Volume V, No. 6 NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1987 ISSN 0115-9097

Science and Technology in NationalEconomic Recovery and Growth

EDITOR'S NOTE: The importance of Science and Technology (S & T) Fast-paced and increasingly complexin our economy cannot be disputed. Science and Technology contribu[ed greatly technological innovations have made ato a number of sign(tic'ant accomplishments in agriculture and natural resources, rcvcrberatillg impact oft modern times,industry and energy, tlre basic sciences, and health and nutrition. /C)vrone, the extending the seemingly firtite frontiersagriculture and natural resources sector aims to develop low-cost and low-material that man c_:li]explore. Among distinctiveinpul technoloNes to increase commodiO; production, as well as develop conserraricm trends in rccent h.istory is the iNpol"tanceand resource management systems. Pbr the industo, and energ3, sector, the thrust of science and techlnology (S&T) and tlaeis to generate technologies to improve producth, ity of existing indust'ires. Side by concomitant surge in industrialism. Thisside with this is the basic sciences sector whose aim is to strengthen the scientific development has enforced sweepingand technological in,['raslructure of the ['(?Unl'_l"l Oil [he other hand, the strategy changes in both Western and non-Westernof the health and nutrition sector is to develop indigenous resources such as medi- nations. Increash'@y, science and tech-cinalplants, nology has become the bedrock of

Science and Technology has o['ten been cited as a key factor in economic development, sere'ring as indispensable

growdt and development, l_i)r instance, m highly-developed countries, 50-70per- tools in efl!o_'ts to effectively harnesscent c).[ economic growth is attributed to S & T, while in newly industrializ#'lg natural resources.countries (NICs), it is 4.5-5.5percent. In developing countries, the .figure stands atabout 30 percent. Even countries with scarce resources, e.g., Kurea, 7_iwan andSingapore t,ave attained their present level of development due to the in ti,stion Significance of Science and

of S & T. .In the Philippines, it is hypothesized that full utilization of S & T Technology (S & T)would bring about as much as 40 percent of economic growth. Unfortunately,resources poured into S & Tin the Philippines have not kept pace with Ne require- In the Philippines, science and tech-menls o.fa developing country, nol.ogy constitute an integral component .......

Our g3¢estwriter, Dr. Antonio _: Arizabal, is the Secretary oj'the Department of the national development plan, andof Science and Technology (DOST). In his article, he provides int'etvsting ins(ghls is seen to complement the economicon the problems faced bv S & T in the Philippines, and also the current thrust sector to hzaprove productivity.of thc Departmen t.

Dr. Arizabal graduated in ] 952 from the Unirersin, of tlre Philippines with a The csselqtial toIt of S & T in nationalBachelor oJ' Science degree in C/lemislrl; /CUlHlaude), lie obtained his Master's and development is recognized in the 1987Doctorate degrees in Metallurgical Engineeri_tg from the Carnegie Institute of Constitution which mmxdates that "theTechnology in 1957 and 1961. ,espectively. Al the same time, Ire was also a Re- State shall give priority to Research andsearch Fellow at the American Iron and Steel Institute. A TOYM (Ten Ottlslarlditlg Development (R & D); invention and ir_-Young Men of" tire Philippines) awardee Jbr 1966 in the field eft"iron and steel novation and their u_ilization; and totechnology, his ma& area of specialization is industrial and energy development, scie_'tce and technology education, train-

CONTENTS: PAGE

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN NATIONAL ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND GROWTH ................ 1

UPDATE:

NEW PUBLICATIONS ............................................................ 8ON-GOING STUDIES ............................................................. 8SEMINARS .................................................................... 9

PIDS PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE ................................................... 10

IIIIII III IIIIlIIll II IIIIII

DEVELOPMENT RESE;. ICH NEWS NO',, .MBER-DECEMBER 1987

TABLE I. LIST OF Sat PROGRAMS UNDERTAKEN BY NSTA COUNCILS _ AGENCIES IN 1986

PC IERD PCARRD PCHRD NRCPI_valuatlon aMonitoringofResearch Institution Building Pharmaceutical RBD Program Promotion &A_slstonce to Fundamental

ProjeCts Research and Development Environmental Health Safety a Research Activities

Transfer 8Commercialization of Monaqement Rehabilitation Program S_T Manpower Development andLocally Developed Technologies ResearchLIt[!ization for Develop- Maternal 8t Child Health Institution Building Prograrn

Scientific EITechnologicafServices ment Infectious Disease Pragram International LInkage_

Information System Local _ Internal[anal Col[abora- Nutrition ProgF_rn

S_T Manpower Development c_nd Haft Health Services R 5_£, Pr:_-n-m

Institution Building Program Medicinal Plants Pragram

Local 8_lnternatlonel Linkages Manpower Training it Dev't

institution Dev't Program

Primary Health Care Financing

Into. Dis ,Tech. Transfer andCommercialization Program

International Linkages

FPRDI FNRI _ MSp_IPaper, Chemical Products and Dendro- Nutrltional Standards _Require- Food Technology Program Ceramic Research e, Dev't Program

Energy RaD Program meats Research Program h_dustrlol Fermentation Program Metal Research 8 Devgt Program

Housing gild Materials R _D Program Food Management Research PharmaceutiCal Research Polymers Research 8kDev't Progro;_:Furnitures, Ware I_ Packagino R _O Nutritional Assessmer_t _ Moni- ResourCe Recovery Research Testing _ Evaluation of Mar'Is P_-,_.Forest Products Researches, Findings taring Program Program Test Production of Materials Progra_l

and other into. Documentation Food Compasit(on & Quality Organic Chemical Research Program Manpower Development and InstltJJti_nProgram Researcll Program Energy Research Program Building Program

NSTA-RegJonal Technology Develop- MedicolNutritional Research Engineering Research Program International Llnkage_meat Program Program Technology Transfer I_ Commerciall-

Human Resources Development Hutritlon Intervention 8t Policy zotion ProgramProgram Research Program S_T Manpower Development I_

International Llnkagee Nutrition C_mmunlcatlon BI Educ. Institution Building ProgramNtitritlonol Food Processing Prig. International LinkagesS I_T Manpower Oev't EkInstituticr.

