From a field hockey stick to a diplomaDelani Remp - 9

Megan Krick is a 17-year-old senior who just wrapped up her last field hockey season at Hamburg. This year’s season was one of the best seasons the high school has ever had with a record of 5-10-2. Megan started playing hockey in grade 7 after seeing her sister play in middle school.

She took a year off her freshman year, but this season, she was the starting center defense alongside her fellow defender and one of her best friends, Logan Albrecht. Her favorite memory of her team is at the team sleepover when one of the starting goalies, Veronica Heckman, started a pudding war! She loves the atmosphere at games and making new friends on and off the field. Megan is involved in many clubs here at the high school including Agricultural Science Club, and most popular, Wilderness Club. When Megan graduates from high school the colleges she plans to look into Delaware Valley University or Penn

State for agribusiness. The thing she will miss most about going to school at Hamburg is obviously field hockey! When asked if she could give any advice she stated for new members to talk to people and find out if they like the sport and any sport before they commit.

Veronica Crespo is scoring this yearJasmin Modricker – 11

Veronica Crespo was a two sport athlete for two years and one sport athlete for the other two years throughout her high school career. She played girls’ soccer all four years in high school and track for two years during her freshman and sophomore year. Playing since kindergarten, Veronica grew a love for soccer. This year, as a senior, Veronica not only started every single game, but she was also a captain for the girls’ soccer team. She ran track in the past to prepare herself and stay in shape for the upcoming soccer season. Veronica is expecting to play sports in college, however, if she does not play on a college team, she will definitely play on a club or intramural team. Veronica’s senior year was her favorite soccer season because of the bond that always grew between the players. She states, “We created not just a team, but a family. We improved more than our record, but our relationship with each other.” As Veronica is in two AP courses, AP Biology and AT Chemistry, it is challenging for her to balance it with soccer. She has to prioritize her time very wisely in order to complete assignments for both courses while juggling games or practices. Veronica declares, “The work load for AP courses is much more extreme; however, balancing my time and not procrastinating on assignments is key. It is very hard and it does indeed get stressful, but you get a feeling of accomplishment when you succeed.” Veronica is hoping to continue her schooling at Temple University. She is majoring in pre-med and furthering her career in forensic pathology. Her favorite food is lasagna and favorite restaurant is Olive Garden. One sport Veronica wishes she could have tried to play was girls’ tennis, however, soccer is in the fall season also, so she was unable to play.

Women see more colors than men Quinn Holl - 10

Men and women differ in numerous ways, and the perception of color is one of those dissimilarities. Women tend to possess broader color vocabularies, but scientists believe women are actually seeing more color gradations than men. Israel Abramov, a behavioral neuroscientist at CUNY’s Brooklyn College performed an experiment to test this theory. Three dimensions affect the visualization of color, which include hue, saturation and brightness. Hue, being the actual color, such as red, yellow and blue. Saturation is the deepness of a color and brightness describes the way a color radiates or reflects light. During the experiment, Abramov asked men and women to break down the hue of a color and assign a percentage to the categories red, yellow, green and blue. The results revealed that women were better at distinguishing subtle differences between the gradations than men, especially between hues of yellow and green, which appeared nearly identical to men. Abramov found that slightly longer wavelengths of light were required in order for men to see the same hues as women. For example, hues identified as orange by women, appeared more yellow to men. However, when light and dark bars were shown flickering on a screen, men dominated the experiment and could detect quick-changing details from afar. They were better able to perceive changes in brightness across space, a skill used for reading a letter on an eye chart or recognizing a face. This effect increased as the bars narrowed, which suggests that men are more sensitive to fine details and rapid movement than women. The explanation is men have more testosterone receptors than women, primarily in the visual region of the cerebral cortex. As far as perception of colors, one explanation dives into the past, when hunters and gatherers roamed the earth. As hunters, men needed to distinguish between predators and prey from afar. However, women quite possibly developed an ideal close range view from foraging and gathering. Colten Eisenhauer expressed what he thought about the evidence that proves women perceive more colors than men, “I had no idea men have a different perspective of colors than women do. I always found it interesting how we perceive color solely based off of variations in frequencies. I always wondered if possibly every person saw color a little bit differently.” For more information visit: https://lions-talk-science.org/2015/03/30/when-it-comes-

