oil review middle east 2 2016

Geosolutions forincreased efficiency

See us at the shows: Serving the regional oil & gas sectorsince 1997

99

Iraq brings new production on to the marketSee page 26

Bahrain projects move ahead

The need to maintain focuson training and development

Keeping compressoremissions under control

Advances in sour fieldmanagement technology

The benefits of ever-growingseismic data volumes

The increasing demand forautomation solutions

Insight and intelligence onthe latest developments andopportunitiesUK £10, USA $16.50

VOLUME 19 | ISSUE 2 2016

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eview M

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Issue 2 2016 oilreview.me 3

AS OIL REVIEW goes to press, various meetings between heads of stateand oil ministers are underway in a bid to stabilise the oil market and drive a rebound in oil prices. We await the outcome with interest; however, theprospect of increased post-sanctions production from Iran, and the coolingof demand from China, are amongst the factors that may conspire to keepoil prices low, at least for the foreseeable future. In tough times such as these, training and development budgets are oftenthe first to be cut, as Petrofac CEO Ayman Asfari points out. He argues thatwith swingeing jobs cuts and the retirement of mature and experiencedworkers, the industry is losing valuable skills at a time when projectcomplexity is increasing. Our feature on p34 highlights the need to maintaina focus on training and development with the growing focus on localisationin the region, and for the future resilience of the industry.

Editor’s note

Calendar4 Executives’ calendar and event

newsA look at some of the major showscoming up, including OGWA, the 4thKuwait Oil & Gas Summit, OTC Asia andTank World Expo

Event Previews6 SOGAT 2016

SOGAT 2016 will showcase all the latestdevelopments in sour hydrocarbon andsulphur management

8 GEO 2016The region’s largest petroleumgeoscience conference and exhibitionreturns to Bahrain

Exploration & Production12 News

A round-up of the latest news fromaround the region

Petrochemicals16 Developments

The latest regional news anddevelopments

Analysis18 Bahrain shuffles the energy pack

It is shaping up to be a critical year forBahrain, with several major projectsplanned or underway

22 Helping to promote efficiency in thedownturnEmerson Process Management’sautomation solutions are in increasingdemand as companies seek to becomemore efficient

26 Inter-OPEC competition hots upThe return of Iranian production aftersanctions, amid continued growth in Iraqand high Saudi production levels, meanscompetition for the Asian market isgetting tough

Education & Skills34 The need for a renewed focus on

education and skillsWith the push for localisation, educationand skills development is more importantthan ever

36 PDO accelerates localisation effortsPDO’s In-Country Value (ICV) programmeis creating training and employmentopportunities for Omanis

Technology38 Keeping compressor emissions

under controlHow the selection and maintenance ofgrid-scale compressors can reduceemissions of methane and VOCs

40 A new solution for flow controlThe benefits of an emerging solution forhydrate inhibitor testing

46 Increasing output in Oman’s SoharRefineryHow gas treating technology is helping toenhance refinery production

47 The benefits of ever-growing seismicdata volumesWill the trend for significant increases inseismic data volumes continue, given thechanged business environment?

Innovations50 Industry developments

All the latest product announcements inoil, gas and petrochemicals

Project List55 Bahrain oil, gas and petrochemical

projects

Arabic5 News / Analysis

Front cover image courtesy of FEI

Arabic front cover image: bluecrayola /Shutterstock

Contents

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Serving the world of business

Editor: Louise Waters - [email protected]

Editorial and Design team: Bob Adams, Prashant AP, Hiriyti Bairu, Sejal Bhat, Miriam Brtkova, Andrew Croft,Ranganath GS, Georgia Lewis, Rhonita Patnaik,Zsa Tebbit, Nicky Valsamakis and Ben Watts

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Printed in: February 2016

© Oil Review Middle East ISSN: 1464-9314


4 oilreview.me Issue 2 2016

THE OIL & Gas West Asia (OGWA)Exhibition & Conference, Oman’slongstanding biennial oil and gas eventand one of the foremost industry eventsin the Middle East, will take place fromMarch 21 to 23 at the OmanInternational Exhibition Center, Muscat, Oman.

The event will bring together local,GCC and international oil companies,service providers, equipment suppliersand other companies serving theindustry. It will provide a platform todiscuss the latest developments anddirections of the industry as well as a forum to pursue trade and businessopportunities. OGWA will feature the largest Italy, China and Iran pavilionsof any oil and gas exhibition in Oman, and around 300 companies from 24countries. Also occupying the 14,500-sq m exhibition space will be the SMEand ICV pavilions, in support of the Oman government’s initiatives topromote entrepreneurship and local talent.

As in previous editions, the concurrent and timely EOR Conference willbe organised by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), the largestindividual-member organisation worldwide in the upstream segment of theoil and gas industry.

Themed “The EOR Paradigm Shift,” the conference will highlight theadvances in chemical EOR, thermal EOR, miscible gas injection EOR, lowsalinity water flooding, emerging and innovative methods, monitoring and

surveillance for EOR, EOR screeningstudies, well design, drilling andcompletion challenges for EORapplications, and many more.

While the oil sector is facingchallenges, an increasing focus oninnovative EOR techniques andapplications, alongside the developmentof robust policies and groundbreakingsolutions, is needed for the industry toremain a competitive force. Oman’s oilproduction is being maintained andincreased through steam water, polymerand other enhanced oil recovery

techniques, and the country is rapidly becoming a centre of EOR expertisein the region. The Ministry of Oil’s target is for 22 per cent of Oman’s oiloutput to be produced through EOR techniques by 2021.

OGWA boasts an exhibition sponsor line-up that includes PetroleumDevelopment Oman (PDO), BP Oman (main sponsor), G-Energy (VIPsponsor), Abraj Energy Services, Halliburton, Occidental PetroleumCorporation, Shell (platinum sponsors), Oman Gas Company, Schlumberger,CC Energy Development (Gold sponsors), Petrofac, Port of Duqm (silversponsors), Glasspoint Solar (associate sponsor), Dover Artificial Lift (visitorbag sponsor), and Maxitech (catalogue belly band sponsor).

For further information contact Melissa Daleja, email:[email protected], tel: +968 24660122, www.ogwaexpo.com.

Oil & Gas West Asia (OGWA) set to highlight latest developments and opportunities

The PDO stand attracts a lotof interest at the show

CALENDAR 2016

Executives’ Calendar 2016MARCH

7-10 GEO 2016 MANAMA www.geo2016.com

8-10 Saudi Downstream JUBAIL www.saudidownstream.com

20-24 SOGAT ABU DHABI www.sogat.org

21-23 Oil & Gas West Asia (OGWA) MUSCAT www.ogwaexpo.com

22-25 OTC Asia KUALA LUMPUR www.otcasia.org

APRIL

10-11 Kuwait Oil & Gas KUWAIT www.cwckuwait.com

12-13 Tank World Expo DUBAI www.easyfairs.com

12-14 International SAP Conference for Oil and Gas THE HAGUE www.uk.tacook.com

13-17 Iran Plastics TEHRAN www.iranplast.ir

18-20 GCC Environment & Sustainability Forum JEDDAH www.gccenvironmentforum.com

19-21 8th Mediterranean Offshore Conference (MOC) ALEXANDRIA www.moc-egypt.com

20-23 Erbil Oil & Gas ERBIL www.erbiloilgas.com

25-26 Big Data Analytics for Oil & Gas ABU DHABI www.oilandgasbigdata.com

MAY

2-5 Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) HOUSTON www.otcnet.org

5-8 Iran International Oil, Gas, Refining & Petrochems TEHRAN www.iran-oilshow.ir

8-10 Abu Dhabi International Downstream ABU DHABI www.adid.wraconferences.com

16-18 Saudi Safety & Security DAMMAM www.sss-arabia.com

JUNE

1-4 Caspian Oil & Gas BAKU www.caspianoilgas.az/2016

Readers should verify dates and location with sponsoring organisations, as this information is sometimes subject to change.


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EXHIBITION

SOGAT 2016, THE leading international conference andexhibition for sour hydrocarbon and sulphur management,will once again bring together representatives of NOCs,IOCs, service and contracting companies, suppliers and

experts, to discuss and showcase all the latest developments in sourfield management technology.Sour gas production activity in the Middle East is driven by the

demand for gas, which is projected to double over the coming yearsto meet power and infrastructure requirements. The UAE in particularis becoming the centre of international sour gas conditioning.

The Habshan V plant, for example, which is part of Abu Dhabi’sintegrated gas development, is currently processing 1 bcf/d and theaim is for processed gas to rise to 1.75 bcf/d by 2017. The Shah sourgas field, with an H2S content of 23 per cent and 10 per cent CO2,is now operating at full capacity at 1 bcf/d. Projects under appraisalinclude Hail and Shuwaihat. Other major projects in the regioninclude Karan in Saudi Arabia, the Kingdom’s first non-associatedsour gas development; the Wasit gas plant in Saudi Arabia, built toprocess gas from the offshore Arabiyah and Hasbah sour non-associated gas fields; the Rahab Harwell Integrated Project in Oman;and the Barzan gas project in Qatar.

The conference will provide a forum to discuss all the latestdevelopments across the whole management spectrum, fromenergy efficient technologies for sour gas separation, to selectivesweetening processes, exotic material selection and improved fieldsafety management standards. The event will also include practical workshops on topical issues

on surplus recovery; sour oil and gas process optimisation;dehydration of natural gas; managing BTX in lean acid gas; andimplications along the sulphur supply chain in future marketconditions and potential solutions.Exhibiting companies include Al Hosn Gas, BASF, Amec Foster

Wheeler, Du Pont & MECS, Fluor, LumaSense Technologies, Jacobs,and INEOS among others. n

For further information see the website at www.sogat.org.

SOGAT 2016 will showcase all the latestdevelopments in sour hydrocarbon and sulphurmanagement.

Showcasing advances in

sour hydrocarbons

Sour gas processing technologies are evolving fast(Photo: corgarashu / Shutterstock)

The conference will provide a forum todiscuss all the latest developments across thewhole spectrum”


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GEO 2016Date: 7-10 March 2016Venue: Bahrain

EXHIBITION

HELD UNDER THE patronage of His Royal Highness PrinceKhalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, GEO 2016 will bring togethermore than 4,000 geoscientists and petroleum industryprofessionals from more than 50 countries to debate and

help shape the future of the industry, build skills, network with peersand establish business relationships. The biannual event, the largest petroleum geoscience conference

and exhibition in the Middle East, incorporates a high-levelconference organised by the American Association of PetroleumGeologists (AAPG), the European Association of Geoscientists andEngineers (EAGE) and the Society of Exploration Geophysicists(SEG), and a parallel exhibition organised by Arabian ExhibitionManagement.The GEO 2016 conference, with the theme ‘Today’s Geoscience,

Tomorrow’s Energy’ will open on 7 March with a ministerial andplenary session to set the scene.

In challenging times for the energy sector, Musabbeh Al Kaabi,GEO 2016 chairman, says, “As a profession, geoscience and ourprofessional community have a crucial part to play in both addressingthe immediate realities and the delivery of commercial returns, andmaintaining a long-term view. We need to focus on unlocking greaterefficiencies in mature areas through innovation both in technologyand in the application of that technology, as well as opening up themore challenging new plays and provinces around the globe that willmeet the world’s ongoing demand for energy far into the future. Oneadditional challenge, which must remain a priority, is how wemaintain a steady flow of new and high quality talent to serve theindustry in the decades ahead.”

Panel sessions, led by CEOs and presidents, will cover long-termstrategies through unpredictable markets; IT emerging trends;integrated technologies for better performance; unconventionalresources of the Middle East; and industry-academia engagementand collaboration.There will also be a special session entitled‘Women’s Growing Role in the Energy Industry’, led by top femaleindustry professionals.Robert Kuchinski, president of AAPG’s Middle East Region and

senior technical adviser for formation evaluation in the Middle East /Africa Region for Weatherford, says that he looks forward to learningabout ‘Tomorrow’s Energy’ during GEO 2016.“We expect this energy will be discovered and produced using

ideas and technologies that are new and/or haven’t been thought ofor invented yet. It will cover the range from new conventionaldiscoveries, bypassed pay, EOR, unconventional resources andthings we may not know about yet,” he said.“The Middle East contains the world’s largest oil and gas

reservoirs distributed throughout many unique, interesting anddynamic countries. These oil and gas deposits are being developedby NOCs that are committed to producing as much oil and gas asthey can, using the most advanced technology and sophisticatedtechniques possible,” Kuchinski said.GEO’s focus on the future also includes a robust programme of

activities for young professionals and students. The exhibition will showcase more than 130 exhibitors from 20

plus countries, including NOCs, IOCs, suppliers, service providersand country pavilions from Egypt, North America and the UK. n

For further information visit www.geo2016.com.

The exhibition will showcase more than 130 exhibhitors

Today’s geoscience,

tomorrow’s energy

We need to focus on unlocking greaterefficiencies in mature areas throughinnovation in technology”

The Bahrain International Exhibition andConvention Centre is set to play host to acritical exchange of oil and gas insights duringthe 12th Middle East Geosciences Conferenceand Exhibition (GEO 2016).



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TANK WORLD EXPO 2016, which takesplace on 12-13 April 2016 at the DubaiWorld Trade Centre, will see the launch ofseveral new technologies.

Knowsley SK will be displaying itslatest foam mixing technology designedto accurately mix foam concentrate liquidwith either freshwater or seawater; ArfluIndustry Valves will be presenting its dualexpanding plug valve; while Climbex S.A.will be showcasing the fully automatedmobile ORECO units for cleaningpetroleum tanks. Tranter Heat Exchangerswill be exhibiting its range of efficientstorage tank heating coils; LoadtecEngineered Systems will be highlightingits wide range of tanker loading arms;while Mascoat will be demonstrating itslatest coating, which solves insulating andcorrosion under insulation issues.

Tank World Expo 2016’s conferenceprogramme will feature leading industryfigures from organisations such as theUAE Ministry of Energy, OTTCO,Oiltanking Odfjell Terminals Oman, DubaiMercantile Exchange, Burgan CapeTerminals and CITAC Africa.

Said Al Mawaali, project director atOTTCO, will be presenting on ‘Latestdevelopments at the region’s largeststorage facility in Oman’, while Roderickde Rooij, commercial manager atOiltanking Odfjell Terminals Oman, will belooking at the future outlook for thestorage market in Oman and how tocapitalise on the trade routes betweenAsia and Europe.

The growth of Fujairah is still a keydriver in the Middle East’s continued rise.It is the second most productive region interms of bunkering capacity and the thirdlargest oil storage and products tradingcentre in the world. Malek Azizeh,commercial director at Fujairah OilTerminal, will discuss the region’s crudeoil storage position as a strategic regionalhub for products and crude.

For more information see the website atwww.tankworldexpo.com.

KUWAIT IS PRESSING ahead withambitious investment and expansion plans,with major projects including the Al Zourrefinery, for which KNPC has awardedcontracts worth US$11.5bn to internationalconsortia.

The 4th Kuwait Oil & Gas Summit, heldunder the patronage of the Ministry of Oiland supported by KPC and its subsidiaries,will provide attendees with the opportunityto learn about the wealth of opportunitiesfor business development and growth in Kuwait’s oil and gas sector. The event will be heldfrom 11-12 April 2016 at the Jumeirah Messilah Beach Hotel, Kuwait.

Speakers include HE Anas Al-Saleh, Minister of Finance and Acting Minister of Oil; and theCEOs of KPC, KOC and KNPC. Conference sessions cover adapting to change and optimisingKuwait’s role in world energy; driving forward project execution, achievement andopportunities; managing stakeholder relationships and enhancing co-operation; economicdiversification and growth of the private sector; long-term vision for downstream; andinvesting in the next generation.