Building ProgramLocal _ International Linkages

PAGASA _ SPI NASTAtmospheric, Geophysical _ Nuclear Research and Develop- S_;ience Promotion, Information Dis- Promotion and Recognition of Scientific;

Astronomical Services ment semination and Scientific Services and Technol@gical Effort _Achleve"

Weather Forecasting, Geophysical Scientific and Teehnot Deice ( Scientific a_d Techn aiDe,ca ( Man- f_ent

Astronomical Services Services and Information _ower and Science Education Advisory Functiol_Observation _Acqu[sitlon of Sy$tem _rogram ihternational Linkages

Environmental Data institution Build[noand"SBT

Research and Trng. on Enviranmel_- Human/Resources Develop-tel F_AIIied S_iences meat

Typhoon Moderation a WeatherModification Development

Local & Interpotional Linkages

PI V$ PI;H$Invention Development Assistance Volcanological R _ D Program Secondary Science Education

(n the Field of hdustr[O,[ Proper_y Volcano Monitoring & Disaster ProgramProgram Mitigation Program

invention Technology Development Seismology _Geophysics R_D

Del.iver y Program Program

_du_triai/Market Promotion for Economic Volcanic Produats

Filipino Innovations R _ D Program SOUrCe: DOST 1986 Annun.1 ReportDevelopment of Resource Cape- Manpower Development

bilIties and Institutional Institution Building Program

Linkages Local 8_ International Linkages

mg and services. It shall support "to fully harness S & ".f resources to help developmental programs aimed at ira-indigenous, appropriate and self reliant achieve the objectives of economic proving the quality of life of Filipinos. IS & T capabilities and their application recovery, and to create the conditionsto the country's productive systems and for sustained economic growth. '_ On its A more recent development is tlnenational life" (Art. XIV, Sec. I0). At the part, the government emphasized the creation of the Department of Sciencesame time, the Medium-Term Philippine importance of S & T when the President and Technology (DOST), the age_cyDevelopment Plan ([987-1992), ex- directed the active application of S & T mandated to provide central direction,p.ressedly states the country's intention discoveries and innovations to backstop leadership and coordinalJon of scienti-

2 I I II I IIII I I I II

DEVELOPMENTRESE! CHNEWS NO\ VIBER-DECEMBER1987

Ffic and technological efforts, and to TABLE 2. ContractResearches -ensure tlrat the results are geared and Since March 1984utilized in areas that will yield maxmrumeconomic and social benefits. Project Titles Name of Client

I. Development of Technology for the Acce- •Florence Foods Corporationlerated Production of Fish SaucetPatis)and

Tbus the important role of S & T Fish Paste lBagoong)

can further be appreciated by examining 2. Laboratory Analysis and Formulation Studies e Leuca Life Incorporated

its contribution to economic growth and of Oleum melaleuco (Tea Tree Oil )

development. The results and application 3. Studies on Cottonseed Oil Production eMlndanao Cotton DevelopmentCorporation

of technological innovation to production 4. Establishment and Operation of the eMuniclpal Government of

is considered more significant than the Demonstration and Training Center for the CurrlmaoProduction and Utilization of Marine-Basedinfusion Of capital or labor, Also, S & T Products

has been proven to be a key factor in 5. Development of Suitable Formulation and e Rohm and Haas, Phil.Eventual Production of Detergent Utilizing 19th Floor, Metrobank Bldg.

economic growth and development ac- coconut Fatty Alcohols and Primal LMW Gen. d. Puyat Ext., Makati

counting. Ia highly-developed countries 6. Commercial Production of Laundry Bar • Ephpheta, Inc.50 to 70 percent of economic growth was Soapfrom Coconut Oil

attributed to S & T, while in newly indus- 7_ Soap Making and Cooking Oil Production • The Industrial Research

trializing countries (NIC's), the figure is Foundation

45-55 percent; and about 30 percent in B. Specialty Chemicals from Locally Avail - QAvon Products Manufacturingable Sources Inc.

developing countries. As exanrples, NIC's 9. Technology Transfer of the Improved a. Osc.ar Ledesmaand Co.,Inc.in Asia like South Korea, Taiwan, Hang- Method for the Production of Industrial b. Pablo Trillana II

kong, and Singapore, even with limited Solar Salt ¢. Kauturan Pison Develop-ment Corp. (KAPIDECO)

resources, ]lave attained their present IO. Analytical ProcedUreS and Techniques of • Interland Chemicals, Inc.level of development due to the infusion Activated Carbon Analyses

of S&T. II. Production of imported Bleaching Clay eMerit Mining CorporationSubetitute from Local Bentonite

For the Philippines it is believed that 12. conversion of Coconut Husks Waste = Northern Samar IntegratedMaterials Into Charcoal by Open-Hearth Rural Development Project

the fLI]l LttiJizat]on of S & T can aCCOL|llt Furnace Method

for as mucb as 40 percent of economic 13. Production of TransparentSoapin •Philippine Herbal Groupgrowth, In fact, S & T contributed sub- CommercialScalestantially to a l_tUi/lber OF significant 14. Fabrication of Cashew Nut Cracking Machine **VGL Industries

accomplishments in agriculture and natu- le. Design and Fabrication of Storwheels and • Pepsi Cola Bqttling Co., Inc.Honeycomb Filter Recycling Apparatus

ral resources, industry and energy, and16. Evaluation of Thermal Efficiencles of Solid • Technology Resource Center

]lealth and nutritiorl. For Olle OUl' food Fuels and Stoves of Various Designs

industry benefitted from local R & D It. Evaluation of Polystyrene Processandits a PetrochemProducts for Improvement of Process

efforts suctl that the value-added share Technologyof this sector has been maintained at

18. Design and Fabrication of Chamber/ • Petrochema very high 50 percent. In tbe early Densometer

seventies we achieved self-sufficiency jrl 19_ Improvementof MIST Technology in the •Philippine Coconut Research

rice, due to amo:t?,g others significant Production of Diesel Fuel from Coconut Oil and Development Foundation(PCRDF)S & T inputs_ Science and technologyhave made possible the improvenlent oF Source: DOST1986 Annual Report

the physical quality of life, as reflected U.S.$227 million in 1985. Science and

in the average life cxpectartcy at birth technology have been instrumental in the Assessment of S & Tfrom 59.1 years in 1970 to 63.1 years widespread culture of aquatic and marine in the Philippinesin 1985, aud a reduction in infant morta- resources such as milkfish and tilapia. Forlity rate frol_ 74.6 per 1,000 live birtlls example, the scientific breakthrough in The growth of local science andin 1975 to 56.6 in ].985. More recently, sex reversal of dlapia turned it from a technology (S & T), at least at thiswe have identified and utilized energy imisance fish specie in the 1970's into the stage of the cotmtry's developmelrt,technologies using indigenous resources second most important cultured fish in can be characterized as increasedlargely Through local adaptive R & D arid the country today. Hopefully, the na- sensitivity to tile needs of Filipinos_he co,lsequent pilot testing of these tional infrastructure for advanced science in terms of programs and projects.technologies. A speciCic exanlple is the and tecllnology will be sufficiently devel- Unfortunately, there is still a high degreeutilization of geothermal fields wh.ich aped to lay the foundations for the of public apathy and criticisnl towards

llelped tile country attain 50 percel_t sell"- country to become a newly industriali- the pursuance of some S & T pilotsufficiency in energy, and has generated zing country by the year 2000. (Table 1 projects, and even technological re-savings in oil imports amounting to lists down S & T programsin 1986) search.

