oil spill
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
By
Ghassan hadi
Oil spill
![Page 2: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Oil SpillsOil Spills
![Page 3: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction:
An oil spill is a release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment due to human activity or any accident, and it is a form of pollution. Oil spills include releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms , drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, and heavier fuels used by large ships such as
bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil.
•
![Page 4: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
So, Oil spills are a major threat to the environment which they severely damage the surrounding ecosystems.
![Page 5: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Oil is the most common pollutant in the Oil is the most common pollutant in the oceansoceans. .
More than More than 3 million metric tons3 million metric tons of oil of oil contaminate the sea every yearcontaminate the sea every year. .
The majority of oil pollution in the oceans The majority of oil pollution in the oceans comes from landcomes from land..
Run off and waste from cities, industry, Run off and waste from cities, industry, and rivers carries oil into the oceanand rivers carries oil into the ocean. . Ships cause about a third of the oil Ships cause about a third of the oil
pollution in the oceans when they wash pollution in the oceans when they wash out their tanks or dump their bilge waterout their tanks or dump their bilge water..
![Page 7: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Human impact of oil spillsHuman impact of oil spills
•An oil spill represents an immediate fire An oil spill represents an immediate fire hazardhazard..
•Spilled oil can also contaminate drinking Spilled oil can also contaminate drinking water supplieswater supplies..
•Contamination can have an economic Contamination can have an economic impact on tourism and marine resource impact on tourism and marine resource
extraction industriesextraction industries..
![Page 8: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
•Algae and other local plants have been reported to Algae and other local plants have been reported to be eradicated. Animals that come in touch with high be eradicated. Animals that come in touch with high
concentrations of oil die of oil poisoningconcentrations of oil die of oil poisoning. .
•Worms, microorganisms and young sea creatures are Worms, microorganisms and young sea creatures are more sensitive. Humans and other animals living near more sensitive. Humans and other animals living near
the sea are also threatenedthe sea are also threatened..
• Among these compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons Among these compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons that low boiling point are more dangerous, such as that low boiling point are more dangerous, such as
benzene, toluene and xylene. Naphthalene and benzene, toluene and xylene. Naphthalene and Phenanthrene are more poisonous for fishesPhenanthrene are more poisonous for fishes..
![Page 13: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
•Aromatic compounds are more soluble in water than Aromatic compounds are more soluble in water than saturated hydrocarbons; therefore creatures may saturated hydrocarbons; therefore creatures may
become poisoned without direct contact with the oil become poisoned without direct contact with the oil by the by the polluted waterpolluted water..
•Fortunately these compounds are volatile; their Fortunately these compounds are volatile; their harmful effects will decrease with timeharmful effects will decrease with time..
•Aromatic compounds are more soluble in water than Aromatic compounds are more soluble in water than saturated hydrocarbons; therefore creatures may saturated hydrocarbons; therefore creatures may
become poisoned without direct contact with the oil become poisoned without direct contact with the oil by the by the polluted waterpolluted water..
•Fortunately these compounds are volatile; their Fortunately these compounds are volatile; their harmful effects will decrease with timeharmful effects will decrease with time..
![Page 20: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ChemiCalChemiCalmethodsmethods
![Page 23: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DispersantsDispersants
•Chemicals, such as detergents, break apart Chemicals, such as detergents, break apart floating oil into small particles or drops so that floating oil into small particles or drops so that
the oil is no longer in a layer on the water’s the oil is no longer in a layer on the water’s surfacesurface. .
•These chemicals break up a layer of oil into These chemicals break up a layer of oil into small dropletssmall droplets. .
•The problem with this method is that The problem with this method is that dispersants often harm marine life and the dispersants often harm marine life and the dispersed oil remains in the body of water dispersed oil remains in the body of water
where it is toxic to marine lifewhere it is toxic to marine life..
![Page 24: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
PhysicalPhysicalMethodsMethods
![Page 26: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
BurningBurning
•Burning of oil can actually remove up to 98% of an Burning of oil can actually remove up to 98% of an oil spilloil spill. .
•The spill must be a minimum of three millimetres The spill must be a minimum of three millimetres thick and it must be relatively fresh for this method thick and it must be relatively fresh for this method
to workto work..
![Page 27: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
BioremediationBioremediation•There are bacteria and fungi that naturally There are bacteria and fungi that naturally
break down oilbreak down oil. .
•This process is usually very slow- it would This process is usually very slow- it would take years for oil to be removed by take years for oil to be removed by
microorganismsmicroorganisms. .
•Adding either fertilizer or microorganisms to Adding either fertilizer or microorganisms to the water where the spill is located can speed the water where the spill is located can speed
up the breakdown processup the breakdown process. .
•The fertilizer gives the bacteria and fungi The fertilizer gives the bacteria and fungi the nutrients they need to grow and the nutrients they need to grow and
reproduce quickerreproduce quicker. .
![Page 30: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
MechanicalMechanicalMethodsMethods
![Page 31: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Booms
•It’s easier to clean-up oil if it’s all in one spot, so equipment called containment booms act like a fence to keep the oil from spreading or floating
away.
![Page 32: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• One problem with using this method is that once the material is One problem with using this method is that once the material is coated with oil, it may then be heavier than water. coated with oil, it may then be heavier than water.
• Then you have the problem of the oil-coated material sinking to Then you have the problem of the oil-coated material sinking to the bottom where it could harm animals living there. the bottom where it could harm animals living there.
![Page 34: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mechanical Mechanical Method-Method-
SkimmerSSkimmerS
![Page 36: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
•Once you’ve contained the oil, you need to Once you’ve contained the oil, you need to remove it from the water surfaceremove it from the water surface..
•Skimmers are machines that suck the oil up Skimmers are machines that suck the oil up like a vacuum cleaner, blot the oil from the like a vacuum cleaner, blot the oil from the
surface with oil-attracting materials, or surface with oil-attracting materials, or physically separate the oil from the water physically separate the oil from the water
so that it spills over a dam into a tankso that it spills over a dam into a tank. .
•
![Page 37: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
•Oil skimmers are commonly Oil skimmers are commonly found in three typesfound in three types: :
1.1.WeirWeir
2.2.OleophilicOleophilic
3.3.Non- OleophilicNon- Oleophilic
![Page 38: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
•Weir skimmers function by allowing Weir skimmers function by allowing the oil floating on the surface of the the oil floating on the surface of the
water towater to flow over a weir flow over a weir. . `̀
![Page 39: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: oil spill](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051516/55a2e6f51a28ab7f078b45c4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Thank you