For further information see the website at www.cwckuwait.com.

Tank World Expo 2016

THE OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY Conference Asia (OTC Asia) 2016 will be held from 22-25March 2016 at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Themed “Excellence in Asia”, OTC Asia 2016 reflects the region’s reputation for deliveringexcellence in technology, innovation, execution and human resources to the offshore oil andgas industry. As the largest OTC programme ever developed, it will showcase Asia’sachievements, its aspirations, and the important technological developments that the regionneeds to stay robust and resilient in the shifting global energy market. The conferenceprogramme addresses issues from cost reduction, through innovative techniques andpractices, to the management of asset value through data-driven technologies to improveefficiency and profitability.

In opening up access to new oil and gasreserves, the industry in Asia Pacific isworking with increasingly complex reservoirs,in deepwater environments and taking on EORprojects offshore. These challenges havesharpened the focus on both executionexcellence, as well as innovation as a meansof cutting costs. Best practices in both areasstand out in the ‘Excellence in Execution’ and‘Cost Reduction through Innovation’ panelsessions. Delivery of the world’s first LNGFPSO unit is due in the coming months.PETRONAS will showcase how its innovationin design, excellence in fabrication and projectmanagement came together in the realisation

of this ground-breaking project. OTC Asia 2016 will also feature an exhibition encompassing 8,000 sq m with more than

300 industry exhibitors showcasing their latest products, technologies and services.Sponsoring and exhibitor organisations include prominent industry players such as BakerHughes, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Halliburton, Malaysia Investment DevelopmentAuthority (MIDA), Murphy Oil, PETRONAS, PTT Exploration and Production Public CompanyLimited (PTTEP), Shell and Technip. Malaysia’s national oil company PETRONAS is theexclusive corporate supporting organisation.

The event is expected to draw 25,000 engineers, technicians, executives, operators,scientists and managers from all fields in the oil and gas exploration and production industry,representing more than 80 countries..

For more information and to register, please visit http://2016.otcasia.org.

4th Kuwait Oil & Gas summit to highlightambitious expansion plans

OTC Asia to showcase technology for Asia

Kuwait has ambitious plans for the oil and gas sector(Photo: Khaleel Haldar)

Events

The GCC is a hub for storage and bunkering(Photo: Dave Crosby)

The event will take place at the Kuala LumpurConvention Centre (Photo: jobsdbmalaysia)


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GLOBAL OIL SUPPLY growth is plunging asan extended period of low prices takes itstoll, the International Energy Agency (IEA)said in its annual Medium-Term Oil MarketReport (MTOMR) released on 22 February.

While US light, tight oil (LTO) output isfalling steeply for now, the market will beginrebalancing in 2017 – and by 2021 the UnitedStates and Iran are seen leading productiongains among non-OPEC and OPEC countriesrespectively, says the report.

The report notes that while oil pricesshould start to rise gradually once the marketbegins rebalancing, the availability ofresources that can be easily and quicklytapped will limit the scope of rallies – at leastin the near term. However, it points to therisk of an oil price spike in the later part ofthe outlook period arising from insufficientinvestment.

The IEA sees 4.1mn bpd being added toglobal oil supply between 2015 and 2021,down sharply from the total growth of 11mnbpd in the period 2009-2015. The drop insupply growth comes as upstreaminvestment dries up in response to thecurrent glut that is pressuring prices. Globaloil exploration and production capital

expenditures (capex) are expected to fall 17per cent in 2016, following a 24 per cent cutin 2015 – which would be the first time since1986 that upstream investment has fallen fortwo consecutive years.

US production is seen reaching an all-timehigh of 14.2mn bpd by the end of theforecast period, but only after falling in theshort term. LTO output declines by 0.6mnbpd this year and by a further 0.2mn bpd in2017 before a gradual recovery in oil prices,combined with further improvements inoperational efficiencies and cost cutting,allows production to resume its upwardclimb. The USA remains the largestcontributor to supply growth during the

forecast period, accounting for more thantwo-thirds of the net non-OPEC increase.Freed from sanctions, Iran leads OPEC gains:Iranian oil output rises 1mn bpd to 3.9mnbpd by 2021.

The report sees global oil demandgrowing at an average rate of 1.2mn bpdthrough 2021, reaching 101.6mn bpd. Indianconsumption races ahead as more motoriststake to the roads, while Chinese demandgrowth cools in tandem with the economy.The global oil trade continues its focustowards Asia. The Middle East will consolidateits place as a major refining centre, and itsproducts exports will grow at a rateexceeded only by the USA, the IEA predicts.

IEA sees oil market rebalancing in 2017

DNO ASA, THE Norwegian oil and gas operator,has announced plans to resume investments atits flagship Tawke field in the Kurdistan Region ofIraq, following five consecutive monthlypayments for oil exports and a new paymentarrangement tied to its contractual entitlements.

DNO's executive chairman Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani said, "The export payment arrangementjust put in place provides regularity, predictabilityand transparency, thereby laying the foundationfor stepped up investments in Kurdistan."

New investments at Tawke are expected toreverse natural field decline and boost output by

at least 10 percent by mid-year, with furtheroutput increases to follow as additionalinvestments are made, the company said. DNOalso plans to drill the Peshkabir-2 appraisal wellthis year.

Gulf Keystone, operator of the Shaikhan field,has reported that it has also received paymentsin line with the statements made by the KurdistanRegional Government in August and September2015 regarding regular payments to the exportinginternational oil companies in the region.Following the establishment of a regular paymentcycle for all oil sales and arrears, Gulf Keystone

plans to move into the large-scale phaseddevelopment of the Shaikan field targeting100,000 bpd of production capacity during Phase1 of the Shaikan Field Development Plan.

And Genel Energy will resume drilling work atthe Taq Taq oilfield in Kurdistan Region of Iraq incoming weeks to ramp up production, accordingto the company, whose chief financial officerBen Monaghan told Reuters that the restart ofdrilling work will mark the first time in more thana year that Genel Energy has drilled in the regionto increase output from its fields. “It’s a symbolicrestart of our investments,” he said.

International oil companies resume investments in Kurdistan Region of Iraq


E&P

Global balance summary (million barrels per day)

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

World Demand 94.4 95.6 96.9 98.2 99.3 100.5 101.6

Non-OPEC Supply 57.7 57.1 57.0 57.6 58.3 58.9 59.7

OPEC Crude* 32.0 32.8 33.0 33.0 33.2 33.5 33.6

OPEC NGLS etc 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2

Total World Supply* 96.4 96.7 97.0 97.8 98.7 99.5 100.5

Implied Stock Change 2.0 1.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.7 -1.0 -1.1

*OPEC actual output in 2015. Assumes a post-sanctions increase for Iran in 2016 and adjusts for OPEC capacity changes thereafter

Source: IEA

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A WHOPPING 77 per cent of the respondentsin a Gulf Intelligence Industry Survey believedthat disruptive technologies will acceleratethe transformation of the oil and gas industryin a low price era.

The Survey was conducted among 250energy professionals in the Middle East, ofwhom 26 per cent cited big data analytics asthe most significant game changingtechnology in the energy sector. It wasclosely followed by automation and roboticsand enhanced oil recovery, both at 23 percent. Fewer respondents (nine per cent) saidnanotechnology will spearhead the energysector’s transformation, with 19 per centsaying that all aforementioned technologieswill be made redundant by even newertechnologies that humans have yet to create.

Technological innovations have the power to trigger dramaticimprovements to companies’ operational productivity and economicefficiency in less than a decade. A disruptive technology is a tool that hasthe capability to replace an established technology, such as digitized data

sets replacing the use of PDFs at oil fields.There are many speculations at this point

about which technologies are most likely tosucceed, and a single technology in itselfholds potential for many industries. Automatedimage analysis that is used by security forcesfor facial recognition and by doctors for digitalpathology could be used to determine drill bitdamage in the oil and gas sector, for example.

Crossover technologies also fall under theumbrella of disruptive technologies, acting asa shortcut to costly and time-consumingresearch and development (R&D) that seek tocreate innovations from scratch.

Still, over half (57 per cent) of respondentssaid international and national oil companiesdo not need to open innovation hubs, like the

USA’s Silicon Valley, to tap into the best information and communicationstechnologies.

Instead, they believe that the Gulf countries’ private and public sectorsmust be encouraged to nurture a local culture of innovation to help boosteconomic and operational efficiency.

EGYPT’S MINISTRY OF Petroleum & MineralResources has completed authorisation of theZohr development lease which allows EgyptianNatural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) to grantEni the privileges to develop the gas fieldlocated in the Shorouk Concession, offshoreEgypt.

The development plan is expected to startproduction by the end of 2017 with aprogressive ramp up until it reaches a volumeof 75 mcmd – approximately 500,000 boepd – by2019. The quick realisation of such a largeproject is believed to become possible throughcooperation with Petrojet, Enppi and Saipemcontractors, who have been a part of Eni’sdevelopment activities in Egypt.

The discovery of Zohr was announced on 30August 2015 following the drilling of the Zohr-1well which occurred within the ShoroukConcession Agreement, in which IEOC is thesole operator. Currently in the drilling phase isZohr-2, the first appraisal well of the Zohrdiscovery.

The ‘super giant’ offshore Zohr field ispredicted to hold 849.5bn cu/m of gas, coveringan area of about 100 sq km.

Eni said that the discovery was located at adepth of 1,450 metres, adding that it planned tofast track development of the site, usingexisting infrastructure. It said yet more gasmight be uncovered in future drilling.

The development of the Zohr field is set toplay a major role in closing Egypt’s energy gap.

BP AND OMAN Oil on 14 February signed an agreement with the government of theSultanate of Oman to amend the Oman Block 61 exploration and production sharingagreement (EPSA). Under the amendment, the licence area of the block will be extendedfurther over 1000 sq km to the south and west of the original 2,700 sq km Block 61.BP is the operator of Block 61 with a 60 per cent interest and Oman Oil holds the other

40 per cent.The extension will usher in a second phase of development, accessing additional

resources in the area that have been identified by drilling activity within the original block. Thedevelopment of this additional resource is subject to final approval of the government ofOman and of BP.

The agreement was signed in Muscat byOman minister of oil and gas HE Dr.Mohammed Al Rumhy, BP Group CEO BobDudley, and Oman Oil E&P executive MD JohnMalcolm. HE Dr. Mohammed Al Rumhy said, “I am

delighted to see BP taking additional acreagethat will result in realising more gas reservesand more production of gas that our countryneeds to support our energy planning andrequirements.”Bob Dudley stated, “Khazzan is a major

resource with the potential to produce gas forOman for decades. This expansion of its

development will build on the success we are already seeing in our work on the first phase,working closely with our Omani partners and applying BP’s leading technology and extensivetight gas experience. It clearly demonstrates our commitment to continue to invest in asuperior project that will deliver long-term value to both BP and Oman.”

Production from the Khazzan reservoirs in Block 61 is set to make a significantcontribution to ensure a stable and long-term domestic supply of gas for Oman. Combinedplateau production from Phases 1 and 2 is expected to total approximately 1.5 bcf/d,equivalent to about 40 per cent of Oman’s current total domestic gas production.The Phase 1 project, sanctioned in December 2013, remains on schedule to deliver first

batch in late 2017.The two phases are expected to produce 1.5 cfd through development of 10.5 tcf of

recoverable gas resources. This will involve construction of a three-train central processingfacility with associated gathering and export systems and drilling around 325 wells over a 15year period.

Disruptive technologies will pave the way to energy progress, says survey

BP strengthens commitment to Oman, amends ESPA Egypt’s Ministry ofPetroleum approves Zohrgas field development

The full field development of the Khazzanproject, one of the Middle East’s largestunconventional gas resources, will involve adrilling programme of around 300 wells over 15years (Photo: BP Images/Flickr)

E&P

26%

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9%

19%

Automation andRobotics

Newer undiscovered technology

Big Data Analytics

Enhancedoil recovery

Nanotechnology

Representation of the survey data from 250 respondentshighlighting what they believe are the game-changingtechnologies


S04 ORME 2 2016 -Gas_Layout 1 24/02/2016 15:05

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ITALIAN ENGINEERING AND contracting firm Maire Tecnimont has signedan MoU with the Persian Gulf Petrochemical Industries Co. (PGPIC) worthan estimated US$1.1bn. The agreement will see the two firms collaboratein the construction of refineries and petrochemical research. Thisincludes providing finance, parts and equipment as well as solutions toIran’s processing issues,Mehr news agencyreported.

“Italy is seeking toopen a new chapter in itscooperation with Iran,especially in the oil andpetrochemical industries,”said Maire Tecnimont CEOPierroberto Folgiero onthe sidelines of thesigning ceremony inTehran.

The deal was signed byFolgiero during aceremony with PGPICmanagement. Folgieroconfirmed the Italian company will help Iran build an acrylonitrilebutadiene styrene (ABS) facility as well as a rubber plant in Asaluyeh.

PGPIC is one of the largest petrochemical holding companies in theMiddle East region. It operates 15 manufacturing and service companiesmainly focused in Iran. Maire Tecnimont provides a range of engineeringand construction services for the oil and gas, chemical andpetrochemical, energy, infrastructure and civil engineering sectors.

Last month, Italy’s Saipem signed an MoU with the Parsian Oil & GasDevelopment Company to cooperate on major oil and gas projects in Iran.The deal is worth around US$4.5bn and involves the revamping andupgrading of Shiraz and Tabriz refineries and building 2,000 km of pipelinein Iran.

KUWAIT NATIONAL PETROLEUM Company (KNPC) is seeking toborrow US$10bn from local and international banks for the country'sClean Fuels Project to upgrade two refineries.According to Ahmad Al-Jemaz, deputy CEO of Mina Abdulla

refinery at KNPC, local banks are due to agree next month to lendUS$3bn under favourable terms to Kuwait. The rest of the US$10bnwill be sought frominternational lenders. Theloans will be for Kuwait’sClean Fuels Project toupgrade the Mina Abdullahand Mina Al Ahmadirefineries.“We have seen a good

response to our request forloans to finance the project,”Al-Jemaz told reporters inDubai. “These projects arerelatively low-risk becausethey’re being carried out bygovernment-related entitiesor are public-private partnership projects.”The loans are required to upgrade the Mina Abdullah and Mina Al

Ahmadi refineries. The project, set to be completed by 2019, willproduce diesel and jet fuel for domestic use and export. Thehydrocracker unit at Mina Al-Ahmadi has started producing 42,500bpd, according to Kuwait’s official news agency Kuna.The Mina Abdullah refinery’s capacity will be increased to 454,000

bpd from 270,000 and the Mina Al Ahmadi plant’s capacity will bedecreased to 350,000 bpd from 466,000 bpd as one of its maincrude processing units is retired, Al-Jemaz said.Kuwait is also planning a US$30bn refinery to produce 615,000

bpd, a petrochemical plant and an LNG receiving terminal at Al Zouron the Persian Gulf coast. Financing options include selling shares tothe public in the petrochemical unit and joint ventures.

Maire Tecnimont signs MoU worthUS$1.1bn with PGPIC

FOUR YEARS AFTER they gave the green light to develop the Sadara jointventure, the boards of directors of Saudi Aramco and The Dow ChemicalCompany (Dow) visited Sadara Chemical Company’s (Sadara) industrialcomplex, to witness how this mega project – the largest plastics andchemicals complex ever built in a single phase – has developed, andcommemorate the first product produced at the site. The complex, involvinga total investment of US$20bn, is located in Jubail Industrial City II, in SaudiArabia’s Eastern Province, and is now 98 per cent complete.

The visit was headed by the Saudi Aramco chairman, His ExcellencyKhalid Al-Falih, and Dow chairman and CEO, Andrew N. Liveris.

