n.srikanth assistant director central council for research in ayurvedic sciences d epartment of...

N.SRIKANTH ASSISTANT DIRECTOR CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCESDEPARTMENT OF AYUSHMINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

AROMA THERAPY

IN AYURVEDACONCEPT AND THERAPEUTIC

APPLICATIONS

1

START OF PROCESS

Natural products

Botanical

Animal

Mineral

origins from India have initiated the scientific quest of Drugs since antiquity.

2

START OF PROCESSEVOLUTION OF INDIAN PHARMACOPEIA

3

Period Plants Remarks on changes Literature

3000 BC -1000 BC

289 Building a Pharmacopoea (Atharvaveda)

Vedic texts

1500 BC - 500 AD

650 Incorporation / discarding drugs

Ayurvedic Texts •Charaka Samhita •Sushrut Samhita •Astanga Samgraha

500 AD- 1900 AD

2000 Incorporation / discarding drugsVarieties identifiedSubstitutes identifiedExpansion in applications

16 major Nighantus(like Dhanvantari Bhavprakasha, Raja upto Shaligram)

India is having the world’s richest flora, comprising of about 120 families of plants,

comprising

1,30,000 species. Ayurvedic texts cover about 2400 species of plants with their medicinal uses as described

by ancient Indian medical scholars. 10,000 herbs are used worldwide for medicinal purposes

Susruta’s Approach: Reverse Pharmacology

Test intervention (Tallingatwat)

Feasibility; observational design (Dristhaphalatwat)

System validation (Agamaatsya)

4

ROOTS OF CLINICAL EXPERIMENTATION AND

DRUG TRIALS

ROOTS OF CLINICAL EXPERIMENTATION AND

DRUG TRIALS

Charaka’s Approach: Meticulous design & Emphasis on Reproducibility Feasible ideology / Hypothesis (Budhi psyathi ya bhavaan) Multi dimensional approach in planning &

assessment (Bahu karana yogajaan) Appropriate design (Yukti-Yogna) Perpetually valid outcome and reproducibility

(Yuktih trikalah)

5

START OF PROCESS

Some of the Ayurvedic plants Interesting leads for drug discovery

Structural modifications of active principles leading to a cascade of new “chemical” drugs

In global use and pharmacology research

6

PHYTO CHEMICAL CLASS

7

Source: Ehrman et al, J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47(2):254-263

MARKET POTENTIAL

Market comprising of Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha & Homoeopathic medicine is around US $ 1.5 billion Rs 8800 Crore.

Approximate share of Ayurvedic formulations is 84% (Homeopathy 14%, Unani 2% and Siddha less than 1%.)

8

USE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

9

CHINA 40%CHILE 71%COLUMBIA 40%INDIA 80-90%*AUSTRALIA 48%BELGIUM 70%CANADA 70%FRANCE 49%USA 42%UK 70%NORTH IRELAND 90%

*Status and Role of AYUSH and Local Health Traditions Under National Rural Health Mission- Report of a Study; National Health Systems Resource Centre, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India New Delhi; 2010 WHO traditional medicine strategy 2002-2005. Document WHO/EDM/TRM/2002.

AROMA THERAPY

AROMA indicates Fragrance & therapy denotes treatment.

The therapy in which Aromatic material is used called Aromatherapy.

10

FOUR MAJOR AREAS OF APPLICATIONS

11

SNo. Areas Details

1 Aesthetic Role in beauty and skin care

2 Psychological Effects on moods /feelings

3 Holistic Body mind and sprit integration

4 Medical Maintenance of homoeostasis

AROMA THERAPY – HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

12

SNo. Details Period

1 Vedic period 3000 BC.

2 Ayurveda samhitas 1500 BC - 500 AD3 Egyptian papyri 1555 BC

4 Shine medical book 2700 BC.5 Avicenna(Arabia) 980 AD-1037AD

6. 16 major Nighantus(like Dhanvantari Bhavprakasha, Raja upto Shaligram)

500 AD- 1900 AD

AROMA THERAPY - HISTORICAL OUTLOOK

Antiquity of use of medicinal and aromatic plants, poly herbal, mineral based formulations for therapeutic and cosmetic purpose goes back to the Vedic period

Vedic literatures recount about

Nutritive

Immune enhancing

actions attributed to aromatic properties

13

‘Sugandhim Pustivardhanam’

A mention of importance of cosmetics is highlighted in Mantras and descriptions on gods and goddesses.

