536 0.0549 0.0564 0.0665 0.0768 0.0874 0.098170 1.15647 0.0379 0.0455 0.0525 0.0537 0.0552 0.0651 0.0752 0.0855 0.096180 1.18088 0.0371 0.0446 0.0514 0.0526 0.0541 0.0637 0.0736 0.0838 0.094190 1.20529 0.0364 0.0437 0.0503 0.0516 0.0530 0.0624 0.0721 0.0821 0.0922

100 1.2297 0.0357 0.0428 0.0493 0.0505 0.0519 0.0612 0.0707 0.0804 0.0904110 1.25411 0.0350 0.0420 0.0484 0.0495 0.0509 0.0600 0.0693 0.0789 0.0886120 1.27852 0.0343 0.0412 0.0475 0.0486 0.0499 0.0589 0.0680 0.0774 0.0869130 1.30293 0.0336 0.0404 0.0466 0.0477 0.0490 0.0578 0.0667 0.0759 0.0853140 1.32734 0.0330 0.0397 0.0457 0.0468 0.0481 0.0567 0.0655 0.0745 0.0837150 1.35175 0.0324 0.0389 0.0449 0.0460 0.0472 0.0557 0.0643 0.0732 0.0822160 1.37616 0.0319 0.0382 0.0441 0.0452 0.0464 0.0547 0.0632 0.0719 0.0807170 1.40057 0.0313 0.0376 0.0433 0.0444 0.0456 0.0537 0.0621 0.0706 0.0793180 1.42498 0.0308 0.0369 0.0426 0.0436 0.0448 0.0528 0.0610 0.0694 0.0780190 1.44939 0.0302 0.0363 0.0419 0.0429 0.0440 0.0519 0.0600 0.0682 0.0767200 1.4738 0.0297 0.0357 0.0412 0.0422 0.0433 0.0511 0.0590 0.0671 0.0754210 1.49821 0.0293 0.0351 0.0405 0.0415 0.0426 0.0502 0.0580 0.0660 0.0742220 1.52262 0.0288 0.0346 0.0398 0.0408 0.0419 0.0494 0.0571 0.0650 0.0730









S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


(5)



Temperature(t)

[/C](3)


[m3/kg](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.060914 0.7197 0.8640 0.9960 1.0200 1.0479 1.2357 1.4275 1.6236 1.8241-15 0.062286 0.7039 0.8450 0.9741 0.9976 1.0248 1.2084 1.3961 1.5879 1.7839-10 0.063657 0.6887 0.8268 0.9531 0.9761 1.0027 1.1824 1.3660 1.5537 1.7455-5 0.065029 0.6742 0.8094 0.9330 0.9555 0.9816 1.1575 1.3372 1.5209 1.70870 0.0664 0.6603 0.7926 0.9137 0.9358 0.9613 1.1336 1.3096 1.4895 1.67345 0.067772 0.6469 0.7766 0.8952 0.9168 0.9418 1.1106 1.2831 1.4593 1.6395

10 0.069143 0.6341 0.7612 0.8775 0.8986 0.9232 1.0886 1.2576 1.4304 1.607015 0.070515 0.6217 0.7464 0.8604 0.8812 0.9052 1.0674 1.2332 1.4026 1.575720 0.071886 0.6099 0.7322 0.8440 0.8644 0.8879 1.0471 1.2096 1.3758 1.545725 0.073258 0.5985 0.7184 0.8282 0.8482 0.8713 1.0275 1.1870 1.3500 1.516730 0.074629 0.5875 0.7052 0.8130 0.8326 0.8553 1.0086 1.1652 1.3252 1.488835 0.076001 0.5769 0.6925 0.7983 0.8176 0.8399 0.9904 1.1442 1.3013 1.462040 0.077372 0.5666 0.6802 0.7841 0.8031 0.8250 0.9728 1.1239 1.2783 1.436145 0.078744 0.5568 0.6684 0.7705 0.7891 0.8106 0.9559 1.1043 1.2560 1.411150 0.080115 0.5472 0.6570 0.7573 0.7756 0.7967 0.9395 1.0854 1.2345 1.386955 0.081487 0.5380 0.6459 0.7445 0.7625 0.7833 0.9237 1.0671 1.2137 1.363660 0.082858 0.5291 0.6352 0.7322 0.7499 0.7704 0.9084 1.0495 1.1936 1.341065 0.08423 0.5205 0.6249 0.7203 0.7377 0.7578 0.8936 1.0324 1.1742 1.319170 0.085601 0.5122 0.6148 0.7088 0.7259 0.7457 0.8793 1.0158 1.1554 1.298075 0.086973 0.5041 0.6052 0.6976 0.7144 0.7339 0.8654 0.9998 1.1372 1.277580 0.088344 0.4963 0.5958 0.6868 0.7033 0.7225 0.8520 0.9843 1.1195 1.257785 0.089716 0.4887 0.5866 0.6763 0.6926 0.7115 0.8390 0.9692 1.1024 1.238590 0.091087 0.4813 0.5778 0.6661 0.6821 0.7008 0.8263 0.9547 1.0858 1.219895 0.092459 0.4742 0.5692 0.6562 0.6720 0.6904 0.8141 0.9405 1.0697 1.2017

