Nutrition

Introduction• What is the first thing that

comes to mind when you hear the word “nutrition”?

• Does this differ when you hear the word “food”?

• What about the word “diet”?

Food• Why do you eat what you

eat?

• Environment• Health• Senses• Culture / Religion• Genetics

Terminology• Nutrients: “Any substance in

food that the body can use to obtain energy, synthesize tissues, or regulate functions.” (Insel & Roth, 2010, Pg 11)

– Essential Nutrients: • Must be obtained by eating food

Nutrients• Six classes of nutrients:

– Carbohydrates– Lipids (fats)– Proteins– Vitamins– Minerals– Water

Key Terminology• Estimated Average

Requirement (EAR)

• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

– Adequate Intake (AI)

• Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

• Daily Value (DV)

• Nutrient Dense

• Energy Dense– Calorie dense

Nutrition and Health

(Kline, 2008)

Cells

(Kline, 2008)

Energy• What is one of the main reasons

you eat food?– Energy!– Only three classes of nutrients

supply energy

– How is energy from food measured?• Kilocalorie vs calorie

Introducing the Nutrients

• Energy in foods– Measured in kilocalories (kcal)

Discovering Nutrition, 2010

Recommended Calorie Intake

• In General:

• However, everyone is different– Gender, age, body size & activity level all

play a role.

Men

2,500 – 2,800

Women

1,800 – 2,000

Children

1970 for boys1740 for girls

How much energy do you need?

• Resting Metabolic Rate– Basal Metabolic Rate

– Your body weight in pounds x 10 = BMR– You’ll need to factor your activity level

• BMR x 0.30 for moderate activity• BMR x 0.40 – 0.60 for very physically active

– Add BMR + activity for daily calorie needs

USDA Food Guides

History of USDA’s Food Guidance

1940s

1950s-1960s

1970s

1992

2005

Food for Young

Children

1916

http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/diabetes/mypyramid.gif

http://www.choosemyplate.gov/

Nutrient Density

(Kline, 2008)

(Kline, 2008)

(Kline, 2008)