Number of Aromatic plants/ preparations have been in use for

Psychosomatic disorders

As antimicrobial agents

As antiseptics

14AROMA THERAPY -

HISTORICAL OUTLOOK


Description of medicinal and cosmetic utility plants viz Kustha (Sassurea lappa) Chandana (Santalam album) Kumkum (Crocus sativus)

can be traced from oldest Indian literatures like Upanishads, epics, etc.

Many cosmetics are described which are aromatic in nature.

15

16

Lord Dhanvantari the God of Ayurveda is the Incarnation of Lord Vishnu.

Their description denotes the importance and uses of Aromatic material like Kasturi Tilakam Chandan Lepanam etc.

Gandhamadan, a mountain named after so, harboring ample fragrant plants (Ramayan, Vagbhata)


17 AROMA THERAPY - HISTORICAL OUTLOOK

ANTI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY

18AROMA THERAPY -

HISTORICAL OUTLOOK


19AROMA THERAPY -

HISTORICAL OUTLOOK

20



21 AROMA THERAPY - HISTORICAL OUTLOOK

CONCEPT OF AROMA IN AYURVEDA

Aroma - as an integral component of Prithvi Mahabhuta attributed with Gandha Guna (fragrance)

Categorized as Surabhi (compatible ) Asurabhi(incompatible)

Therapeutic Value:A number of aromatic plant, animal & mineral sources attributed with medicinal value.

Relevance in Anatomical applications (Phana Marma)

22

CONCEPT….

Specific pharmaceutical dosage forms to retain the aroma of the drugs. (Arka, Hima, Phanta etc.)

Numerous pharmaceutical & clinical applications

Special routes of administration of dosage forms pertaining to aromatic properties

Personal, Social & Environmental Hygiene and preventive health care

23

APPLICATIONS OF AROMA THERAPY IN AYURVEDA

Ayurvedic literatures mention the following wide-ranging applications of Aroma in Health Care System: Preventive health Environmental Health Public health Pharmaceuticals Therapeutics

24

APPLICATIONS IN PREVENTIVE HEALTH

Utility of garlands enriched with aromatic flowers as a part of daily regime (Ch. Su. 5/96)

Inhaling flavors/fumes of aromatic medicinal plants as a daily regime

Prescribed to stay in gardens having aromatic flowers in summer seasons as a part of seasonal regime

Fumigation of clothing with aromatic plants/products

Avoidance of exposure to excessive/improper smells/flavors

25

APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL &

PUBLIC HEALTH

Purification of water with aromatic herbs

Fumigating the environment with aromatic plants/products to prevent epidemics/infectious diseases

Sterilizing the labour rooms, Pediatric wards & OTs with antimicrobial aromatic plants (Dashang Dhoopa)

26

APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICS

Evolution of specialized dosage forms for aromatic herbs to retain their medicinal properties (Arka etc.)