IIII I IIII 3

<__-_ ...... :_'::::: (;L::i :_::/::_::<%:j:::;-_ ::< :/:_ :_:::........ _:........ _':_-'_ ?" _ _'?_ _ _<...... :L.......... _

:::???;:'_L:::_: ___ _::_ _.:__ ?_'_:L7_(i_i:?_:%:_:Z_%-_V_(/:::_7:;%:_.:C:_": _......._:_ :_ :_ _ . ?_. :_ [::;') _ _.... J. . : .... .... ....... : ' al .7...... : : .... mgaged m:R& D:m 1.)8_.:/his figurl........ Sc ence:aiid tedi*ioi0gy i tile ip '-C _ 0rfi0fi of tibet resources: tO .......... c

pines is ,accci wit*l.:the universalpr0blem: i: stippor_R&Di .......... : : includes about 8,000 scientists and

: of developiiig n:ations:-a widening gap : i: engineei!S: making the Philippines one ofinlS& T::levels vis:aiv{s dieldevel0ped : isS& T the countries with {he lowest ratio of

i c0an{rieS_::S0rne eXperis:inindusttYsay :applicatioris;:Social seiei.rtists land ted> scientists :and engi_ueers vis-a-vis itstliat:if the: Philippines eo_tiliucsi:eo be: inoiovists:liave r*o-t:c:0n'dnCi*iglyctemon_ populatio:n. ........ ::

: c0mplacen{, even cocmtries like l BaiW: wi.th the i : iiladeSh and: Nepal might Tl_s :n_iEo:,ii'S::i.i_iost::::preS,,ing:::problems, We: :By fieldS:of:R: 19821 !figurespredicmneii* is f{rt le:r::agg?avated byl th.c : : : appC_r i_lcap_b[e {dire ate advances il_ hidica*c:t1_at 31 percent 0f total R& D

........ : radical:: teChn0i0gieall changes: 0rearing scier_ce::arid techr_0iogy, and t%r t]_at expenditures were devoted to: a.gricul-i...... wor dw del br6ng it ab0ut ::Wi:thl socio_economic rural sciences. R & D hi agriculture was

to focus concerned mairdy with :improvillg cropllatul-e::0fi: ecor_ollic productionl itself: 0 breaki:lii?0ugh :isctueiiJes ra.thel than i varieties. Moreover unlike in developed

::These:: : step-by-step cou:ntrieS, support for R & D in thewhere Pldlippirtes mainly comes : from the

advantagesi: ..... better:i'rlileage .for our: government (i.e. (';5: percent of total....... :: : reScarchaIi:ddevei0pmerri:efforts. .... resources).i Private indust:ry support ac-

..........:: i There iS Still: gieat: rcluctarJce: to: _ely: : : : :i ...... :: ::: counts for only 15 percent. :..... _ "'""a - ' I :" :':,:_"; : ....

oi! local capabdm.es, and mid :tO buy of:pay _oyaltJeS 0n packaged : ,_,a qraah,-,;,b,,,,, : .... lnventmnsand Patents

,_ vel]ttlr! .... .... ........ "_ .... ...... .... .............. n expensive :R:&:Dt0determneltle :; : -:......... ......... t nlllppnle amuat expendii-t res for _ -," ..... .......... ..... " ............: ..... ........:::..... . .................... • : - - . ........ _ih.ei hlhpplnes has one of the ktghestl'llost appropriate tecmolog_es for local ....... : _ , . .,-, _ _, ..... " "

.... , .... _ 4. ,.., iesearcn a'nct :ctevel0Pmen*: Ux & Jo.)'number of: local inventions among Third :necos, in generat, local rnm.ls-mai :unns acuwtlCS......b[y me ptih"t:ncanoqp,_va_e"" sectols' ....:.... " " " " .... . " _ " ' " " .. ": ". World countries according to the World

....... are iiot [echn01ogically: irmovative, a_d ave a ed: P604 i{illi0n i,_ the _eriod

..... " .... " ':<g: : ' .... " _"" ll_tel:lectua.1Property Organization. Fromthe level of tectin00gical litetac? )f : 1_).78.78:_ Ttiis re._teSen.tS 0 ercent.... " ..... ....... • .... J_ .... P - 1975 to i984, a total of 727 patent,._g0vernment executives and: busJaless: e: .... : .........

....... a,. (GNP). :f0r inventions;: Iand 4;000 patents forhas yet spes_t utiliw models, were granted to local in-

to down ::........:- :'co_trict es a_ch_s....... su,ce lO54} 0.4 :pe._ccn!::ol :then :CNp: on:RTh, _ _ & D. vesto:rs. The high volume of patents on:!'":. _".:i: i::i ........ :]e:vcl: :of deve:loped 'i:l_e one hand, a_id the scientific and l

: ::: :i was over teei_:i_016gicalba.ckwardr, ess of the roan-:: : ten :PNlippines. The

that the bulk of toeal inventions are: exeeptioti :of a. very select fe.,.v;:has t)i,i:ted: cxpen: i:rv on othe:r; is explained b?, the factte,::idencY::to):el.egaiie resea,'ch for devei- simple macb:ines and devices. Many are

opment: to :_he:i academe i, yet cdmpla.in: merely improvements of already existingabout fire: irrel0var_ce of researei_ work : : simple macNnes. Thnsi: there is a dearthbeing:prod:uccd b3._these instittrtiEns; Not hi( tern:is: og ::resoorces, {tiere of %ew rove- d'l_*ls" in the form of

t0 a.llocate a sight-:'i i!__:_-'._.osproduction macl"_ineries. (Table 3 enu-

: i : me:ra'tes some localisiventio*ls).

trial pater'its, whici't Constitute the indus-,

......... :: trial teHmo]ogy in the eountg_, magn.ify..... :: :: L_ the sitt.iatiosi of: teclmological, backward-...... .?

............. g hess and dependence. : Foreigners hold•r_,..the bulk: o:f patents gra_'_tedfrom 1975

: _ to i984. of: die 1,098 paten*s granted to....... r_.. f0reignersin 1984,83 pe:rCentwere owned

co

" by the 'United states; Japan, West Ger_

_ many; Switzerlarid and the Unitedl

.....Kingdom. .........:

: : TeCiino hnports

......... ..... ................ : ......The countrY: s'pending :more:....... fo:,::Moigtur¢ :,Tie;t&.:tesi.:o,im6ist_:_':ei:Z&i.'_>l:0f the :tecDnicalS.ei:iiceso.f*he I,,dUs: : : .tectmo]ogy hnp0rts than for local R i D

Tech-........ ..,*,,.,., /_rteTi ............ ........................ .... In 1980, c0pyrigl'tt; royalties and nana e:.... ....... _,,Og,.:l_***.,,/ ..... ..... ......... g

iii :i: .... ................................ .....

pioitation of agriculture: and natural;