Sadara successfully launched its first manufacturing unit – SolutionPolyethylene – in December 2015, the first Solution Polyethylene plant in theMiddle East. A phased commissioning and start-up of the rest of the facilitiesis continuing, and the complex is expected to achieve full operations by 2017.

During the visit, Al-Falih said, “Sadara represents a bold undertaking forboth Saudi Aramco and for Dow. For us at Saudi Aramco, it is a major driverin achieving our goals of greater integration and value addition.”

Liveris added, “Sadara is much more than a value-add powerhouse and avital hub of advanced manufacturing. By combining globally competitivefeedstocks with cutting-edge innovation, Sadara will generate billions ofdollars in revenues and create thousands of jobs.”

Ziad Al-Labban, CEO of Sadara, commented, “Through leveraging SaudiAramco’s vast hydrocarbon resources, mega-project expertise, andinfrastructure, and Dow’s market-leading state-of-the-art technologies and

global network, we are confident that the differentiated products Sadara willproduce will create new value chains to support the growth of ourcustomers, and accelerate the development of Saudi Arabia’s downstreammanufacturing industry.”

During the visit, the group was updated on progress of the adjacentPlasChem Park, where investors can utilise Sadara’s products as feedstockfor further conversion to finished products. A number of supply agreementsbetween Sadara and prospective PlasChem tenants have been previouslyannounced:• Supply agreements for ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with Energy

Chemical Sources Company, a joint venture between Halliburton andTAQA, to produce chemicals for the oil and gas industry.

• Two supply agreements with E.A. Juffali & Brothers – one for methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), to be used in polyurethane system houseapplications, and the other for butyl tri-glycol ether (BTG), for theproduction of brake fluids.

To date, Sadara has more than 4,300 employees and more than 60 percent ofthem are Saudis. Almost 2,000 of these employees have completed or arenow completing intensive, technology-centric, on-the-job trainingprogrammes at various Saudi Aramco and Dow sites, in Saudi Arabia andaround the world.

The training is designed to equip them with knowledge of the advancedchemicals production technologies used at the Sadara chemical complex,and the skills necessary to perform their respective roles.

Kuwait seeks US$10bn loan for Clean Fuels Project

Board directors of Saudi Aramco and Dow witness Sadara progress

KNPC is seeking the loan to be able toupgrade two refineries to produce cleanerburning fuel (Photo: Hourann Bosci/Flickr)

Petrochemicals

Iran’s 20-year plan targets producingUS$70bn of petrochemicals a year at currentprices (Photo: Photo Smile/Shutterstock)


S04 ORME 2 2016 -Gas_Layout 1 24/02/2016 15:05

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S05 ORME 2 2016 - Analysis 01_Layout 1 24/02/2016 15:03

http://www.johnzink.com/

BAHRAIN REPRESENTS ONLY asmall part of the Gulf’s vast energyinfrastructure, but, in a sense, it washere that the Middle East’s world oil

domination all began years ago. One of the first countries in the region to

discover oil and build a refinery, Bahrain canbe considered something of a pioneer eventhough it never went on to reach the loftyproduction heights of neighbours like Kuwaitand Saudi Arabia.It was way back in 1932 that the Bahrain

Petroleum Company (Bapco), a subsidiary ofthe Standard Oil Company of California, firstdiscovered the Awali field, with the country’sSitra refinery built a few years later in 1936.A lot has changed since then, of course,

but one ever present face in the industryhas been Bapco, now wholly owned by theBahraini government. It has led the development of the nation’s

upstream and downstream industriesthrough the intervening decades – not tomention Gulf wars and any number ofenergy price fluctuations – creating aplatform for wider development.Bahrain’s energy industry may be small in

size compared to other Gulf states, but ithas allowed the government to create amore balanced and diversified economyoverall in comparison to peer states. The oiland gas sector today represents only arounda fifth of Bahrain's gross domestic product.

Sitra refinery expansion Nonetheless, there is plenty going on inBahrain’s compact energy sector, with theexpansion of the refinery the largest singleproject on the table.The Sitra refinery (also known as the

Bahrain refinery) is performing well after aseries of modernisations through the years,recording production at close to capacity ofaround 265,000 bpd in 2015.Indeed, product exports last year reached

their highest level since 2010, some 92mnbarrels, including diesel, jet fuel, naphtha,among others - all the more impressivegiven the current volatility of oil markets.

Bapco now wants to raise capacitysignificantly at the Sutra facility, however,potentially up to 360,000 bpd by 2020, in aproject that could cost as much as US$5bn.A final investment decision is expected

this year, with project economics no doubtfactoring in the current slump in globalenergy markets. Any decision would also weigh up an

apparent glut of refining capacity that hasemerged following the construction of otherfacilities and plant expansions in SaudiArabia and the UAE.

Still, upgrades through the years haveenabled the current refinery to producestate-of-the-art clean fuels for the market,commanding a higher premium amongbuyers.The next phase is a refinery configuration

project to integrate new units into theexisting facility, which will be overseen byAustralia’s Worleyparsons, which landed aA$120,000 consultancy contract recently. Technip was awarded the front-end

engineering and design work for the mainrefinery upgrade in 2014.

Saudi pipeline project A key part of this strategic refinery upgradeis the creation of a new 350,000 bpdpipeline to be built by Saudi Aramco andBapco to carry more crude oil in from acrossthe border.

Bahrain is less dependent on oil andgas than some of its neighbours (Photo:

Dr Ajay Kumar Singh / Shutterstock)

It is shaping up to be a critical year for Bahrain, as state oil company Bapco grapples with refineryupgrades, gas imports and a new cross-border oil pipeline, says Martin Clark.

Bahrain shuffles the

energy pack

Product exports lastyear reached their highestlevel since 2010”


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Bahrain currently relies on output fromthe Abu Safa oilfield that it shares with SaudiArabia for the vast majority of its oil.The proposed US$300mn link - to be

funded by nogaholding, an investmentvehicle which holds the Bahrainigovernment’s oil and gas assets - wouldreplace an older onshore pipeline with a230,000 bpd capacity. The two sides signedcontracts for the project late last year.And the new pipeline's capacity could be

increased to 400,000 bpd, according toBahrain’s energy minister Abdul-Hussain binAli Mirza.Speaking at a contract signing event in

Manama last September, he said the project“will be finished by the end of 2017 or early2018” and then there will be a six-monthtrial period for the new pipeline, which willrun over 115 km, covering both onshore andoffshore terrain. He added that the oldpipeline was likely to be removed fromservice in the second half of 2018.Agreements to build the pipeline were

signed with Saudi Arabia's Al RobayaHolding Company and the UAE’s NationalPetroleum Construction Company.The decision to build the new pipeline is

perhaps the clearest indication that therefinery boost will go ahead, despite thecurrent uncertainty plaguing energy markets.

Upstream developments Certainly compared to its near neighbours,Bahrain’s upstream oil and gas sector

remains fairly modest. It was in the early 1970s that production

peaked at the Awali field at more than75,000 bpd, but this has fallen back throughthe years. Undeterred, Bahrain has brought in

technical help to restore the field to itsformer glory, signing a 2009 deal with theUSA’s Occidental Petroleum and MubadalaDevelopment Company of the UAE to returncapacity and potentially lift combined oil andgas output to as much as 100,000 bpd.

National Oil & Gas Authority of Bahrain isalso a partner in the upstream initiative,known as Tatweer Petroleum, which isdeploying complex steam and water-floodingtechniques to lift flow rates. The last concrete production figures, for

2014, show crude and condensate outputaveraging 48,800 bpd, while non-associatedgas averaged 2.31 bcf per day.Pulling more gas out of the ground has

become important as demand for energyhas grown.Last year, Britain's Petrofac won a

US$100mn contract to build a 500 mmcfd

gas dehydration facility for TatweerPetroleum.The government has also attracted

interest in exploring the country’s deep gaspotential, utilising advanced drillingtechniques to target new rock formationsalthough this has not, as yet, had anymaterial impact on production.The price of gas is another concurrent

challenge that Bahrain faces, with heavilysubsidised tariffs – equally common acrossthe Gulf – undermining commercial realitiesand potentially deterring would-be investorsseeking a return on upstream ventures.Like the UAE, Kuwait, and a number of

other regional states, Bahrain has had toface up to gas shortages as a result oflimited production and strong energydemand.

LNG imports The short-term plan is to counter this withimported gas supplies.In December, the government awarded a

contract to newly formed joint ventureBahrain LNG to build a floating LNG terminalthat will filter gas from overseas into thedomestic economy for industrial andconsumer use.Bahrain LNG groups nogaholding with an

international consortium of Teekay LNG,Samsung C&T and the Gulf InvestmentCooperation (GIC).The project, to be developed on a 20-year

Build-Own-Operate-Transfer basis, will belocated in the Hidd Industrial area and willhave an initial capacity of 400 mmcfd(expandable to 800 mmcfd), with suppliescommencing in July 2018. GS Engineering & Construction has been

selected as the EPC contractor to build theproject, which will cost an estimatedUS$660mn.Energy minister Mirza said the LNG

terminal will form a vital part of Bahrain’senergy infrastructure of the future, givingthe country greater security of supply forlarge industrial projects, power generationand water for enhanced oil recovery.“Gas demand is rising and we foresee

that gas demand will increase significantlygoing forward as new industrial projects inthe pipeline are developed,” he said. Between 2011 to 2014, Bahrain’s gas

demand rose at an average rate in excess of2.5 per cent per annum, with most of thatincrease sourced from the Khuff gas field. Mirza said it was imperative that the

country provides itself with an option toaccess competitive and economic gassupplies from the global market. “The LNG terminal provides Bahrain with

that option, giving it both an insurance policyin case of potential shortages of gas, andthe ability to supplement domestic gassupplies with gas from LNG.” n

The expansion of the Sitra refineryis on the cards (Photo: Bapco)

The price of gas isanother concurrent challengethat Bahrain faces”


Bahrain


BAHRAIN’S MINISTER OF energy, HE Dr. Abdul Hussain Ali Mirza, stressedBahrain’s commitment to energy efficiency and renewable energydevelopment at the World Future Energy Summit (WFES) held in Abu Dhabi inJanuary. He said that the country’s Intended Nationally DeterminedContribution (INDC) submitted to COP21, focuses on four areas, which wouldinvolve the private and public sectors working together: energy efficiencyand the reduction of CO2 emissions; carbon capture; renewable energy; andthe establishment of a sustainable energy unit to drive forward the kingdom’sINDC commitments. The minister pointed out that all the main statecompanies, such as Bapco, Banagas and Tatweer Petroleum, haveimplemented energy efficiency and carbon capture programmes. He addedthat Bahrain invested US$300mn in renewable energy in 2015, which isexpected to rise to US$500mn by 2020 and US$900mn by 2030, and isencouraging technology research in new areas. The minister said thatBahrain had reduced subsidies for diesel and gasoline, expressing the hopethat the move to reduce subsidies throughout the Gulf would encouragefurther development of renewable energy.

Commitment to clean energy

HE Dr. Abdul Hussain Ali Mirza (second from left) at the WFES ministerial panel session

JAPANESE ENGINEERING FIRM JGC has won a US$355mncontract to design and build a mid-size gas plant for BahrainNational Gas Company (Banagas).

The facility will recover for export liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)and naphtha from associated gases released when extractingcrude oil from the Bahrain oilfield. The plant, slated for completionby September 2018, will be located around 20 km south ofManama and have a daily processing capacity of 9.9mn cu/m. It isreported to be one of the largest projects implemented by thecompany in terms of capital, energy utilisation and providing jobopportunities to Bahrainis.

JGC has a long history of involvement in the kingdom and hascarried out a number of projects since the 1970s, including theconstruction and expansion of several gas processing plants.

In a speech made at the contract signing ceremony, Bahrain’sMinister of Energy HE Dr. Abdul Hussain Ali Mirza, said that theagreement represented a significant milestone for Banagas andadded to the achievements of the energy sector in Bahrain. Hestated that the project is an extension of the strategic investmentmoves made by the National Oil & Gas Authority (NOGA) in 2015,when several projects were implemented, including a US$600mnfloating liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal to handle andprocess gas imports; a US$350mn oil pipeline project between theKingdom of Bahrain and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; aUS$100mn gas dehydration unit, a Tatweer Petroleum facilityaimed to meet the growing domestic gas demand; and a gassupply agreement between the Bahrain Petroleum Company(Bapco) and Aluminium Bahrain (Alba), which added a sixthproduction line with the deal.

Gas plant contract signed


Bahrain


http://www.surajgroup.com/

“THE MIDDLE EAST and Africa is a significant marketfor us, accounting for around 10-12 per cent of ourglobal revenues, and we’ve been investing in theMiddle East in a sustained fashion to get closer to

customers and enhance our capabilities in the region,” says Train. The process automation giant has recently tripled floor space and

enhanced the manufacturing capabilities of its Jebel Ali facility. Itnow has manufacturing and service capabilities in the UAE, its mainregional hub, as well as Saudi Arabia, and service centres in severalother countries, including Qatar and Iraq. “We are now producing a good part of our global delivery in the

region, which cuts down time and supplychains,” Train adds. “We have anumber of experts based in theMiddle East, offering consultancyservices, project management, andlife cycle support. And we keep onadding more and better capabilitiesin the UAE and across the region.So over the last 10 years we’vereally evolved our presence here.“Iraq is still proceeding with

significant spend and has been veryreceptive to our solutions, particularly

around using wireless as a fast and easyway of implementing solutions in

the field. Our operations aregoing well in Qatar, Kuwait hasbeen great at adopting newand innovative ways of doingthings, and we are seeingour business grow in SaudiArabia, where they areinterested in solutions thatmake a difference and arecontinuing to invest at asustained pace.”While the company

serves a number of markets that use process automation, oil andgas is the largest market for its sales globally. “We’ve felt someimpact from the drop in the oil price across our oil and gas businessglobally; we saw demand slacken off initially for maintenance andreplacement items and then saw projects being postponed,” remarksTrain. “However other parts of the business, such as powergeneration and downstream chemicals, have experienced reasonableactivity.

“In the Middle East the picture is somewhat different; our MiddleEast oil and gas business has actually grown, as operators are stillinvesting with a long-term view, and are motivated in different ways.But they’re clearly affected by the price drop, and are seeking to bemore efficient.”

Mike Train, president global sales,Emerson Process Management

Emerson Process Management is going from strength to strength in the Middle East, as companiesseek to become more efficient in the downturn. Oil Review spoke to Mike Train, the company’spresident, global sales.

Helping to promote efficiency

in the downturn

Our Middle East oil and gas businesshas actually grown, as operators are stillinvesting with a long-term view”

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Growth areas“One area that has been growing strongly isthe midstream sector – ie pipelines andterminals,” Train continues. “The resetting ofthe global energy balance means thatenergy is flowing in different directionsaround the world, and there has been a lotof investment in logistics, commercialcapabilities, storage and transportation. Weare looking to create more solutions in thisarea – this is a pretty big focus for us.”Explaining how Emerson’s solutions can

promote labour efficiency and reliability, Traincomments, “We can use a piece ofautomation to gather informationelectronically and eliminate the need formanual input. We also have tools that canpromote more reliable plant, platform orpipeline operations by, for example, givingan early warning of potential problems toavoid unplanned shutdowns. While ourenergy management solutions can reallyimpact the bottom line for customers, as thecost of energy is typically high for most ofthe industries we serve.”Emerson recently secured a major

project win in Egypt, where it has beenselected to provide automation and reliabilitytechnologies and services for CarbonHoldings’ US$6.9bn Tahrir PetrochemicalsProject at Ain Sokhna, which will be thelargest petrochemicals plant in Egypt andthe largest naphtha cracker in the worldwhen completed. Emerson will apply bestpractice technologies and services to helpensure the facility is completed on time andwithin budget. Engineering services willinclude designing the plant for optimumavailability and a robust reliability programmethat includes consulting services, equipmenthealth monitoring and a reliability servicecentre for ongoing support and expertise.“Safety and security solutions are also in

demand,“ Train continues. “We want toenable things digitally without compromisingsecurity. The technology is now available toenable people to operate remotely and useexpertise from multiple locations, as well asto keep people out of hazardous locations.