100 0.09383 0.4672 0.5609 0.6466 0.6622 0.6803 0.8022 0.9267 1.0540 1.1842









S/N 30000066






-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.21 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 57.0 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000066






S/N 30000066



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)



HAZARD: Rooms ENGR. RM

VOLUME

15' L x 15' W = 225 Sq Ft x 10' H = 2250 Cu Ft

16' L x 19.5' W = 312 Sq Ft x 10' H = 3120 Cu Ft

18' L x 19.5' W = 351 Sq Ft x 10' H = 3510 Cu Ft

9' L x 19.5' W = 175.5 Sq Ft x 10' H = 1755 Cu Ft

Total = 1063.5 Sq Ft 10635 Cu Ft





STORAGE REQUIRED






S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


(5)



Temperature(t)

[/F](3)


[ft3/lb](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.93678 0.0468 0.0562 0.0648 0.0663 0.0681 0.0803 0.0928 0.1056 0.1186-10 0.96119 0.0456 0.0548 0.0631 0.0646 0.0664 0.0783 0.0905 0.1029 0.1156

0 0.9856 0.0445 0.0534 0.0616 0.0630 0.0648 0.0764 0.0882 0.1003 0.112710 1.01001 0.0434 0.0521 0.0601 0.0615 0.0632 0.0745 0.0861 0.0979 0.110020 1.03442 0.0424 0.0509 0.0587 0.0601 0.0617 0.0728 0.0841 0.0956 0.107430 1.05883 0.0414 0.0497 0.0573 0.0587 0.0603 0.0711 0.0821 0.0934 0.104940 1.08324 0.0405 0.0486 0.0560 0.0574 0.0589 0.0695 0.0803 0.0913 0.102650 1.10765 0.0396 0.0475 0.0548 0.0561 0.0576 0.0680 0.0785 0.0893 0.100360 1.13206 0.0387 0.0465 0.0536 0.0549 0.0564 0.0665 0.0768 0.0874 0.098170 1.15647 0.0379 0.0455 0.0525 0.0537 0.0552 0.0651 0.0752 0.0855 0.096180 1.18088 0.0371 0.0446 0.0514 0.0526 0.0541 0.0637 0.0736 0.0838 0.094190 1.20529 0.0364 0.0437 0.0503 0.0516 0.0530 0.0624 0.0721 0.0821 0.0922

100 1.2297 0.0357 0.0428 0.0493 0.0505 0.0519 0.0612 0.0707 0.0804 0.0904110 1.25411 0.0350 0.0420 0.0484 0.0495 0.0509 0.0600 0.0693 0.0789 0.0886120 1.27852 0.0343 0.0412 0.0475 0.0486 0.0499 0.0589 0.0680 0.0774 0.0869130 1.30293 0.0336 0.0404 0.0466 0.0477 0.0490 0.0578 0.0667 0.0759 0.0853140 1.32734 0.0330 0.0397 0.0457 0.0468 0.0481 0.0567 0.0655 0.0745 0.0837150 1.35175 0.0324 0.0389 0.0449 0.0460 0.0472 0.0557 0.0643 0.0732 0.0822160 1.37616 0.0319 0.0382 0.0441 0.0452 0.0464 0.0547 0.0632 0.0719 0.0807170 1.40057 0.0313 0.0376 0.0433 0.0444 0.0456 0.0537 0.0621 0.0706 0.0793180 1.42498 0.0308 0.0369 0.0426 0.0436 0.0448 0.0528 0.0610 0.0694 0.0780190 1.44939 0.0302 0.0363 0.0419 0.0429 0.0440 0.0519 0.0600 0.0682 0.0767200 1.4738 0.0297 0.0357 0.0412 0.0422 0.0433 0.0511 0.0590 0.0671 0.0754210 1.49821 0.0293 0.0351 0.0405 0.0415 0.0426 0.0502 0.0580 0.0660 0.0742220 1.52262 0.0288 0.0346 0.0398 0.0408 0.0419 0.0494 0.0571 0.0650 0.0730