....resources ha:s enjoyed byfar thel Strongest: attention a_td support resulting in the

current teet'mological capabilities in agri-:

culture and mining which outstrips the .....oth.er Sectoi'S in ter,ns of t*acilities and :scientific k:nowh0w: ....... .......

o; ....

o h ....Ihe preceding assessrnent of S & T :in the agricultural sector forms the .....

basis tlie role 0f S T to adopt: ...... : the promotion of" maxinlum utilization :

: :i ol':natural: resources: in providing the;

ainounted tO U.S.$S&:44 socioieconomi;c deVelOpment: Within this : basic requirements of: the: comatry, such:million o:r:P.423.94 million. This was equi, br0ad c0nfext.::the national:S & T Plan is as matm ial and energy Jnpu s to irtdustry:valent to 65 ercent otthemnounts e t ...... Mmeovet, he developnelt o olste..... ; !'_.... " ....... i p-.n geared: t0wards :[he folloWing objectives: " ' -: ..... _ - .... :

: for:10cai R:& Din tliat,,ear Tl:i,_ee,,,,_,,,,,_ ....... ...... ..... high-yieldlng hybrids, arid the full use of.... _ j ................ 1 .......O tlmulll tltlhzatxon'"" '" of the......natl¢"m's:additiona : U S $:14s 57 million or: i_i 1 ...... P ..... locally available inputs, such as nutrients

......... ..... ': "! ..... : " : : :::na_n:fal; lmman :and:rnanqnade re; • _ ..... ' ,:billioi_ :of profits; earnings and dividends ....... _ : pestJmdes, etc. is now possH_le. Another. ......, . ..... sources to aecelerate SOClO-eeonornlc . - ; ....}remitted m::1980; and another U:S.: $1_79 ..... owtli ...... complement to tlus role lsthe lull mlple-billio:fil :;biiiionl Spen on iin.;i : dispersal and ;

.......:notted Cal_it:al:,m0ds ........... : ....... -_ * :....... :: ........ _ : uti ization pr0grams by encouraging 'naxb.... v t _ a: 2 lrarlster ana:aCqusmon ot approo ':....... :: : t-h" ,-...... mum participation concernea

Technology importation lias Vari0us pondifig adaptafioi{S to fit well into sectors, Lastly; S & Wwill have tO sustain; imP!iCati°ns:: :ion tlie development :Of: loCal:eondifi0nSl ...... : manpower and ms!m:mol_al ;resource :

:scienee:i:::and:technology :in tlie c0ul_try. : i :i ........ development programs to ensure im-iI and proved capabilitieS Fo,{:aVailable S & T: ;

i usuaiiy:iesuhs:in tl_e purchase of specific ..........: tectmological requirement of the i: serviceSat alllevels: ...........

foil:which tliey:wete::de: producti0nsect0tsiiaimedat achier{ : .... : ; i:i :: :i :signed, :usually from : tlie :c0untrY:: of: ing bala_}cedagro}indus_rialdevelo p- i

origin The :deal extends to:tlie pm,eiiase mcnt; : i This emphasi*es die:need iz_ra strong ......

of sp:ate partsland suppli:es: fr0m ttie:: : g; i:i;" : ; : network of R:&: ex:....... ....... ........ " .... ........ _ S'trengmem 3g: me research ana tension units in acCordar3ee with national

: suppliers or l_s asso¢ ares; Tlie:: lieavy ......... : .... , .... 2 neh.,_rk s.... ...... " : ; develop,, .... :t K,,,::,-,y ,.w,, - ; development guides to support the na_: : importation: or capital gooctS diScourages ......

l_ea:vy usablel tional agricultural program, Full sectoraltechnologies thrOUgi{o:utthe coun-participation of: ail c0nceri_ed, and gene: : ....

..... try; and: : ratio_l of: resources i:e:; financial, man: :: .... : powerl and infrastructure capab.ilitiesicss R & D:since t: is :easier and faSter ; :& Acceleration :of: manpower and shouldalso be intensified: In as much asto import tlia:n innovate locally:: land productivity Pliilippines re_

:: : : 6f sCiefic:e::andtechno-presents on!ya f0m'th o_ihat in the more

i : :::i : : :: : : ::;i:::: ;: :iogy;: specifically :::ito strengthen agriculturally_el'ficient C0untries st,chTaiwam to :be done

infrastn:ic;ttlrei::A Clialienge for: : : :i :: : to utilize S effe:ciively in order to...... :: ii :{:obe:::developedshall develop tecimiques; hybrids/varieties and l

:...... : a ; basic :: inputs Suited'to1ocalCondilions. Furiher:....... : :the Ultimai:e:aim :seCtors. The : more, irnport dependence:on such. impor:

scien:ce and tleClin0iogv: is to:upllf_i i :i are:translated mto l taut items as fertilizer and animal feed;:tlieWelfa_:e:oFth:e:g,'eater niaSses:of out: i: c0ii:c:rete:ta:rgeL_:at:fouri::seCtoral levels;: agricultural Chemicals, pharmaceuticals,

:i: i people use of: i iname!y;:::agricu!ture:,:industry and energy; etc- should be reduced: whenever local i: i: techn0i0gy as the most valuable toot for i:: :healtii and:the basic:Sciei_eeS: : substitutes are available: i

givefi:[: equip:m:erlt:i]: [ : ] ::: : : : :: : : : :: ......:

: i: i:ae ilei:Y: :a:n spare parts :3rficUl:afly ::: : d tist,>iallzation: SlI0[i]d :also e 0r e cq uiL :: : ]]. i SLIP11}:{)_ {] : _:]i _S ii__l US]t _:ia i : Scheme

stated to local app icatlons cou d be t_b y dst buled t: 0u,is the d s_e s ....:" ,_:!!-!.= ! g:-,I- : i e:eomponent: p_odtieec :lOca ie:::be_e:ts :0'::in::: o _dt,st ieswl3e.leVerr_6:sSible ..... : ..- ,._ _ : _,. ,r ,...... ".', _-'dqs'- " a:d

..... ' ..... " ........ .... ! _ IO} LI/G 0 G_L, I }3D:III _tt ._.l/k k. ,_ t

....: contribute [to the courltry*s economic growth by

anct in:_{creasing pr0ductiVity_ Among 0fhei-in-

puts_ tEis assures tile: international Com_

in9:: :: L.aguno:::: ..... petil:iveness o[ t:he Philippine: h3dustry

.......... If: I [ : I g::Frame :::: ii: ....... .... ........ and energy secl{ors. .....

::Essentia ctor : : T:ii S 'iS;:0r::,l:_.i,i: ilti_trYandExpeller: : : l)producing:

:5: : ::: _',_'c,,eeds::...... :_ .... .... :: ::: : : ....................... : : (e a food::: c o h :g,: s{elter power md

6:: Broiler :lank::: ........ ilOcOS Notre :: ...... , _ . _ _ -- ' ; I....... : : ..... i rcmctmg sdl<ehal3ce thru

...... : : : se ectve m3o't subsi: {u iIio1'1 _ ')..... ..... ........ ...... .... ....... ........... , [ .......... . -. I.

