ocean observation, climate change and disaster warning: the context
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Ocean Observation, Climate Change and Disaster Warning: the Context. David Meldrum Consultant, IOC/UNESCO, Paris [email protected]. Contents of presentation. Is climate changing? Ocean observing systems already in place Weather and climate Disaster warning - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ocean Observation, Climate Change and Disaster Warning:
the Context
David MeldrumConsultant, IOC/UNESCO, Paris
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Contents of presentation
• Is climate changing?• Ocean observing systems already in place
– Weather and climate– Disaster warning
• The challenges of the deep ocean• Opportunities for cable operators to make a difference
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The evidence for climate change: global temperatures
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The evidence for climate change: global sea level
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Sea level rise: observed regional trends
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Sea level rise: population vulnerability
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The evidence for climate change: Arctic sea ice extent
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Timescales of climate variability and the ocean
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The evidence for climate change: deep ocean temperatures
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GOOS: the Global Ocean Observing System
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Examples of the instruments used
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Moored instruments
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Challenges of the deep ocean (compared to space)
• Satellites can’t see below the sea surface• Instruments have to withstand high pressure and corrosion• No energy source (e.g. solar panels)• Difficult for communications and imaging
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But it’s only skin deep!
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Unusual deep seabed features?
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No – they came from the red planet, not the blue planet!
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Techniques for observing the deep ocean
• Moorings• Landers• Lowered instruments• Acoustics• Cabled observatories• New oceanographers!
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Disaster warning - tsunamis
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Tsunami warning networks
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Seismic activity
Not all seismic activity causes tsunamis
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Japanese tsunami: predictions and observations
itic.ioc-unesco.org
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Analysis centres generate warnings
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Vandalism is a major problem
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Cables offer a solution
• Vandal-proof in the deep ocean• Instantaneous communications• Energy source• Next generation commercial repeaters to include built-in
tsunami sensors?• Why not other sensors as well?
– Ocean properties such as temperature and salinity– Seismometry– Passive acoustics
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Passive acoustics has been used from cables before
Blue whale migrations using SOSUS
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Ocean acoustic pollution is a major issue
IOC, Paris, Sept 2011
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Conclusions
• The deep ocean is poorly observed• Next generation cable repeaters could make a major impact• Important climate variables could be measured• Acoustic sensors would cast new light on marine mammals• Cables offer the ideal solution for tsunami warning
– Vandal resistant– Instant communications– Energy available– Could be a business opportunity– Or why not just be green and eco-friendly and improve your image!
• Suggestion: establish a small enthusiastic group to sketch out a limited pilot project
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Cables are the future!
TAT-1, Oban, Scotland
Thank you!