np31 china sea pilot vol ii

8/11/2019 NP31 China Sea Pilot Vol II

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NP 31

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

The table below is to record Section IV Notice to Mariners amendments affecting this volume.

Sub paragraph numbers in the margin of the body of the book are to assist the user when making amendments to this volume.

Weekly Notices to Mariners (Section IV)

2004 2005 2006 2007

IMPORTANT SEE RELATED ADMIRALTY PUBLICATIONS

This is one of a series of publications produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office which should be consulted by users of

Admiralty Charts. The full list of such publications is as follows:

Notices to Mariners (Annual, permanent, temporary and preliminary), Chart 5011 (Symbols and abbreviations), The MarinersHandbook (especially Chapters 1 and 2 for important information on the use of UKHO products, their accuracy and limitations),Sailing Directions (Pilots), List of Lights and Fog Signals, List of Radio Signals, Tide Tables and their digital equivalents.

All charts and publications should be kept up to date with the latest amendments.

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NP 31

CHINA SEA PILOT

VOLUME II

The north-western coast of Borneo, the Philippine Islands from

Cape Buliluyan in Palawan to Cape Bojeador in Luzon, and the islands and

dangers in the southern and eastern parts of the South China Sea

SEVENTH EDITION

2004

PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE

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ii

Crown Copyright 2004

To be obtained from Agents for the sale of

Admiralty Charts and Publications

Copyright for some of the material in

this publication is owned by the authority

named under the item and permission for its

reproduction must be obtained from the owner.

Area formerly covered by:

China Sea Directory Vol. II First edition 1868. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second Edition 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third Edition 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth Edition 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth Edition 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

China Sea Pilot Vol. IV First Edition 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second Edition 1923. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

China Sea Pilot Vol. II First Edition 1936. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Second Edition 1950. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Third Edition 1961. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fourth Edition 1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fifth Edition 1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sixth Edition 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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iii

PREFACE

The Seventh Edition of the China Sea Pilot Volume II has been prepared by Captain D.J. Conway, Master Mariner, and Lieutenant

Commander J.E.J. Marshall, Royal Navy, and contains the latest information received in the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to the

date given below.

This edition supersedes the Sixth Edition (2001), which is cancelled.

Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided by the Meteorological Office, Exeter.

The following sources of information, other than UKHO publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:

British

Fairplay Ports Guide 20032004.

Lloyds Maritime Guide 20032004.

Lloyds Port Callings 2002.

Lloyds Ports of the World 2004.

The Statesmans Yearbook 2004.

Whitakers Almanack 2004.

French

French Sailing Directions Volume K7, 1995.

Philippine

Philippine Coast Pilot, Sixth Edition, 1995.

United States

United States Publication 161 Sailing Directions, South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand, Eighth Edition, 2002.

United States Publication 162 Sailing Directions, Philippine Islands, Fifth Edition, 2001.

United States Publication 163 Sailing Directions, Borneo, etc., Eighth Edition, 2002.

Dr D W Williams

United Kingdom National Hydrographer

The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office

Admiralty Way

Taunton

Somerset TA1 2DN

England

18th March 2004

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iv

PREFACE

to the Fifth edition (1998)

The Fifth Edition of the China Sea Pilot, Vol II , has been compiled by Captain J. B. Wilson RD* MRIN MNI Master Mariner and Captain

P .R. R. Warburton Master Mariner, and contains the latest information received in the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to the dategiven below.

This edition supersedes the Fourth Edition (1975) (Revised 1982) and Supplement No 6 (1994), which are cancelled.

Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided by the Meteorological Office, Bracknell.

The following sources of information, other than United Kingdom Hydrographic Office publications and Ministry of Defence papers,

have been consulted:

British

Lloyds Maritime Guide 1997.

Lloyds Ports of the World 1998.

Lloyds Shipping Information Services.The Statesmans Yearbook 199798.

Whitakers Almanack 1998.

French

French Sailing Directions Volume K7, 1995.

Indonesian

Indonesian Sailing Directions Volume I, Second Edition, 1986.

Philippine

Philippine Coast Pilot, Sixth Edition, 1995.

United States

United States Publication 162 Sailing Directions, Philippine Islands, Fourth Edition, 1996United States Publication 163 Sailing Directions, Borneo, etc., Sixth Edition, 1993

J.P. CLARKE CB LVO MBE

Rear Admiral

Hydrographer of the Navy

The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office

Admiralty Way

TauntonSomerset TA1 2DN

England

16 April, 1998

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v

CONTENTSPages

Preface iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preface to the Fifth Edition (1998) iv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contents v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Explanatory notes vii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abbreviations ix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Glossaries xi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Index chartlets xv and xvi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 1

Navigation and regulations

Limits of the book (1.1) 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Navigational dangers and hazards (1.2) 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Traffic and operations (1.12) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Charts (1.25) 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Navigational aids (1.34) 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pilotage (1.44) 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Radio facilities (1.52) 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Regulations (1.66) 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Signals (1.92) 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Distress and rescue (1.106) 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Piracy (1.111) 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Countries and ports

Borneo (1.113) 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Indonesia (1.117) 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malaysia (1.127) 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sarawak (1.134) 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sabah (1.144) 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brunei Darussalam (1.153) 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Philippines (1.162) 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Principal ports, harbours and anchorages (1.174) 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Port services summary (1.175) 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Natural conditions

General information (1.180) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maritime topography (1.182) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Currents, tidal streams and flow (1.185) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sea level and tides (1.191) 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sea and swell (1.194) 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sea water characteristics (1.198) 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Climate and weather (1.201) 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Climatic tables (1.225) 39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meteorological conversion table and scales (1.241) 56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 2

Routes from Singapore to Hong Kong for low-powered vessels, and the offshore dangers including Dangerous Ground and offshore

reefs and banks south of, and north of Dangerous Ground between Sarawak and the west coast of Luzon 59. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 3

From Singapore Strait to the north-west coast of Borneo, including Kepulauan Natuna and the west coast of Kalimantan (Indonesian

Borneo) between Sungai Besar and Tanjung Datu 73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 4

North-west coast of Borneo from Tanjung Datu to Tanjung Baram 87. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 5

North-west coast of Borneo from Tanjung Baram to Tanjung Toulak including Pulau Labuan and Brunei Bay 119. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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CHAPTER 6

North-west coast of Borneo from Tanjung Toulak to Pulau Kalampunian and the outer approaches to Balabac Strait and

North Balabac Strait 141. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 7

Palawan Passage, the west coast of Palawan including the Inner Route, and from Libro Point to Cape Calavite. 157. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 8

From Cape Calavite to Cochinos Point, including the west approaches to Verde Island Passage, and Manila Bay 179. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 9

West coast of Luzon from Cochinos Point to Cape Bolinao and Santiago Island, including Subic Bay 201. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 10

West coast of Luzon from Santiago Island to Cape Bojeador, including Lingayen Gulf and San Fernando Harbour 217. . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDICES AND INDEX

Appendix I Archipelagic Sea Lanes 229. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Index 230. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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EXPLANATORY NOTES

Admiralty Sailing Directions are intended for use by vessels of 12 m or more in length. They amplify charted detail and contain

information needed for safe navigation which is not available from Admiralty charts, or other hydrographic publications. They are intended

to be read in conjunction with the charts quoted in the text.

