nrsp standard presentation january 2012
TRANSCRIPT
IntroducingNRSP
National Rural Support Programme
As of January, 2012
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
NRSP Programme Districts
Gwadar
Turbat
Awaran
Khuzdar
Panjgur
Chagai
Quetta
Zhob*
BALOCHISTAN
Mardan
Gilgit
Fata
MalakandShangla
Swat
Ghizer
Astore
Chitral
Rahimyar khan
Attock
Lodhran
VehariMultan
Faisalabad
Toba Tek Singh
Sahiwal
Khushab
Mianwali
Bhakkar
Chakwal
Bahawalpur
PUNJAB
Lahore
Bahaw
alna
gar
Rajanpur
Karachi
Thatta
Dadu
BadinTharparkar
Umarkot
Sanghar
Nawab shah
SINDH
Matiari
Jamshoro
HyderabadMirpur khas
Tando m. Khan
Tando allayar
Skardu
Diamer
Kotli
PoonchSudhnuti
BhimberMirpur
Bagh
Muzaffarabad
Neelum
JAMMU & KASHMIRDisputed Territory
GILGIT BALTISTAN
Rawalpindi
Jhelum
Sialkot
Gujranwala
Jhang
Sargodha
Pershawar
Khanewal Pakpattan
Dera ghazi khan
Muzaffargarh
Nankana
Lasbela
Nowshera
NWFP
DeraIsmail khan
Islamabad
CharsaddaSwabi
Sukkur
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
G e ne ra l M a n ag e r
Human ResourceDevelopment
Natural ResourceManagement
Finance & Administra tion
InformationTechnology
Microfinance & EnterpriseDevelopment Programme
Physica l Infrastructure &Technology Development UPAP
D. G. Khan
D. G. Khan
Rajan Pur
D. G. Khan Urban
D. G. Khan Tounsa
Rajan Pur Jampur Rojhan Muhammad Pur
Mianwal i
Khushab
Mianwali
Bhakkar
QuaidabadNoorpur ThalNoushera
Jauharabad Sargodha Shahpur Sahiwal Kot Momin Silanwali
Mianwali Piplan Kala Bagh Isa Khail
BhakkarKaloor KotMankeraDullewala
Jhang
Rahim Yar Khan
Rahim Yar KhanBahadurpurFateh PurJamal Din WaliRajan Pur KalanShehbazpurAbadpur BhundiRahimabadRukan PurChak 173/PKot SamabaSadiqabadAhmed Pur LammaKot Sabzal
C h ie f E x e c ut iv e O ffic er
TurbatBahawalpur
Bahawalnagar
Sahiwal
Pakpattan
Toba Tek Sing
Matiari
BahawalnagarHaroonabadFort Abbas
MaroteMinchinabadChishtianDahranwala
Sahiwal Chichawatni
Pakpattan Arifwala
Kamalia
Toba Tek SinghGojra
Matiari Hala Tando Allah Yar Nawabshah
Shadab Pur Sarkand
Malakand
Malakand
Swat
Mardan
Swabi
Charsadda
Mardan (urban)
ThanaDargai
KabalKhawaza Khela
ChargulliMardan (Katlang)HattianTakht BaiMardan Khas
SwabiNawan KalayLahor
CharsaddaHero ShahShab Qadar
Mardan (Bazar)Takh tbhai (Bazar)Charsadda (Bazar)Tangi (Bazar)Nowshera (Bazar)
Bat Khela (Bazar) Shab Qadar (Bazar)
AJ & K
Rawalakot
Bagh
Muzaffarabad
Kotli
RawalakotAbbaspurHajira
BaghFwd. Kahuta
Dheerkot
MuzaffarabadPatikaHatian Bala
Ath Maqam/Neelum
KotliSehensaPallandriNakyal
Khuiratta
Rawalpind i
Attock
Rawalpindi / ICT
Jhelum
Chakwal
Pind Dadan Khan
AttockFateh JangHassan AbdalJandPindi Gheb
Kotli SatianMurreeRawalpindi ICT
Goja r Khan
Jhelum DinaSohawa
ChakwalChoa Saiden ShahTalagang
Pind Dadan Khan
Monitoring E valuation& Research
Gender & Deve lopment
Socia l Sector S ervices
RWP/ IBD
Faisalabad West
Rwalpindi Cantt
Lahore WestLahore EastMultan SouthMultan NorthJhang
Zone 1
Zone 2
Faisalabad East
BOARD OF DIRE CTORS
KarachiGujaranwalaSargodhaSialkot
Faisalabad South
Bahawalpur
Khanpur/Muzafargarh
Lodhran
Vehari
Khanewal
Multan
BahawalpurYazmanHasil PurAhmed Pur East
Khairpur Tamewali
Khanpur Liaqatpur
Khan Bela
Lodhran12 MPRDunyapurKahror Pakka
VehariBurewalaGarha More
Mailsi
Jahanian Mian Channu Khanewal Kabirwala
Shujabad Jalalpur Pirwala Larr Qadir Pura
Badin
BadinGolarchiMatliTando BhagoTalharl
Badin
HyderabadHyderabadHyderabad (U)Tando Mohd. Khan
MirpurkhasMirpkhasDigri Kot Ghulam Mohd
Socia l & Human Protection
Turbat Gwadar
Panjgoor
Awaran
TurbatTajabanDasht
Pasni Lasbela Gwadar
Chitkan Gramkan Gwargo Kelkore
Awaran Geshkor Jahoo Mashkey
ThattaThatta
Sujawal Mirpur Bathoro Mirpur Sakro Chauhar Jamali Gharho Jati
Objectives, Strategy & Approach of NRSP
Objective
“To foster a countrywide network of grassroots level organizations to enable rural communities to plan, implement and manage developmental activities and programmes for the purpose of ensuring productive employment, alleviation of poverty and improvement in the quality of life.”