Fumigating the containers with aromatic plants/products to prevent contamination & infestations

Sterilizing the Drug store rooms, with Anti-microbial aromatic plants

Determining the pharmaceutical specifications/end-points of manufacturing processes of various dosage forms (Avaleha & medicated oil/ghee etc)

27

APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACEUTICS

Addition of aromatic excipients/Treatment of distillates of aromatic medicinal herbs according to targeted indications (Arka)

- For Vata Disorders : Guggulu

- For Pitta Disorders : Chandana

- For Kapha Disorders : Jatamamsi Use of aromatic excipients for patients’

compliance/acceptability

Treating the oils with aromatic plants/products before utilizing them for manufacture (taila and ghrita murchana)

28

APPLICATIONS IN THERAPEUTICS

Fumigation for wound-healing

Fumigation to prevent & manage infectious & contagious diseases

Induction of emesis (Madanaphala-Lotus)

Aphrodisiac agents

29

Nardostachys jatamansi

Nasal Administration of certain medicaments

Management of headache

Management of psychotic disorders to restore the consciousness

e.g. Restoring consciousness of Lakshman is an example of application of aromatic nasal medicaments as narrated in Ramayana.

30

APPLICATIONS IN THERAPEUTICS

31

SOME AYURVEDIC AROMATIC MEDICINAL

PLANTS

32

Aromatic Plant Therapeutic Indication

Karpoora (Cinnamomum camphora)

Ophthalmic Use , Obesity

Kasturi(Moschus moschiferus)

Eye, Perfumes

Chandana (Santalum album)

Cardiac tonic, Cosmetic

Aguru (Aquaria agalocha) Eye and Ear Diseases

Kunkuma (Crocus sativus) Hiccough, headache, Wound healing, Cosmetic purposes

Jatiphala (Mysterica fragrans)

Throat problems, Anti-infective, cough, cold

SOME AYURVEDIC AROMATIC MEDICINAL PLANTS

33


Jatipatri (Mysterica fragrans) Anti-toxic, Anti-infective

Lavanga (Syzigium aromaticum)

Eye diseases, Cardiac tonic

Ela (Elatorum cardamomum) Anti-toxic, Respiratory disorders, cardiac & urinary disorders

Tamalapatra (Cinnamonum tamala)

Anti-toxic, Respiratory disorders, cardiac & urinary disorders

Twak(Syzigium zeylanicum) Anti-toxic, Respiratory disorders, cardiac & urinary disorders

Nagakeshara (Mesua feria) Perfume, Skin diseases,


34


Talisapatra(Abbies webiana)

Respiratory Diseases, Arthritis,

Jatamansi (Nordostachys jatamamsi)

Blood purifier, Skin disorders

Usheera(Vetivaria zizanoides)

Skin diseases, Wound healing, Urinary problems,

Guggulu(Commiphora mukul)

Wound healing, Obesity, Arthritis, Skin diseases

Shathi (Curcuma zedoria) Skin diseases, Blood purifier

Tagara(Valleriana wallichi) Anti-infective, Anti-toxic, eye diseases


35


Padma (Nulimbo nucifera)

Blood Purifier, Anti-toxic, skin diseases

Jati (Jasminum humile) Wound healing, Dental problems, Blood purifier

Champaka (Michelia champa)

Urinary disorders, blood purifier

Tulasi(Ocimum sanctum) Skin diseases, Urinary disorders, Blood purifier, Anti-infective


36THERAPEUTIC VALUES

OF ESSENTIAL OILS

THERAPEUTIC VALUES OF ESSENTIAL OILS

37

Arka prakasha, ancient book on Ayurveda contributed by Ravana has elaborated the importance of

- therapeutic utility of essential oils

-pharmaceutical SOPs for preparations of distillates from aromatic plants for topical and internal use.

ROLE OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN AROMA THERAPY 38

Skin health care

Emotional care(Relieving stress)

Respiratory diseases

Muscular pain

Digestive disorders

Anti-inflammatory

Hormonal balance

ROLE OF AROMA……39

Aroma therapy may acts as: An add on or adjuvant therapy with

conventional medicine

Supports emotionally during main therapy

CLASSIFICATION OF AROMATIC DRUGS

Aromatic Drugs may be Organic or Inorganic

Organic –Animal Origin

Musk

Ambar (Dried Intestinal material of whale)

Inorganic

Clay from specific places like Padmaj Panka.