This volume of the Sailing Directions will be kept up-to-date by the issue of a new edition at intervals of approximately 3 years, without

the use of supplements. In addition important amendments which cannot await the new edition are published in Section IV of the weeklyeditions ofAdmiralty Notices to Mariners. A list of such amendments and notices in force is published in the last weekly edition for each

month. Those still in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

This volume should not be used without reference to Section IV of the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

CDROM

Status.A compact disc is provided at the back of this volume. The paper publication of Sailing Directions satisfies the requirements of

Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The CD version does not satisfy these requirements and should only

be used in conjunction with the paper publication and any amendments affecting the paper publication. Where any discrepancy exists

between data on the CD and in the paper publication of Sailing Directions, the paper publication (inclusive of amendments) is to be relied

upon.

Disclaimer.Whilst the UKHO has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the data on the CD was accurate at the time of production, it

has not verified the data for navigational purposes and the CD is not suitable, and is not to be relied upon, for navigation. The use of the CD for

this purpose is at the users own risk. The UKHO accepts no liability (except in the case of death or personal injury caused by the negligence

of the UKHO) whether in contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise and whether or not arising out of any negligence on the part of the

UKHO in respect of any inadequacy of any kind whatsoever in the data on the CD or in the means of distribution.

Conditions of Release.The material supplied on the CDROM is protected by Crown Copyright. No part of the data may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise

without the prior written permission of the UKHO. The copyright material, its derivatives and its outputs may not be sold or distributed or

commercially exploited in either an original or derived form without the prior written permission of the UKHO. For the avoidance of doubt,

the supplied material, its derivatives and its outputs shall not be placed, or allowed to be placed, on a computer accessible to Third Parties

whether via the Internet or otherwise. The release of the supplied material in no way implies that the UKHO will supply further material.

References to hydrographic and other publications

The Mariners Handbookgives general information affecting navigation and is complementary to this volume.

Ocean Passages for the WorldandRouteing Chartscontain ocean routeing information and should be consulted for other than coastal

passages.

Admiralty List of Lightsshould be consulted for details of lights, lanbys and fog signals, as these are not fully described in this volume.

Admiralty List of Radio Signalsshould be consulted for information relating to coast and port radio stations, radio details of pilotage

services, radiobeacons and direction finding stations, meteorological services, radio navigational aids, Global Maritime Distress and Safety

System (GMDSS) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) stations, as these are only briefly referred to in this volume.

Admiralty Maritime Communicationsis a comprehensive guide on all aspects of maritime communications for the yachtsman and small

craft user. It provides general information on Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), the management of VHF, Maritime

Safety Information, NAVTEX, Inmarsat and Radio Facsimile, and detailed information and procedures for marinas and harbours used bysmall craft.

Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Marinerscontains in addition to the temporary and preliminary notices, and amendments and

notices affecting Sailing Directions, a number of notices giving information of a permanent nature covering radio messages and navigational

warnings, distress and rescue at sea and exercise areas.

The International Code of Signalsshould be consulted for details of distress and life-saving signals, international ice-breaker signals as

well as international flag signals.

Remarks on subject matter

Buoysare generally described in detail only when they have special navigational significance, or where the scale of the chart is too small

to show all the details clearly.

Chart index diagramsin this volume show only those Admiralty charts of a suitable scale to give good coverage of the area. Mariners

should consult NP 131 Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publicationsfor details of larger scale charts.

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EXPLANATORY NOTES

viii

Chart referencesin the text normally refer to the largest scale Admiralty chart but occasionally a smaller scale chart may be quoted where

its use is more appropriate.

Firing, practice and exercise areas.Except for submarine exercise areas, details of firing, practice and exercise areas are not mentioned

in Sailing Directions, but signals and buoys used in connection with these areas are sometimes mentioned if significant for navigation.

Attention is invited to the Annual Notice to Mariners on this subject.

Nameshave been taken from the most authoritative source. When an obsolete name still appears on the chart, it is given in bracketsfollowing the proper name at the principal description of the feature in the text and where the name is first mentioned.

Tidal informationrelating the daily vertical movements of the water is not given; for thisAdmiralty Tide Tablesshould be consulted.

Changes in water level of an abnormal nature are mentioned.

Time difference used in the text when applied to the time of High Water found from the Admiralty Tide Tables, gives the time of the event

being described in the Standard Time kept in the area of that event. Due allowance must be made for any seasonal daylight saving time which

may be kept.

Wreck information is included where drying or below-water wrecks are relatively permanent features having significance for

navigation or anchoring.

Units and terminology used in this volume

Latitude and Longitudegiven in brackets are approximate and are taken from the chart quoted.

Bearings and directionsare referred to the true compass and when given in degrees are reckoned clockwise from 000(North) to 359

Bearings used for positioning are given from the reference object.

Bearings of objects, alignments and light sectors are given as seen from the vessel.

Courses always refer to the course to be made good over the ground.

Windsare described by the direction from which they blow.

Tidal streams and currentsare described by the direction towards which they flow.

Distancesare expressed in sea miles of 60 to a degree of latitude and sub-divided into cables of one tenth of a sea mile.

Depthsare given below chart datum, except where otherwise stated.

Heightsof objects refer to the height of the structure above the ground and are invariably expressed as ... m in height.

Elevations, as distinct from heights, are given above Mean High Water Springs or Mean Higher High Water whichever is quoted in

Admiralty Tide Tables, and expressed as, an elevation of ... m. However the elevation of natural features such as hills may alternatively be

expressed as ... m high since in this case there can be no confusion between elevation and height.

Metric unitsare used for all measurements of depths, heights and short distances, but where feet/fathoms charts are referred to, these

latter units are given in brackets after the metric values for depths and heights shown on the chart.

Timeis expressed in the four-figure notation beginning at midnight and is given in local time unless otherwise stated. Details of local time

kept will be found inAdmiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.

Bandsis the word used to indicate horizontal marking.

Stripesis the word used to indicate markings which are vertical, unless stated to be diagonal.

Conspicuous objectsare natural and artificial marks which are outstanding, easily identifiable and clearly visible to the mariner over a

large area of sea in varying conditions of light. If the scale is large enough they will normally be shown on the chart in bold capitals and may be

marked conspic.

Prominent objectsare those which are easily identifiable, but do not justify being classified as conspicuous.

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ix

ABBREVIATIONSThe following abbreviations are used in the text.