S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


(5)



Temperature(t)

[/C](3)


[m3/kg](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.060914 0.7197 0.8640 0.9960 1.0200 1.0479 1.2357 1.4275 1.6236 1.8241-15 0.062286 0.7039 0.8450 0.9741 0.9976 1.0248 1.2084 1.3961 1.5879 1.7839-10 0.063657 0.6887 0.8268 0.9531 0.9761 1.0027 1.1824 1.3660 1.5537 1.7455-5 0.065029 0.6742 0.8094 0.9330 0.9555 0.9816 1.1575 1.3372 1.5209 1.70870 0.0664 0.6603 0.7926 0.9137 0.9358 0.9613 1.1336 1.3096 1.4895 1.67345 0.067772 0.6469 0.7766 0.8952 0.9168 0.9418 1.1106 1.2831 1.4593 1.6395

10 0.069143 0.6341 0.7612 0.8775 0.8986 0.9232 1.0886 1.2576 1.4304 1.607015 0.070515 0.6217 0.7464 0.8604 0.8812 0.9052 1.0674 1.2332 1.4026 1.575720 0.071886 0.6099 0.7322 0.8440 0.8644 0.8879 1.0471 1.2096 1.3758 1.545725 0.073258 0.5985 0.7184 0.8282 0.8482 0.8713 1.0275 1.1870 1.3500 1.516730 0.074629 0.5875 0.7052 0.8130 0.8326 0.8553 1.0086 1.1652 1.3252 1.488835 0.076001 0.5769 0.6925 0.7983 0.8176 0.8399 0.9904 1.1442 1.3013 1.462040 0.077372 0.5666 0.6802 0.7841 0.8031 0.8250 0.9728 1.1239 1.2783 1.436145 0.078744 0.5568 0.6684 0.7705 0.7891 0.8106 0.9559 1.1043 1.2560 1.411150 0.080115 0.5472 0.6570 0.7573 0.7756 0.7967 0.9395 1.0854 1.2345 1.386955 0.081487 0.5380 0.6459 0.7445 0.7625 0.7833 0.9237 1.0671 1.2137 1.363660 0.082858 0.5291 0.6352 0.7322 0.7499 0.7704 0.9084 1.0495 1.1936 1.341065 0.08423 0.5205 0.6249 0.7203 0.7377 0.7578 0.8936 1.0324 1.1742 1.319170 0.085601 0.5122 0.6148 0.7088 0.7259 0.7457 0.8793 1.0158 1.1554 1.298075 0.086973 0.5041 0.6052 0.6976 0.7144 0.7339 0.8654 0.9998 1.1372 1.277580 0.088344 0.4963 0.5958 0.6868 0.7033 0.7225 0.8520 0.9843 1.1195 1.257785 0.089716 0.4887 0.5866 0.6763 0.6926 0.7115 0.8390 0.9692 1.1024 1.238590 0.091087 0.4813 0.5778 0.6661 0.6821 0.7008 0.8263 0.9547 1.0858 1.219895 0.092459 0.4742 0.5692 0.6562 0.6720 0.6904 0.8141 0.9405 1.0697 1.2017

100 0.09383 0.4672 0.5609 0.6466 0.6622 0.6803 0.8022 0.9267 1.0540 1.1842









S/N 30000066






-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.21 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 57.0 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000066


Iso

met

ric

Dra

win

g fo

r th

e sy

stem

flo

w c

alcu

lati

on

det

aile

d in

Exa

mp

le 5

.