Students enjoy Holocaust electiveKiana Wright – 12

Mr. Evans, a teacher at Hamburg Area High School, teaches many social studies classes but one of the biggest classes is the Holocaust elective. He says he decided to teach this class because, “after a year of teaching a unit on World War II, a student approached him and told him that his father said that the Holocaust never happened. He realized that there was a need for the proper education on this topic. The Holocaust class has been offered at Hamburg every three years. Therefore, this is the third year that Evans has taught this class. Evans proposed the class many years ago, however it was then offered for the first time in 2010. There are a total of 56 kids in the elective all year round, but over 170 students sign up. The reason that there is such a difference in numbers is because not all students have room for the class in their schedule, so mostly upperclassmen will receive this class as an elective. The Holocaust elective teaches students about all aspects of the Holocaust as well as other genocides that have taken place in the past and also the present. The Holocaust class helps provide students with the mindset that all human life is important and that one person can make a difference. This elective is a one semester class meaning that it takes place for two quarters. Evans says that the only thing that has changed about this class over the past few years is, “Sadly there are new examples of genocide to use as teachable moments in having the ability to compare it to the Holocaust”. His favorite part about teaching the class is that he gets to help students realize the cost of inaction and hopefully have shown the possibility that they too can become activists for universal human rights. Evans says that a student should definitely consider taking this class as it will help them better understand the greatest human atrocity and work to keep it from happening again. Ryan Wagner, a junior in this class, says, “I took this class because Evans is his favorite teacher and he felt like he would be the best teacher to teach the Holocaust as he is so passionate about it.” The Holocaust elective is planning a trip to Washington D.C. to visit the Holocaust Museum sometime in April. For more information about this class visit Mr. Evans.

November 15, 2017Volume XXIV

Issue 7

HAWK HAPPENINGS November 15 2017 PAGE 2

Hawk Happenings Publication Information:Adviser: Miss Terri McCarthy-Wright; Editor in Chief: Eliza Moseman; Issue Layout Editor: Ian Ryan; Writers: Paiton Albrecht, Valeria Amato, Grant Doklan, Meghan Eisenhauer, Sierra Fisher, Emily Garvey, Sarah Gould, Emma Greenawald, Quinn Holl, Tyler Holl, Jennifer Hoshauer, Gio Klahr, Alexandria Kline, Carly Levan, Ashley Lojko, Alyssa Marzili, Jasmin Modricker, Cady Moylan, Delani Remp, Autumn Richard, Ian Ryan, Erik Shinton, Michaela Sturm, Kiana Wright. Hawk Hap-penings is a weekly publication created by the students in the Publications class at Hamburg Area High School. It is distributed free of charge throughout the Hamburg Area High School community. The opinions in this newspaper represent those of the student writers and do not represent the opinions of the faculty, staff, administration, or school board of the Hamburg Area School District. We are a member of the Pennsylvania School Press Association (PSPA), the National Scholastic Press Association (NSPA), and Quill and Scroll. If you have any questions or comments regarding Hawk Happenings, anything that appears in its pages, or if you would like to sponsor our paper with a donation, please contact Miss Terri McCarthy-Wright, Hawk Happenings, Hamburg Area High School, Windsor Street, Hamburg, PA, 19526. Our email address is termcc@hasdhawks.org and our phone number is 610-562-3861, x2327.