Directions

N north (northerly, northward, northern,

northernmost)

NNE north-north-eastNE north-east

ENE east-north-east

E east

ESE east-south-east

SE south-east

SSE south-south-east

S south

SSW south-south-west

SW south-westWSW west-south-west

W west

WNW west-north-west

NW north-west

NNW north-north-west

Navigation

AIS Automatic Indentification System

CVTS Cooperative Vessel Traffic System

DGPS Differential Global Positioning System

GPS Global Positioning System

Lanby Large automatic navigation buoyMCTS Marine Communications and Traffic Services

Centres

ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System

Satnav Satellite navigation

TSS Traffic Separation Scheme

VMRS Vessel Movement Reporting System

VTC Vessel Traffic Centre

VTS Vessel Traffic ServicesVTMS Vessel Traffic Management System

Offshore operations

ALC Articulated loading column

ALP Articulated loading platform

CALM Catenary anchor leg mooring

CBM Conventional buoy mooring

ELSBM Exposed location single buoy mooring

FPSO Floating production storage and offloading

vessel

FSO Floating storage and offloading vessel

PLEM Pipe line end manifold

SALM Single anchor leg mooring system

SALS Single anchored leg storage system

SBM Single buoy mooring

SPM Single point mooring

Organizations

IALA International Association of Lighthouse

Authorities

IHO International Hydrographic Organization

IMO International Maritime Organization

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

RN Royal Navy

UKHO United Kingdom Hydrographic Office

Radio

DF direction finding

HF high frequency

LF low frequency

MF medium frequency

Navtex Navigational Telex System

RT radio telephony

UHF ultra high frequency

VHF very high frequency

WT radio (wireless) telegraphy

Rescue and distress

AMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue

System

EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

JRCC Joint Rescue Cooperation Centre

MRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre

MRSC Maritime Rescue Sub-Centre

SAR Search and Rescue

Tides

HAT Highest Astronomical Tide

HW High Water

LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide

LW Low Water

MHHW Mean Higher High Water

MHLW Mean Higher Low WaterMHW Mean High Water

MHWN Mean High Water Neaps

MHWS Mean High Water Springs

MLHW Mean Lower High Water

MLLW Mean Lower Low Water

MLW Mean Low Water

MLWN Mean Low Water Neaps

MLWS Mean Low Water SpringsMSL Mean Sea Level

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11/259

ABBREVIATIONS

x

Times

ETA estimated time of arrival

ETD estimated time of departure

UT Universal Time

UTC Co-ordinated Universal Time

Units and miscellaneous

C degrees Celsius

DG degaussingdwt deadweight tonnage

DZ danger zone

feu forty foot equivalent unit

fm fathom(s)

ft foot (feet)

g/cm3 gram per cubic centimetre

GRP glass reinforced plastic

grt gross register tonnage

gt gross tonnage

hp horse power

hPa hectopascal

kHz kilohertz

km kilometre(s)kn knot(s)

kW kilowatt(s)

m metre(s)

mb millibar(s)

MHz megahertz

mm millimetre(s)

MW megawatt(s)

No number

nrt nett register tonnage

teu twenty foot equivalent unit

Vessels and cargo

CDC Certain Dangerous CargoHMS Her (His) Majestys Ship

HSC High Speed Craft

LASH Lighter Aboard Ship

LHG Liquefied Hazardous Gas

LNG Liquefied Natural Gas

LOA Length overall

LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas

MV Motor VesselMY Motor Yacht

POL Petrol, Oil & Lubricants

RMS Royal Mail Ship

Ro-Ro Roll-on, Roll-off

SS Steamship

ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier

VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier

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xi

GLOSSARIES

The following words, occasionally found on Charts and in Sailing Directions, are for the most part of Malay origin but are subject to

modification in some dialects.

A short glossary of Filipino words is also given.

MALAY/INDONESIAN

Abbreviations used: Gu - Gunung, Gg - Gosong, Pu - Pulau, Tg - Tanjung, Tanjong

Malay/ Indonesian English Malay/ Indonesian English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

air water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

air masin salt water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

air mentah freshwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

air pasang high tide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

air pelajaran bay, inlet, creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

air perbani neap tide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

air surut low tide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ajer, ayer water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

alang bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

alangan bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

alur channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .alur pelayaran channel, passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ambang shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ambang sungai shoal, bank, bar. . . . . . . . . . . . .

anak sungai rivulet, tributary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

anggai signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

angin wind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

anja, anjar anchor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

api light (lit. fire). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

arus (harus) current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ayer seeajer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ayer mati low water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ayer pasang flood tide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ayer rabong high water (springs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ayer surut ebb tide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bagan quay, fishing village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .baharu, baru new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bandar harbour, port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bandara airport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

barat west, western. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

barat daya south-west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

barat laut north-west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

baru new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

batang river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

batu stone, rock, milestone, islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

batu-batu group of rocks,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bayu wind, breeze. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bengawan river, large stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

besar large, great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

berbahaya dangerous, hazardous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

berbukit hilly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

berlabuh anchor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .beting reef, sandbank, shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

biduk river boat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

biru blue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bom laut depth-charge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

buaya crocodile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bukit hill, mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bulan moon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

burong bird. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

busong sandbank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

changkat low hill, sandbank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cetek shallow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ci stream, small river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

daerah area, zone, region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dalam deep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .danau lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dangkal shallow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

danu lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

darat landward, the interior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

delapan eight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dermaga wharf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

diangkat remove, delete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

didasar laut seabed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dilarang prohibited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dua two. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

empat four. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

enam six. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gelap eclipse, dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gosong shoal, sandbank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gunong mountain, hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gunonganang mountain ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gunung mountain, hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gunung api volcano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gusung shoal, sandbank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hari day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

harus current, tide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hijau green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hilir downstream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hitam black, dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hujan rain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hulu upper reaches of a river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hutan jungle, forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ikan fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

inggelan, inglitir England. . . . . . . . . . . .

inggeris English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

inggris raya Great Britain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

jalan street, road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

janbatan bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

jermal fishing stake, fish trap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

jernih clear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

jong sea-going junk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kli river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kampung village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal ship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal api steamship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal barang freighter, general cargo vessel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal dadang cargo vessel. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal lajar sailing vesse1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal layar sailing vessel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal muslim pilot vessel. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal muatan freighter. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal pandu pilot boat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal penambang ferry. . . . . . . . . . .

kapal pengangkut cargo vessel. . . . . . . . . . .

kapal penumpang passenger vessel. . . . . . . . . . .

kapal perang warship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal peronda coastguard vessel. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal tangkar tanker. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal tunda tugboat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kapal uap steamship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kapal udara aircraft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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GLOSSARY

xii

Malay/ Indonesian English Malay/ Indonesian English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

karang coral, coral reef, atoll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

karang-karang group of reefs, atolls. . . . . . . . . . . . .

kechil, kechik small. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kegunongan mountainous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kelelap submerged, sunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kepulauan archipelago, large group of islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kering dry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ketjil small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kidul the south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kota city, town, fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kuala estuary, river mouth, confluence of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

two rivers

kulon west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kumpit fast narrow river craft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kuning yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

labuhan, labuan anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . .

lapan eight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

larangan prohibited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

laut sea, seaward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lautan ocean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lebak valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lebar broad, wide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lima five. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lubuk deep pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lumpur mud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lurah valley, ravine, gully. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

malam night. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

malim pilot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mas golden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

merah red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

minyak oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

muara estuary, river mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

musim season. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

musim tenggara SW monsoon. . . . . . . . . . . .

musim utara NE monsoon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

negri town state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nelajan fisherman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

nol nought, zero. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

nusa island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ombak waves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ombak memetjah breakers. . . . . . . . . . .