(Mud surrounding Lotus).

Multani Mitti

40

HERBAL & OTHER MATERIAL41

Pandanus odorotissinus – ketaki

Jasminum officinale – Jati

Rosa centifolia – Taruni

Cinnamomum – Dalchini

Cummin Seeds – Jiram

Alpinia galanga – Kulinjan’

42

• Cyperus Rotundus – Nut grass• Curcuma longa – Haldi• Sussurea lappa – kushtha• Nelumbo nucifera –Sacred

lotus• Santalum Album –

Sandlewood• Citrus medica – Matulunga• Aqualaria agollocha – Agaru• Crocus sativus – Kesar

HERBAL & OTHER MATERIAL

43

Curcuma longa

44

• Pterocarpus santalum – Red Sandal

• Butea monosperma – Palash

• Nymphaea stellata – Nilkamal

• Zingiber officinale - Dry ginger

• Cidrus Deodara – Deodar

• Michelia chapaca – Champa


45

• Vetivera zizanioidis – Ushira

• Shorea robusta - Sarjarasa (Ral)

• Piper longum – Pippali

• Piper nigrum – Maricha

• Madhuca indica – Mahuva

• Cinnamonum tamala - Tejpatra


46

• Mesua ferrea – Nagkesar

• Callicarpa macrophylla – Priyangu

• Psoralia corylifolia – Bakuchi

• Feronia limonia – Kapittha patra

• Nardostachys jatamansi – Jatamansi

• Anethumsova – Shatpushpa

• Ellettaria cardamonum – Ela

• Parmelia perlata – stone flowers

(clove)