Learning the History of ThanksgivingCarly Levan – 12

The first Thanksgiving took place in 1621 with the colonists of Plymouth and the Wampanoag natives. The two groups shared a feast to celebrate a plentiful harvest that year and the festival lasted for a total of three days. There is no official record of the exact foods they had but, Edward Winslow wrote in his diary that Governor Bradford sent some men on a “fowling” mission and that the natives brought five deer. Historians have hypothesized that the meal was prepared with Native American spices and that, sadly, there were no pies, cakes or other desserts because the pilgrims had no oven and their sugar supply was low at that point. Over the next 200 years, Americans celebrated Thanksgiving individually as colonies, and later states, until Abraham Lincoln proclaimed Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863. Before Thanksgiving was a national holiday, it was celebrated several different ways. The Continental Congress would designate one or more days to Thanksgiving a year during the American Revolution. Additionally, in 1789 George Washington issued the first Thanksgiving proclamation by the United States government. Washington also encouraged the country to share what they were thankful for. John Adams and James Madison were also known for making Thanksgiving proclamations during their presidencies. In 1817 New York became the first state to set an annual Thanksgiving holiday. The noted magazine editor and prolific writer, Sarah Josepha Hale, can be thanked for Abraham Lincoln creating a national holiday for Thanksgiving. Hale campaigned for 36 years until she was able to wear Lincoln down. Finally, Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a bill in 1941 that set Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November that still stands today. For more information, visit: http://www.history.com/topics/thanksgiving/history-of-thanksgiving

Prepare for Thanksgiving!Valeria Amato - 10

Thanksgiving is almost here, and it is time to start thinking about what needs to be understood and done to properly celebrate this favored, nationwide holiday! Every fourth Thursday of November, many American families sit at their dinner tables and gorge the traditional Thanksgiving menu. This menu usually consists of cranberry sauce, mashed potatoes, corn, gravy, green beans, dinner rolls, and most importantly, the roasted turkey. Many families also add foods that are tradition within their own families instead of tradition to the holiday itself. For example, Alyssa Amadoro says, “My grandmother always makes her special toasted marshmallows.” When preparing these foods, make sure to start the day before the feast to insure that there is enough time to cook and east! The day before turkey day, start to prepare foods that can be put aside like stuffing and vegetables so the cook can focus on the main courses the next day. Although, most families revolve the holiday around feasting, it is important to know the background of Thanksgiving and why we celebrate it. Many believe the food they eat is what was eaten during the first Thanksgiving, it actually somewhat differs. During the first Thanksgiving, Pilgrims and Wampanoag Indians actually ate either duck or goose instead of turkey. Another difference is that the group also ate fish, which is not an average addition to the meal in present day. They also did not eat cranberry sauce, or pumpkin pie, but instead, just ate pumpkin. On the other hand, they did enjoy fruits, vegetables, and bread like families today. Even though, the holiday is celebrated by eating a feast, the true meaning of Thanksgiving is be thankful and to express gratitude. It is important to appreciate the blessings in life, so sitting around a table and eating a great meal with loved ones is a great way to express it! Sophomore, Bella Lorusso describes her understanding of Thanksgiving when she stated, “Thanksgiving is a time where my family and I can sit around the dinner table and acknowledge the blessings that we have, along with the delicious food!” Thanksgiving is a great time to feast, and to be thankful.