S/N 30000066







S/N 30000066



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)




VOLUME

4.1 M L x 4.1 M W = 16.81 Sq M x 3.1 M H = 52.11 Cu M

L x W = Sq M x H = Cu M

L x W = Sq M x H = Cu M

Total = 16.81 Sq M 52.11 Cu M


52.11 Cu M x .6074 (concentration factor) = 31.65 Kgs

31.65 Kgs x 1 (altitude correction factor) = 31.65 Kgs

Total Kilograms Required = 32

STORAGE REQUIRED

32 Kgs Req’d / 1 # of Cylinders = 32 Kgs/Cylinder





S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)s = 0.9856 + 0.002441 t

where t = temperature, °F

(5)



Temperature(t)

[/F](3)


[ft3/lb](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.93678 0.0468 0.0562 0.0648 0.0663 0.0681 0.0803 0.0928 0.1056 0.1186-10 0.96119 0.0456 0.0548 0.0631 0.0646 0.0664 0.0783 0.0905 0.1029 0.1156

0 0.9856 0.0445 0.0534 0.0616 0.0630 0.0648 0.0764 0.0882 0.1003 0.112710 1.01001 0.0434 0.0521 0.0601 0.0615 0.0632 0.0745 0.0861 0.0979 0.110020 1.03442 0.0424 0.0509 0.0587 0.0601 0.0617 0.0728 0.0841 0.0956 0.107430 1.05883 0.0414 0.0497 0.0573 0.0587 0.0603 0.0711 0.0821 0.0934 0.104940 1.08324 0.0405 0.0486 0.0560 0.0574 0.0589 0.0695 0.0803 0.0913 0.102650 1.10765 0.0396 0.0475 0.0548 0.0561 0.0576 0.0680 0.0785 0.0893 0.100360 1.13206 0.0387 0.0465 0.0536 0.0549 0.0564 0.0665 0.0768 0.0874 0.098170 1.15647 0.0379 0.0455 0.0525 0.0537 0.0552 0.0651 0.0752 0.0855 0.096180 1.18088 0.0371 0.0446 0.0514 0.0526 0.0541 0.0637 0.0736 0.0838 0.094190 1.20529 0.0364 0.0437 0.0503 0.0516 0.0530 0.0624 0.0721 0.0821 0.0922

100 1.2297 0.0357 0.0428 0.0493 0.0505 0.0519 0.0612 0.0707 0.0804 0.0904110 1.25411 0.0350 0.0420 0.0484 0.0495 0.0509 0.0600 0.0693 0.0789 0.0886120 1.27852 0.0343 0.0412 0.0475 0.0486 0.0499 0.0589 0.0680 0.0774 0.0869130 1.30293 0.0336 0.0404 0.0466 0.0477 0.0490 0.0578 0.0667 0.0759 0.0853140 1.32734 0.0330 0.0397 0.0457 0.0468 0.0481 0.0567 0.0655 0.0745 0.0837150 1.35175 0.0324 0.0389 0.0449 0.0460 0.0472 0.0557 0.0643 0.0732 0.0822160 1.37616 0.0319 0.0382 0.0441 0.0452 0.0464 0.0547 0.0632 0.0719 0.0807170 1.40057 0.0313 0.0376 0.0433 0.0444 0.0456 0.0537 0.0621 0.0706 0.0793180 1.42498 0.0308 0.0369 0.0426 0.0436 0.0448 0.0528 0.0610 0.0694 0.0780190 1.44939 0.0302 0.0363 0.0419 0.0429 0.0440 0.0519 0.0600 0.0682 0.0767200 1.4738 0.0297 0.0357 0.0412 0.0422 0.0433 0.0511 0.0590 0.0671 0.0754210 1.49821 0.0293 0.0351 0.0405 0.0415 0.0426 0.0502 0.0580 0.0660 0.0742220 1.52262 0.0288 0.0346 0.0398 0.0408 0.0419 0.0494 0.0571 0.0650 0.0730









S/N 30000066



(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)


(5)



Temperature(t)

[/C](3)


[m3/kg](4)