When updating or making new investments,we need to consider how we can build inremote and collaborative types of featuresand systems in the future.”

Emerson’s integrated operationscommand centre (iOps) was one of thecompany’s main focuses at ADIPEC 2015.With the use of smart technology andsensors, this enables the sharing of data inreal-time from various locations, facilitating acollaborative workflow, fostering moreeffective decision making and enabling aswift reaction to critical events. A scenariodemonstrated was one where an offshorefield and onshore processing facilities, tankfarm and terminal were being run from aremote Integrated Operations CommandCentre. There were equipment issues thatthe system brought to the attention of thestaff in the Command Centre, and it waspossible to perform root cause analysisremotely, and quickly send the right partsand people to fix these problems.“At ADIPEC we demonstrated several

new technologies we haven’t featuredbefore,” says Train. “We’ve built up ourcapabilities in pervasive sensing, enabling alot more measurements to be taken tooperate the complete business for thecustomer – it goes way beyond processcontrol. We’ve been building out a broad setof measurement capabilities and havereduced the cost of capturing thosemeasurements, using analytics to digestthem and presenting them throughdashboards to customers. We’ve beenactively developing additional products inthis space, and developing our wirelesscapabilities.”

While Emerson’s customers havetraditionally been the instrumentation controldepartments, the company is now looking tobroaden its customer base to departmentsconcerned with areas such as energymanagement, environmental control, humanresources as well as to CFOs themselves,raising awareness around how automationcan benefit their businesses. The current environment is prompting

people to take a step back and question oldparadigms, Train comments. “We’vedeveloped some great technologies, as haveother suppliers, but they’re not alwaysreadily adopted, because thought processesneed to change. Now there is morereceptiveness to change management.Projects have become more complex andexpensive, costs have been going up,schedules getting tougher, overspendsbecoming more commonplace. In thecurrent scenario we’re really having to becareful and have been raising the discussionwith industry around project certainty andbetter projects; how do we collectively resetthe costs, get the schedule variances closer,become more efficient, eliminate duplicationand unnecessary work? How can weautomate processes to help us do thingsmore efficiently? Can systems self-automatethe documentation, self-setup and downloadthe instruments to autoconfigure, forexample? The low oil price might be with usfor a long time – if that’s the case we’regoing to have to find better ways of working.How do we get people to change, how dowe get the leaders to lead the change?

“It’s helped us to shed some of our ownparadigms too; we’re making changes to theway we work and streamlining our businessunits, in line with our customers.”

The next stepSo what’s next for Emerson in the MiddleEast? “Our next project is a Dubai Solutionsand Educational Centre in our Dubai facilitywhich we’ll be launching in June, along thelines of similar centres we operate aroundthe world,” says Train. “The Centre will haveadvanced global conferencing capabilities, asolutions theatre, an immersive experiencefacility, and a training facility. This will enableour customers to have discussions in acollaborative space about the challengesthey face in specific industries orapplications, and talk to our experts to seehow we can help them with differentapproaches and solutions; ie it will operateas a high level customer experience centre.“Emerson recently broke ground on the

site for its new technology development,customer training, and project supportfacility in Dhahran Techno Valley in SaudiArabia, which will provide services andsupport to the oil and gas, mining and otherprocess industries across the Kingdom,The signing of the MoU with Carbon Holdings (Mike Train is second from right)

The currentenvironment is promptingpeople to take a step backand question old paradigms”


Interview


The ground-breaking of the Dhahran Techno Valley facility


Interview

developing automation solutions, deliveringlifecycle services, and training local talent. Itwill lead to greater collaboration betweenEmerson, its customers and localuniversities, complementing the company’smanufacturing capabilities in Jubail.“A major concern of our customers is

their people, and investing appropriately tofoster the right skill sets as the oldergeneration retires and the new generation

comes up through the ranks,” commentsTrain. “We are very proactive in theeducation space, and are able to deliverprogrammes whether on-site, in ourcentres, on-line or through a blendedapproach. This is a big focus for us, and hasbeen very much welcomed by ourcustomers as they look for ways to impartthe required skills to enable theirbusinesses to move forward.” n

This will enable ourcustomers to havediscussions in a collaborativespace about the challengesthey face in specificindustries or applications”


http://www.transasiapipelines.com/

THE GLOBAL OIL market remainsoversupplied, and there are concernsover the extent of remaining storagespace, with the prospect of at least

another year of high stock builds. Marketoptimists hold out for supply and demand toconverge in the latter parts of the year;however, demand growth is likely to slowfrom last year’s record levels, not least giventhe slowing economic growth rate in China.While non-OPEC supply, particularly USshale production, has started to decline, it isfar from reaching a pace at which it alonecould bring supply into convergence withdemand this year. Iran, freed from its international

constraints, emerges the foremost weighton any balancing of supply and demand inthe coming 12-18 months, with its plans tointroduce crude volumes to the marketpreviously denied by sanctions. Iran is notalone in planning for growth, either. Iraq isstill hoping for some further volumes to bedelivered to the markets from its collectionof slowing megaprojects. This means thatinternal OPEC cooperation is under greaterthreat than any possible cooperation withnon-OPEC exporters, where interests couldrelatively easily converge.OPEC quotas are currently not relevant,

as most member states have beenproducing to full capacity for several years,while a few members, chiefly Saudi Arabia,Iraq, Kuwait and the UAE, have raised theiroutput since the financial crisis in order tobalance market tightness in the 2011-2014period, or in Iraq’s case, in order to marketthe output from its megaprojects. Moreover,non-OPEC growth has been stellar in thelast few years, creating a structuraloversupply in the crude market. As the nowwell-known narrative goes, output cuts byOPEC would just transfer market shares togrowing suppliers elsewhere, particularly inthe USA. That narrative holds true on astrategic level, however, focusing entirely onthis misses a more tactical point. The marketshares most strongly fought over today are

the Southeast and East Asian market ingeneral and the Chinese market in particular.The fight over those does not standbetween OPEC and US shale oil exports –now that those are allowed – but chieflybetween Gulf OPEC members themselves,with Russia on the margin.

An overwhelming majority of the crudeexported from the Gulf goes eastwards, andAsia is also the region set to dominateglobal demand growth in the comingdecades. Hence, building, holding andstrengthening market share there is ofstrategic importance. Saudi price postingssince the second half of 2014 havefrequently displayed the kingdom’s interest

in maintaining and defending its Asianexposure, and as Iran emerges fromsanctions, it will be interesting to seewhether the very generous credit lines andpayment terms offered to its remainingclients since sanctions started, will be rolledback in their entirety.Iran now faces a long and costly way

back, in trying to place in effect newvolumes on the market at a time ofoversupply and the direct pressure this isgoing to put on the oil price. Iraq, on theother hand, has, like Saudi Arabia, Kuwaitand the UAE, been able to gain benefitsfrom Iran being denied much of its marketshare, but has also had a hard time takingfull advantage of them. Like Iran, Iraq has brought new volumes

to the market and has had to find buyers. Itsefforts have at times been hindered byquality problems, as well as doubts over thecountry’s reliability. Asian buyers are amongthe most political-risk savvy, in the sensethat they have for decades been willing topay a very visible premium for security ofsupply. Doubts over Iraq’s stability as an

Iraq is bringing new volumes on to the market(Photo: rasoulali / Shutterstock)

The return of Iranian production after sanctions, amid continued growth in Iraq and highSaudi production levels, means competition for the all-important Asian market is gettingtough. Sam Ciszuk reports.

Inter-OPEC competition

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An overwhelmingmajority of the crudeexported from the Gulf goeseastwards”


Analysis


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exporter have benefitted other Gulfproducers, as well as suppliers further afield,such as West African and South Americanproducers.

Progress in quality issuesWith regard to quality issues, however, Iraqhas been able to make more headway. Thechanges in crude flows and productionstemming from Iraq’s megaprojects have forsome years now caused fluctuations in thequality of the southern export grade, BasraLight. New production from previouslyuntouched horizons and, more importantly,increased production from some of the largesouthern oilfields, pushed the grade in adecidedly more heavy-sour direction.Uneven flows, however, made the impactunpredictable. The uneven quality resulted incancellations even to the point of shipsrejecting loadings at Iraq’s southernterminals, while discounts over the pastyears became common. In order to mitigate the problem on a

permanent basis, Iraq’s State Oil MarketingOrganisation (SOMO) last year startedmarketing a new crude grade – Basra Heavy,which has quickly mended the situation for

SOMO. Uptake has been very good andquality has stabilised quite quickly around23.81 API degrees. Output fluctuated in thesecond half of the year, as a result of themore systemic issues with Iraq’s oil output,but August saw purchases topping 900,000bpd, although the average for the June-December sales of the grade came in at735,000 bpd. SOMO is hoping to be selling1.1 mn bpd within three years, meaning thatBasra Heavy is seen as the main growthgrade in its forecasts. In June 2015 Chinesebuyers imported only around two millionbarrels of Basra Heavy, however, by the endof the year Chinese companies wereimporting 10 mn barrels per month, anaverage for the period of 3.6 mn barrels permonth. India came in not far below that,with imports averaging 3.3 mn barrels permonth during the seven month period thecrude was marketed. By the end of the year,a significant uptake was also noted in Japan,however, for the seven month average, 34per cent of the Basra Heavy quality endedup being sold to Europe, with considerableamounts of that being diverted to the USAen route.Having successfully established a new

crude grade and overcome one of its mainmarketing challenges, Iraq is reluctant toback down. So is Iran as it starts deliveringhigher volumes of exports. Competition,mainly between Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran,is already taking place and is likely todeepen further. Announcements like the mid-February

agreement between the Saudi, Qatari,Venezuelan and Russian oil and energyministers to freeze production levels atcurrent levels – if other main producersagree – hence carry an irony, given theexisting oversupply and Asian market sharetension. Moreover, such a statement is achallenge to Iran, which is just embarkingon the recovery of its former market shareand now yearns to reap the dividend ofsanctions being lifted. More supply will haveto come off in other parts of the world andalleviate the competing position of the Gulfproducers through global knock-on effects,before the main players will all findthemselves in a position from which itmakes sense to negotiate, even from apurely market-oriented perspective. ForAsian buyers in particular, that is goodnews. n


Analysis


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AS THE WORLD’S populationcontinues to expand andtechnology advances ever further,garbage production continues to

increase along with associated problemssuch as stench, harmful bacteria andpollution, leading to disease and untoldmisery for many.

Now imagine that garbage as we know itbecame a thing of the past and that therewas a system to convert it into a useful fuel,with an added by-product – water. Imaginealso the implications this would have onmankind, wildlife and the environment.

Marine Assets Corporation (MAC), alongwith its partners, has developed a uniquecontainerised system to do exactly this.Launching first in the Middle East, theGarbage Converter Container can tacklewaste from onshore and offshore facilitiesand remote islands as well as municipal,retail and domestic waste.

To deal with larger volumes of wasteoffshore, the company has also developedthe Garbage Converter Vessel, designed todeal specifically with garbage accumulatingon remote oil rigs and remote offshorefacilities. The vessel collects rig garbage on-board and converts it into refuse derived fuel

(RDF) whilst operating in the field, reducingthe need for costly trips back and forth toshore. The vessel can, at the same time, beutilised as a supply and emergency vesselequipped with firefighting equipment as wellas deploying oil spill and recovery systems.

Andy Walker, sales director at MAC, said,“We looked at the current problemsspecifically offshore and quickly identifiedthat firstly, there is problem with garbage;secondly, nobody appeared to be doinganything about it; and thirdly, the problem isgetting bigger by the day.”

The DNV-specified containerised unitreduces the volume of the waste by up to80 per cent whilst also reducing the weightby as much as 50 per cent by utilising itsunique patented evaporation technology toremove the water content from the garbage.

The conceptRaw garbage, either loose or in bin bags, isthrown into the converter chamber and thelid is closed, creating a vacuumenvironment. Once the cycle begins, theblades inside the chamber rotate at a highspeed to grind and macerate the waste. Theresultant friction causes the garbagetemperature to rise to around 85°C,releasing the moisture content of thegarbage. Once the moisture content isremoved the temperature, again throughfriction, rises to around 115ºC, whichsterilises the waste. Due to the vacuumenvironment created by the process, there isno smell during or after the cycle. Safety andshutdown features protect the system at alltimes during the cycles, along with useridentification and password protection toavoid unauthorised access and operation ofthe system.

The outcome Dry, sterilised inert processed garbage orRDF resembling ‘fluff’, is then dispensedinto a holding bin that contains a sealablevacuum bag. The RDF can be stored formonths before being used as a fuelsubstitute or being disposed of.

In essence, the process allows for theequivalent of eight fully loaded garbage binsto be converted into one bin of dry, sterilefuel substitute. The converter can treatmaterials including food, plastics, glass,rubber, paper, tins, etc.

Each cycle is complete in between 25-35minutes depending on the moisture contentof the waste. Under normal conditions, theconverter container can process the garbageof a rig with a personnel on board (POB)complement of up to 250 people who wouldnormally generate on average around 500 kg

The Garbage Converter container by MAC,currently undergoing trials at Specialist ServicesLLC facility in Abu Dhabi (Photo: MAC)

The first containerised garbage converter by Marine Assets Corporation (MAC) not only disposes ofwaste, but makes it ‘ disappear’ altogether. An exclusive report by Oil Review Middle East.

Do away with offshore garbage

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Launching first in theMiddle East, the GarbageConverter Container cantackle waste from on andoffshore facilities andremote islands as well asmunicipal, retail anddomestic waste.”


Technology


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of garbage per day. This particular convertercontainer can process around 35 kg percycle with a mixture of wet and dry garbage.Larger machines are capable of processing500 to 1,000 kg in a single cycle and arealso available from MAC.

The current containerised systemproduces around 15 litres of water per cycle,again depending on the initial moisturecontent. This can be used for irrigation,further purified for use in processes or sentdirectly to the sewers.

Walker revealed that during recent trialsand demonstrations for prominent oil andgas companies in the UAE, the responsewas incredibly positive, with attendeesimpressed with the machine’s QHSE,environmental and operational costreduction benefits as they continuouslystrive to find new and innovative ways tohelp the environment and develop greenerpolicies within the industry, whilst reducingcosts to their own operations.

“We initially looked specifically at the oiland gas sector; however it soon becameclear that garbage is a problem faced byeveryone,” said Walker.

“We identified the generic garbageproblem with each industry specifically inthe UAE and worked with this in mind. Nowwe have a solution for dealing witheveryone’s garbage. We don’t expect tochange the world garbage problemovernight, however by tackling it head on wehope to begin to make a difference changingpeople’s perception of what garbage is aswell as what it can be transformed into, aswe make inroads towards zero landfill in thefuture,” he added.

Two units have already entered themarket, and MAC is now looking to increaseits fleet this year and beyond.

Speaking about the garbage converterbeing essential and critical for offshoreoperations, Walker said, “The biggest taskfor offshore operators is to reduce costs.Utilising the Garbage Converter Containerreduces waste volumes by 80 per cent,which directly impacts the transportation ofthat waste. The fact that the waste is nowessentially a fuel and a desired commodityis an added bonus, the sale of which can beoffset against either purchase or rentalcosts. From a QHSE perspective, thehazards that rotting waste presents are alsoremoved, protecting personnel frombacterial infections, vermin and foodpoisoning, thus further reducing down timeand cost. The storage of the processed RDFis easier and cleaner and clients that utilisethe system don’t have to worry aboutcarrying their hazardous garbage around. Itreally is an economically sound proposition.”