Strategy
“To harness peoples potential to help themselves.”
Approach
“The people need social guidance to harness their potential to:-
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Organize themselves as village level NGOs (CBOs) for pooling of resources, cutting down overheads, achieving economies of scale etc.
Identify true and genuine activists from amongst the community. It is only they who can harness the potential of the people not outsiders.
Identify and prioritize what people are willing to undertake in terms of opportunities and needs but not demands.
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Undertake feasibility of identified opportunities and needs in terms of peoples capacity, willingness, equity, sustainability, availability and requirement of resources.
Facilitate the flow of required resources to the community; and
Monitor, lobby and establish linkages between communities and other development agencies, such as government development departments, District Councils, Union Councils, donors.
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
NRSP attempts to reach 38 million poor of Pakistan by
persuading Government to allocate resources to set up
support organizations. e.g PRSP, GBDO
NRSP does not overlap or set up parallel organizations where support organizations exist. Rather it supports and strengthens such NGOs in their effort to foster a framework of village based NGOs (CBOs) or grassroots institutions
Works on a national level
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Organizational Setup
NRSP comprises:
A board of directors of volunteersA paid team of professionals and staff to act as
a
support organization to provide social guidanceA large cadre of grassroots level activists
working
voluntarily or being remunerated by the commun-
ities themselvesA framework of grassroots institutions
Steps undertaken for Social Mobilization
Compilation of Benchmark data: “Preparation of a Village Profile”
It encompasses information on:
the prevalent socio-economic and demographic trends levels of education health, infrastructure, natural resources; imports and exports of the village; and the communities’ perception on the problems of utmost
importance confronting them and past efforts to overcome them.
1
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
STEPS FOR SOCIAL MOBILIZATION
Preparation of Poverty Profile
Communities themselves classify each household in the village into five categories:
Better Off Well to do Poor Very Poor Destitute
2
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Examples of Poverty indicators used for preparation of Poverty Profiles as perceived by the communityDetails Rich Middle Poor Very Poor Destitute
Landholding >10 acres <5 acres 0 0 0
irrigated
Tractor Yes No No No No
Bank balance Upto 1 lac Does not need Needs credit Needs credit Needs credit
credit for emer-
gency needs
Livestock >10 <5 1-2 0 0
House Large & concrete Middle & concrete Small & concrete Small & concrete Small & mud
but with insufficient
accommodation
Transport Yes, car or Yes, motorbike Yes, bicycle None None
motorbike
Servants Yes No No No No
Regular income Members of Yes Shop, milkman Daily wages Zakat, occasional
households in farm worker labour
service/business
3. Formation of local NGO (CBO)“The Community Organization”
Offering of partnership to determine willingness of the community through dialogues
Discussing terms of partnership to clarify the responsibilities of the community and the support organization e.g.Communities responsibilities:
• Identification of true and genuine activists
• Regular meetings
• Savings
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
>Group of People: one from each household
>Live in Geographical Proximity
>Share Common Interests
Community Organization
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Community Organization
> Meet regularly
> Run their saving programme > Have their own bank account> Decision by absolute majority, in
general body and in written form
> Select their own office bearers
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Types of Community Organization
> Multi sector
> Special purpose organization: for projects Bonded labour, child labour
> Water Users Association
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
FORMATION STEPS
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
Preparation of Portfolio of Opportunities
