Global History II-R October 2016Mrs. Valdes/Mr. Craine Review Answer Key

The Enlightenment – French Revolution

Part I: Multiple Choice Questions (50 points)Directions: For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The Enlightenment philosophers believed that the power of government is derived from

1. divine right rulers2. the middle class3. a strong military4. those who are governed

2. Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on 1. the experiences of past civilizations2. experimentation and observation3. emotions and feelings4. the teachings of the Catholic Church

Base your answer to question #3 on the statements below and your knowledge of social studies. “Estates General Meets for First Time in 175 Years”

“National Assembly Issues Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen” “Reign of Terror Ends; Robespierre Dies” 3. Which event in European history is most closely associated with these headlines?

1. Scientific Revolution2. Enlightenment3. Growth of Democracy in Great Britain4. French Revolution

4. Which list of French leaders is in the correct chronological order?1. Louis XVI Napoleon Robespierre2. Robespierre Napoleon Louis XVI3. Louis XVI Robespierre Napoleon4. Napoleon Louis XVI Robespierre

Base your answer to question #5 on the excerpt below and your knowledge of social studies.

“When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magis-trates (government officials), there can be no liberty; because apprehensions (fears) may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws to execute them in a tyrannical manner…”

- Baron de Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws

5. Which solution would Baron de Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws?1. granting freedom of speech2. reinstating absolute monarchies3. separating the branches of government4. limiting natural rights

6. Which of the following statements about France’s social structure was true prior to 1789?1. The Third Estate was made up only of peasants.2. The only estate that paid taxes was the Second Estate3. The majority of the population belonged to the First Estate4. There was social inequality among the three estates.

Base your answers to questions #7 and #8 on the statements below and your knowledge of social studies.

Speaker A: “The state of monarchy is supreme on earth: for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself they are called gods.”

Speaker B: “If government fails to fulfill the end for which it was established—the preservation of the individ-ual’s right to life, liberty, and property—the people have a right to dissolve the government.”

Speaker C: “But what if the compact by between the ruler and ruled is violated by the ruler? He thus becomes a tyrant, a criminal who forfeits his rights to the obedience of his subjects, [the subjects] may now exercise their right to rebel and form a new compact.”

Speaker D: “The ruling authority in the state, the monarch, must have supreme power, or society will collapse and the anarchy of the state of nature will return.”

7. Which two speakers would support absolutism?1. A and D 2. C and D3. B and C 4. A and B

8. Which two speakers would support the ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment?1. A and D 2. C and D3. B and C 4. A and B

9. One similarity in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both1. had the support of the Roman Catholic Church2. placed great value on traditional beliefs3. emphasized the value of human reasoning4. contributed to the end of feudalism

Base your answer to question #10 and #11 on the passage below and your knowledge of social studies.

“When the legislature shall… grasp for themselves, or put into the hands of any other, an absolute power over their lives, liberties, and estates of the people,… they forfeit the power the people had put into their hands for quite contrary ends, and it passes to the people, who have a right to revolt and resume their original liberty…”

-John Locke, Two Treaties on Civil Government

10. Which idea is expressed in this passage?1. People have a right to rebel if their natural rights are denied.2. Liberty can only be guaranteed in a direct democracy.3. The people should give up their liberty to create an orderly society.4. Governments should only be obeyed regardless of their actions.

11. Locke’s ideas were first expressed during which period of European history?1. Middle Ages2. Renaissance3. Enlightenment 4. Pax Romana

Base your answer to question #12 on the quote below and your knowledge of social studies.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their cre-ator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

12. The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of 1. Niccolo Machiavelli2. Charles Darwin3. Charlemagne4. John Locke

13. The Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen is most similar to which document?1. Magna Carta2. Declaration of Independence3. Hammurabi’s Code4. English Bill of Rights

14. A primary cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was the1. increasing dissatisfaction of the Third Estate2. rise to power of Napoleon Bonaparte3. execution of King Louis XVI4. actions of Prince Von Metternich of Austria

15. How did the American Revolution impact the French Revolution?1. It provided ideas for making political changes.2. It promoted regional cooperation to solve economic problems.3. It promoted the spread of absolutism throughout the world.4. It served as a model for peaceful solutions to political objectives.