ombak selabu rollers. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

omong fishing ground mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pabean customs house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pagi morning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

paja swamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

panchang stake, pile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pangkalang anchorage, landing place, pier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

panjang long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pantai beach, coast, shore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pantjang stake, pile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

parigi well, spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

parit mote, ditch, trench. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pasang rise (of tide). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pasang kering ebb, low tide. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pasang naik high tide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pasang purnama spring tides. . . . . . . . . . . .

pasang surut the tides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pasanggrahan resthouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pasir sand, sandy- beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

paya marsh, swamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pegunungan mountain range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pelabuhan roadstead, anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pekan market town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pemayang large fishing-boat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pematang, permatang bank, sandhill, dune. . . . . . . .pendaratan landing place, quay, pier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pengkapalan shipping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

perahu boat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

perahu majang deep-sea fishing boat. . . . . . . . . . . . .

perahu tambang ferry boat. . . . . . . . . . . .

perkapalan fleet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

peta chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

petang evening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pinggir laut coast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pohon, pokok tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

prau boat, small craft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

propinsi province. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

puloh ten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pulau island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pulau-pulau small group of islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

puntjak, puncak summit, peak . . . . . . . . . . . .

puri town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

putih white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rajut fish net. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rawa, rawang swamp, marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rebas sparse jungle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

redang deep swamp, marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rendah low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

riam waterfall, rapids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rimba jungle, forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rintangan (rint) obstruction. . . . . . . . . . . . .

romba beacon, fishermans mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rumah house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rumbu fishtrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sampan small boat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

satu one. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

selat strait, narrows, channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

selatan south, southern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

selatan daya south-west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sembilan nine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

semboyan signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sepuluh ten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

suar light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sumur well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sungai river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

syarbandar harbour master. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tali ayer canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tanah land, country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tanjung cape, point, promontory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

teluk bay, bend in a river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tempat place, spot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tengah middle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tenggara south-east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tepi bank, shore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tepi laut south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

terumbu rock awash at low water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

terusan canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tiang mast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tiga three. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .timur east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

timur laut north-east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tinggi high. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tohor shallow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tokong reef, below-water bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tongkang lighter (for cargo). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tua old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tujuh seven. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ujung cape, point, headland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ulu (hulu) upper reaches of a river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

utan (hutan) jungle, forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

utara north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

utara barat north-west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

waduk reservoir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .wai river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

wetan east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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GLOSSARY

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FILIPINO (Tagalog)

Filipino English Filipino English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

baibai coast, seaboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bakal iron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

balai house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bato rock, stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bayan town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bohangin sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bondog mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

daan road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dagat sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

darung ship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

habagat wind from W monsoon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hilaga north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ilog river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ilogan mouth of a river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kahui tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kanluran west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kauit a creek, bend, hook; frequently. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

employed to name a point

kitir strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kogon a reed used for roofing houses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kota fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

losak mud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

luk bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lupa land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mababa low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mahaba long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

maitim black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

malaki large, great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

munti little, small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ongot cape, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pantalan mole, jetty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

poio island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

silangan east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

takut shoal, sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

timog south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tubig water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tuyo dry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STANDARDISATION OF ORTHOGRAPHY

The Indonesian and Malaysian Governments have adopted a single orthography for what is virtually a common language Malay(but called Bahasa Indonesia within Indonesia). This volume has been written in the new orthography, however, there will be a delaybefore all charts show the common interpretation and as a consequence of this the changes are given below:

Malaysia Indonesia Common orthography

CH TJ C

J DJ J

SH SJ SY

KH CH KH

GH G GH

NY NJ NY

Y J Y

E (2nd Syllable) I (2nd Syllable) I

O (2nd Syllable) U (2nd Syllable) U

K K

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GLOSSARY

xiv

INDONESIAN PRONUNCIATION

Indonesian orthography normally allows for unequivocal interpretation of the pronunciation. The stress usually falls on the

penultimate vowel; an exception to this rule occurs when the penultimate syllable contains e, in this case the stress falls on the last syllable.

For example: taman (park) is pronounced tman and teman (friend) is pronounced temn, the accent illustrates the stress.

Vowels:Front

unrounded

Central

unrounded

Back

rounded

High i u

Middle e o

Low a

i is sounded like the Englishee insee, but shorter.Likei inpit in closed syllable[i]. Indonesian spelling shown as i.

is like the Englishe inpet or likea inmake but shorter. Indonesian spelling e.

a is like the Englisha infather but much shorter. Indonesian spelling a.

e is like the Englishainsofa. Indonesian spelling e.

o is like the Englisho incoat but shorter; or likeaw but shorter. Indonesian spelling o.

u is like the Englishoo infood.In closed syllables likeoo inbook. Indonesian spelling u.

Diphthongsy similar to the Englishay as inpay. Indonesian spelling ai.

ow similar to the Englishow as inmow. Indonesian spelling au.

oy similar to the Englishoy as inboy. Indonesian spelling oi.

Consonants

Labial Apico

dental

Palatal Dorso

velar

Glottal

Voiceless stop p t c k ?

Voiced stop b d j g

Spirant f s sy kh h

Nasal m n ny ng

Liquids w r,l y

The following individual letter pronunciation should be noted:

b similar tob in the Englishrub; examplebatu (stone). Indonesian spelling shown as b.

p similar top inlip; exampleasap (smoke). Indonesian spelling p.

d similar tod inred; examplejihad (holy war). Indonesian spelling d.

t similar tot inlet but without puff of air; exampletujuh (seven). Indonesian spelling t.

g similar tog indog; examplegaji (wage) or in final position similar tok asbedug (drum). Indonesian spelling shown as g.

k similar tok inlike but without puff of air; examplekabar (news). Indonesian spelling k.

j similar toj but without thezh sound; examplejalan (street). Indonesian spelling j.

c similar toch in church but without thesh sound; examplecari (to seek). Indonesian spelling c.

m similar tom inmain; exampleminta (to want). Indonesian spelling m.

n similar ton innoon; examplenama (name). Indonesian spelling n.

ny similar tony incanyon; examplenyanyi (to sing). Indonesian spelling ny.f similar tof infan; examplefihak (side). Indonesian spelling f or v.

s similar tos insend; examplesumur (well). Indonesian spelling s.

sy similar tosh inshoot; examplesyukur (thanks). Indonesian spelling sy.

z similar toz inzeal; examplezat (substance). Indonesian spelling z.

ng similar tong insinger; exampledengan (with). Indonesian spelling ng.

l similar tol inleave. Tongue more advanced than Englishl (hill); examplelima (five). Indonesian spelling l.

r similar tor invery ortt inbutter. Sometimes trilled strongly; exampleroda (wheel) orkiri (left). Indonesian spelling r.

w ranges betweenv invane andw inwane.Examplewasit (referee) orlawan (opponent). Indonesian spelling w.

y similar toy inyou.Exampleyang (the one that). Indonesian spelling y.

h similar toh inhope.Examplehal (thing). Indonesian spelling h.

kh voiceless velar spirant similar to the sound made by a mild clearing of the throat. Often pronouncedh ork.Exampleakhir (end).

