objective of assigned reading & lecture learn one way of analyzing free-form responses to...
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Objective of Assigned Reading & Lecture
• Learn one way of analyzing free-form responses to structured oral interviews (e.g., Rudermann et al)
• How to present an empirical study– Notice structure, amt of detail,
presentation style etc.
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Research Question
• Effects of Commitment of multiple roles on psychological function and leadership skills– Multiple roles could be occupational,
spousal, parental, citizenship roles
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Importance of topic
• Presents a different perspective on the nature & effect of multiple roles– Change approach to coping with and
interpreting involvement in multiple roles
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Theoretical BackgroundCompeting Effects of Multiple Roles
• Negative – Depletion of resources for other roles (role
scarcity)
• Positive – Generation of resources for other roles (role
accumulation)• Psychological • Social• Learning
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Rationale for negative effects
• Each person has a fixed amount of resources
• Multiple roles decrease the amount of resources available for any one role resulting in poorer psychological functioning
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More roles
More opportunities for positive self experiences
Higher level of well being
More role partners
More social support
Skills learned in role 1
Skills used in role 2
Psychological Social Learning
Rationale for positive effects
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Summary of contradictory Predictions for having multiple
roles
• Role scarcity => lower psychological functioning
• Role accumulation => higher psychological functioning
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Response Rate of Participants
• 74% of women participating in a women-only leadership development program
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Demographic Characteristics of Participants
• Average Age=40 – Range=26-57
• 92% White
• Avg. Salary =~78K (SD= ~32k)
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• 51% had post-graduate education
• 84% in Fortune 500 corporations
• Rank– Middle =49%, – Upper middle =34% – Exec=17%
Participants’ Educational & Professional experience
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• 50% had children under 18 yrs
• 71% in committed relationships
Family Status Characteristics of Participants
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Procedure
• Faxed questions to participants a few days before interview
• Pilot tested interview qs on 28 women managers
• Tape-recorded and transcribed each interview
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Types of Measures
• Open-ended questions on – Different types of roles managers held– Challenges faced in roles– What are the shared resources?
• e.g., Are there any dimensions/aspects of personal life that enhance your professional life?
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Data Analysis
• Developed initial hypotheses about how personal roles contributed to professional roles while conducting pilot interviews and during the official interviews – grounded theory; Glaser & Strauss, 1967
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Coding of Interviews• 2 raters read 30 interviews ‘many’ times• Developed excerpts of each P’s answer• Summarized excerpts• Organized summaries & sample quotes • Compared & contrasted quotes and
summaries for each case • Identified 13 patterns & themes• Examined remaining interviews for
add’l themesBased on Boyatzis (1998)
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Reduction of Data
• 13 themes reduced to 6 categories
• Reviewed all excerpts to confirm categorization
• Developed codebook explaining 6 themes– 66.7% to 90.9% inter-rater agreement on
coding of themes • Not good according to Boyatzis, 1998
Based on Boyatzis (1998)
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Description of Results
• Participants perceived that being in multiple roles improved their psychological functioning, gave them more social resources and contributed to their skill development
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Positive Effects of Personal RolesTheme %Sample
Displaying Theme
%Rater Agreement
Interpersonal Skill 42 90.2
Psychological benefits 23 75.9
Emotional Support 19 90.9
Multi-tasking skill 9.7 85.7
Personal Interests 6.5 72.7
Leadership Skill 4.8 66.7
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Conclusions
• Six potential types of resources that people can gain from multiple roles
• cannot infer how generalizable or how frequent this finding is– Conduct a survey type study with a larger
sample
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