Levels Plans Identified Interventions
Household Level Income Generation - Line of Credit- Training
Group Level Land Improvement - Line of CreditJoint Enterprises - TrainingCollective Supplies - Technical Assistance
and Marketing
Village Level Social Sector Needs - Engineers’ services, such as - Proposal writing, Linkages, _ Drinking Water Supply - Fund raising
_ Schemes and Sanitation _ Health & Family Planning _ Education _ Infrastructure Needs
4
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Based on Portfolio of Opportunity the following are the sectors who are providing technical support to COs
Social Organization Microfinance & Enterprise
Development Programme (MEDP) Human Resource Development Natural Resource Management Physical Infrastructure & Technology
Development Social Sector Services Gender And Development
SUSTAINABLE LOCAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
ORGANIZATIONAL WORKHARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
COs Formed 132,603
Men 68,591Women 55,043
Mix 7,498
WUAs 1,471CO Membership 1,990,585
Men 1,030,965
Women 959,620CO Savings (Rs. in million) 1,323.31
Men 1115.83
Women 207.48
Total Disbursement (Rs. In Million) 58,582.83Men 38,049.90
Women 20,532.93No. of Loans (In Million) 3.82
Men 2.31
Women 1.51Pop. Coverage 13.93
COs Formation TrendHARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11 -
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
1,666 1,806 1,392
2,644
3,654
5,440
8,960
17,575
5,932
7,547
4,264
1,074 531
1,130 1,194 1,104 1,652
2,486 3,096
11,256
17,684
9,089
Men Women
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Credit Disbursed
Amount Disbursed Loans to member # of COs Covered / Credit Groups
Rs. 58,582.83(M) 3,820,366 261,487 US$ 650.92(M) Male = 82,579
Female = 174,868
Mixed = 4,040
Agricultural Inputs – 66%
Livestock Development – 15%
Enterprise Development – 19
SIIE – 0.26%
INTRODUCING | NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Credit Disbursed (by Gender)
Credit Line Male % Female %
Agricultural Inputs 97 3 Livestock Development 46 54 Enterprise Development 34 66 Small Infrastructure as 85 15 Individual Enterprise (SIIE)
66%
15%
19% 0%
Micro Health Insurance ProgrammeHARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Total No. of Person Insured 1,778,015
Total No. of Insurance Cases 2,276,012
Total No. of Beneficiaries 3,746,890
Men 2,364,730
Women 1,382,160
Premium Collected (Rs.) 283,683,045
Total No. of Claims Received at HO 16,150
Claims Approved 13,629
Claims in Process 928
Claims Rejected 1,593
No. of Claims Reimbursed to the Clients 13,629
Amount Reimbursed (Rs.) 136,681,020
Social Mobilization - LSOsHARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Number of Districts 30
No. of LSOs 409
Total Households 1,143,995 Number of Organized Households 657,009 No. of Unorganized Households 475,824
No. of Member Organizations in LSO 34,869
No. of VDOs 3,365
No. of COs 31,504
Men 11,451
Women 17,058
Mix 2,995
LSO General Body Members 14,471
Men 6,871
Women 7,600
LSO Executive Body Members 4,756
Men 2,414
Women 2,342
No. of Paid Staff 224
Social Mobilization - LSOsHARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Amount Transferred (million) 188.32
Financial support for office cum training centers 27.71
As grant for Target Poverty Alleviation (TPAC) 22.68
As Credit Revolving Fund From NRSP (millions) 63.03
As Credit Revolving Fund from other Donors 74.90
As CIF for Credit 137.93
2002-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-110
500
1000
1500
LSOs & VSOs Trend
No. of LSOs
Human Resource Development
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Trainings Men Women Total
CMTP 87,318 193,148 280,466
NRMTP 50,223 27,403 77,626
Social Sector Training Programme (SSTP) 56,849 46,635 103,484
PITD 16,260 3,472 19,732
EDTP 1,666 1,984 3,650
Vocational Training Programme (VTP) 31,144 34,168 65,312
Occupational Training Programme (OTP) 2,237 56,521 58,758
Seminars 890 181 1,071
Refresher Courses 7,896 3,683 11,579
Activist Workshops 122,096 93,494 215,590
Subject Specialist Workshops 112,962 55,372 168,334
Appropriate Technology Training 160 0 160
Exposure Visits 3,150 4,035 7,185
Capacity Building Support to LGO 2001* 19,403 2,156 21,559
World Bank - JSDF Project 44,156 11,309 55,465
SSS Workshops 179,374 235,189 414,563
Gender & Development 282 356 638
Total Community 736,066 769,106 1,505,172