Indonesian spelling kh.

? produced by holding ones breath for a fraction of a second and then releasing it: the glottal stop. Example baik (fine) or

tunjukkan/tunju?kan (point). Indonesian spelling k or as shown inrakyat/rayat (people).

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-

LOW-POW

EREDVESS

ELS

-

LOW-PO

WERE

DVESS

ELS

PRINC

IPALR

OUTE

ALTERNATIVER

OUTE

SINGAPOR

ETOHON

GKONG

London Rfs.

3

4

2

2

S O U T H

C H I N A

S E A

Royal Charlotte Rf.

Louisa Rf.NP 30

CHINA SEAPILOT VOL I

P.P. Anambas

Subi

Serasan

T. Sirik

Ku. Paloh

Luconia Shoals

S A R A

B O R

Ku. Rajang

T. SipangT. Api

Pengibu

Tambelan Eil B. van Tambelan

NP 36

INDONESIA PILOTVOL I

SINGAPORE

China Sea Pilot Vol. II

D a n g e r o u s G round

3

ApiP

assa

ge

T.

Bayung

S gin apore

Str.

K

e

p

u

l

a

u

an

Na

t u

na

Bintulu

Kuc

hing

xv

1312

1311

3720

2414

1336

3483

3482

3482

2414

0

104

104

105

105

106

106

107

107

108

108 109

Longitude 110East from Greenwich

110 111

112

112

113

113

1

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Chapter Index Diagram

March 2004

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L U Z O N S T R A I T

NP 32CHINA SEA

PILOT VOL III

C. Bojeador

NP 30

CHINA SEAPILOT VOL I

PARACEL Is.

MacclesfieldBank

Scarborough Reef

L U Z O N

S O U T H

C H I N A

S E A M ndi o or Stra ti

Port

Olongap

o

Manila Bay

Cape Calavite

MINDORO

Tizard Bank & Reefs

Flat I.

Sin Cowe I.

Amy Douglas Bk.

Jackson Atoll

Mischief Rf.

Busuanga

Culion I.Lib

roPt.

Northwest Hd.

PHILIPPINEISLANDS

PILOT

NP 33

London Rfs.

Ardasier Reef

Royal Charlotte Rf.

Half Moon Shoal

Cape Buliluyan

Balabac I.

Balabac Str.

P. Balambangan

S U L U

S E A

Louisa Rf.

Continued onIndex NP 31(a)

T.No os ng

S A B A H

B O R N E O

NP 31(b)China Sea Pilot Vol. II

PALAW

AN

Maalmpaya

S.d

2

10

2

2

9

8

7

7

2

6

5

D a n g e r o u s G round

Caiman Pt.

LubangIs.

Iraan Pt.

North Danger

Thi Tu I. & Reefs,Subi Reef

Loai Ta I. & Reefs UluganBay

Spratly I.

NP 30CHINA SEAPILOT VOL I

Chapter Index Diagram

SanFernando

INSH

ORE

ROUTE

1338

967

3807

3806

3806

3805

3804

3482

3483

To Hong Kong

UE

W

W

EDVSES

R

SL

OT

-LO

PO

R

E

E

xvi

20 20

19 19

18 18

17 17

16 16

15 15

14 14

13 13

12

12

11 11

10 10

9 9

8 8

7 7

6 6

111

111

112

112

113

113

114

114 115

Longitude 116East from Greenwich

116 117 118

119

119

120

120

121

121

March 2004

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1

LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPERTAINING TO NAVIGATION

While, in the interests of safety of shipping, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office makes every endeavour to include in its hydrographic

publications details of the laws and regulations of all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly understood:

(a) that no liability whatever will be accepted for failure to publish details of any particular law or regulation, and

(b) that publication of the details of a law or regulation is solely for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no recognition

of the international validity of the law or regulation.

CHINA SEA PILOTVOLUME II

CHAPTER 1

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS

COUNTRIES AND PORTS

NATURAL CONDITIONS

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS

LIMITS OF THE BOOK

Chart 4508

1.1

1 Area covered. This book contains Sailing Directions for

that part of the South China Sea which lies E of a line

from Singapore Strait in the SW to Luzon Strait in the NE.

In the book are described the NW coast of Kalimantan N

of latitude 115N, Kepulauan Natuna, the coasts of

Sarawak and Brunei, the NW coast of Sabah, Palawan

Passage, and the W coasts of Palawan and Luzon. Also

described are the offshore reefs and dangers, including the

area known as Dangerous Ground, and directions are given

for the route for low-powered vessels between Singapore

Strait and Hong Kong during the NE monsoon.

2 The limits of the book are:

Lat N Long E

From Tanjung Berakit 114 10434

N to position 134 10434

Thence NE to position 250 10700

Thence N to position 430 10700


Thence N to position 830 11100


Thence SE to Cape Bojeador 1830 12034

Thence S along the W coast of Luzonto Cape Santiago 1346

120

39

Thence SW to Del Monte Point 1332 12025

Lat N Long E

Thence W along the coast to Cape

Calavite

1325 12020

Thence SW to position 1230 11929

Thence S to Libro Point 1126 11929

Thence SW along the W coast of

Palawan to Cape Buliluyan

820 11711

Thence W to position 820 11645

Thence S to Pulau Kalampunian 703 11645

Thence along the NW coast of Borneo

to close N of Pulau Pontianak

117 10900

Thence W to Tanjung Berakit 114 10434

NAVIGATIONAL DANGERS AND HAZARDSGeneral remarks

Volcanic activity and earthquakes1.2

1 The Philippine Islands are located in an area of high

seismic activity. The most significant effect of this activity

for vessels at sea is likely to be the seismic sea wave,

known as the tsunami. These waves are caused by

earthquakes or submarine volcanic activity. Vessels near the

origin of seismic activity may be affected by shock waves,

which create the impression that the vessel has run aground

or passed over a submerged reef.

2 When the tsunami progress is constricted by the bottom

configuration or shoreline the height of the wave increases

rapidly, and considerable damage may be suffered byvessels in the vicinity, or adjoining shore installations. See

also The Mariners Handbook.

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CHAPTER 1

2

Magnetic anomaly1.3

1 In 1951 a magnetic anomaly was observed W of

Balabac Strait. See 6.6.

Navigation amongst coral1.4

1 In all areas where coral grows mariners are warned tonavigate with caution, bearing in mind the possible

reductions to charted depths which may be caused by coral

growth. See The Mariners Handbook for further

information about coral.

Floating hazards1.5

1 When navigating in the waters covered in this book,

particularly during the rainy season (1.217), a sharp lookout

must be kept for flotsam. Very large floating tree trunks

and rafts of vegetation, on occasion with trees still upright

and resembling an island, may be encountered, particularly

off the Philippine Islands.

2 Dead trees and logs may also be encountered for a

considerable distance from the coast of Brunei, and

numerous floating logs, driftwood, roots of palm trees and

other flotsam which could be hazardous to navigation may

be encountered between Kepulauan Natuna (longitude

109E) and the Balabac Strait (730N, 11700E).