The converter container series is housed

in a standard 20’ ISO container and is usedfor treating general household, organic andinfected waste. The unit’s weight is around12,000 kg and consumes power at 140amps 3 phase 400 volts. The design conceptis “plug and play”, allowing very fastmobilisation, installation and maintenance ofthe units. It is easy to operate and ispassword protected.

The low maintenance converter ismarketed in the UAE and Gulf region byMarine Assests Corporation DMCC, alongwith its strategic partners.

The units can also be customised forhazardous zone 2 areas if required.

The containers are also very scalable – a10-foot container is available, designedspecifically for use on jack-up rigs wherespace is at a premium.

Large converter machines can also bepurchased from MAC as standalone fixedsystems dealing with large quantities ofwaste. For a central processing facility MACwill specify, install, commission and maintaina purpose-built converter system.

“As long as garbage exists and continuesto be produced, we will try to convert asmuch as we can into a useful commodityinstead of dumping it out of sight where itdamages the environment, pollutes ournatural resources and heaps misery ontopeople less fortunate than ourselves,”concluded Walker. n

For more information, please [email protected].

Dry, sterilised, inert processed garbage or RDF resembling ‘fluff’ is created out of the miscellaneousgarbage that may include glass, food, steel and rubber, amongst other waste matter (Photo: MAC)

The converter systemis a perfect fit with our ownenvironmental policies andsits well in our portfolio ofproducts and services. Weare delighted to have signeda contract with MAC tosupply the convertercontainer, complimenting itwith our own service andmaintenance facilities.” - MI SWACO, part of Schlumbergergroup of companies and one of thestrategic partners working with MAC inthe region


Technology

MAC sales director Andy Walker (Photo: MAC)

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Chris Shennan, global leader, Korn Ferry Hay Group, argues that companies need to find a balancebetween the need to cut costs and the need to manage the consequences.

Last year was a brutal year for the oiland gas sector. Oil prices, which hadcollapsed from US$110 to US$58 inlate 2014, not only failed to bounce

back but in fact fell further still. Cutbacks incapital expenditure, manpower and assetsfollowed accordingly. Flicking through thismagazine demonstrates that tough timesare set to continue.

So what are the implications for theindustry and its people practices in a contextwhere low prices may stretch to 2018? Hereat Korn Ferry Hay Group, we’re calling it‘cutting costs but not engagement’.Although it sounds paradoxical, this positionrecognises that it’s only through carefulbalancing of the need to cut costs, with theneed to manage the consequences, that willallow companies to survive.

The adjustment to new realities has beenpainful. But many companies need to domore. When we compare internalbenchmarks to 2010, when the price wasclose to double its current value, we can seethat a further 15 per cent may need to be cut from many budgets in order to stay profitable.

We know from previous cost-cuttingrounds – 2008-09 being the best recentexample – that standardised ‘across theboard’ cuts are ineffective. They starve vitalareas and can be too lenient on others.Instead, we advise that cost cuttingbecomes a continuous exercise, building up capability in cost management rather than partaking in a one-off costreduction exercise.

Employee incentives are part of thiscultural change, and it’s up to HRdepartments to help shift perceptions fromwhere employees feel that they’re sufferingthe consequences of cost reduction, towhere they feel like they’re sharing in itsbenefits. Remember the basics – the fact isthat this industry is still around 10 per centbetter paid than the all-industry average.Communicating the value of compensationand benefits can go a long way.

Knowing, as we do, that cutting costs isnecessary, and also likely to negativelyimpact engagement, what can organisationsdo to survive the price recession withoutalienating the very people they rely on? Wehave identified three key areas of focus:Step 1 – Identify the most strategicallyimportant capabilities. You need to identifythose skills that are most critical to thedelivery of a differentiated service, but are

relatively scarce in the market. By mappingout strategic capabilities, organisations canfocus on investing in the people they reallyneed. This will also sharpen focus on wherethere may be a need to outsourcecapabilities that are readily accessible or addlimited value, standardise and centralise

capabilities needed across the business orrefocus capabilities to enhance impact. Step 2 – Build capabilities. Havingestablished the most critical roles,organisations should identify the individualsand roles that act as feeder roles into thesevital capabilities and focus on developingthose people. By highlighting developmentgaps, these employees will be able to seethe journey, including relevant experiencesand qualifications they need to be able to move into these positions in anaccelerated manner.Step 3 – Build the vision to keep thesecapabilities with you, The industry remainswell paid in comparison to the generalmarket. However, usually someone else willoffer more, and in these times, we can’tafford to be buying retention with largebonuses or pay rises. The best protectionagainst such behaviour is a compellingemployee proposition.

Ask yourself, do we define our approachin key areas? And do our employees believein it? The most important areas to consider,from your employees’ perspective, are:Quality of work:What makes our workmore challenging and/or prestigious?Work-life balance: Do we recognise andcater for the differing expectations by agegroup, gender and skill set?Future growth:What do we see as ouremployees’ growth options and what do wedo to get our people there?Values: What is it about us that is distinctiveand inspiring?Environment: Do we provide the clarity ofresponsibility and necessary tools to achievehigh performance?

There is no doubt that 2016 will be a challenging year. Those able to instil a cost-centric discipline across their organisationand a sharp focus on protecting the peoplecrucial for strategic success will findthemselves best able to survive thesestormy conditions and, importantly, take advantage of calmer waters whenthey arrive. n

Cutting costs, but not

engagement

By mapping outstrategic capabilities,organisations can focus oninvesting in the people theyreally need.”

Chris Shennan, global leader, Korn Ferry Hay Group


Human Resources


THE OIL, GAS and petrochemicals industry finds itself in highlyturbulent times in the early months of 2016. The collapse incrude oil prices, global stock market uncertainty and theslowdown in Chinese growth have combined to give us some

of the toughest times that we’ve faced, certainly in recent years. Thishas hugely impacted profitability for companies in the sector and,inevitably, budgets have been cut, particularly in those areas ofdiscretionary expenditure such as travel, conferences and skillsdevelopment.Those of us working in the training sector certainly feel the

impact of this. There is definitely less money being spenton training, delegate bookings are coming much laterand there is a shift from public courses to in-housecourses as companies seek the very best value formoney.Arguably, skills development in the Middle East

is now perhaps more important than ever. Thereare ambitious localisation programmes across theGCC, with challenging quotas to be met. As theindustry matures, it needs to move away fromsuch a strong reliance on expatriate labour andachieve a sustainable and cost-effective approach,with a steady supply of highly skilled local talent. Ofcourse, this isn’t easy, especially at the outset,with all industries actively chasing thebest graduates and skilled, motivatedpeople.With this greater emphasis on

local labour, real skills developmentis essential, involving competencydriven programmes, withmeasurable outcomes, usingcarefully selected and high qualitytraining providers. The focus onoutcomes and quality will be thekeys to success. There also has to be more

involvement of functional leadersin the training and developmentprocess. It isn’t enough simply tosend someone on a trainingcourse and expect them to beimmediately more effective inthe workplace. Instead therehas to be a focus on the newlyacquired skills and how to usethese in the workplace. Thisneeds pre- and post-course

discussions with the line manager, together with the setting of someclear and measurable objectives related to the training, which willallow the new skills to be put to active use and the impacts activelymeasured. The impact of the training course should be reviewed withthe employee several months after the event, to ensure that theoutcomes have been achieved.As the oil and gas industry has grown in the Middle East, so has

the training industry, with a proliferation of training providers, someof which are very good indeed and some of which are, frankly, poor.Buyers need to have much more focus on exactly what it is they arebuying, and focus on the credentials and experience of thoseactually providing the training. Good training means having goodcontent – but this alone is not enough. If it cannot bedelivered in an engaging and interesting way, the impact willbe lost.

I see clear signs that the above messages are beingtaken on board in the region. I recently worked with apetrochemicals major, delivering a bespoke programme forshift team leaders. We had considerable discussion on thespecific requirements prior to the events, includingmeetings at site with functional leadership and other keystakeholders, such as HR. Of course such an approach takesmore time and effort (and in truth costs a little more too), but

the impact is far better than it otherwise might havebeen. The company sent senior managers to

open the training sessions and explainexactly why they were being conducted.They also attended at the end of theevent to listen to the presentationsand action plans of the trainingdelegates and to outline the relatednext steps.

In summary, there are a numberof key points. Firstly, training anddevelopment absolutely must notstop, despite the current financial‘crisis’. Secondly, there has to be agreater focus on incorporating thetraining process much more into theoverall development plans of staff,with much more involvement ofline managers and closecollaboration between them andthe training department. Finally,localisation programmes mustremain a priority. These are the keyto future sustainable success ofcompanies in the region. n

Andy Gibbins, CEO, GLAS Consulting FZE

Education and skills development is more important now than ever before, saysAndy Gibbins, CEO, GLAS Consulting FZE.

The need for a renewed focus on

education and skills


Education & Skills

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ONE HUNDRED AND ninety-five Omanijobseekers are being employed as welderson PDO’s Rabab Harweel integrated oil andgas mega project, following their graduationto the highest international standard on itsinternational welding programme.Therecruits have successfully completed 20months’ training and are taking up positionswith two of the company’s main contractors,CCC and Al Turki Enterprises.

The PDO-funded vocational trainingscheme combines theory and practice andqualifies trainees up to 6G level – the mostadvanced – which is recognised byinternational accreditation bodies such asThe Welding Institute (TWI) and theAmerican Welding Society, enablingparticipants to work in the welding field inthe oil and gas sector anywhere in theworld. The recruits underwent their trainingat the RAY Skills Development’s Halbanworkshop in Muscat, with another 200scheduled to begin the next 6G course soon.

The 6G programme offers an enhancedfinancial and retention package forparticipants and is the first in the region tohave a TWI-accredited centre outside theUK. The aim is for the programme to serveas a benchmark for the entire oil and gassector and other industries in the Sultanate.

PDO Managing Director Raoul Restuccisaid, “We are immensely proud that wehave been able to help these young menprogress into fulfilling careers as welders,starting with our mega project at RababHarweel, which is of vital strategicimportance to the nation.

“This is another success story for ourNational Objectives programme which is allabout creating meaningful and rewardingtraining and employment opportunities forOmanis.”

The programme has so far generatedaround 20,000 training and job opportunities

since 2011 in various fields coveringmechanical, electrical engineering,instrumentation, the installation ofscaffolding, carpentry and blacksmithing.

The 6G scheme has been supervised byPDO external affairs director Abdul-Amir AlAjmi, whose role has recently beenbroadened to also lead the company’s In-Country Value (ICV) programme to retainmore of the oil and gas industry’s wealth inOman. As well as training and job creation,he will also oversee efforts to establishrobust and sustainable local supply chains byworking closely with Omani businessesincluding small and medium enterprises(SMEs).

He said, “I am delighted to be appointedto this expanded role and am determined tobuild on the great work that has alreadybeen achieved in ICV, including thesuccessful training of so many young

Omanis as welders. Oil and gas facilitiesneed maintenance, so the weldingprofession is indispensable, and it will openup broad prospects for the trainees,especially with the scarcity of qualifiedOmanis in the field of welding.

“We are already delivering many othersignificant projects and have more excitinginitiatives in the planning stages, designedto secure long-term sustainable commercialbenefits for the Sultanate.”

PDO’s efforts to create more job andtraining opportunities is not limited to the oiland gas industry, according to Al Ajmi.Recently the company signed aMemorandum of Understanding (MoU) withthe Omani Contractors Association, bywhich both parties will collaborate in seekingto promote Omanisation through trainingand direct employment in the constructionsector.

The graduates display their certificates

PDO accelerates localisation efforts with new initiatives


Education & Skills


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AAPGMiddle East 2016 EVENTS CALENDAR

IMPERIAL BARREL AWARD6 March 2016 • Manama, Bahrain

MIDDLE EAST GEOSCIENCES CONFERENCEAND EXHIBITION (GEO)7–10 March 2016 • Manama, Bahrain

AAPG/EAGE/SEG/SPE THE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE23–24 March 2016 • Abu Dhabi, UAE

AAPG/SEG INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEAND EXHIBITION (ICE)3–6 April 2016 • Barcelona, Spain

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SPE/AAPG E&P DATA MANAGEMENT& ANALYTICS: ENABLING CAPITAL EFFICIENCY9–11 May 2016 • Muscat, Oman

AAPG/SEG ADVANCES IN SUBSURFACE IMAGING & MAPPING16–18 May 2016 • Muscat, Oman

AAPG ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION19–22 June 2016 • Calgary, Alberta, Canada

AAPG/SEG INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEAND EXHIBITION (ICE)6–9 September 2016 • Cancun, Mexico

SPE/AAPG/EAGE SHALE PLAY WORKSHOP21–23 November 2016 • Muscat, Oman

CONTINUING INVESTMENT IN human capital isessential for the future resilience of the oil andgas industry and should not be regarded as anarea of discretionary spend that can be cut, saidAyman Asfari, CEO of Petrofac, in a presentationat IP Week in London on 9 February.

Asfari commented that with swingeing jobcuts and the retirement of mature andexperienced skilled workers, the industry islosing valuable skills at a time when projectcomplexity is increasing.

“In this oil price environment we must try tooperate and deliver projects more efficiently,and look for innovative engineering solutions toenable this,” he said. “Costs are being squeezedand project execution has to be flawless, so theneed is even higher to retain the best talent todeliver projects to the highest standards. It’smore important than ever to do this at 30 dollaroil, because margins of error are thinner.Unfortunately what we’re seeing right now isthat investment in training and development isthe first thing to be sacrificed.

“We must continually monitor and assess thecapability and competence we have, makingsure that the right tools are in place to do so and

taking action to address gaps andinefficiencies,” he went on. “Given the job cutsmade in the current environment it is essentialwe know where our strengths and weaknesseslie.

“Without this knowledge we will be makingpoor investment decisions in training anddevelopment, and we cannot afford that at thistime.

“We need to continue to invest in training anddevelopment, and ensure that this prepares ourpeople for the challenges they will be facingtoday. We need to build training programmesthat nurture talent and are geared to ‘GenerationY’, offering them professionally and personallyrewarding experiences and careers, mixing e-learning, social networking for interaction withpeers, and greater access to communicationwith top management,” he continued.

At Petrofac’s academy for graduates, entrantsfor its engineering project management andtechnical training programmes are supported byexperts and mentors throughout their careerswith the company. Petrofac hires up to 400 newgraduates a year, mainly from the countries inwhich it operates, one third of these being

female. Asfari stressed the importance ofshowing these young graduates that there is along term career for them in the business. “Ifthey see they may be let go after a while, theywill not be attracted to the industry.”

Asfari also highlighted the importance oftraining in technical trades where competenceof operators is critical. Petrofac, which hasaround 70 training centres throughout the worldwhere it provides training for its clients, hasdeveloped integrated training programmeswhere participants get training and experiencein operating plants and dealing with every formof disaster. “In Malaysia for example we haveupgraded Petronas’s INSTEP facility for trainingall its upstream operations personnel, and aremanaging it on their behalf. The value creationof such programmes is very large,” he noted.

“Finally we need to capture the knowledgeand experience of the generation that is about toretire,” he said.

“In spite of the challenges it is important notto lose focus on development and skills and theresilience of the resource pool,” Asfariconcluded. “Our people drive up performance,and that requires continuous investment.”