: :8: : :::: : : : : O : Ill' tJl:(:"0_ --0J'_I'}"....L"_C ] ''[[i_0e. ,,:[-r,iI]g,_,t] 'OL gl], .....

......... : : ........:: : :: oF: nort:4radilional:manufac-................. ...... ..... ......... tLl "ed ao0ds and agro- :asecl commodit es

:iO : .... : .....I : .... .... .... o ":7:: ......... : ....... : : andmaximizin evalue-addedl0theextenl

::iii:: : :: ! : ::SOap. M iXel" : :i::: ::: : i: :: i : :: : i i : :i:M ind 0 rO [ :i: : : It)a sible: 4) ha rne ssi:,:g the development in:: : :::12 ::::::::::::::::::::: : ......: : high:techf30logy areas {It.%g.bioleclI!nology :

13i:::::M:_rSm:m:ll0w M01der::::: : ::: MindorO : ::::::: : : c]flmnce pro:

::::::::::::::::::::::::: Thresher:::: :::::: :::: :Neg ms O ccid en_i : up:, g: :dxng the capabihtv to abso:b adapt: : :Z_mboanguita Ceramic : : : I ": " II I: .... I' I I I I ' : ]

and imprOve on imported: technology

thr0ugh developmental R: _!3; (:} estab LIs ing:a3 3t?l_maii0rt[:S:ysleni f0i_:con:

iinuous international _ ,_ {)If tech:

nologies fort local adaptationi and 7)_

::::::::::::>::i<i:i:::?,:/::::::::/::::;i:_i::[::::::;:_i:(::::i//::/:::,:::::/_i:i::_i::9i:i:::i:[:::i:::::L::::::::.::,:::::;:/:::,..,::/:,:(:::::::/T:::/:(:!/::i)i(i:(::::71_/:i::::!::L:i::...............:

ins_tans ::::and:' _rqiects comp]emel,_ o

0] ,-

:

: h'l a: ,: ide: i o i:: c_rdioi: _: :vaSeiiiar: imd: :6_ii_r: desen c.ratire diseasesl ....

ofpoo_:_nvitoii_:: : ..... : : :] 4ietwi_ ] :::] : : .... : : .... : ] :.... of mainntri_ioi_ a_4 ia I _6 tiia ..... ::of:nanpower shotld areas......... : , - PJC 1:P "t " ........... :..... ' ...... ' : "....

.... ................ e,.;:.:; ..... ., ........l.e_ ere: Also ,o attain progress in tie ....... ]) selected researc_ aid m_'lpo\ve"growtn :lrtts is oecause eirecl'rve flea : ' : " " " ....

..... deity6}' :: is: ham:_e ed:b 4 neouitabie f,onti:ers 0:f:science:reqtii-:eg a welI devel- developn;ient in the a:rcas:of biochemi>..... 1 y d. " ...... ....... ....... ..... . ,..... , a/_ ;_,_,;,_;,,,,_,i Oped scientific _mdtcchnOlogicaI intra> .... try moleCUlar: b:o o_Y mlmunoio<.v anddlstnbutmn of he_ ...... na.u..w_' a,,ct .... ........ :..... - .. : .. _. ! e. .....i: "aCiiiii6S:and:im :tea:finariciaresoU =c_S ,iruC{tife_i:wllieh:::isUSUally Weak Or non .... toxicology::::2)i:esearcb 0i_ new bioIovical : :

:: : : : e.xisieii{ Co:u:n:tries. phenomena : tO boost: agi'icultural andi: :Foi: :the lieal[h see'0" t_e :tlimSt 0: ..... forest rod_ C:tivity T) contiru ous.... .... . ...... .... ..... ...... p , ....... .....S &:T:::isltO:generateland !Or adopt apprOa: i :i FOi! basic: SeienCes_,herei0i:el; tlie more : i sean:::and : selected man: ::

: :power (leveiopmefit: 1]igll]tech: :: l:esear:ch::fl_i:t:enph_sizes:the devei0pm:eiit : Wouk :: 3oog9 i-caB lis_ec in(:):,4) rese;_'ch on :

:::0[ dh_gnostie:tedmiques, patameters ai_d fntei.:iia:{{i:0rialdevelop: : effective mechanismsl t6 improve disse:: :

}:'¢ ........ _" at_i : selected research and :eoncem::is the development_ prod:tlctioil: tUl{ed::to ii_{efnati0nal confere:nces, meet- men, in tl_eoretical:plLvsics Chemistry

indigefi:00s i:m6sia AS basic science s t _e and mathematics wi:tl] apiSlica,i:0n pOssi2 1...... , ' ......... : c,,: .Y •• .resources a_3d the lmprove3_ent ol the 11 l 3 3..... ............... ..................... :'......... :fol. i(iiti0 c:f app]ied::science, capakilitv bilifies relevant t0 localneeds2 1 1 i i

t<v :: i:n0::iip ::: i ConcluSion i:: :

i :fi.ieastil:es:for assessing tl_e_i_ealtlL:nu:trih : absence :0[:sciew.ific :iieademies, Whicli i i i:i :

onid::a statu s oj:i We have lip se,'vice _o thepeople::is als0irnp0rtan*: : : priv_i{e: fbmldaii0ils::::in: deveh:_ped cou> : vital role science and I'echnologv plays irl :

:: i: i i: leaders of the our national i growfh;BaSiC Sciences:::i i ::::::i: ae:-ide:me:Sti0uki:: be conS{ai:,tly updated : wMle : in {l_e intt Sir _1zed cot m'ies :

: ....... .......... ..... : 6ii::tl{e:::stiitus :of:::the basic sc ences ..... ,.,.,,,,,.2_o _n ,iq o ..... ,, .i.,o _,,........... ,

:t,ebasie: sciences emphag pa!TticUlarly 0nl th.eii::resPeCtive fields S i11; there is _o sense :in try 3g o c_tc i:i::: si:zes:)ih:eCfe:ati0n::oflnew kn0wtedge:oi.-:al tlaaf::they: C0uld: impart: these to students up with ti_e :achievemems of developed

: :and:p}actiti0iiers : science an:d teclmoloav

pel_,0_s : 7hu_;the _:og_c_optS:o,_sio m_ke_,se:: :: :expefi:mental::part::oI.:: basic)l:e:scarcl,;: : : or what We : adopting' i: :

' ii'e: tiii_ xsic _nd ada /big' as we SCent technoIogy.... I [ ,_ .... .... .... ,..... .:: .......... , .......... p.._ ............:: sciences;:: ge:nerally:: tends ti} :be:i qtiite : scieni:ific ::activities in: the: Philippines that is relevarit to otir needs,