Mine danger areas1.6

1 Within the limits of this book there are no areas

declared dangerous due to mines laid during the war years

1939 to 1945.

Overhead power cables1.7

1 When navigating in some ports and rivers covered inthis book overhead power cables may be encountered.

Where known these are shown on the charts. Mariners are

warned that some cables may carry high voltages which

may make possible a dangerous electrical discharge

between a cable and a ship passing under it. See The

Mariners Handbook for further information.

Air lights1.8

1 Air lights, with definite characteristics, specifically for

the use of aircraft, may be exhibited from structures near

the coasts described in this volume. Air lights which appear

likely to be visible from seaward are shown on the charts,

and are included in the Admiralty List of Lights.

2 Air lights are often of great luminous power andelevation and they, or the loom of them, may be the first

lights sighted when making a landfall. However, these

lights are subject to change, and prompt notification to the

mariner may not always be possible, care should, therefore,

be taken that they are not confused with marine

navigational aids.

Routesand Archipelagic Sea Lanes

Low-powered vessels route, Singapore Strait to Hong

Kong1.9

1 The route, via Palawan Passage, for low-powered vessels

from Singapore Strait to Hong Kong during the NEmonsoon (1.181) leads through the area covered in this

book, and is described at 2.6.

1.10

1 Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ASLs), as defined by the

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

(UNCLOS), have been designated within certain of the

waters described in this volume. See Appendix I of this

volume and Chapter 3 of The Mariners Handbook for

further details.

2 For information on other routes through the China Seasee Ocean Passages for the World.

Inner Route, west coast of Palawan1.11

1 The coastal route serving ports on the W coast of

Palawan leads SW from Libro Point (1126N, 11929E),

and is described at 7.25. This route has been frequently

used by vessels fitted with radar.

TRAFFIC AND OPERATIONS

Traffic1.12

1 Caution. Because of the narrowness of the deep water

passage through Palawan Passage (7.15), and the hazardson either hand, vessels on reciprocal courses may be found

to be navigating along a common track.

1.13

1 Caution. Hovercraft may be encountered off the NW

coast of Sabah; for characteristics, and lights exhibited, see

The Mariners Handbook.

Traffic separation schemes1.14

1 There are no IMO-adopted traffic separation schemes in

the waters covered in this book. However, the traffic

separation schemes in the Singapore Strait and Malacca

Strait are IMO-adopted (see the Malacca Strait and West

Coast of Sumatera Pilot), and the relevant sections of the

International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea,(1972), apply.

2 There are non IMO-adopted schemes in the approaches

to Bintulu (4.269) and the entrance to Manila Bay (8.115)

Recreational craft1.15

1 Recreational craft, some of considerable size,

power-driven and/or under sail, may be encountered in the

waters covered in this book, the South China Sea being a

popular cruising ground.

Fishing

General

1.161 Fishing is a major industry and one of the main sources

of food in the countries covered in this book. The main

fishing ports are Kuching (134 N, 11021 E), and

Pelabuhan Labuan (Victoria Harbour) (517N, 11514E),

but all coastal waters, and almost all the open water

between the Malaysian Peninsula and Borneo, may be

considered potential fishing grounds.

2 Plankton is prolific and evenly distributed in tropical

waters, resulting in an abundance of fish stocks uniformly

distributed throughout the area. Certain grounds have

seasonal fishing due to their exposure to the NE and SW

monsoons (1.181).

Methods of fishing employed

1.171 Sizes of craft vary from traditional rowing or sailing

boats as little as 3 m in length to modern trawlers of 15 m

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CHAPTER 1

3

or more in length. Traps, seine and drift nets, lines, lures

and bottom trawls are used. Large concentrations of vessels

may be encountered in coastal waters, and smaller groups

in open waters, where even the occasional lone fisherman

may be found tending to lines.

Fish havens

1.181 Fish havens and fish aggregating devices (FADs), the

size, type and situation of which vary, are numerous in the

waters off Borneo, but may be encountered anywhere in

the waters covered in this book. They may be laid on the

seabed, at intermediate depths, or on the surface, and may

be marked or unmarked. Where appropriate, more specific

information is given in the geographical chapters.

Exercise areas

Firing practice areas1.19

1 An area in which missile firing exercises may take place

lies within 150 miles of the W coast of Luzon, between

Scarborough Reef and Stewart Bank.

1.20

1 There are firing practice areas (454N, 11444E and

458N, 11445E) off the coast of Brunei (see 5.18).

Although no restrictions are placed on the right to transit

the firing practice areas, mariners are advised to exercise

particular caution whilst in the areas. Red flags or red

lights are displayed to indicate that the areas are in use.

2 The firing practice areas are operated using a clear range

procedure. Exercises and firing only take place when the

areas are considered to be clear of all shipping.

For further details see the Annual Summary of Admiralty

Notices to Mariners and local Byelaws.

Submarine exercises and operations1.21

1 Submarines exercise in an area centred about position

145N, 10500E.

For signals made by United States submarines see 1.104,

and for other information concerning submarines see the

Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

Marine exploitation

Surveys1.22

1 Vessels carrying out seismic surveys in connection with

oil and gas exploitation may be encountered in the waters

covered in this book. Seismic survey methods are outlinedin The Mariners Handbook.

Offshore drilling operations1.23

1 Drilling rigs, floating or fixed, may be encountered in

the waters covered in this book, particularly off the NW

coasts of Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah. Buoys and lights

associated with the drilling operation may be laid in the

vicinity of the rigs. The positions of rigs, and associated

buoys and lights, are subject to frequent change, but, when

known, are promulgated by Navarea XI radio navigational

warning messages (1.57).

2 When on location, moorings extend 610 m from the rigs

and are marked by unlit buoys (yellow); at night the rigs

display working lights. When under tow, the rigs exhibitlights in accordance with the International Regulations for

Preventing Collisions at Sea, (1972).

Vessels should give the drilling rigs a wide berth, and if

required to navigate in their vicinity should do so with

caution and at a slow speed.

Wells, when no longer required for exploratory drilling,

are sealed off below the seabed, and the sites certified by

divers as clear of obstructions.

3 Disused wells, from which projections may extend up to

15 m above the seabed, are shown on the chart either asobstructions or as danger circles enclosing the depths over

the wellheads, if known, and each marked Well.

Offshore oil and gas fields1.24

1 Offshore oil and gas fields consisting of production

platforms and associated structures, including tanker

moorings, storage tankers and extensive networks of

pipelines, are to be found in increasing numbers in the sea

areas covered in this book, and abound off the NW coast

of Borneo. Floating and fixed structures associated with

these fields generally exhibit Mo (U) lights, aircraft

obstruction lights, and emit audible fog signals.

Unauthorised navigation is prohibited within 500 m of all

such structures, including storage tankers which can swingabout their moorings; and tankers manoeuvring in the

vicinity of platforms and moorings should be given a wide

berth. For further information see The Mariners Handbook.

In addition, further restrictions have been declared around

certain offshore oil fields in Brunei waters. See 5.10.

