nuclear theory & the new standard model: neutrinos & fundamental symmetries in the next...

Nuclear Theory & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade

Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Newport News 2007

Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics

Solar s & the neutrino revolution

The next decade presents NP with a unique opportunity to discover key ingredients of the “new Standard Model”

Theory leadership is essential to realizing this opportunity

2007 Long Range Plan

New Standard Model Initiative

High potential for major discoveries and new insights

We recommend a targeted program of experiments to investigate neutrino properties and fundamental symmetries. These experiments aim to discover the nature of the neutrino, yet unseen violations of time-reversal symmetry, and other key ingredients of the new standard model of fundamental interactions. Construction of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory is vital to U.S. leadership in core aspects of this initiative.

Opportunity: Unique role for low energy studies in the LHC era

Two frontiers in the search for new physics

Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ)

High energy physics

Particle, nuclear & atomic physics

CERN

Ultra cold neutronsLarge Hadron Collider

Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision

(and beyond!)

Scientific Questions

• What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? decay, 13, decay,…

• Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, , 13 …

• What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, g-2,…

• Interpreting Experimental Results

Refined computations of St’d Model predictions, strong interaction

effects, & many-body contributions

Comprehensive & systematic calculations of possible effects in candidate

scenarios for the new standard model

• Guiding Development of Exp’tl Program

Identifying appropriate combinations of measurements, suitable

“kinematics”, and relevant level of precision

• Delineating Broader Implications

Placing in context of high energy collider & cosmological studies &

identifying unique info provided by nuclear studies

Vital Role for Nuclear Theory

• The Nature of the Neutrino

-decay• The Origin of Baryonic Matter

EDM• Other Key Ingredients: Precision

Program

Neutrino mass & mixing, PVES, weak decays, g-2…

Theoretical Progress & Challenges

The Origin of Matter & Energy

Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)

Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?

Cosmic Energy Budget

?

Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?

Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of the baryonic component

Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP-violation in neutrinos

Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs

-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?

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e−

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A Z,N( )

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A Z − 2,N + 2( )0.1

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100

1000

Effective

( )Mass meV

12 3 4 5 6 7

12 3 4 5 6 7

12 3 4 5 6 7

1 ( )Minimum Neutrino Mass meV

U1e = .866 δm2

sol = 7 meV

2

U2e = .5 δm2

atm = 2 meV

2

U 3e =

Inverted

Normal

Degenerate

Dirac Majorana

-decayLong baseline

?

?

Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism

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Dirac Majorana


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χ 0

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˜ e −€

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M

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W −

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d

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d

Light M exchange: can we determine m

Shell Model vs. QRPA

Configs near Fermi surface

Levels above Fermi surface

Vogel et al: reduce QRPA spread by calibrating gPP to T2


Dirac Majorana


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˜ e −€

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Mechanism: does light M exchange dominate ?

How to calc effects reliably ? How to disentangle H & L ?

O(1) for ~ TeV

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N

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Prezeau et al: EFT

Does operator power counting suffice?

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ˆ O 0νββL


0.1

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1000

Effective

( )Mass meV

12 3 4 5 6 7

12 3 4 5 6 7

12 3 4 5 6 7


U1e = .866 δm2

sol = 7 meV

2

U2e = .5 δm2

atm = 2 meV

2

U 3e =

Inverted

Normal

Degenerate

Dirac Majorana


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If the existence of the decay is established:

• What mechanism?

• Which additional isotopes ?

EDMs: New CPV?

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Electron

Improvements of 102 to 103

Neutron

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Neutral Atoms

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Deuteron€

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QCD

QCD

QCD

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+L

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p

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Nuclear Schiff Moment

Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms

Neutron EDM from LQCD:

Two approaches:

• Expand in & average over topological sectors (Blum et al, Shintani et al)

• Compute E for spin up/down nucleon in background E field (Shintani et al)

mN=2.2 GeV

QCD SR (Pospelov et al)

Hadronic couplings

Pospelov et al:

PCAC + had models & QCD SR

ChPT for dn: van Kolck et al

EDMs & Schiff Moments

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One-loop

EDM: q, l, n… Chromo-EDM: q, n…€

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Dominant in nuclei & atoms

Engel & de Jesus: Reduced isoscalar sensitivity ( QCD )

Schiff Moment in 199Hg Nuclear & hadron structure !

Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator

+ …

New nuclear calc’s needed !

Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics

Weak Scale Baryogenesis

• B violation

• C & CP violation

• Nonequilibrium dynamics

Sakharov, 1967

?

ϕ new

?

φ(x)

Unbroken phase

Broken phaseCP Violation

Topological transitions

1st order phase transition

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e -?

ψnew

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ϕ new

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ϕ new

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ϕ• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?

Quantum Transport

CPV

Chem Eq

R-M et al

• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?

Theoretical Issues:Strength of phase transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics (numerical)Transport at phase boundary (non-eq QFT)EDMs: many-body physics & QCD

Systematic baryogenesis: SD equations + power counting

Veff (ϕ,T): Requirements on Higgs sector extensions & expt’l probes

Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders

baryogenesis

Present de

LEP II excl

LHC reach

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Prospective dn

Ongoing theory for baryon asymmetry (R-M et al):

• Refined quantum transport calc’s of CPV asymmetries during EW phase transition

• Bubble dynamics

• Application to models of new CPV

• Complementarity with LHC

Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M

Precision Probes of New Symmetries

Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)

Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?