..... i :i: Science and :techr*0]ogy must therc:i i

fore be accorded immediate priority: I:Iirl ,iational devek)pment u _dertal,:ilnc_s.q

h7. Amidst the upheavals and hesitar_ce to :

o pursueiaggi:essive R & Din science and::: : iia.= tech30iogv t3eSe Foundations will un-

: dOubted y e:ri Ure i )nly because addl .....O ...... *_ a •o vances m science anu teCimology have

coii3e:::t.o I Symbolize human progress:

_o it,selL : i

J;(:i':;ili:C:i(':/:/i(!i};/:/i/:!/:/://}::: i::,:(::(!i:i:/ili!:::U::7)://::i(: ii:::::(7¸:/:!::(://)//:( /:::::::(::/::i::::)̧ ¸i:'/:/i "! i iii _ i : i _ : i _ k_ i -_,: -

DEVEL()PMENTRESE ...."ICHNEWS, ':NO :MBER-DECEMBER1987

UPDATE: HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND ITSIMPLICATIONS ON RURAL POVER-

NEWPUBUCATIONS - .Staff Paper Series No_ 87-05 , _'_Nw

by Edna A. ReyesResearch Fellow

Philippine Institute forDevelopment Studies

This paper presents the structure of

rural household income in the Philip-

pines over a period of time. It also iden- The Philippine Institute for Develop-titles changes in the structure which ment Studies (PIDS), together with theaffect rural household income. A study United States' Agency for I_n__term.a_tional

of these changes can pinpoint government Development (U.S.A.I.D.) is conducting aactions and policies to improve the series oI eoIIaboratwe researches on

welfare of the rural poor. A significant Project Development and.Support: Em-finding in the study is the extent of non- ployment and Employment Impactingfarm employment opportunities, and its Policy Studies. The objective of this

SUMMARIES OF COMPLETED AND effect on the structure of rural household research program is to address the devel-

ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS, incomes. The data used in this study opment policy analysis and implementa-1979 - 1985 (VOLUME II) come from surveys conducted in Atbay, tion needs of the Philippine government

Camarines Sur and Sorsogon, the three as it relates to employment generation, amost populous provinces in the Bicol The first two papers in a.series of researchl

This volmne summarizes the objectives, region.major findings and policy recommend- programs are as follows:

s,ations of the completed and ongoing re- 1. Employment Impact of Selected

search projects of the Philippine Institute .Results of the study show a decline Macroeconomie Pofieies in the Philip-for Development Studies (P[DS)between in farm income with the shift of workers pines

1979 and 1985. Through this publication, from farm to non-farm activities. More- Rosario G_Man.asan •the Institute hopes to contribute to the over, labor transfer to non-farm activities Research Fellow

limited number of policy-oriented mate- was accompanied by unfavorable changes Philippine Institute forria'ls aimed at providing comprehensive in farm productivity. With the significance Development Studiesinformation to policy-makers, planners, of non-farm sources of income to rural in-researchers, students of development, and comes over the five-year period, a good This study is carried out in the contextthose who are interested in P]dlippine policy move would be to encourage the of a growing need for policy options tosocio-economic development, growth of non-farm activities. However, minimize the adverse effects of the

The research projects covers wide- this policy should also include efforts stabilization and structural adjustmentranging areas that include Employment to improve productivity in the farms, policies on emp.toyment.Human Resource Development and Tech- by way of developing the labor force The current econotnic crisis in thenology; Resource Mobilization; Trade and infrastrhcture facilities, among others. Philippines has led to a series of policiesExpansion, Poverty, Income and Wealth An important input to the policy should designed for short-run stabilization asDistribution; and Regional, Urban and ,- be credit accessibility to a large number well as long-run structural adjustment.Rural Development. ofpeople_ Currently, the policymakers' major con-

cern is how to achieve external balance

while maintaining price stability through

changes.in rnacroeconomic policies, pro-

duction structures, and internationaltrade and distribution.

In particular, the study reviews the_ I

._'_-"I" _ _ Community Employment Development

Program (CEDP), the Tariff ReformProgram (TRP), the Trade LiberalizationProgram, the retbrm of the industrial

incentives legislation, and the productionincentives policy.

8 l III III I I

DEVEL()PMENTRESE, ',CHNEWS NO' MBER-DECEMBER1987

Analysis of Public Sector Expenditures,"covering the ten-year period from 1975to 1985. This semhaar is the second

in a series to present the findhags of agroup of studies conducted by i3:..RosarioG. Manasan, Research Fellow of PIDS,and principal investigator of the research.

Ms. Emilia Boncodin, Director of the

Fiscal Planning Staff at the Department ofBudget and Management (DBM), and Dr.Felipe Medulla of the University of thePhilippines' School of Economics, were

invited to comment on the study. Forher part, Ms. Boncodin reiterated the

need to look into the degree of flexibi-lity available in expenditure program-ming, and the DBM's plan to push for a

stronger link between planning, moni-toring and implementation of new pro-

-,_ EMINARS jects. She also emphasized the importance2. Employment, Productivity and Wages of determining the beneficiaries ofin thePhilippineLaborMarket government expenditnres. Dr. Medalla,

I___] on the other hand, pointed out that con-

solidation of pnblic expenditures was• crucial in determining the trend of ex-

EdnaA. Reyes penditures for the sector. Moreover,Research ]_lh'o_,v a major reaction in tlle succeeding openPhilipl)inelnstiutt'efor forum pointed to the need to separate

Del)elopment Studies government corporations' expendituresfrom that of local government agencies'

This paper aims to present in a cohc- FINANCING PUBLIC SECTOR EX- in the "Total Public Sector Expenditures"

rent systematic maturer the Philippine PENDITURE IN THE PHILIPPINES, item.labor market condition, in terms of 1975-1985

employment, unemployment and under- The seminar was attended by represen-employment, wages m_d productivity and tatives fi'om the academe, Departmentits related issues. Historical data are A follow-up seminar on "Financing of Budget and Management (DBM),presented to reflect the economic con- Public Sector Expenditure in the Philip- Department o[" Finance, Central Bank,ditions and the policy environment which pines" was held last November 11. 1987 National Tax Research Center (NTRC),characterized the period under study at the Operatiolls Room of NEDA sa National Economic and Developnlentstarting in the 1960s. It hopes to analyze Makati Building. Sponsored by the Philip- Authority (NEDA). Bureau of lntcrnalthe factors behind the structure ofenrploy- pine Institute for Development Studies Revenue, and 'the Philippine Institutement as well as the changing trends ill (PIDS), the seminar focused on "The for Development Studies (PIDS).productivity and wages.