CHARTS

State of survey and charting1.25

1 British Admiralty charts of the coasts of Sarawak,

Brunei and parts of the NW coasts of Sabah and the

Philippine Islands are based on modern surveys carried out

by echo sounder. Elsewhere in the area covered in thisbook they depend on lead and line surveys carried out in

the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, supplemented

by depth information gathered from international sources in

recent times.

1.26

1 The basis of chart coverage in the areas covered in this

book is as follows:

Indonesian waters. Charts of Kepulauan Pengibu,

Kepulauan Natuna and the NW coast of West

Kalimantan are based on Netherlands surveys in

the early part of the twentieth century.

2 Sarawak. Charts of the coast and offshore waters are

based on British surveys mainly carried out in the

1930s. All the important ports and their approaches

are covered in post-1945 British and Sarawak

Marine Department surveys and, more recently, by

commercial surveys associated with the

exploitation of oil and gas in the region. The S

side of Brunei Bay E of Tanjung Sunda has not

yet been fully surveyed.

Brunei. Charts are mainly based on pre1939 British

surveys, with later additions in the Port of Muara

and Sungai Brunei area.

Sabah. Charts of the NW coast are mainly based on

British surveys in the 19th century, with later

additions in the Pelabuhan Labuan (Victoria

Harbour), area. Some information has also been

derived from more recent commercial surveys in

the area.3 Philippine Islands. Charts of the W coast of Palawan

are mainly based on surveys by the British in the

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CHAPTER 1

4

nineteenth century, with additions up to 1925.

Some later additions have been made but the

charts remain poor. Charts of the approaches to

Mindoro Strait, the Lubang Islands and the

approaches to Verde Island Passage depend on

United States Government surveys made in the

1930s, and 1970s. The charts of Manila Bay and

Subic Bay are based on modern United States andPhilippine government surveys, and the W coast of

Luzon on United States Government surveys up to

1925.

4 Dangerous Ground. Whilst a number of the dangers

therein were examined in the 1930s, this area

remains largely unsurveyed. However, the latest

Admiralty charts contain information not

previously available, gathered up to 1941, as well

as information derived from satellite imagery,

which has made it possible to define the limits of

some banks more accurately.

1.27

1 British Admiralty charts and publications are listed in

theCatalogue of Admiralty Charts,

together with a list ofAdmiralty Chart Agents.

1.28

1 In certain areas where the British Admiralty charts show

insufficient detail for navigation close inshore these Sailing

Directions have been written using foreign charts. These

are not quoted as reference charts in the text, which has

been written in the assumption that mariners wishing to

navigate in these areas will have provided themselves with

suitable charts on which to do so.

Foreign charts may be obtained from the publishing

authorities shown in this book and in the Catalogue of

Admiralty Charts and Publications, and from their agents.

These charts are not issued by the UK Hydrographic Office

nor are they corrected by Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

2 Indonesian charts may be obtained from:Indonesian Hydro-Oceanographic Service

Jalan Gunung Sahari 87

Jakarta

Indonesia

3 Malaysian charts may be obtained from:

Royal Malaysian Navy

Ministry of Defence

Jalan Padang Tembak

50634 Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

4 Philippines charts may be obtained from:

Coast and Geodetic Survey Department

421 Barraca Street

BinondoManila

Philippines

PO Box 1620

5 United States charts may be obtained from:

National Ocean Service

Distribution Branch (N/ACC3)

6501 Lafayette Avenue

Riverdale

MD20737-1199

USA

Datums1.29

1 Chart datum. The change to a new chart datum basedon LAT (Lowest Astronomical Tide), and the metrication of

charts, which is in progress, has resulted in there being

differences in depths and heights of up to 1 m between

charts and Sailing Directions. This discrepancy will

continue until all charts have been metricated and the two

have been reconciled.

1.30

1 Horizontal datum. Many charts carry a caution on the

shift to be applied to satellite-derived positions before they

are plotted. In the absence of such a caution it should notbe assumed that such a shift is negligible. For further

information see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.

1.31

1 Differences in graduation may be apparent when

transferring positions from one chart to another. When in

doubt it is advisable to transfer positions relative to

common charted features rather than to geographical

co-ordinates.

1.32

1 For further information concerning charts see The

Mariners Handbook.

Accuracy of charted depths1.33

1 Caution. Many depths contained in the charts ofIndonesian waters originate from relatively old surveys or

passage soundings. It should be appreciated that such

information is rarely comprehensive and is certainly not

up-to-date or comparable with modern surveying standards.

Wherever possible, an indication of the original source and

age of the depth data included in charts is given in the title

notes and Source Diagrams of charts. For further

information on the use of charts see The Mariners

Handbook.

2 In particular, depths originating from Netherlands

surveys prior to 1930 may be shoaler than charted due to

uncertainties in their reduction for tidal ranges. Similarly

Admiralty charts referenced to Lowest Astronomical Tide

may be affected throughout, no matter what source hasbeen used. Such depth reductions could be as much as 03

to 09 m in Indonesian waters described in this volume.

3 Due regard must always be given to maintaining

adequate under-keel clearance, especially in waters that

have not been recently surveyed.

NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

General information

Buoyage1.34

1 The IALA System has been introduced throughout the

region, although some buoys which do not conform to the

IALA system may still be encountered. The system isdescribed in full in The Mariners Handbook and in booklet

NP 735 entitled IALA Maritime Buoyage System.

Caution1.35

1 Beacons and buoys. Throughout the region, whilst

efforts are being made to improve matters, especially in

Indonesia and the Philippines, light-beacons are unreliable,

being frequently irregular or extinguished, and buoys are

often found to be missing, damaged, off station or unlit,

and may not be the same as those charted.

1.36

1 Lights. Whilst improvements regarding the number,

quality and reliability of lights in the region are being

sought, especially around the coasts of the PhilippineIslands, mariners failing to make a light when expected are

advised to consider the likelihood of it being unlit.

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CHAPTER 1

5

Indonesia

Buoyage1.37

1 In Indonesian waters the IALA Maritime Buoyage

System Region A (red to port), has been introduced.

1.38

1 Caution. At some places small buoys, wooden beacons,projecting marks, and others which are not official, are

found. These do not necessarily conform to the buoyage

system.

Beacons1.39

1 Channel beacons and light-beacons follow the same

system of colour coding and topmarks as the buoys

mentioned above. However, occasionally, port hand beacon

topmarks may carry two cans, and starboard hand

topmarks, two cones, point up.

2 Both buoys and beacons may be fitted with radar

reflectors but the radar reflectors themselves may not be

marked on the chart.

Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah

Buoys1.40

1 In these waters the IALA Maritime Buoyage System

Region A (red to port) has been introduced. See also 1.34.

Philippine Islands

Buoyage1.41

1 In these waters the IALA Maritime Buoyage System

Region B (green to port) has been introduced, although

buoyage of the previous United States System may still be

encountered.

1.42

1 Caution. Mariners are reminded that all other nations in

the South China Sea area have elected to use IALA

Maritime Buoyage System, Region A (red to port).

1.43

1 United States System. In the United States System,

when approaching a channel from seaward, red conical

buoys (or nun buoys, see The Mariners Handbook), witheven numbers, are found on the starboard hand, and black

can buoys, with odd numbers, on the port hand. The buoys

are numbered from seaward.