New Symmetries

1. Origin of Matter2. Unification & gravity

3. Weak scale stability4. Neutrinos

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Nuclei & Charged Leptons

PV Electron ScatteringQuickTime™ and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Weak DecaysQuickTime™ and a




• n decay correlations

• nuclear decay

• pion decays

• muon decays

• Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller• PV DIS

Muons



• g-2

• A!eA

Essential Role for Theory

• Precise SM predictions (QCD)

• Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC

Nuclei & Charged Leptons I




Muons



• g-2

• A!eA




• Substantially reduced QCD uncertainty in sin2W running

• QCD uncertainties in ep box graphs quantified

• Comprehensive analysis of new physics effects

e p e p e p

W

W

Z

Z

Z

γ

Q-Weak (ep)

Moller (ee)






• nuclear decay

• pion decays

• muon decays

Ongoing theory for JLab EWK:

• QCD & Had Structure effects in PVDIS: CSB, HT…

• Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ?

Nuclei & Charged Leptons II






• nuclear decay

• pion decays

• muon decays




Muons



• g-2

• A!eA




γ

W

ν e p

e− n

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π

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γ

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+L

Reduced QCD error: Marciano & Sirlin

Reduced QCD error: Cirigliano & Roselle

SUSY effects in weak decays

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m implications for NP in weak decays

Vud & CKM Unitarity Ongoing theory for weak decays:

• Further reductions in QCD errors?


• Implications of LHC results ?

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Ee Eν

+ Ar σ n ⋅

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+ L

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+ L

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ChPT for -decay: Gardner et al, Ando et al

Nuclei & Charged Leptons III






• nuclear decay

• pion decays

• muon decays




Muons



• g-2

• A!eA




γ

QED

Z

Weak

Had LbL

Had VP

π

SUSY Loops: Sign of Higgsino mass

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor


Ongoing theory for g-2:

• Further reductions in had LBL uncertainty?


Had VP: Disp Rel & e+e-

Lattice QCD (T Blum)

Had LBL: ChPT Hadronic Models Lattice QCD?

Precision Neutrino Property Studies

Mixing, hierarchy, & CPV

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Ue1 Ue2 Ue 3

Uμ1 Uμ 2 U μ 3

Uτ 1 Uτ 2 Uτ 3

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟

=

1 0 0

0 cosθ23 sinθ23

0 −sinθ23 cosθ23

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟×

cosθ13 0 e−iδ CP sinθ13

0 1 0

−e iδ CP sinθ13 0 cosθ13

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟×

cosθ12 sinθ12 0

−sinθ12 cosθ12 0

0 0 1

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟×

1 0 0

0 e iα / 2 0

0 0 e iα / 2+iβ

⎛

⎝

⎜ ⎜ ⎜

⎞

⎠

⎟ ⎟ ⎟

Daya Bay

Neutrino CPV:

Implications for leptogenesis ?

Oscillations and supernovae:

Implications of 12 , 13 & hierarchy for scattering in -driven wind? (Duan, Fuller, Carlson, Qian; Balantekin, Pehlivan)

LENS

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Normal Inverted

Precision Neutrino Property Studies

Neutrino Mass: Terrestrial vs Cosmological

WMAP & BeyondKATRIN, Mare

Energy Density Power Spectrum

Beacom, Bell, Dodelson

New int: CMB consistent with larger m

Weak Probes of Astro & QCD

Zhu et al: EFT for hadronic PV

Beacom & Vagins: Dope SuperK with Gd Cl3 to detect diffuse supernova neutrino background

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+L

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+L

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+



See also G. McLaughlin et al for probes of supernovae

Nuclear Theory & the New St’d ModelProgress & Opportunities

• Small but hardy band of theorists making significant progress needed to guide experimental program and interpret results

• Progress in reducing QCD & nuclear structure uncertainties (, EDM, PVES, weak decays, g-2)

• Comprehensive computations of SUSY effects

• Broader implications for cosmo and astro (baryogenesis, supernovae, m from CMB)

• Close interaction between theory & exp’t

• Rich, interdisciplinary field with room to grow!

Back Matter

Mechanism & m

0.1

1

10

100

1000

Effective

( )Mass meV

12 3 4 5 6 7

12 3 4 5 6 7

12 3 4 5 6 7


U1e = .866 δm2

sol = 7 meV

2

U2e = .5 δm2

atm = 2 meV

2

U 3e =

Inverted

Normal

Degenerate signal equivalent to degenerate hierarchy

Loop contribution to m of inverted hierarchy scale

111/ ~ 0.06 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV

Impt to know if RPV interactions exist and, if so, what magnitude

Lepton Flavor & Number Violation

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γ

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A Z,N( )

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A Z,N( )

MEG: B!eγ ~ 5 x 10-14

MECO: B!e ~ 5 x 10-17

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γ*

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˜ ν

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γ*

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−−

Logarithmic enhancements of R

Low scale LFV: R ~ O(1) GUT scale LFV: R ~ O

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˜ e −

0 decay

Light M exchange ?

Heavy particle exchange ?

Raidal, Santamaria; Cirigliano, Kurylov, R-M, Vogel

k11/ ~ 0.09 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV

!eγ LFV Probes of RPV:

k11/ ~ 0.008 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV

!e LFV Probes of RPV:

Deep Inelastic PV: Beyond the Parton Model & SM

12 GeV 6 GeV

e-

N X

e-

Z* γ*

d(x)/u(x): large x Electroweak test: e-q couplings & sin2W

Higher Twist: qq and qqg correlations

Charge sym in pdfs

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up (x) = dn (x)?

d p (x) = un (x)?

nuclear theory & the new standard model: neutrinos & fundamental symmetries in the next...

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