FORTHCOMING SEMINARS

This study draws its data mainly from I. SEMINAR ON THE EFFECT OF AN EXCHANGE RATE DEVALUATION ONthe Integrated Survey of Households A SMALL OPEN ECONOMY WITH AN EXTERNAL DEBT OVERHANG(ISH) series conducted by the NalionalCensus and Statistics O:ffice (NCSO). Date: 5 Eeb,'uary 1988

Venue: Room 211, NEDA sa Makati Bldg.Furthermore, basic data for the produc- Sponsor: PIDS

_tivity estimates come from the national

accounts and other NCSO publications. 2. POLICY CONFERENCE ON UPLAND RESOURCESFinally, data on wages are provided by Date: 1.4March 1988the ISH and NCSO, with some supple-

Venue: Operations Room, NEDA sa Makati Bldg.mentary survey data.Sponsors: PIDS and D.ENR

.................

DEVELOPMENTRESE CHNEWS NO' MBER-DECEMBER1987

PIDSPUBLICATIONSAVAILABLE

Monographs SURVEY OF PHILIPPINE SHADOW PRICES OF GOODS AND

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH II RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES:

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE 1980 308 pages AN ASSESSMENTPHILIPPINE ALCOGAS AND Erlinda M. Medalla

COCO-DIESEL PROGRAMS SUMMARIES OF COMPLETED 1982 18 pagesArmando Armas and Dennis RESEARCH PROJECTS, VOL. 1

Joyce Cryde 1982 100 pages EXCHANGE RATE FLEXIBILITY

1984 92 pages INTEGRATION, PARTICIPATION AND INTERVENTION POLICY INTHE PHILIPPINES, 1973-1981AND EFFECTIVENESS: AN

A SURVEY OF MATERIALS IN ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATIONS Filologo Pante, Jr.1983 48 pagesINTRODUCTORY ECONOMIC AND EFFECTS OF FIVE RURAL

EDUCATION HEALTH DELIVERY MECHANISMS ON THE USE OF THE DRCGerardo P. S/cat Ledivina Car,iSo and Associates CRITERION IN SELECTING

1984 47 pages 1982 268 pages PROJECTSErlinda M. MedaJla

MODELLING THE IMPACT OF THE SPATIAL AND URBAN 1983 9 pagesSMALL FARM MECHANIZATION DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT(a co-publication with the International IN THE PHILIPPINES MONETARY AGGREGATES ANDRice Research institute) Ernesto Pernia, Cayetano W. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

1985 104 pages Paderanga, Victorina Hermoso Mar[o B. Lamberteand Associates 1983 93 pages

PHILIPPINE POOR: AN 1983 345 pages EFFECTIVE PROTECTION RATESANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND INTERNAL INDIRECT TAXES

ECONOMIC POLICIES FOR FOREST1970-1983 IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING(a co-publication with the Institute RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Rosario G. Manasan

of Philippine Culture) (Summary of the Papers and Proceedings 1983 26 pagesof the Workshop)1985 221 pages

Edited by Wil'frido Cruz RESPONSE TO BALANCE OF

1985 40 pages PAYMENTS CRISIS IN THE 1970s,PUBLIC POLICY AND THE

PHILIPPINE HOUSING MARKET KOREA AND THE PHILIPPINESECONOMIC RECOVERY AND LONG- John H. PowerEdna Angeles-ReyesRUN GROWTH: AGENDA FOR 1983 44 pages1985 89 pagesREFORMS, VOLUME I (Main Report, A STUDY OF PHILIPPINE REALMay 1986) PROPERTY TAXATION

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN Fiorian A. Alburo, et al. Cayetano W. Paderanga, Jr.PHILIPPINE MANUFACTURING: 1986 206 pagesRETROSPECT AND FUTURE 1984 50 pages

PROSPECTS AN ANALYSIS OF THE INSTITU- PUBLIC ENTERPRISE IN THERichard Hooley TIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PHILIPPINES IN 1982: A

1985 128 pages PHILIPPINE SHORT-TERM DEFINITIONAL AND TAXONOMICALFINANCIAL MARKETS EXERCISE

FORECASTING MONTHLY Victoria S. Licuanan Rosario G. Manasan

INFLATION IN THE PHILIPPINES 1986 215 pages 1984. 77 pagesRoberto S. Mar/anD

ESTIMATING THE SHADOW

1985 88 pages AGENDA FOR ACTION FOR THE EXCHANGE RATE, THE SHADOWPHILIPPINE RURAL SECTOR WAGE RATE AND THE SOCIAL

A HISTORICAL AND CURRENT (Main Report) RATE OF DISCOUNT FOR THEPERSPECTIVE OF PHILIPPINE Agricultural Policy and Strategy PHILIPPINESECONOMIC PROBLEMS Team Erlinda M. Medalia

Gerardo P. Sicat 1986 4.54 pages 1984 60 pages

1986 42 pages DEVELOPMENT FINANCE ANDSUMMARIES OF COMPLETED AND STATE BANKING: A SURVEY OFONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS, EXPERIENCE

Specia/Publications 1979-1985 VO L. I I Edita A. Tan

INDUSTRIAL PROMOTION 1987 1 66 pages 1984 114 pages

POLICIES IN THE PHILIPPINES MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF

Romeo Bautista, John Power S[affPapers DEVALUATION ON PRICES,and Associates OUTPUT AND THE TRADE1979 429 pages CREDIT AND PRICE POLICIES IN BALANCE: THE PHILIPPINE

PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE EXPERIENCESURVEY OF PHILIPPINE Cristina C. David Ma. Cecilia Gonzales

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH I 1982 25 pages 1984 60 pages

10 III IIIIIII II III I

t

THE DEVELOPMENT BANK OF REVENUE PERFORMANCE OF FOREST LAND MANAGEMENT INTHE PHILIPPINES AND THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TAXES, THE CONTEXT OF NATIONALFINANCIAl. CRISIS, A 1975-1965 LAND USE

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS Rosario G. Manasan and Adolfo V. Revilia, Jr.

Mario B. Lamberte Rosario G. Querubin 1984 24 pages1984 29 pages 1987 57 pages

POLICY ISSUES ON COMMERCIALTHE PROTECTION STRUCTURE, RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS: FOREST MANAGEMENTRESOURCE FLOWS AND THE A REVIEW OF LITERATURE Cerenilla A, Cruz and

CAPITAL-LABOR RATIO IN Mario B_ Lamber're and Joseph Lira Marian Segura-de los AngelesPHILIPPINE MANUFACTURING: 1987 298 pages 1984 4,7 pagesA SHORT EMPIRICAL NOTE

Erlinda M, Medalla RESIDENTIAL DEMAND FOR1985 10 pages ELECTRICITY AND PRICING THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT

POLICY IMPLICATIONS IN A POLICIES ON FOREST RESOURCESA DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPING ECONOMY: THE UTILIZATIONPHILIPPINE EXPORT AND IMPORT CASE OF THE PHILIPPINES Gerald C. Nelson

PERFORMANCE, 1974-1962 Clodualdo R. Francisco 1984 19 pagesPonciano S, Intal, Jr. 1987 42 pages