PILOTAGE

Indonesia

General1.44

1 Pilotage is compulsory for all the ports in Indonesia forwhich pilots are available. However, no official pilotage

service exists in the area covered in this book.

Signals1.45

1 Pilotage arrangements are described as appropriate in the

following chapters, and are detailed in Admiralty List of

Radio Signals Volume 6 (4). In the absence of radio

communications, the visual signals employed are:

By day Visual signal

The national flag, surrounded by a white border,

displayed at the foremast head.

The pilot signal UC of the International Code of

Signals.

Code flag G of theInternational Code of Signals.

The distant signal, consisting of a cone, point up,

with two balls above.

At night A blue light every 15 minutes.

A bright white light flashed or shown just above

the bulwark at frequent intervals of one minute.

The morse signal G by lamp.2 The above signals must be shown until the pilot is on

board or until an answering signal has been made.

Vessels arriving at night, but not wishing to enter

harbour, shall show the pilot signal at daybreak.

Pilot vessels1.46

1 The pilot service flag is blue with a white star in its

centre.

Sarawak

General1.47

1 Pilotage is compulsory for all major ports and offshore

terminals. The Marine Department supplies the pilots.

Application should be made by giving at least 24 hours

notice to Shipping Kuching, or Sibu, or Sarikei, for

Kuching, or Sibu, or Tanjong Mani ports, respectively.

2 Within the limits of the Port of Miri, Sarawak Shell

Berhad have their own arrangements for handling tankers.

Pilots for minor ports can be arranged through Kuching,

provide sufficient notice is given.

Signals

1.481 When a pilot is available and a vessel requires a pilots

services, the following signals should be made in

accordance with the International Code of Signals:

By day Flag G.

At night Letter G in Morse Code by flashing lamp.

2 A vessel arriving at night and not immediately requiring

the services of a pilot should display Flag G at daybreak.

Where the Harbour Master acts as the pilot, prior notice

of the requirement for his services should be given by the

ships agent.

Brunei and Sabah1.49

1 For signals for obtaining a pilot see 1.48.

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CHAPTER 1

6

Philippine Islands

General1.50

1 Pilotage is compulsory for all government and private

ports; exemptions are usually granted to local coastal

vessels. In the area covered in this book the following lie

within a pilotage district:Manila Bay ports.

Subic Bay.

Port Masinloc.

Santa Cruz.

Dagupan River.

San Fernando Harbour.

2 Vessels requiring the services of a pilot outside a

pilotage district, or for passage between pilotage districts,

should give at least 24 hours notice.

Signals1.51

1 See Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6 (4). In

addition, the following visual signals should be made by avessel requiring a pilot:

By day International Code of Signals Flag G.

By night A blue light exhibited every 15 minutes, or a

white light flashed at short intervals just above

the bulwarks for about 1 minute.

RADIO FACILITIES

Electronic position fixing systems1.52

1 Full details of electronic position fixing systems are

given in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2; those

with a limited applicability in the area covered in this book

are:

2 Loran C. The S, E and N China Sea Chains, the

Korean Chain and NW Pacific Ocean Chain provide

coverage over most of the area covered in this book.

Satellite navigation systems. For information

concerning satellite navigation systems, see Admiralty List

of Radio Signals Volume 2. See also 1.30 concerning

satellite-derived positions.

Radio navigational aids1.53

1 General information. Radio navigational aids in the

area covered in this book consist of racons. Full details ofthe radio navigational aids outlined below are given in

Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2. Individual

stations and services which may be of assistance to the

mariner are listed, where appropriate, within the text of this

book.

1.54

1 Marine radiobeacons are shown on the charts but no

longer listed in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.

1.55

1 Racons are fitted to some light-structures, light-floats

and buoys, but they are not in common use throughout the

area, especially not in the Philippines.

Automatic Identification System (AIS)1.56

1 For details see The Mariners Handbook.

Radio navigational warnings1.57

1 Long range warnings. The area covered in this book

lies within the limits of Navarea XI and Hydropac long

range navigational warning services.

Navarea XI warnings are broadcast through the

SafetyNET system. Japan is the area co-ordinator.

2 Hydropacs are issued by the United States NationalImagery and Mapping Agency, and are broadcast through

Guam and Honolulu Radio.

For full broadcast details of each of these services see

Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3 (2). For further

information concerning Navareas see the Annual Summary

of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

1.58

1 Coastal warnings. Coastal navigational warnings,

covering a region or portion of Navarea XI, are issued by

National Co-ordinators, and are broadcast in English and

national languages through national coast radio stations. For

full broadcast details see Admiralty List of Radio Signals

Volume 3 (2).

1.591 NAVTEX is an international automated narrow band

direct-printing broadcast service through 518 kHz, used for

the promulgation of urgent and routine navigational and

meteorological information. It is an integral part of the

GMDSS and is also a component of the World-wide

Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS).

2 For full broadcast details, and further information, see

Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volumes 3 (2) and 5.

1.60

1 Local warnings. Local navigational warnings cover the

area within the limits of jurisdiction of a harbour or port

authority and may be issued by those authorities. They may

be issued in the national language only, and supplement the

coastal warnings by giving information which the

ocean-going ship may not normally require. See Admiralty

List of Radio Signals Volume 3 (2).

Radio weather reports1.61

1 The World Meteorological Organization has established a

global service for the broadcast of high seas weather

warnings and routine weather bulletins through the

SafetyNET system.

2 Meteorological service areas (Metareas) are identical to

Navareas (1.57). Each Metarea has a designated National

Meteorological Service responsible for issuing high seas

weather warnings and bulletins. The designated authorities

are not necessarily in the same country as the Navarea

co-ordinators.3 Weather warnings, and routine bulletins and facsimiles

are broadcast through national coast radio stations and the

SafetyNet system. For full broadcast details see Admiralty

List of Radio Signals Volume 3 (2).

WEFAX1.62

1 WEFAX data consists of retransmissions, in near real

time, of processed images derived from satellites, as well

as other meteorological data. WEFAX transmissions contain

images of large sectors of the earth, and are transmitted on

a predetermined 24 hour schedule. Satellite-delivered

WEFAX should not be confused with the high frequency

weather radio-fax transmissions from coastal stations.2 For further information see Admiralty List of Radio

Signals Volume 3 (2).

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Piracy warnings1.63

1 Piracy warnings are issued by the International Maritime

Bureau at Kuala Lumpur (1.112). The messages are

broadcast daily through the SafetyNet system. For full

broadcast details see Admiralty List of Radio Signals

Volumes 1 (2) and 5.

Coast radio stations1.64

1 For a list of coast radio stations which are available

within or adjacent to the area covered in this book, see

Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 1 (2).

Port radio and radar stations1.65

1 Port radio stations are in operation in many of the ports,

and some pilot vessels can also provide radio services. Full

particulars are given in Admiralty List of Radio Signals

Volume 6 (4).

REGULATIONS

Submarine pipelines and cables

Submarine pipelines1.66

1 In the area covered in this book there are a large

number of submarine pipelin

np31 china sea pilot vol ii

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