Petrofac CEO stresses the need for continuing investment in human capital


Education & Skills


http://www.aapg.org/

AS USE OF natural gas soars in the USA, the EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) has launched a research projectinto ways of cutting the level of emissions from the largecompressors used to process, transmit and store this key

commodity. Effort has been focused on methane and volatile organiccompounds, and an exploratory White Paper (discussion document)was launched for peer review two years ago*. Local developments like the GCC’s undersea Dolphin scheme

have focused attention on powering the expanding gas industry in

a responsible way in the Middle East, too, so there is much to belearned about emissions mitigation from current research into theproblem in the West. The main strength of this work-in-progress document is that it

explains the technologies of large-scale compressor operation – bothreciprocating and centrifugal types, irrespective of the source ofpower – for the benefit of utility operators who are not transmissionspecialists. This is done in the form of straightforward process

descriptions accompanied by generic diagrams. These explain mostof the terms and sub-components used in the gas industry. All USemissions figures for the different processes are presented for onerecent year, reciprocating (positive displacement) equipment beingthe type of compressor most widely used at all stages. Readersshould note that the interpretation of these figures in a fast-growingmarket is not straightforward.

Increasing attention is being directed to reducing emissions fromcompressors (Photo: Budimir Jevtic / Shutterstock)

The correct selection and maintenance of grid-scale natural gas compressors – both positivedisplacement and centrifugal types – canreduce losses of methane and VOCs.

Keeping compressor emissions

under control

Local developments have focusedattention on powering the expanding gasindustry in a responsible way in the Middle East”


Technology

S10 ORME 2 2016 - Technology_Layout 1 24/02/2016 14:57

http://www.npc.com.sa/company/

Reciprocating compressors are of the crankshaft/piston type andare particularly subject to physical wear and tear in use, says theEPA. This is due to deterioration of the packing materials surroundingthe mechanical components such as the connecting rods whichtransmit drive from the prime mover. This assembly consists of a series of flexible rings sitting in machined metal cups that surroundthe piston driver and form an effective gas seal.Over time, these individual rings inevitably become worn, leading

to emissions of processed gas from the nose gasket, from betweenthe cups themselves, and from between the individual rings and thedrive shaft. These unwanted emissions are normally vented and lostto the atmosphere.In the case of centrifugal compressors which rely on rotating

impellers for the pressure energy they impart, the emissions arise fromgas penetration of the series of seals, usually installed as a pair or moreand of wet or dry type, rather than leakage arising from wear betweenrings which are designed not to touch (and therefore degrade) anyway. The dry (non-oiled) type of seals are usually preferred by utilities

because they are mechanically simpler to manufacture and install,require less power to operate, are more reliable according to someusers, and are generally easier to shut down and maintain on a rolling basis.With the reciprocating types in frequent use in the USA,

emissions can be controlled by periodic replacement of theconnecting rod packing systems. New technologies are now beingused to capture these and recirculate them for environmental

benefits that boost the bottom line at the same time.When employing continuous-process centrifugal compressors,

emissions can be effectively reduced by using dry seals instead ofthe wet type which use oil to collect gas as it circulates (“off-gassing”).Dry-sealed centrifugal machines require less maintenance, create

lower emissions and are generally more energy efficient in use; thecosts of the two sealing technologies for impeller-based machinesare broadly similar, the report notes.Operators are reminded that when wet-seal centrifugal

compressors are in use it may be feasible to capture emissions fromthe seal oil itself and route the recovered methane back to thecompressor or to another process – or exploit it economically. Again,this cuts transmission costs and benefits the environment too.The EPA discussion document sums up the accumulated data as

collected by the Agency on vented VOC and methane emissionsfrom both types of large-scale compressor currently in use for gashandling, and how to effectively mitigate these in a fast-growingproduction environment. In 2012, annual unwanted emissions ofmethane from combined gas production, processing and transport inthe USA amounted to nearly 16 mn Mscf/yr, more than half from theuse of reciprocating plant that pressurises the gas for pipeline andother forms of delivery alone.In summary, it notes that these always-on pressurisers are found

throughout the natural gas industry’s infrastructure right across NorthAmerica, the centrifugal types being predominantly used in theprocessing and transmission/storage segments which form thegreater part of the business. n

*Oil & Natural Gas Sector Compressors – Report for Review Panel,Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, April 2014http://www3.epa.gov.

Dry-sealed centrifugal machinesrequire less maintenance”


Technology


http://www.processsystems.sandvik.com/

SINCE THE BEGINNING of offshoreproduction, the oil and gas industryhas been faced with one commonflow assurance challenge – the

formation of gas hydrates. Gas hydrates are crystalline, cage-like

structures which can block pipelines if noteffectively monitored. Remediation is oftencostly and potentially dangerous, posing alarge risk to offshore projects. As the oil andgas market continues to grow in the MiddleEast, it is essential that operators implementa prevention or management strategy. Monoethylene glycol (MEG) and

methanol are used as thermodynamichydrate inhibitors to prevent the formation ofgas hydrates in oil and gas pipelines. MEG isusually injected continually into pipelinefluids, while methanol is batch-dosed, withMEG being recovered in regeneration andreclamation units.The presence of methanol and MEG in

hydrocarbon fluids reduces the quality andvalue of produced fluids. Both methanol andMEG are used upstream for gas hydratecontrol but can cause problems downstreamduring processing and refining, such asseparation difficulties, poisoning catalysts,poisoning molecular sieve beds and causingupsets in waste water treatment systems.As a consequence, refineries and

terminals often impose limits on theacceptable level of hydrate inhibitor, andexceeding these can incur huge fines foroperators.

Reasons to monitorMethanol is used in many offshoreapplications for the oil and gas industry,including hydrate inhibition during well start-up, displacement of trees and well tubing forhydrate inhibition during shutdownoperations, and in equalising differentialpressure across subsea valves. Refineries need to know exactly how

much methanol operators are exporting sothey can be invoiced accurately and avoiddispute. Operators, in turn, need to knowhow much methanol they are exporting and

how much is coming from any tie-backs. Asmethanol is commonly used during start-upprocedures, operators are often faced withthe decision to either, defer start-up and loseproduction revenues, or start-up and risk acharge.

MEG is less of a problem downstreamthan methanol as losses to gas phase arenegligible, and solubility in the hydrocarbonphase is lower than methanol. However,limits are still imposed on acceptable MEGconcentrations in produced fluids and mustbe monitored at various stages during theregeneration and reclamation process. Thepresence of high levels of MEG can affectoil-in-water measurements and operatorsmust also ensure that overboard water isn’tcontaminated.

Apart from financial implications,monitoring the concentration of methanoland MEG in produced water can also be vitalto ensure compliance with environmentalregulations. Methanol does readilybiodegrade but it is a toxic substance. Many offshore oil production facilities

treat and dispose of produced wateroverboard, which makes methanol a high-volume discharge of production-treatingchemicals. It is therefore necessary forevery asset to closely monitor and managethe environmental effects of methanoldischarge.

Traditional monitoring methodGas chromatography (GC) is the traditionalmethod for monitoring methanol and MEGin produced fluids, but this technique canhave a number of drawbacks, including cost,time and maintenance issues, especiallywhen instruments are used offshore. Gaschromatographs are sensitive pieces ofequipment and can also be complex to runand require experienced personnel tooperate them.Time is one of the biggest obstacles

when using GC, as preparing samples foranalysis often involves a water extractionstep where the inhibitor is transferred fromthe oil phase into the aqueous phase, whichcan be time-consuming and subject to uservariation. GC samples often need to beshipped onshore, causing a delay in resultsas well as added uncertainty in the results,as samples can change over time.That’s why LUX Assure developed

OMMICA™, a testing kit allowing operatorsto analyse hydrate inhibitors such asmethanol and MEG on-site so they canrespond more promptly to the information,particularly in offshore situations.

How it worksOMMICA™ monitors methanol and MEGconcentrations in produced fluids, such aswater, crude oil and condensate. With manyadvantages over traditional GC techniques,including simplicity and the use of robust

Charles Cruickshank, CEO Lux Assure

Charles Cruickshank, CEO LUX Assure, discusses the benefits ofOMMICA™, an emerging solution for hydrate inhibitor testing.

A new solution for

flow control

Refineries andterminals often impose limitson the acceptable level ofhydrate inhibitor”


Technology



http://www.ivacis.com

equipment, it is suitable for offshore use. The technology uses reagents that react

only with the chemical it is designed toassess – whether that’s methanol or MEG.This means that other chemicals don’tinterfere, giving accurate and timely results.The technology provides simple set-up

and user independence, meaning it can beused on-site in offshore operations byexisting personnel. With a turnaround timeof as little as one hour, the technology candeliver vital information to provide financialas well as HSE benefits to operators. OMMICA™ has had successful field trials

and has proven its worth in offshoreoperations. In trials conducted on pipelinesin the North Sea, OMMICA™ kits have beenused to determine both methanol and MEGconcentrations in produced fluids.

Case Study 1 – Methanolanalysis, North SeaMethanol is used upstream for gas hydratecontrol, but can cause major problemsdownstream during processing and refining.An oil platform in the North Sea undertook apigging programme for the dewatering of apipeline. As the concentration of methanol inthe water slug produced from pigging isuncertain, analysis was required to informthe terminal of the levels it was likely toreceive.A pre-operation lab test was carried out

to compare OMMICA™ analysis with theconventional gas chromatography (GC)method. Results compared well. During thepigging programme, oil and water sampleswere tested offshore using OMMICA™ kits,and by GC in an onshore lab. Both sets ofanalysis were carried out by the operator orits service company.

Data gathered offshore using OMMICA™was in line with expectations and previousGC analysis, for both oil and water samples.Data was reported daily from the

offshore location throughout dewatering, sothe operator could inform the terminal of themethanol concentrations present in the fluidit would receive. Using only the GC method,results would not have been available untildays later.

Case study 2 – MEG analysis,NorwayThe use of MEG is especially applicable tolong-distance gas-condensate tie-backs,where heating or insulating the pipelines is

impractical or uneconomical. Analysing theMEG concentration in fluids from variouspoints in a MEG regeneration system givesvital information on how effectively the plantis running, and whether or not any dischargedwater meets environmental limits.Typical analysis for MEG concentration is

by gas chromatography (GC), which isnormally only available in an onshore labstaffed by specialist experts. OMMICA™can analyse samples offshore, or onshore,easily and quickly. It can be used bypersonnel with very basic training ortechnical experience.The OMMICA™ MEG in Water kit was

used by an oil and gas operator with a MEGregeneration facility. Samples were alsoanalysed by GC for comparison. Correlationwas excellent, with OMMICA™ deliveringimmediate results from a quick and simpleprocess.The OMMICA™ MEG in Water kit

delivered accurate analysis onsite, offshore,in a very short time frame, whereas thetraditional GC analysis took significantlylonger to deliver similar results. n

OMMICATM has hadsuccessful field trials andhas proven its worth inoffshore operations”


Technology

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DIESEL | GAS | POWER PLAN

TS | RENTA

L

© 2016 Caterpillar. All Rights Reserved. CAT, CATERPILLAR, BUILT FOR IT, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow,” the “Power Edge” trade dress, as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.

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HIMOINSA’S RANGE OF diesel generators for therental market has been bolstered by theHIMOINSA models HRGP 25 T5 LPG, HRGP 40 T5LPG and HRGP 60 T5 LPG.The new gas-powered generators feature

integrated LPG tanks offering 25, 40 and 60 kVA ofcontinuous power. The new rental canopy versionincorporates enough LPG storage for 24 hours of

continuous operationwithout refuelling.The features of the

generators, which can beconnected to an externaltank to extend theirautonomous operation foras long as desired, will bepresented at MEE 2016, tobe held from 1-3 Marchin Dubai, with theHRGP60 T5 LPGmodel on thecompany’s standin Sheikh Saeed Hall 3.HIMOINSA has also

launched the new HMW-1270, a soundproofedgenerator set fitted in a 20-foot container. Thenew unit provides more power in less space, asuntil now generators of this power with an MTUengine could only be assembled in 40-footcontainers due to the size of the engines.The HMW-1270 has been designed to provide

an outstanding performance in extremetemperature conditions and has an integrated1250-litre fuel tank and will be exhibited for the

first time at MEE 2016.Attendees to this year’s exhibition will also

have the opportunity to learn about the company’snew HYW 35 T5 model, which comes with a 1,000-hour service interval. The generator sets from theIndustrial Range feature Yanmar engines (8-45kVA) and can incorporate a fuel tank of 1.000L,which is 10 times larger than what it is offered asstandard and translates into fewer trips to the sitefor refuelling operations.

HIMOINSA’s HYW 35 T5 model comes with a 1,000-hour service interval


Technology

HIMOINSA gears up for product launches at MEE 2016

The HRGP60 T5 LPG generator from HIMOINSA will be on the

company’s stand during MEE 2016

S11 ORME 2 2016 - Technology 02_Layout 1 25/02/2016 11:23

http://www.caterpillar.com/en.html

GAC’s oil and gas businesscontinues to do well in the MiddleEast as the operators aremaintaining production, says Hill.

“Where rigs have been stacked, we’vemanaged to capture that business as well,particularly in Bahrain,” he adds. “Because ofour reputation in the Middle East, we’refinding that we’re picking up more businessas things get more complicated.”

Dubai-based GAC has been a leader inthe provision of shipping, logistics andmarine services in the Middle East for nearly60 years. Oil and gas are a strong focus for

the company, whose clients include a number of big upstream operators as wellas smaller suppliers. GAC providesdedicated support all the way fromexploration through to oilfield development,

using its core competencies in supply chain,offshore and agency servicescomplemented by its integrated shipping,logistics and marine solutions.

“We are involved in all aspects oftransportation in relation to oil and gas,offshore and onshore,” says Hill. “Here inthe Middle East we run supply yards inQatar and UAE, and are looking at setting upone in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia; wealso have a marine business based in AbuDhabi. We’re big in freight forwarding andship agency services, which have beendoing very well.”

The strength of its Middle East business and its new global strategy is standing shipping andlogistics giant GAC in good stead in the downturn. Oil Review spoke to William Hill, GAC’sexecutive group vice president – Oil & Gas.

Preparing for business to

take off again

Our main focus is togrow our business with ourtwenty key customersworldwide.”


Shipping & Logistics

GAC has been a leader in shipping,marine and logistics services in the

Middle East for nearly 60 years


The diversified nature of the company’sbusiness has also helped it to weather thedownturn, he comments. “For example,within our logistics division we haveautomotive and FMCG businesses, so we’renot wholly reliant on oil and gas.”

Hill’s appointment as GAC’s executivegroup vice president – Oil & Gas in May2015 marks a strengthening of thecompany’s focus on the worldwide energysector, in line with its new global businessstrategy. He has been with GAC for around30 years working across many differentsectors, so can bring different ways ofthinking and processes to the oil and gas sector.

“GAC has operations in Europe, theAmericas, Asia, the Middle East and Africa,”explains Hill. “Until mid-2015, each regionpursued its own strategy. Now we areputting everything under one umbrella with a strategy we hope will take us through to2020, pooling all of our information oncustomers, service levels and training. Thisnew strategy, which is a form of goodhousekeeping, just so happens to coincidewith the downturn.

Greater focus“What it does is it gives us a greater focuson this industry, the companies we’redealing with, and how our staff are workingwithin the industry. We are also streamliningour services within this sector. Our mainfocus is to grow our business with ourtwenty key customers worldwide, many ofwhom are in the Middle East, rather thanchase new business. Our customers arevery receptive to this approach because weare looking at their business almost from a consultancy point of view, rather thanpitching for business. The good thing about

doing this at this time is that a lot ofcompanies are retendering their businesswith the aim of reducing costs, so we arewell placed to bid for this while adopting a slightly different approach.