47

Nardostachys jatamansi

Mesua ferrea

AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS

CONTAINING AROMATIC HERBS

Most of the above class drugs are described in many diseases

But their main use is in

Respiratory

Cardiac

Aphrodisiac

Cosmetic &

Oral preparations

48

RESPIRATORY AROMATIC PREPARATIONS49

• Karpurasava

• Trijatakvati

• Tulsi tailam,

• Jivandhara inhalation

CARDIAC AROMATIC PREPARATIONS

50

• Cinnamonum camphora Preparations

• Kasturibhairav Rasa,

• Kasturibhushan rasa

• Brihat Drakshasava

• Vidari Ghritam

• Kesharadivati

• Chaturbhujrasa

AROMATIC ORAL & DENTAL PREPARATIONS

MOUTH FRESHENER/ PASTE/POWDERS

51

• Krishnadi chuarnam

• Jatipatradi churnam

• Dantarogashani churnam

• Pathadhy churnam

• Beejpur yoga

• Mundyadi churnam

• Kushthadi yoga

• Sarivapatra churnam

FACIAL COMPLEXION ENHANCER

52

52

• Sharpunkhadi lepa

• Jatiphal lepa

• Lodhradi lepa

• Sarshapadi lepa

• Vatpatradi lepa

• Kunkumadi Lepa

• Vatadi Lepa

• Haritaladi Lepa

• Yavadi Lepa

• Ankolabijadi Lepa

• Jatiphaldi Lepa

• Chandanadi Lepa

• Aaranya tulsi Lepa

53 FACIAL COMPLEXION ENHANCER

HAIR CARE AROMATIC PREPARATIONS

56

• Gokshuradi lepa

• Nilopalodyo lepa

• Bhringadilepa

• Mansyadi lepa

• Ayorajadi lepa

• Madhukadi lepa

• Marsdenia tenacissima

• Marichadi lepa

• Yashtyadi lepa

• Karanjali tailam

• Ral tailam

• Vachadi tailam

• Madan tailam

• Padmabijadi

Yoga

• Eladilepa

• Karvirlepa

• Karpuradilepa

• Bhallatakadi

lepa

• Marichadi lepa

• Vajravallilepa

• Shunthyadi lepa

• Marichadi lepa

• Vajravalli lepa

• Shunthyadi lepa

• Manhashivadi

lepa

• Maharastripadi

lepa

HAIR CARE AROMATIC PREPARATIONS

AROMATIC PREPARATIONSIN SEXUAL DISORDERS

58

• Paninashak tailam

• Rativallabhakhya tailam

• Brahad bringaraj tailam

• Mahamasha tailam

• Gadhikaran yoga

• Gadhikaran lepa

• Sthulikaran lepa

• Ashvagandhaditailam

• Alambushadya tailam

• Karisadya tailam

• Ajaypal tailam

• Palashbij tailam

AROMATIC PREPARATIONS –

METHODS AND FORMS

59

BathAdd 5-6 drops of E.O. to almond base oil

and add to your bath water. Hand & Foot bath

Add 2-3 drops of E.O. to 5 ml. Pure almond oil/milk. Mix this with 200 ml. Warm water

in a bowel and soak your hand or feet for 15-20 minutes. Massage Select any E.O. as per the condition add 5 to 20

ml. of almond oil and use for massage, this is beneficial for massage of scalp and face but for other parts or whole body massage use ginger or coconut oil mixed with E.O.

AROMATIC PREPARATIONS – METHODS AND FORMS 60

MassageSelect any E.O. as per the condition add 5 to 20 ml. of almond oil and use for massage, this is beneficial for massage of scalp and face but for other parts or whole body massage use ginger or coconut oil mixed with E.O.VaporisersAdd 6-10 drops of selected E.O. to warm water in oil burner and light it, the generated vapors will give desired effects.

61

InhalationsAdd 2-3 drops of E.O. to a bowl of boiling water, cover your head and the bowl with towel, the vaporized steam will act through respiration.InfusionsUsed for delicate aromatic herbs, leaves, flowers etc. Preparing an infusion is like making a cup of tea. The boiled water poured over an herb or mixture of herbs, it is covered to 10 to 15 minutes and then can be consuming.DecoctionsThis is used for tougher and more fibrous plant material. Instead of steeping in hot water, the plant material is boiled for a longer time to soften the hard woody material and release active constituents.

AROMATIC PREPARATIONS – METHODS AND FORMS

62

TincturesA tincture is an alcohol and water extract used when the plants active chemicals are not very soluble in water. The shelf-life of tinctures is more.

Macerations

Dried aromatic plant material is covered in cool

water and soaked overnight. The herb strained oil

and the liquid is taken.

Poultices and compresses

To relieve local pain or overcome poultices and

compresses are used.

AROMATIC PREPARATIONS – METHODS AND FORMS

AROMATIC MATERIAL &

THERAPEUTIC USES

63

Aromatic Material

Therapeutic Uses

Tulsi Respiratory problemsMental fatigue and poor memoryUseful in spastic muscleRelives mental tension

Bergamot

it is very much useful it contains more them 300 chemical constituents Acne, boils, cold sores, eczema, insect bitespsoriasis, insect repellent, scabies, wound, ulcers, sore throatDepression refreshing mind

Birch

Muscle and joint painIncrease awareness in the sensory system

Clove

Useful in respiratory disordersToothachesImproves oral hygiene

64

Coriander Anti-inflammatoryMild sedative action

Cypress

Anti-inflammatoryHeals emotionsUrinary diseases

Davana

Skin smootherEndocrine stimulator and improverHormonal balanceAnti-bacterial

Dill

BronchitisHepato-protectiveSupports pancreatic function

Eucalyptus

Health promoterBronchitis, coldOral hygieneEuphoric

AROMATIC MATERIAL &

THERAPEUTIC USES

65

Corupe front

Digestive disordersObesityRelieves negativity

Helicrysum Tissue regenerativeAnalgesicSkin careEuphoric

Hyssop

Anti-inflammatoryAnti-viralMucolytic and expectorantAnti-parasiticScat softeningAnti-bacterial