16. As a result of the French Revolution1. ideas of nationalism and democracy spread throughout the world2. absolutism regained strength in France3. the American Revolution began4. Thomas Hobbes wrote Leviathan

17. The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because they hoped he would 

1. adopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformation2. restore Louis XVI to power3. provide stability for the nation4. end British control of France

18. John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most likely to support1. a return to feudalism in Europe2. a government ruled by a divine right monarchy3. a society ruled by the Catholic Church4. a society in which the people chose the ruler

19. One important result of the French Revolution was that1. France enjoyed a lengthy period of peace and prosperity2. the church was restored to its former role and power in the French government3. political power shifted to the bourgeosie4. France lost its spirit of nationalism

20. A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that pre-Revolutionary governments1. are more concerned about human rights than the governments that replace them2. refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced technology3. attempt to bring about the separation of government from religion4. fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people

21. Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in 1. changing the relationship between people and their government2. supporting the divine right theory3. debating the role of the church in society4. promoting increased power for European monarchs

22. Which quotation was most likely made by an absolute monarch?1. “Where the word of a King is, there is power.”2. “The government that governs best, governs least.”3. “The government must be based on sound constitution.”4. “It is the parliament that must make the laws.”

23. A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment was the need for1. a return to traditional medieval ideas2. the use of reason for rational and logical thinking3. overseas expansion by western European nations4. strengthening the power of the organized religions

24. The majority of people in France in the late 1700’s belonged to which of the following social groups?1. the bourgeoisie2. the First Estate3. the Second Estate4. the Third Estate

25. The Declaration of the Rights of Man stated that1. All men were born free and equal in rights2. Male and female citizens were equal before the law3. All citizens had to pay equal taxes4. King Louis XVI would be executed

Document 1:

Cobb & Jones (1988) Voices of the French Revolution p. 39

1A. Identify the three figures in the cartoon in relation to French society (1st, 2nd, and 3rd estates) (2 Pts)1st Estate is the Clergy2nd Estate is the Nobility 3rd Estate is the Commoners/Peasants 1B. What do you think the rock represents? (2 Pts)The rock represents taxes

Document 2: This diagram illustrates the three estates in 1789 and the land each held during the Old Regime.

2. What unfair conditions existed in pre-revolutionary France? (3 Pts)

The 3rd Estate paid all the taxes and land ownership was not equal.

Document 3: These excerpts from cahiers (lists of grievances about the king, taxing, and voting in the Estates General) brought to the Estates General.

That the king be forced to reform the abuses and tyranny of letter de cachet. That every tax…. Be granted [by the Estates General] only for a limited time. That the taille [a tax on land] be borne equally by all classes…. The meetings of the Estates General…. Shall be scheduled for definite times…. In order to assure the third estate, the influence it deserves because of its numbers… its votes in the assembly should be taken by head…

3. What two changes did the third estate demand be made in the French government? (2 Pts)

1. Everyone will pay taxes2. Voting in the Estates General should be based on population.

Document 4: In The French Revolution, historian Albert Mathiez claims that leadership fell to the middle class with their knowledge of the ideas of the Enlightenment.

The Revolution had been accomplished in the minds of men long before it was translated into fact…. The middle class… was sensitive to their inferior legal position. The Revolution came from them-the middle class. The working classes were incapable of starting or controlling the Revolution. They were just beginning to learn to read.

4. What was the result of the middle class’s knowledge of the ideas of the Enlightenment? (2 Pts)

They were just beginning to learn to read.

Document 5:

The following is an excerpt from Voltaire’s writings.…I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it…. The best government seems to be that in which all ranks of men are equally protected by the laws….

6A. What type of government does Voltaire recommend? (2 Pts)

Voltaire recommended a Democracy 6B. What specific freedom does he feel is essential? (2 Pts)

Freedom of speech is essential.

Document 6:

7A. Which time period during the French Revolution was the Guillotine used to execute 16,000 people? (2 Pts)

The Reign of Terror7B. Name one important person who was executed by the Guillotine. (2 Pts)

King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, or Maximillian Robespierre.

Document 7

French Revolution: Storming of the Bastille 8A. What event during the French Revolution is being depicted in this picture? (2 Pts)

The Storming of the Bastille in Paris.8B. Why is this event significant? (2 Pts)

This event is the start of the French Revolution.

Document 8:

8. Which French leader is depicted is the painting? (2 Pts)

Napoleon is depicted in this painting.

CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

This task is based on your knowledge of social studies and the causes of the French Revolution. This task is designed to test your ability to write a historically accurate thematic essay. Use some the multiple choice questions and the documents to help you write your essay.

Historical Context:The French Revolution of 1789 had many long-range causes. Political, social, and

economic conditions in France contributed to the discontent felt by many French people-especially those of the third estate. The ideas of the intellectuals of the Enlightenment brought new views of government and society. The American Revolution also influenced the coming of the French Revolution.

Task:Choose three causes of the French Revolution, and for each one:

Identify what the cause was. Discuss how it led to the start of the French Revolution.

Hint: Remember (STEAK and Famine)