“So it is quite an exciting time for us; infact we’ve started to recruit additionalresources to cater for what we are confidentwill be the new business coming in and tobring in some different skills, not just in theMiddle East but also Asia and Europe. Whilethere is a global approach to this newstrategy, the fact that the Middle East, ourcore market, is so buoyant for us in terms ofoil and gas, stands us in good stead forpitching for business elsewhere.”

The company has built up a tremendousinfrastructure and operation in the MiddleEast in its 60 years present in the region,adds Hill, which it can build on to pursueopportunities elsewhere.

“For example many companies will useour freight forwarding services in the MiddleEast but will use a different freight forwardersay in the USA. Now we are in a goodposition to offer the whole package.”

GAC’s strong focus on training is payingoff in the downturn, as Hill explains.

“We have a two-tier oil and gas trainingprogramme, involving general oil and gastraining, which is mandatory for all, andfront-line training for our operational staff

who deal with our clients, focusing onoperational excellence specific to oil andgas. When the downturn came, a number ofclients downsized the number of personnelthey employed, relying on us to do more ofthe work.

“As a result of their training, our front-linestaff can do the work much more efficiently,so customers are able to lean on us withoutus incurring additional costs, as part of theservice. We started this training a year agoso when the downturn came we wereprepared for it – it was good timing!

“Because of our new strategy, when theupturn comes we should be in a goodposition to cater for it,” Hill concludes.“We’re recruiting, building up our resourcesand training key personnel now to be aheadof the competition when business takes off again.”n

As a result of theirtraining, our front-line staffcan do the work much moreefficiently.”


Shipping & Logistics

William Hill,executive

group vicepresidentOil & Gas,

GAC

The diversified nature of GAC’s business has helped it toweather the downturn


OMAN REFINERIES ANDPetrochemicals Company LLC(ORPIC) contracted Black & Veatchfor help in processing increasingly

heavy crude and sour crudes to meet risingpetroleum product demand in the region.Black & Veatch is a current technologyprovider for ORPIC in the sulphur recoveryunit (SRU) and tail gas treating unit (TGTU) as part of the Sohar Refinery Expansionproject currently under construction. Thisproject will increase the processing capacityand flexibility of the existing refinery tomeet additional demand.

Sulphur recovery refers to the treatmentof sulphur-bearing off-gases from oil refiningand gas processing. These off-gases, knowncommonly as acid gases, generally containsulphur in the form of hydrogen sulphide(H2S). The H2S is typically recovered aselemental sulphur using the modified Clausprocess within an SRU.

Black & Veatch provided a basicengineering design package, as well asdetailed design consulting servicesincluding review of major equipment,HAZOP participation, operator training andstart-up after unit construction, which isexpected in 2016. The design also featuresBlack & Veatch’s patented MAG™degassing process.

Tail gas treating refers to the processingof unconverted sulphur-bearing gasesdownstream of an SRU. The majority of thesulphur recovery occurs in the SRU, but toachieve higher levels of overall recovery,often to abide by local air emissionregulations, the remaining sulphur in the tailgas from the SRU must be treated. Thereare a number of tail gas treatingtechnologies that may be deployed in orderto fulfil this objective.

In addition, the elemental sulphur isrecovered in molten form and often requires‘degassing’ of the residual H2S present inthe sulphur product in order to meetproduct specification.

Talking about the current challenges,Tom Christensen, director, Black & VeatchMiddle East, said that they appear tocentre around uncertainty with low oilprices. Wherever an owner is exposed toprice volatility on the upstream side of thebusiness, much of the focus seems to shifttowards driving efficiency and maximisingrun time in existing units as opposed tolarger capital projects.

More downward pressure on oil pricesis expected from the introduction of Iraniancrude into the global market. This mayintroduce further economic challenges forOPEC members, and regional economic

instability may provide continued pressure for a consensus cut in global production.

Black & Veatch provided a processdesign package for two identical parallelSRU trains processing both amine acid gasand sour water stripper acid gas. Each SRUwas designed to handle the fullcomplement of ammonia-bearing sourwater stripper gas in order to segregateacid gas feedstock for streamliningoperations. A common TGTU for both SRUtrains was chosen to reduce overall capitalexpenditure. The common TGTU utilisedgeneric methyl diethanol amine (MDEA) toachieve an overall sulphur recoveryefficiency of 99.9 per cent.

The process design package for ORPICwas completed in 2012 and was included aspart of the Sohar Refinery improvementproject’s EPC package. Along with increasedfuels production, the expansion willincrease polypropylene production.

Overall, the refinery expansion willincrease production capability by roughly 60,000 bpd above the existing116,000 bpd capacity.

Black & Veatch is a licensor of modifiedClaus technology, sub dewpoint cold bedadsorption (CBA) technology, and amine-based tail gas treating technology. n

ORPIC currently provides 100 per cent of theSultanate’s fuel needs (Photo: ORPIC)

With natural gas prices falling alongside the oil price slump, EPC firm Black& Veatch is helping to enhance production with its gas treating technology.

Increasing output at Oman’s

Sohar Refinery


Technology


With the 30-fold increase inseismic data volumes recordedon the average Arabianpeninsula field crew over thelast ten years, Roger May, VP,Middle East Geomarket, CGG,discusses whether this trendwill continue in the next tenyears, given today’s changedbusiness environment.

FROM A GEOPHYSICAL perspective,the industry drive for ever increasingdata volumes and, in turn, increasingdata density, makes sense. Whilst

there have been numerous attempts todefine ‘how much is enough’ in terms ofdata volumes, most operators who havetried to answer this question have foundthat data quality just continues to improvewith density and that, as an industry, wehave yet to hit the limit. The question topose is still ‘What level of quality is enoughfor my objectives given my budget?’, ratherthan ‘How can I create the best qualitypossible?’

Interestingly, the increase in datavolumes can be rather misleading. Theadvent of single-sensor recording systemscan give rise to crews that have manychannels, but, in fact, the number of actualmeasurements taken on these crews is not

The benefits of ever-growing

seismic data volumes


Technology

The question to poseis still ‘What level of qualityis enough for my objectivesgiven my budget’ rather than‘How can I create the bestquality possible?’”

S12 ORME 2 2016 - IT_Layout 1 24/02/2016 14:50

http://dmiinternational.com/

necessarily higher than in array-based systems. Looked at in datamanagement terms, some would view that the data measurementson the receiver side have stayed relatively constant (see left-handgraph in Figure 1), but the point at which this data is summed in theoverall workflow that delivers the geophysicist a manageable datasethas been changed. For some, the positioning of this data bottleneckhas become a defining factor in the management of the completeworkflow, and in their selection of technology: single-sensor versusarray.

Other than increasing the numbers of channels on a crew, theother technological breakthrough that has increased data volumessince 2006 was the advent of continuous recording. Old recordersused to switch on when a shot fired (or swept in the case ofvibrators), and switched off when the listen time was complete. Incontinuous recording, the instrument is essentially switched on 24hours a day, for the duration of a survey, and as shots are acquired,software extracts them from the continuous data stream as required;this process is known as ‘combing’. This then facilitated the conceptof super-spreads, where the sensors were deployed over a wide areaand numerous sources were acquired in the super-spread, withcombing effectively becoming both a function of time, and nowsource location. In simple terms, this was like shooting multiplesurveys at once, with the vibrators positioned at distances such thatthese ‘multiple’ surveys did not overlap. Since 2006, operators havesteadily been bringing these multiple surveys ever closer together,for an ever increasing gain in source productivity, and have been

utilising more vibrators on a crew.These increases in source productivity can be in the order of a

factor of ten (right-hand graph in Figure 1), but the facilitation factorfor getting access to this uplift is integration with data processing. Asvibrators are moved closer together, ‘seismic interference’ isrecorded between sources. This interference needs to be eliminatedin data processing, a step termed ‘deblending’.

Likely upliftsIt is in this area where the most likely uplifts in productivity in theArabian peninsula will come in the next ten years, because whilstever increasing sensor counts yield productivity gains linearly withthe cost of a crew, blended source acquisition schemes giveproductivity gains by utilising existing sensor counts more effectivelythrough the use of more vibrators, of which there are a great numberavailable for operators to choose from. The constraining factor onoperators achieving these productivity gains is likely to be the extentto which they can visualise the overall integrated workflow thatcreates a geophysicist’s end-product. For organisations that aregrouped separately into Acquisition, Data Processing andInterpretation, it can be difficult to gain acceptance that what onecan do in processing could have a direct knock-on effect on thenature of the acquisition operation. Many very senior staff within ourindustry well remember their first jobs as field QCs on the landcrews of the past, where their job was to look at each shot andreject it if it was too noisy. Now, the science is telling us not toworry about the noise, we can deal with that in processing, whilstthe increased number of sources we can acquire will give us anoverall better product.

Operators who can overcome this natural inertia will find that theycan continue the data density growth, with all its correspondingbenefits of an end seismic product that has an ever improvingrepresentation of the reservoir, whilst the costs will fit around thenew market dynamics of the low oil price and lower explorationexpenditure that may be with us for some years to come. n

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Average Middle East crew configuraons :Whilst channel count has been increasing dramacally, with less sensors per channel , the number of physical measurements has remained fairly constant.

Figure 1. Graphs showing the configuraon of the average crew deployed in Arabia in the recent past. Whilst channel counts have grown dramacally, the number of sensors has not; this is because fewer sensors are typically being deployed for each channel. From a data management perspecve, data measurements are being summed in a different place in the workflow, in the data processing, rather than in the field recording. For sources, the growth in producvity has led to significantly more data being acquired, even if one considers that single vibrators are now recorded rather than groups of recording. The adopon of these techniques is currently irregular throughout the industry, leaving significant scope for producvity gains for many operators .

Vibrator operaon mode: The type of mode of vibrator operaon has the potenal to have a much bigger impact on the number of physical measurements taken.DSSS and ISSS are trademarks of BP.

These increases in source productivitycan be in the order of a factor of ten, but thefacilitation factor for getting access to thisuplift is integration with data processing.”


Technology

Graphs courtesy of Sercel

S12 ORME 2 2016 - IT_Layout 1 24/02/2016 14:50

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KELLER AG FÜR Druckmesstechnik haslaunched its M5 series of pressuresensors for static and highly dynamicpressure measurements up to 50 kHz.The new sensor sets new standards intemperature range, measurementaccuracy, installation size and signalconditioning, according to the company.The key to measuring highly dynamic

pressure variance is to achieve, as faras possible, a direct connectionbetween sensor element and medium.The rear of the silicon sensor is solderedto a supporting element designed forexcellent fluid dynamics, which, in turn,is secured flush at the front of thepressure connection. This sophisticateddesign enables dynamic measurementswith a bandwidth of 0-50 kHz as well asexcellent decoupling of mounting forcesand structure-borne vibration, extensivemedia compatibility, and the durabilityoffered by the anti-oxidation coatings.Other impressive features of the M5 series are itsoverpressure protection of up to five times themeasurement range and its pressure connectionwith an external thread of just Ø 5 mm forinstallations in space-limited locations.The pressure sensors in the M5 series are

intended for operating temperatures between -40°C and +180 °C with a narrow total error band(i.e. including temperature errors) of ±1 per cent.

Without the remote signal converter, they comewith a typical output signal range of 80 mV(based on a 1 mA supply) and an individualcalibration certificate. The 3 bar, 10 bar and 30bar measurement ranges are available forabsolute pressure measurements. Separating thepressure sensor and the signal converterenables measurements at close proximity, evenin units installed in cramped conditions and

exposed to high temperatures. The analogue signal path is adjusted

in real time via the compensationelectronics, which are fully controlledby a microprocessor. This ensures theoutput signal, amplified to 0…10 V,retains the full dynamic range of thesensor signal. The measurementsystem, consisting of the pressuresensor and signal conver ter,undergoes an end-to-end calibration atthe factory once the customer-specificparameters have been determined. Inaddition, the operating temperaturerange of -40 to +125 °C for the remoteelectronics satisfies the exceptionaldemands required by engine testbenches, for instance.The thermally ultra-robust pressure

transducers in the M5 series supporthigh-precision static and dynamicmeasurements up to a bandwidth of 50kHz and at working temperatures of up

to 200 °C at the pressure sensor. With its M5connection thread, the remote pressure sensor –which contains no oil and associated isolationdiaphragm and no sealant or adhesive in contactwith the media – is ideal for taking highlydynamic measurements at close proximity. It cando this even with the very thin pipes used inengine test benches, in wind tunnels or duringturbine blade tests.

FEI HAS RELEASED PerGeos™, acomprehensive digital rock software thathelps geoscientists rapidly interpret andmodel digital rock imagery so thatexploration and production (E&P)engineers can obtain meaningful,actionable data quickly and easily.

PerGeos provides a betterunderstanding of formation features andphysical property of reservoir rock.Multi-scale, microscopic imagery andadvanced digital rock modeling providesthe only direct measurement foranalysing critical structuralcharacteristics and physical properties,such as grain size, pore space andconnectivity, sayt the company. UsingPerGeos, core analysts, geologists andpetrophysicists can integrate data frommultiple sources and share descriptionsand statistics using a common platform.It features automated workflows, high-powered image processing algorithms and a user-friendly interface.

“Oil companies work with and analyse a bewildering array ofimage data types and formats when trying to understand thephysical characteristics of reservoir rock, how those characteristicsrelate to the potential value of a reservoir, and relate thoseobservations to the production techniques required to optimise thatvalue,” said Mark Bashforth, general manager of FEI’s Oil and Gas

business. “This information can now bemanaged digitally through PerGeos, viaa collaborative workspace to create andshare a common rock model muchfaster than using traditional coreanalysis methods.”

Bashforth adds, “This is veryimportant for reservoir engineersawaiting these critical inputs, such ascapillary pressure, porosity andpermeability, for their geomodels;knowledge of these properties helpsasset managers visualise andunderstand the ultimate potentialrecovery of a reservoir, therebyimproving their estimates of reservesand overall production-related CapExinvestments.”

The initial PerGeos release consistsof three modules: petrophysics, porestatistics and core profile. Each moduleis designed to help users make

statistical observations about the sample as it relates to their specificfunction, and then allows them to transfer this knowledge to a digitalenvironment for interactive assessment by the entire asset team.This is a unique feature that provides cross-discipline collaboration,and enables all users to gain a common understanding of how therock models are created – an important aspect in validating andunderstanding the contributors to reservoir viability and producibility.

FEI launches PerGeos digital rock software

The KELLER M5 pressure sensor sets new standards

Segmented rock model built by PerGeosillustrating a flow simulation and a pore network

Innovations

The new M5 seriespressure sensor


S12 ORME 2 2016 - IT_Layout 1 24/02/2016 14:50

LUMASENSE TECHNOLOGIES, PROVIDERS of innovativetemperature and gas sensing devices, will be showcasing its E2TPulsar family of detection systems at SOGAT 2016 to be held inAbu Dhabi from 20-24 March.The LumaSense E2T Pulsar family of detection systems are

designed for continuous and instantaneous measurement ofrefractory temperature, gas temperature or integratedtemperature in a given vessel, away from heat, vibration andcorrosive gases. Lumasense Technologies’ Pulsar 4 offers both simultaneous

gas and refractory temperature measurement, using a singlethermometer installation and separate 4-20mA or digital outputs. The use of these two wavelengths makes it possible to apply a

compensation calculation – the Flame Measurement Algorithm(FMA) – to remove the variable effects of flame transparency onthe separate measurements. This FMA programme takes measurements from both the gas

and refractory readings and compensates for changing flametransparency in real-time, removing the inherent measurementerrors of typical infrared thermometers. In addition, the Pulsar 4 requires little to no maintenance and

eliminates the need to perform field calibrations when operatingin FMA mode. Each system allows visual inspection ofcombustion processes, refractory cureout and preventativemaintenance while the vessel is pressurised and fully operational.