The Infernal Devices is a Victorian masterpieceAlexandra Kline - 10

The Infernal Devices series, written by Cassandra Clare, is a trilogy fiction novel series about creatures half human and half angelic that fight demons and protect mundanes (regular humans). Along with protecting mundanes, they must also deal with Downworlders, such as werewolves, vampires, faeries, and warlocks, all of which have demon blood in them whether it’s a disease or from birth. “Pulvis et umbra sumus. We are dust and shadows.” Taking place in London, England in the 19th century, The Infernal Devices shows the Shadow World in a time very unlike today. A young girl from New York, Tessa Gray, travels to London in search of her older brother, Nathaniel Gray. Instead of finding her brother, she is kidnapped by warlocks to make her become what she truly is: a Shape-shifter. Unlike most shape-shifters, she can also read the person’s mind that she changes into, making her very unique. After six weeks of torture, she is rescued by Shadowhunters who take her to the London Institute to protect her, not knowing the full story. William Herondale and James (also called Jem) Carstairs are two Shadowhunters Tessa’s age that are also living in the London Institute, along with Jessamine Lovelace, another Shadowhunter. Will and Jem are parabatai, two people with their souls bound as one; more than best friends, but not brothers. Tessa’s powers are a great mystery to the Shadow World and Shadowhunters. She has the powers of a warlock, but she does not have a warlock mark, like all warlocks do. Warlocks are the offspring of demons and humans, born immortal and infertile. While Tessa was being tortured by the warlocks that kidnapped her, she heard the name The Magister, meaning the master. The Magister had the warlocks torture her and make her learn her abilities so she could marry The Magister. The Shadowhunters do not want The Magister to get their hands on her, so they must find him and stop him before people die. As they search for The Magister, Tessa becomes close to Will and Jem. Will keeps pushing her away, as he does with everyone around him. Jem is slowly dying from a drug addiction that his life is dependent on, but the supply is slowly dwindling. What will they do? Where is Tessa’s brother, Nate? Who is the Magister? What is Tessa? Why is Will pushing everyone away? What will happen to Jem? What happens to rogue Downworlders? Why does the Inquisitor not listen to Tessa? Why do the Lightwoods hate Will so much? Carly Levan, a senior, has read The Infernal Devices. “It was interesting to see a different point of view of the Shadowhunters and to see the history and ancestry of some of the characters from The Mortal Instruments. My favorite character was probably Jem because he put others first and was loyal. I thought it was really good and it was one of my favorite series of Cassandra Clare. I especially liked the time period it was set in because it was different from most books I have read. My favorite scene was the ending of the series when everything was wrapped up and we learned more about what the characters did after the series. Yes I would recommend this to others. I actually read the book on the recommendation of one of my friends (shoutout to Ashley Lojko).” The Shadowhunters in the victorian era are full of gentlemen, ladies, and even more demons to fight.

Historians Commemorate John F. Kennedy’s lifeKiana Wright – 12

President John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 and served as the 35th United States President. Kennedy belonged to the Democratic Party and took over after Dwight D. Eisenhower’s republican reign. Before he became President he was the senator from Massachusetts and would later become the youngest-ever elected President at the age of 43. When Kennedy was inducted, the United States was heavily involved in the Cold War therefore he spent most of his time managing relations with communist countries. One of the most famous failures of John F. Kennedy was the Bay of Pigs invasion. This was an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro’s communist regime in Cuba. This would lead to the U.S. involvement in Vietnam. John F. Kennedy was one of the most famous presidents because of his government policies and his dashing good looks. He was very popular among the United States and its peoples because he was so charismatic and cared about the people’s opinions. That is why the nation was forever changed on November 22, 1963. Clare Benz, the school’s career specialist, was seven years old when Kennedy was assassinated. “I remember being shocked and sad even at such a young age because my brother was in the army. He was stationed in New Jersey but snuck home so he could see the family. While he was at home, he got a call to go back to base because the military believed that this was a Russian attack.” She says that the feeling and atmosphere after this call put her family into a very tense mood until the situation was figured out. As President Kennedy was driving down Main Street at the Dealey Plaza, there was a shot that came from the Texas School Book Depository. The bullets hit the president’s neck and head with the third shot being the fatal shot. The man that was charged with the murder of Kennedy was Lee Harvey Oswald. He was put on trial for the assassination of Kennedy but was never fully charged because a nightclub owner, Jack Ruby, had pulled a pistol and shot Harvey. The reason that this day is so important to history is because the case was never really solved as there are still many conspiracy theories that are thrown around. President Kennedy was very influential in American politics as well as international affairs and the nation was electrified when he was shot and killed in Dallas, Texas. For more information visit: https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/November-22-1963-Death-of-the-President.aspx