Total Staff 31,927 15,253 47,180
Grand Total 767,993 784,359 1,552,352
Activist Workshop
Activist Workshops 122,096 93,494 215,590
Refreshers 7,896 3,683 11,579
Subject Specific (NRM) 112,962 55,372 168,334
SSS Workshops 179,374 235,189 414,563
GO BACK
Male Female Total
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Community Physical Infrastructure Schemes
(*Link Roads, Culverts, Karez, Lift Irrigation Schemes, Check Dams, Street Soiling, etc)
Schemes Initiated 11,589 7,943 5,997 25,529
Beneficiary HHs 740,053 304,931 7,744 1,052,728
Drinking Water Supply 3,311 603 42 3,956
Agriculture 4,133 759 5,904 10,796
Communication 1,516 331 6 1,853
Sewerage and Drainage 1,731 229 2 1,962
Others* 898 6,021 43 6,962
Scheme Completed 10,574 7,660 5,997 24,231
Beneficiary HHs 699,171 281,077 7,744 987,992
Drinking Water Supply 3,087 569 42 3,698
Agriculture 4,000 701 5,904 10,605
Communication 1,341 189 6 1,536
Sewerage and Drainage 1,469 229 2 1,700
Others* 677 5,972 43 6,692
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Programme Inputs
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Activities Quantity H/H COsMini Dam Established 366 972 204Dug wells 1,867 2,806 1,300Drip irrigation system 63 63 38Ponds 534 1,575 321Biogas plant installed 268 268 103Energy Efficient Stoves 1,567 1,845 377Solar Geyser 160 160 57 Solar LED light units installed 972 1,436 237 Animal & Poultry Vaccinated * 4,380,585 1,213,228 50,738Saplings Planted ** 3,379,471 124,959 17,640Poultry Units 2,848,037 35,537 5,665Pest Control Medicines (Kg) 1,112,888 49,050 3,914Improved Seed Arranged *** (Kg) 6,708,723 398,812 36,487
* inputs taken by CO members/others at cost
** one poultry unit consists of 6 birds
*** Maize, Rice, Wheat, Oat, Oil Seed & Vegetables Seed)
Prime Minister’s Livestock Initiative
98 Clinics
98 Veterinary Offices
District Livestock Officers
To increase meat and milk production through capacity
building of farmers
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Natural Resource Management
Community Schools
Punjab Education Sector Reforms Project (PESRP)
Education Sector Reforms Assistance (ESRA/USAID)
Northern Education Project ( Government Schools)
Basic Health Units Pilot Project
Quality Education for All
TBAs Training
Munawar Memorial - cataract operation
TOT in basic health - homeopathic
Capacity building of LHWs DFID sponsored project
Fuel Efficient Stoves
Health camps, IEC, Sanitation weeks etc
HARNESSING PEOPLES’ POTENTIAL
Social Sector Services
NRSP As a Relief and Reconstruction Organisation
•Provided immediate relief to the earthquake affected persons in AJK – collaborated with over 20 international and local organizations
•Damage assessment and payment for over 37,000 housing units
•Community Physical Infrastrucure rehabilitation
•Livelihood and recovery projects
NRSP Beyond RSP work
• Ghazi Barotha Taraqiati Idara• Punjab Rural Support Programme• RSPNetwork• Khushhali Bank• Sindh Rural Support Organisation
NRSP as a Support Organisation for other RSPs
hPrepares concept paper/proposalhSelects sponsorshRegistrationhRecruitment and training of staffhCorporate matters for initial periodhFinancial management systems
NRSP and linkages
•Vocational training programme •NRM training programme•Model Union Council •Food department for sale of wheat•TBAs training and health camps•Local government•Khushhal Pakistan Project•Sugarcane productivity enhancement project
NRSP Thematic Working Areas Institutional Development and Advocacy • Community empowerment by establishing and nurturing the grass root level Community
Organizations • LSO & VDO formation NRSP’s: 2nd generation Social Mobilization for accelerated social
mobilisation and community empowerment • PPAF capacity building for program outreach, and NRSP-PPAF liaison for poverty
elimination. • Barani Village Development Project – strengthening NRSP’s social mobilization
expertise in the specific issues of the rain-fed areas of Punjab • Dera Ghazi Khan Rural Development Project – building NRSP’s capacity for working in
poor and remote Districts of Southern Punjab • USAID - Shore Bank, providing institutional support to NRSP Microfinance Bank. • IRM’s Higher Studies programme to provide a highly-skilled workforce to meet the RSPs’
personnel requirements • Field-testing the Poverty Scorecard, an innovation that will ensure inclusion of poorest
households in programme expansion.