Jasmine

Skin careFrigidityDepressionMyalgiaEnhances optimismEuphonic

AROMATIC MATERIAL &

THERAPEUTIC USES

66

Lavender

Burns, rash, psoriasisInsomniaPMS

Fennel

Relieves PMS and menopausal symptomsFeels well beingDetoxification

Fir

ArthritisBronchitisAnti-infective

Frankincense Used since time of Lord Christa Helps in meditation and spiritual awareness

Galbanum

Anti-viralSupports body strength

AROMATIC MATERIAL &

THERAPEUTIC USES

67

Ginger ArthritisMyalgiaCongestionBronchitisIndigestionMotion sicknessNauseaAnti-inflammatoryLymphatic oesema

Geranium

Regenerate tissue and nervesSkin careBalancing hormonesRelease negative memories

Lemon

Digestive problemsAir purifierFeels energetic

Lemon Grass

Digestive problemsRegenerate connective tissueCreates awareness

AROMATIC MATERIAL &

THERAPEUTIC USES

AROMATIC MATERIAL &

THERAPEUTIC USES

68

Myrrh

Skin careBronchitisOral hygieneDigestive problems

Nutmeg

Analgesic nausea anti-infectiveOvercome frigidity andRelieves nervous fatigue

Orange

StomatitisDyspepsiaColdEmotional support

Patchouli

Anti-rinkleRelease anxietyAphrodisiac

Pipper

Stimulates endocrine systemMucolytic and expectorant ArthritisIncreases cellular oxygenation

Peppermint Nausea, vomitingPhyarangitisOral hygiene

Rose

DetoxicatingBrings body-mind balanceAnti-haemorrhagicPrevention scarringBronchitisAnti-urinkleCreating sense of well-being

Sandalwood

Similar to frankincense helps in meditation. Burning micturationRemoves negative thinking

Thyme

Supports immune systemOvercome physical weaknessDigestive disorders

White Lotus

Spiritual and emotional supportSupports immune systemAnti-cancerEuphoricPious feeling

69

AROMATIC MATERIAL &

THERAPEUTIC USES

Chemical Compounds of Essential Oils

Therapeutic Properties

Aldehydes

Releasing, calming and sedative, Anti-inflammatory Anti-septic, Anti-microbial

Phenols Highly anti-septic and anti-microbial Stimulating immune system

Sesquiterpenol Mood balancing, Anti-inflammatory Immune system enhancer

Ketones

Mind relaxer, Mucolytic and expectorant supporting respiratory system, Stimulates cell regeneration

Esters Mind relaxer, Anti-spasmodic, Anti-fungalAlcohol Anti-bacterial, Anti-viralMonoterpenes

Detoxifying, Diuretic, Anti-septic, Anti-viral, Anti-inflammatory Analgesic, Anti-spasmodic, Immunity stimulator

Azulene Anti-histaminic, Highly anti-inflammatory, Promoting healing

Bisabolol Is the strongest sesquifterpene, Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, Anti-inflammatory

70

AROMATIC MATERIAL &

THERAPEUTIC USES

71

Chemical Compounds of Essential Oils

Therapeutic Properties

AldehydesReleasing, calming and sedative, Anti-inflammatory Anti-septic, Anti-microbial

Phenols Highly anti-septic and anti-microbial Stimulating immune system

Sesquiterpenol

Mood balancing, Anti-inflammatory Immune system enhancer

Ketones

Mind relaxer, Mucolytic and expectorant supporting respiratory system, Stimulates cell regeneration

Esters Mind relaxer, Anti-spasmodic, Anti-fungalAlcohol Anti-bacterial, Anti-viralMonoterpenes

Detoxifying, Diuretic, Anti-septic, Anti-viral, Anti-inflammatory Analgesic, Anti-spasmodic, Immunity stimulator

Azulene Anti-histaminic, Highly anti-inflammatory, Promoting healing

MAJOR CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOUND IN ESSENTIAL O ILS AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES

