COMMUNICATION

Background of the role of Communication

Barnard’s Contribution Modern perspective

Barnard’s Contribution The channels of communication should be

definitely known There should be a definite formal channel

of communication to every member of an organization

The line of communication should be direct and short as possible

The complete formal line of communication should normally be used

Barnard’s Contribution The persons serving as communication

centers should be competent The line of communication should not be

interrupted while the organization is functioning

Every communication should be authenticated

Modern Perspective Humanistic interactor Mechanistic isolate Informal developer Formal controller

Definition of Communication “The transference and

understanding of meaning” “An idea, no matter how great, is

useless until it is transmitted and understood by others”

Functions of Communication Control Motivation Emotional expression Information and decision making

A Communication Model The communication source Encoding The message The channel Decoding The receiver Feedback

Direction of communication Downward Upward Lateral or horizontal

Communication Network

Formal network Informal network

Choosing Medium for Communication

The matter of information richness The issue of complexity MIS Telecommunications Telecommuting

Non verbal Communication

Non verbal Communication “Message conveyed through body

movements, the intonations or emphasis we give to words, facial expressions, and the physical distance between the sender and receiver”

Non verbal Communication Body language and paralanguage Improving nonverbal effectiveness

Interpersonal Communication

Importance of how to talk to others

The directors The free spirit The humanist The historian

The Importance of feedback

Intension Specificity Description Usefulness Timeliness Readiness Clarity Validity

Downward Communication

Downward Communication The purpose of the downward

communication process Media used for downward communication Ways to improve downward communication

Upward Communication

Upward Communication Methods of improving the effectiveness of

upward communication Types of information for upward

communication

Effective listening Make eye contact Exhibit affirmative head nods and appropriate

facial expression Avoid distracting actions or gestures Ask questions Paraphrase Avoid interrupting the speaker Don’t over talk Make smooth transitions between the roles of

speaker and listener

Interactive communication in

organization

The purpose and methods of interactive communication

Task coordination Problem solving Information sharing Conflicts resolution