nuclear does not support cures sustainable development … · sustainable development in south...

NUCLEAR DOES NOT SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA


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CURES

Citizens United for Renewable

Energy and Sustainability

www.cures-network.org



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Citizens United for Renewable Energy and Sustainability

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•Poverty eradication•Energy access•Gender equity

•Clean non polluting energy•Affordable energy

•Avoid climate change



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Sustainable biofuels could help us get there

Good energy balances

Water efficientLimited impacts on the ecology

Grown by local people for local peopleHave no impact on food security either

locally or nationally

Contribute to local self sufficiency and upliftment



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Examples of what can support sustainable biofuels

•Perennial crops•Small scale systems•Alternatives – algae•Part of the total household needs•Use small scale equipment that is cheap to purchase•Local people can make it themselves with minimum input•Capital grants to support small scale farmers•Infrastructure•Limits, regulations, certification



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What is happening in Southern Africa

Malawi – 2 ethanol plants 20 ml/yrSwaziland – land planted to jatrophaZambia – looking at biofuels/jatropha

Namibia – decided to go with JatrophaMauritius – excellent examples of algae

South Africa – draft strategy focuses on maize, sugar cane, soya and canola , some small

scale used oil to biodiesel, some pilot projects, many plants being built



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What do the reports say?



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Potential



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SA Draft National Biofuels Strategy

ProcessCabinet 2005 approved development of an

industrial StrategyIntergovernmental task team appointedDME, DWAF, DTI, DoA, DSTCEF appointed to overseeDrafted 120 page document that coveredvarious aspects – very comprehensiveDrafted the strategy 2006



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WHAT DOES IT SAY?

Focuses on traditional bioenergy crops, maize, soya, sugar cane

Has an industrial focusFocuses on how to provide subsidies

for large industrial biofuel producers

Small scale farmers mentioned only in terms of how they help provide

more energy cropsUnclear about overall objectives –

trade? Local use?States that the proposed target of E10

and B2 can be achieved on the basis of surplus crops



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Examples of what we want

• Perennial crops• Small scale systems• Alternatives – algae• Part of the total household needs• Use small scale equipment that is

cheap to purchase• Local people can make it

themselves with minimum input• Capital grants to support small

scale farmers• Infrastucture• Limits, regulations, certification



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Concerns

Drought means no maize surplus this year

Projected 7.7 mt 2007(11 mt 2005)

Global maize and sugar prices up, local prices also up, driven

by global biofuels market

CPI for the poor



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What we DON’T want

• annual crops• Ethanol from maize• Subsidies for fuel grown from crops using

industrial agricultural processes• Land grabs• Trade• monocropping• GMOs• Massive food programme type projects• Eco and biodiversity impacts

Small scale farmers and small biofuel producers and sustainable agriculture do

not benefit from the draft government strategy



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Versa track – made in china

Mechanised Farming

Pumping & Irrigation

Transportation

Rock Crushing

Brick MakingWelding

Generators

Courtesy of African alternative energy



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Case studies

Logistics Company – Pinetown, Durban

•Fleet of trucks running on biodiesel blend•Biodiesel produced and blended on site to B50•Feedstock is old cooking oil•Trucks are monitored during services



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Case studies

Organic Farm – Ficksburg

•Seed pressing and 300 litre per day Biodiesel production•Dedicated planting of sunflower for fuel requirements•Fields ploughed during fuel shortage December 2005

•Fleet of farming, transport & personal vehicles running on B100

•Integrated into farming operations



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Case studies

Background: Background: Background: Background:

Augur & Cake in Augur & Cake in Augur & Cake in Augur & Cake in

bagsbagsbagsbags

Locally Manufactured - Soya Pressing Operation – Free State

Dedicated soya planting and oil processing 75 000 litres per month Fresh cake supplied to local farmers for animal feedSoya planted in rotation with maize alternate yearsYields have shown considerable increase with reduced inputsFarming costs reduced by use of bio-diesel



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Implementation challenges

Governments departments do not talk to small and alternative producers

Legislation not friendly for autonomous bio-fuel producers, favours centralised large scale

Legislation does not make provision for independent SME fuel blenders

Automotive industry ignores call for extended warranties to bio-fuel blends for engines

Institutional issues Skills at all levelsLack of African models for bio-fuel productionCapacity building of the small scale farmersFunding and investment of both pilot projects and

managementDiffering agendas



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Jatropha Curcas



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The moringa tree



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Ximenia caffra



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Sugar cane in SA

50,000 growers,

47,000 small scale 25% Production

3,000 commercial 75% Production



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Sugar cane in SA/SADC

SADC

905.9mha

45.2mha

0.619mha

44.7 mt

72.1 t/ha

South Africa

121.4mha

14.8mha

0,325 mha

23 mt

62.6t/ha

Total land

Arable Land

Sugar cane area

Production

Average yield

Adapted from Brazil:Uk:Africa scoping study for the potential for bioethanol partnerships



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Algae

De Beers

ZERI integrated Farming System

•Chlorella algae

•500m2 algae yields 12Tonnes wet algae/yr

•Fiji

•Establishing in Mauritius – production to begin Jan ’07

•Small pilot projects in SA



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Concerns - summary

Food for fuel – crop switching

Trade driving production

Small scale farmers unknowingly entering contracts that make them poorer

Loss of livelihoods/subsistence

Centralised approach



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It cannot be about producing fuel for cars in the developed world



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Annie Sugrue

[email protected]

Tel: 0828955101

nuclear does not support cures sustainable development … · sustainable development in south...

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