Social Protection and Humanitarian Works• NRSP Housing Project for former bonded labourers in District Hyderabad: C-GAP, ILO and
Federal Ministry of Labour and Manpower • Relief and Rehabilitation Project for earthquake affected areas: NRSP and PPAF • Post Disaster Livelihoods Reconstruction for extremely vulnerable households in AJK:
NRSP and Oxfam Novib (Netherlands) • Prosthetic limbs for amputees in AJK: Jaipur Foot, Nayya Qaddam Trust and NRSP • Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour from the Glass Bangles Industry in District
Hyderabad – NRSP and ILO. • Credit innovations for destitute households in Bahwalpur Region: Goat ‘share-rearing’
programme for widows and Rohi Handlooms Project (GoPunjab)• ‘Advancing Microfinance for Post-Disaster Economic Reconstruction’ project for extremely
vulnerable households: NRSP, Shore Bank International. • ‘Support to Poor and Vulnerable Households in Inaccessible Areas Devastated by the
Earthquake’ Project: World Bank • Building community members’ capacities for seismic resistant housing reconstruction:
World Bank• Mobile MCH Service in Turbat: Government of Balochistan• ‘Poverty Scorecard’ to identify the poorest households for future programme expansion:
NRSP• Health care provision and education: UNICEF and Munawar Memorial Hospital (Chakwal) • Flood relief in Turbat and Sindh: NRSP, Rotary Club, Government of Balochistan
NRSP Thematic Working Areas
Livelihoods• Microfinance provision through NRSP’s MEDP and UPAP. • Vocational skill enhancement programme for employment generation: IRM and ILO-
TREE project. • The Prime Minister’s Special Initiative for Livestock Project. • Sustainable Livelihoods in Barani Areas Project: ADB and Government of Punjab. • Rehabilitation of Women’s Livelihoods in Marginal Areas: NRSP and IFAD • ‘Agribusiness Support Fund’ Project: NRSP and ADB • National Programme for the Improvement of Watercourse Project for improved water use
efficiency and enhanced per capita income: Government of Pakistan • Vocational and Business Management skills training programme: NRSP and Oxfam
Novib Post-Disaster Livelihood Reconstruction Project. • Land-based livelihoods improvement through DG Khan Rural Development project.
Enterprise Development for Poverty Alleviation• Enterprise Development Program: World Bank• Rohi Handlooms project, Bahawalpur: NRSP-GoPunjab project to enhance skills and
ensure links to markets• Cash grants and business management skills: NRSP-Oxfam Novib Livelihoods
Reconstruction project in AJK.
NRSP Thematic Working Areas
Education• School Council Capacity Building Project: Government of Punjab PESRP • Increasing Community Participation in Education in AJK. • Education Sector Reforms Assistance – Public Community Partnership project in
Baluchistan. • Support to Community, Non-Formal and Government Schools in Southern Punjab: PPAF
• Non-Formal education and adult literacy centers established for children in the glass
bangle industry in District Hyderabad• Revitalizing, Innovating and Strengthening Education (RISE) in AJK: USAID • Quality Education for All: NRSP, Jamal Din Wali Sugar Mills and PPAF. • Community Schools established in remote areas • Adult literacy programme – NRSP and Pakistan Educational and Research Institute.
Health and Sanitation• Preventing Malaria through social marketing of Insecticide Treated Nets• Field Health Clinic management in AJK: UNICEF • Community Health Workers Training Programme in AJK: UNICEF • Community Health Centers established: PPAF • Rehabilitation & Operation of Kario Medical Center in Badin • Establishment of a Birthing Station • Meeting Community needs for eye care in Chakwal: Munawwar Memorial Hospital • Providing Health Service at Village Branches: NRSP • Community-Led total Sanitation Project: NRSP, RSPN and NGO Integrated Rural
Support Programme • Training Traditional Birth Attendants
NRSP Thematic Working Areas
Mr. Shoaib Sultan Khan
Mr. Tariq Masud
Mr. Muhammad Azam Khan
Mr. Parvez Masood
Ms. Kishwar Naheed
Mr. Muhammad Nazar Memon
Dr. Shahida Jaffery
Mr. Jehangir Khan Tareen
Mr. Fazlullah Qureshi
Mr. Bashir Ahmed
Mr. Safdar Hussain Kazmi
Dr. Humayun Khan
Dr. Arifa Anwar
Mr. Saeed Ahmed Qureshi
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Ex-officio DirectorsSecretary Finance, Government of Pakistan
Secretary LG&RD, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad
Secretary P & D,
, Islamabad
Government of Pakistan, Islamabad
Dr. Rashid Bajwa, CEO
Thanks !