BisabololIs the strongest sesquifterpene, Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, Anti-inflammatory

Flavonoids

This group of compound is thoroughly researched and found Immunity enhancer, Anti-cancer, Preventing cardio-vascular disorders, Improves circulation, Maintains healthy status

Farnesol Highly anti-inflammatory, Anti-bacterial

FarnesenceHighly anti-viral

LimoneneHighly anti-viral

Terpene alcohols

Highly anti-bacterial, Immunity enhancer

Terpene hydrocarbons

Highly anti-viral

ThujoneMucolytic and expectorant, Immunity enhancer

72 MAJOR CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOUND IN ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES

SAFETY INFORMATION PERTAINING TO ESSENTIAL

OILS73

• Essential oils are powerful• Highly concentrated oils can be

harmful if misused.• In general not to use undiluted

essential oils on skin.• Some E.O. can cause adverse

reactions, better to do a skin patch test prior to use for the first time.

• Place a drop of the diluted E.O. on the inside of elbow, apply and bandage and wait for 24 hours to observe any reaction.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Irritation-rashes, mild itching, burning. Vanishes if oil is discontinued

Sensitization: More serious then irritation can cause charges into immune by stem. If used body repeatedly then the body shows sensitization in the form of rashes, allergic reaction, itching etc.

Photo sensitization – Photo toxicity

74

ADVERSE REACTIONS

• E.O. causes a reaction to ultraviolet light. Reaction may be in the form of brown blotches to burning of the skin.

• The condition may persists for a longer period and may reoccur if exposed to ultraviolet light again.

• In pregnant condition Birch and winter green E.O. should be avoided as they are readily absorbed by the skin causing irritation.

• In epileptic patients the strong odour E.O. should be avoided as they may initiate an epileptic attack.

eg.Camphor, Fennel, Rosmary etc.

75

SOME OF THE E.O. SHOULD BE USED CAUTIOUSLY

76

E.O. causing Sensitization

• Balasm• Benzoin resinod and oil• Cinnamon bark oil• Inula graveolens• Rue oil• Verbena

E.O. causing photo sensitization

• Rue oil• Bergamot oil

E.O. with toxic action:• Wosmseed

(chenopodium)• Tausy oil

E.O. with carcinoglenic action:

• Calamus• Sassafoas

HOW AROMA WORKS: AYURVEDIC AND

CONTEMPORARY UNDERSTANDING

83

• Affects body’s physiological system like digestive, respiratory etc. directly or indirectly peppermint, ginger, sandalwood etc.

• On skin – vasodilatation – producing warming effect.

• Through olfactory route effects brain, sending electrica messages directly into the limbic system resulting impacts on memory, learning, emotions, thinking and feeling etc. most of the scents calm the nervous system, uplift spirits, creates euphoria or sedation etc.

HOW AROMA WORKS

Mainly Aroma works through the sense of olfaction

Olfactory sense is highly developed in some mammals like dog, rabbits, etc. called Macro-somative

but in man it is not well developed called micro-somative.

The sense of smell contributes greatly to the joy of life.

84

NASAL ROUTE ……..85

MARMAS –ITS ROLE

86 PHANA MARMA SRINGATAKA MARMA

87T H E L I M B I C A R EA I S R ES P O N S I B L E F O R E M OT I O N S ,

P L EA S U R E , M E M O RY, H O R M O N A L BA L A N C E , F EA R , E TC

Scope And Limitations of Aroma Therapy88

only Aroma therapy may not be a cure for all

it may not a complete therapy

It may be supplemented to other therapies

As add-on

Adjunct

to conventional therapies

Thank you

89

n.srikanth assistant director central council for research in ayurvedic sciences d epartment of...

Documents

aroma therapy aroma

ayurvedic texts cover

changesliterature3000

fragrance therapy

major areas of applications

drug trials charakas

pharmacology research

species of plants