4.2% 5% 5.72% 5.85% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%-20 0.060914 0.7197 0.8640 0.9960 1.0200 1.0479 1.2357 1.4275 1.6236 1.8241-15 0.062286 0.7039 0.8450 0.9741 0.9976 1.0248 1.2084 1.3961 1.5879 1.7839-10 0.063657 0.6887 0.8268 0.9531 0.9761 1.0027 1.1824 1.3660 1.5537 1.7455-5 0.065029 0.6742 0.8094 0.9330 0.9555 0.9816 1.1575 1.3372 1.5209 1.70870 0.0664 0.6603 0.7926 0.9137 0.9358 0.9613 1.1336 1.3096 1.4895 1.67345 0.067772 0.6469 0.7766 0.8952 0.9168 0.9418 1.1106 1.2831 1.4593 1.6395

10 0.069143 0.6341 0.7612 0.8775 0.8986 0.9232 1.0886 1.2576 1.4304 1.607015 0.070515 0.6217 0.7464 0.8604 0.8812 0.9052 1.0674 1.2332 1.4026 1.575720 0.071886 0.6099 0.7322 0.8440 0.8644 0.8879 1.0471 1.2096 1.3758 1.545725 0.073258 0.5985 0.7184 0.8282 0.8482 0.8713 1.0275 1.1870 1.3500 1.516730 0.074629 0.5875 0.7052 0.8130 0.8326 0.8553 1.0086 1.1652 1.3252 1.488835 0.076001 0.5769 0.6925 0.7983 0.8176 0.8399 0.9904 1.1442 1.3013 1.462040 0.077372 0.5666 0.6802 0.7841 0.8031 0.8250 0.9728 1.1239 1.2783 1.436145 0.078744 0.5568 0.6684 0.7705 0.7891 0.8106 0.9559 1.1043 1.2560 1.411150 0.080115 0.5472 0.6570 0.7573 0.7756 0.7967 0.9395 1.0854 1.2345 1.386955 0.081487 0.5380 0.6459 0.7445 0.7625 0.7833 0.9237 1.0671 1.2137 1.363660 0.082858 0.5291 0.6352 0.7322 0.7499 0.7704 0.9084 1.0495 1.1936 1.341065 0.08423 0.5205 0.6249 0.7203 0.7377 0.7578 0.8936 1.0324 1.1742 1.319170 0.085601 0.5122 0.6148 0.7088 0.7259 0.7457 0.8793 1.0158 1.1554 1.298075 0.086973 0.5041 0.6052 0.6976 0.7144 0.7339 0.8654 0.9998 1.1372 1.277580 0.088344 0.4963 0.5958 0.6868 0.7033 0.7225 0.8520 0.9843 1.1195 1.257785 0.089716 0.4887 0.5866 0.6763 0.6926 0.7115 0.8390 0.9692 1.1024 1.238590 0.091087 0.4813 0.5778 0.6661 0.6821 0.7008 0.8263 0.9547 1.0858 1.219895 0.092459 0.4742 0.5692 0.6562 0.6720 0.6904 0.8141 0.9405 1.0697 1.2017

100 0.09383 0.4672 0.5609 0.6466 0.6622 0.6803 0.8022 0.9267 1.0540 1.1842









S/N 30000066






-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.21 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 57.0 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000066






S/N 30000066


EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 1 Refer to Section 2.4.1.1 - System Information. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC

DESIGNATIONS.

EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 2 Refer to Section 2.4.1.2 - Hazard Data. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC DESIGNATIONS.




S/N 30000066


EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 4 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.A - Calculation Results. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC

DESIGNATIONS.

EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC

DESIGNATIONS. At the completion and verification of the inputted data, the current data should be saved(refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready to Calculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 -Calculate and Display Results). The next 3 screens illustrate the results of the calculation.




S/N 30000066


EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 5 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.B - Nozzle Performance. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC

DESIGNATIONS.

EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 6 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.C - Hazard Concentration Results. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN

ARE METRIC DESIGNATIONS.

These instructions do not purport to cover all the details or variations in theequipment described, nor do they provide for every possible contingency to bemet in connection with design, installation, operation and maintenance. Allspecifications subject to change without notice. Should further information bedesired or should particular problems arise that are not covered sufficiently forthe purchaser’s purposes, the matter should be referred to CHEMETRON FIRESYSTEMS, Matteson, IL.

S/N 30000066 10/5/2004 Rev. A ©2004 Chemetron Fire SystemsPrinted in USA

Chemetron Fire Systems and Cardox are registered trademarks of Chemetron Fire Systems.3M and Novec are trademarks of 3M Company.

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