For further information contact Gerard Ames, LumaSenseTechnologies BV, tel : + 31 651 648 299, email : [email protected], www.lumasenseinc.com.

The Pulsar 4 thermometer

Advanced solution for Sulphur Recovery Process (SRU)

RACCORTUBI MIDDLE EAST continues tostock and supply piping materials destinedfor critical applications such as chemical andpetrochemical plants, oil installations, powerplants, shipyards, fertiliser plants andoffshore platforms. It is offering pipes,fittings and flanges in stainless steel,duplex, superduplex, superaustenitics andnickel alloys from its warehouse in Dubai.

As part of Raccortubi Group’s globaldistribution network, Raccortubi MiddleEast is providing customers in the regionwith solutions for maintenance and urgentrequirements, as well as complete projectpackages.

It is thanks to Raccortubi Group’s uniqueorganisational structure, effectivelycombining both stockholding andmanufacturing activities, that RaccortubiMiddle East is able to give customersreduced lead times and increased costefficiency. The integrated production of buttweld fittings guarantees not only constantstock replenishment, but also the quality ofthe final product. Available off-the-shelf atRaccortubi Middle East, items already comehand-in-hand with the relevant qualitycertifications/approvals.

Sunzeev Swami, managing director ofRaccortubi Middle East, explains theconcept, “It means that the customer cantake one less step. We do the legwork interms of manufacturing, sourcing the bestmaterials at the best price, and bringingeverything together, including any special oradditional requirements that the customermay have. We are a one-stop shop.”

In addition, with Raccortubi’s 2014acquisition of Petrol Raccord, manufacturerof standard/customised butt weld fittings instainless steel, duplex, superduplex,superaustenitics and nickel alloys up to 56”,and without wall thickness limitations, theGroup has completed its production rangeand can offer customers a fullycomprehensive service.

Innovations

Added-value piping solutions from Raccortubi Middle East

The Raccortubi Middle East warehouse in Dubai


S12 ORME 2 2016 - IT_Layout 1 24/02/2016 14:50

INNOVATIVE SCIENCE-BASED COMPANY 3Mhas recently opened customer experiencecentres (CECs) in Abu Dhabi and Dammam,Saudi Arabia, dedicated to the oil and gassector.

The facilities will share knowledge and bestpractice with key stakeholders of SaudiArabia’s and Abu Dhabi’s oil and gas sectors,addressing their needs and solving complexissues at a time when oil and gas companiesare looking at innovative solutions to improveproductivity and lower operational costs.

3M offers more than 10,000 products thatare used at all points across the oil and gasindustry, ranging from advanced materials topersonal safety equipment. 3M solutionsimprove productivity for the oil and gasindustry, protect and extent the life of criticalassets, and protect people and theenvironment in which they operate. With itsculture of creative collaboration, 3M’s strengthlies in continually reinventing and adaptingproducts and technologies in response tocustomer demand.

Speaking at ADIPEC, where the company exhibited for the firsttime in 2015, Debarati Sen, formerly global business director, oil andgas solutions at 3M commented, “Oil and gas is critical for 3M in thispart of the world, and we want to makes sure we’re in step with theregion’s investment plans. Saudi Arabia and the UAE in particular are

key markets for us, and are the two countrieswe see as most efficient in generating oil andgas. We’ve been hearing about the long-terminvestments in the region; here it is a questionof becoming more efficient through thedownturn rather than of survival. The need toimprove technologies has become moreurgent. Operational efficiency is very much a theme right now, creating an opportunityfor providing the technologies that can drivecost efficiency.”

Explaining the role of 3M’s customerexperience centres, Sen said, “We want ourcustomers to touch and feel our technology; atour customer experience centres 3Mtechnology comes to life. Over the past threeyears we have established CECs in six out of19 globally recognised oil and gas cities, sowe’re expanding fast in this area – we believewe cannot succeed without bringing ourtechnologies close to our customers.

“We have typically seen two types ofcustomer interaction at our centres; one isbenchmarking, where visitors can see how we

leverage our technology platforms globally across so many differentproduct divisions and areas of expertise; several companies in thispart of the world are currently benchmarking us. The other is whencustomers come in with their problems, touch and feel ourtechnologies and come up with new ideas and solutions – so it’s nota one-way process, it’s a two-way technical exploration.”

Aside from operational efficiency, what does she see as growthareas?

“Unconventional developments have strong potential in this partof the world; operators have had the luxury of easy oil and they’rerealising that if they move to unconventional they can get access toa lot more, with lower extraction costs,” Sen remarked. “There isalso a strong focus on getting more out of existing assets. Somemarkets, such as Oman and Qatar, are maturing and looking at EOR.Now we’re in the golden age of oil and gas – in the past it wasexpensive and high risk. The technology has improved so thatextraction has become safer and more efficient in many ways.

“Regulation is another rapidly developing element; this region ismaking step changes in regulations and standards.

“We feel we’re just scratching the surface now; it’s an excitingtime for us in this part of the world,” Sen concluded.

Debarati Sen, formerly global business director,oil and gas solutions, 3M

3M strengthens its commitment to the Middle East


Innovations

The opening of the customer experience centre in Dammam

S12 ORME 2 2016 - IT_Layout 1 24/02/2016 14:50

http://www.shreesteeloverseas.com/

INNOVATIVE CLEANING TECHNOLOGY solutions provider Karcher recentlywon the ‘Superbrand for 2016’ award in the UAE. Richard Nouira, managing director of Karcher Middle East, said, “We are

thrilled to have been voted as a UAE Superbrand for 2016. It is gratifying toknow that our efforts in continuous improvement in our sales and after salesservices, customer and partner relationships are recognised through ourbrand. The Superbrand status is an endorsement of the quality andinnovation we strive for in our products as well as our people, and proof ofour commitment to all our customers in the UAE.” Speaking about Karcher products in the region, Riad Zreik, regional sales

manager (industrial and vehicle wash), noted that cleaning offshoreplatforms and removing paint from hulls in shipyards are some of theapplication areas of its ultra-high pressure water jet systems (UHP) and areas diverse as those of pumps, systems and water tools currently available onthe market, which have operating pressures between 250 and 4000 bar. “The oil sector is the main industry in this region of the world, and Karcher

has developed several UHP products for the upper, middle and downstreamsegments, including explosion-proof high pressure cleaners, ultra-highpressure pumps and robot accessories for cleaning the ship hull of giant oiltankers.” UHP is Karcher’s specialty product and plays a necessary role in the

maintenance of oil refineries and the petrochemical industry. It is used toclean all types of heat exhangers – dirty or blocked heat exchangers involvehigh energy losses and costs. Maintaining perfect function ensuresefficiency and a constant process temperature.Another application of UHP is pipe cleaning. Over the course of time,

sulphite, salt or limestone deposits build up layer by layer and total blockage

can occur if action is not taken in time. Therefore, regular interior cleaning isabsolutely essential and exterior cleaning is also obligatory, the award-winning company said.Other applications include cleaning of condensers and air coolers,

refurbishing oil tanks when there is a paint stripping task or when there isneed for washing away sludge.Despite the drop in oil prices, Zreik reiterates that fact that the market is

going in a good direction for Karcher and it is striving to maintain the higheststandards across the value stream, with cleaning an important part of thestream as it can influence operating cost and yield.

Cleaning specialist Karcher wins Superbrand 2016 in the UAE

Karcher sold 12.72mn machines in 2014 (Photo: Karcher)


Innovations

S12 ORME 2 2016 - IT_Layout 1 24/02/2016 14:50

http://www.cwckuwait.com/

RIG COUNT

Source: Baker Hughes

Middle East & North Africa The Baker Hughes Rig Count tracks industry-wide rigs engaged in drilling and related operations, which include drilling, logging, cementing,coring, well testing, waiting on weather, running casing and blowout preventer (BOP) testing.

THIS MONTH VARIANCE LAST MONTH LAST YEARCountry Land OffShore Total From Last Month Land OffShore Total Land OffShore Total

Middle EastABU DHABI 30 18 48 -1 31 18 49 25 11 36DUBAI 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 2IRAQ 49 0 49 -2 51 0 51 61 0 61 JORDAN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KUWAIT 40 0 40 -3 43 0 43 45 0 45 OMAN 70 0 70 -3 73 0 73 57 0 57 PAKISTAN 23 0 23 0 23 0 23 19 0 19 QATAR 3 6 9 2 2 5 7 2 7 9 SAUDI ARABIA 106 18 124 -5 110 19 129 97 18 115 SUDAN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0SYRIA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 YEMEN 0 0 0 -1 1 0 1 3 0 3 TOTAL 321 44 365 5 334 44 377 309 38 347

North AfricaALGERIA 51 0 51 2 49 0 49 49 0 49EGYPT 31 11 42 -2 33 11 44 46 16 52 LIBYA 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 4 3 7 TUNISIA 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3TOTAL 83 12 95 1 82 12 94 102 9 111

S13 ORME 2 2016 - Rig Count & DMS_Layout 1 24/02/2016 14:54

Project DatabankCompiled by Data Media Systems

Project City Facility Budget ($ US) Status

Bahrain LNG WLL - Hidd Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 660,000,000 Engineering & Liquefied Natural Gas Receiving and Regasification Terminal Procurement

Banagas - Central Gas Plant 3 Sitra Gas Treatment Plant 600,000,000 Engineering & Procurement

Banagas - Fuel Pipelines and Storage Facilities Expansion Sitra Gas Storage Tanks 80,000,000 EPC ITB

Bapco - A-B Pipeline Abqaiq - Sitra Oil 350,000,000 EPC ITB

BAPCO - Bapco Modernisation Program (BMP) - Sitra Refinery 800,000,000 FEEDResidue Conversion Unit

NOGA - Gazprom - Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) distribution centre Various Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 600,000,000 Feasibility Study

NOGA - Onshore Deep Gas Exploration Various Gas Exploration 200,000,000 Engineering & Procurement

Tatweer Petroleum - Central Gas Dehydration Facilities Awali Gas Processing 100,000,000 Engineering & Procurement

OIL, GAS AND PETROCHEMICAL PROJECTS - BAHRAIN

Project Summary

Project Status

Project Name BANAGAS - CENTRAL GAS PLANT 3

Name of Client Banagas - Bahrain National Gas Company

Budget ($ US) 600,000,000

Facility Type Gas Treatment Plant, Sitra

Status Engineering & Procurement

Project Start Q1-2014

Date Status

27 Jan 2016 Japan's JGC Corp has signed engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) deal of US$355mn with Bahrain's Banagas to build theCentral Gas Plant 3.

03 Dec 2015 CB&I, Technip, and JGC Corporation submit bids for the EPC contract.

02 Jul 2015 Banagas receives the FEED studies from the following companies:

• CB&I (Netherlands)• Technip (Italy) • JGC CorporationTechnip has joined the bidding competition after AMEC has dropped its plans to bid.

16 Feb 2015 3 contractors have been pre-qualified for the FEED contract (AMEC, CB&I Inc, JGC Corporation).Contractors have until Q4-2015 to submit their FEED studies.

26 Oct 2014 Banagas invited contractors to prequalify for competitive FEED contract. The prequalified contractors will conduct the gas plant FEEDin parallel under a design competition. The winner of this competitive FEED will be given the EPC and the PMC contracts.

End Date Q2-2018

FEED JGC Corp.

Main Contractor JGC Corp.

Contract Value ($ US) 355,000,000

Award Date Q1-2016

Project FocusCompiled by Data Media Systems

Bahrain National Gas Company (Banagas) plans for the expansion of its Sitra gas processing facilities with the addition of a third train. The expansion project aims toutilise the excess associated gas resulting from increased crude production by Tatweer Petroleum. The expansion will increase Banagas processing capability by350mn cubic feet of associated gas. The scope of work includes the construction of Central Gas Plant and associated facilities.


Project DatabankCompiled by Data Media Systems

Project Summary

Background

Project Name TATWEER PETROLEUM - CENTRAL GAS DEHYDRATION FACILITIES, AWALI

Name of Client Tatweer Petroleum

Estimated Budget ($ US) 100,000,000

Facility Type Gas Processing

Status Engineering & Procurement

Project Start Q3-2013

End Date Q3-2018

FEED Wood Group PSN

Main Contractor Petrofac

Award Date Q3-2015

Project FocusCompiled by Data Media Systems

Project ScopeThe scope of work includes:• 500 MMSCFD gas dehydration unit• Non-associated gas dehydration unit• Pipelines

The project is a significant part of Tatweer Petroleum’s commitment to secure the delivery of natural gas needed to meet the growing demands of the Kingdom ofBahrain. The installation of a new Gas Dehydration Facility is the first of a series of planned gas capacity projects scheduled for the next three to five years.

Project Status

Contractors

Date Status

09 Feb 2016 Work is proceeding as scheduled.

21 Sep 2015 Petrofac Offshore Projects & Operations business has beenawarded the EPC contract.

Jan 2014 USA's OXY releases the EPC tender.

Contract Type Pre-Qualified Bidders Awarded

EPC • Larsen & Toubro• Technip• Ramsis Engineering• Petrofac• JGC Gulf International Company• Mechanical Contracting & ServicesCompany (MCSC)

• Larsen & Toubro• Technip• Ramsis Engineering• Petrofac• JGC Gulf International Company• Mechanical Contracting & ServicesCompany (MCSC)

• Petrofac

FEED - • Wood Group PSN • Wood Group PSN

Sub-Contractors - • Comsip Al Aali -

Project Schedules

EPC ITB 1Q-2014

Engineering & Procurement 3Q-2015

Construction 4Q-2015

Completed 3Q-2018


11

تالــــــيلحت

www.oilreview.me

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HÉ’EeµÉ¿ Jæõjπ Gdà≤ôjô cÉeÓ Y∏≈: fdp.snoitatcepxe-hgih-secirp-wol-troper-sag-dna-lio/sag-lio/lacinhceT/labolG_ACCA/mad/tnetnoc/moc.labolgacca.www//:ptth

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تعنى بالنفط والغاز ومعالجة الهيدروكربون

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Company ..........................................................................Page

All World Exhibitions (Middle East Petrotech 2016) ................................63

American Association Of Petroleum Geologists ........................................37

Axis Communications FZE ..................................................................................27

Bauer Kompressoren GCC FZE ..........................................................................67

Cambridge Judge Business School ..................................................................15

Caterpillar Inc. - Energy ......................................................................................43

CompAir ......................................................................................................................36

CWC (Kuwait Oil & Gas 2016) ..........................................................................53

DMI International....................................................................................................47

DNV GL........................................................................................................................35

Emerson Process Management ........................................................................11

Indiana Gratings Private Limited ......................................................................13

Inmarco FZC..............................................................................................................12

International Exhibition Services SRL (MOC Egypt 2016) ......................65

JD Neuhaus ..............................................................................................................19

John Zink Company LLC ......................................................................................17

Jotun Paints UAE Ltd (LLC) ....................................................................................5

Kaeser Kompressoren FZE ......................................................................................2

Keller AG fur Druckmesstechnik..........................................................................9

LumaSense Technologies GmbH ........................................................................6

National Pipe Co. Ltd ............................................................................................38

OHL Gutermuth Industrial Valves GmbH ......................................................28

Raccortubi Middle East FZE ................................................................................29

Ruth's Chris Steak House (OFG) ........................................................................61

Sabin Metal Corporation ......................................................................................31

Saga PCE Private Limited ......................................................................................7

Sandvik Process Systems ....................................................................................39

Saudi Steel Pipe Company..................................................................................23

Shree Steel Overseas FZCO ................................................................................52

Suraj Limited ............................................................................................................21

Tank International Petroleum Equipment ....................................................41

Trans Asia Pipeline Services FZC ......................................................................25

Tratos Cavi S.p.A. ....................................................................................................22

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