1985 23 pages POPULATION PRESSURE,THE CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MIGRATION AND MARKETS:MODEL WITH NON-HOMOGENOUS IMPLICATIONS FOR UPLANDPHILIPPINE EXPORT AND TERMS

OF TRADE INSTABILITY, 1965-1962 EXPECTATIONS: THEORY AND DEVELOPMENTPonciano S, Intal, Jr. EVIDENCE ON SYSTEMATIC Ma. Concepcion Cruz

RISKS TO THE BETA 1984 73 pages1985 22 pagesClodualdo R. Francisco

METHODOLOGY FOR MEASURING 1987 57 pages TENURE, TECHNOLOGY ANDPROTECTION AND COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRO-ADVANTAGE THE STRUCTURE OF RURAL FORESTRY SCHEMESErlinda M. Medalla and HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND Ana Doris Capistrano andJohn H. Power ITS IMPLICATIONS ON RURAL Sam Fujisaka

1985 23 pages POVERTY IN BICOL, PHILIPPINES 1984 64 pagesEdna Angeles-Roves

THE RURAL BANKING SYSTEM: 1987 30 pages ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OFNEED FOR REFORMS WATERSHED MODIFICATIONSMario B. Lamberte Wilfredo P. David

1985 24 pages Working Papers 1984 45 pages

SOCIAL ADEQUACY AND ECONOMIC POLICIES AND MANAGEMENT AND COST OFECONOMIC EFFECTS OF SOCIAL PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE WATERSHED REFORESTATION:SECURITY: THE PHILIPPINE CASE Cristina C. David THE PANTABANGAN AND MAGATMario B. Lamberte 1983 99 pages Jose A. Ga]vez

1985 109 pages CHANGING COMPARATIVE 1984 30 pagesADVANTAGE IN PHILIPPINE

IMPACT OF BOI INCENTIVES ON RICE PRODUCTION A REVIEW OF WELFARE IN THERATE OF RETURN, FACTOR PRICES Laurian J. Unnevehr and COCONUT INDUSTRYAND RELATIVE FACTOR USE: A Arsenio M. Balisacan Sylvia N. Guerrero

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF 1983 33 pages 1985 140 pagesINCENTIVES UNDER THE OMNIBUS

INVESTMENTS CODE OF 1981 THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT FINANCING THE BUDGET DEFICIT(P.D. 1789) AND THE INVESTMENT POLICIES ON PHILIPPINE SUGAR IN THE PHILIPPINESINCENTIVE POLICY ACT (B.P. 391) Gerald Nelson and Eli M. Remolona

Rosario G. Manasan Mercedita Agcaoili 1985 54 pages1986 46 pages 1983 37 pages

FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOICEFINANCIAL REFORMS AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND OF LOCATION: A SURVEY OFBALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS CRISIS: GOVERNMENT PRICE INTER- FOREIGN AND LOCAL FIRMS INTHE CASE OF THE PHILIPPINES VENTION POLICIES IN FORESTRY THE PHILIPPINES

Eli Remolona and Mario B. Lamberte John H, Power and Teresita Tumaneng Alejandro N. Herrin and1986 56 pages 1983 57 pages Ernesto M. Pernia

1986 59 pagesA MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMICOF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN THE POLIClESAFFECTINGTHEPHILIPPINE MACROECONOMICADJUSTMENT INPHILIPPINES, 1975-1984 COCONUT INDUSTRY THE PHILIPPINES: 1963-65

Rosario G. Manasan Ramon Clarete and J. Roumasset Manuel F. Montes

1987 63 pages 1983 66 pages 1987 75 pages

I I III IIIII III II II I I MI I I 1 1

DEVEL()PMENT RESE; ,CH NEWS NO', .MBER-DECEMBER 198:7

COSTS OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES AND INTEGRATED SI_IMMARY REPORT:IN THE PHILIPPINES: THE SHORT- AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN THE POPULATION PRESSURE ANDRUN EFFECTS OF INTEREST RATE PHILIPPINES 195E;-1980 MIGRATION -- IMPLICATIONSDEREGULATION Manuel S.J. de Leon FOR UPLAND DEVELOPMENTIrma C. Corales and Carlos E. Cuevas 1983 48 pages Ma_Concepcion J, Cruz

1987 56 pages 1986 56 pagesECONOMIC INCENTIVES AND

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINECAN THE INFORMAL LENDERS BETHE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT (Semestral Journal)CO-OPTED INTO GOVERNMENTLiborio S. Cabanilla Vol. VIII (1981)

CREDIT PROGRAMS? 1983 50 pages Vol. IX (1982)Emmanuel F. Esguerra Vol, X (1983)1987 25 pages INTERSECTORAL CAPITAL FLOWS Vol. XI (1984)

AND BALANCED AGRO-INDUSTRIAL Vol_ Xll (1985)DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES Vol. Xlll (1986)COMPARATIVE BANK STUDY: AManuel S.J. de Leon Vol. XlV (1987)BACKGROUND PAPER1984 32 pagesMario B. Lamberte

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH NEWS1987 67 pages

WORKSHOP PAPERS ON "THE Vol. I (1983)

AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC SECTOR CONSEQUENCES OF SMALL RICE Vol. II (1984)EXPENDITURES, 1975-1985 FARM MECHANIZATION IN THE Vol, III (1985)

PHILIPPINES" Vol. IV (1986)Rosario G. Manasan

1984 433 pages Vol. V (1987)1987 81 pages

STUDIESONTHEWOOD-BASED IN OUR NEXT ISSUE...FURNITURE,LEATHERPRODUCTS

AND FOOTWEARMANUFACTURING The fourth batch of studies under the DRN Clearinghouse Project willINDUSTRIESINTHEPHILIPPINESNiceto Poblador, Adriano Soils, appear in the January-February 1988 issue of the DRN. Tire Clearinghouse,Roy Yba_ezand BienvenidoAragon Project features a list of completed, on going and pipeline research

1983 286 pages projects of various institutions. Our network of agencies covers private

and government entities as well as local and international research institu-tions.

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH NEWS is a bi-monthly publication of the PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOP-MENT STUDIES (PIDS). It highlights findings and recommendations culled from PIDS_sponsored research or relatedstudies done by other institutions. PIDS seminars, publications, and ongoing and forthcoming projects which are of

interest to policy-makers, planners, administrators, and researchers are also announced.

PIDS is a nonstock and nonprofit government research institution engaged in long-term policy-oriented research. This

publication is part of tile Institute's program to disseminate information in order to promote the utilization of researchfindings.

The views and opinions published here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute. In-

quiries regarding any of the studies contained in this publication, or any of the PIDS papers, as well as any suggestionsor comments on the publications are welcome. Please address all related correspondence or inquiries to:

RESEARCH INFORMATION STAFF (RIS)PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (PIDS)

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MAKATI 1200, METRO MANILA

Re-entered as second class mail at the Makati Central Post Office o11 April 27, 1987. Private l]rms and individuals

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2 ......