Local development, service provision and rural vibrancy – Endogenous responses and perspectives

Presentation to RSA Annual Conference Planning for Regional Development:

The National Planning Framework as a Roadmap for Ireland’s Future

Brendan O’Keeffe September 2016

Contents

1. Context

a. Literature

b. The National Spatial Strategy Baseline

2. The Study Area

3. Methodology

4. Survey Findings

5. Analysis and Recommendations

The service sector accounts for about 70% of the economy. “The availability of an appropriate mix of private, public and voluntary services in all communities is an increasingly important factor in building a competitive and sustainable economy” (OECD, 2010, p. 57). Convergence in the expectations of rural and urban citizens / communities. The supply formats of services may, however, still be different in rural due to smaller and more dispersed populations, longer distances and limited availability of delivery infrastructure. The “unit cost of delivery” is, under these circumstances normally higher (Hindle and Annibal 2011, p. 7). Commercial services increasingly locating to the edges of urban centres – targeting of rural populations. Greater potential to utilise ICT in service provision – broadband infrastructure. Ageing population in peripheral areas implies bespoke service provision.

1a. Context: Review of Literature and Issues

1b. The National Spatial Strategy Baseline

2. The Study Area

3. Methodology

• Data collected as part of an

INTERREG Project (NW Europe)

• Survey Work in South Kerry 1. Mapping of Public Service Provision

2. Survey of c.1000 citizens on community vibrancy:

Indictors of Economic, Socio-Cultural and Environmental Vibrancy.

4. Survey Findings

A. Levels of Service Provision

B. Perceptions of Rural Vibrancy

Services and Amenities identified in the National

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A. Town Amenities

Regional Transport Linkages 1 1 1 1 4 100

Second Level School 1 1 1 1 4 100

Adult Education Opportunities 1 1 1 1 4 100

Health Centre 1 1 1 1 4 100

Day Hospital/Clinic 1 1 0 1 3 75

Pharmacy 1 1 1 1 4 100

Community-Based Healthcare Options 1 1 1 1 4 100

Garda Station 1 1 1 1 4 100

Court Services 1 1 1 1 4 100

Enterprise Centre 1 1 1 1 4 100

Training Opportunities 1 1 1 1 4 100

Electoral Area Plans 1 1 1 1 4 100

Sports, Amenity and Play Areas 1 1 1 1 4 100

Cultural Facilities 1 1 1 1 4 100

Seasonal Tourist Office 1 1 1 1 4 100

Range of Retail Shops 1 1 1 1 4 100

Entertainment Services 1 1 1 1 4 100

Town Council / Electoral Area Meetings 1 0 0 0 1 25

County Council Office 1 1 1 1 4 100

Library 1 1 1 1 4 100

Social Welfare Office 1 1 1 1 4 100

Local Development Company 1 1 1 1 4 100

Waste Management Programme 1 1 1 1 4 100

B. Village Level Amenities

Local Politician 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 12 44.4

Post Office 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 21 77.8

Indoor Sports' Area 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 17 63.0

Access to Education Programmes 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 11 40.7

Local Childcare 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 19 70.4

Local Eldercare 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 20 74.1

Community Alert 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 22 81.5

Garda Presence 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 12 44.4

Enterprise Workshop 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 11.1

Multi-Purpose Hall 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 20 74.1

Sports Field 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 22 81.5

Playground 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 13 48.1

Facility for Teenagers / Young People 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 16 59.3

Tourism, Culture, Heritage Groups 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 20 74.1C.Village Nuclei Level Amenities

Shop 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 28 82.4

Pub 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 30 88.2

Local Community Groups 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 33 97.1

Outreach Access to Community Development Officer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 34 100.0

Community Transport 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 32 94.1

Quality Road Infrastructure 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 19 55.9

Local Civic Programmes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 34 100.0

Local Area Plans 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 34 100.0

Amenity Area 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 16 47.1

Total Score 2015 46 44 43 44 18 21 15 18 22 15 19 16 12 17 15 14 13 7 15 14 13 9 10 15 14 17 21 7 8 4 8 5 9 8 576

Target Score 2020 46 46 46 46 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 776

% Score for 20135 100 95.7 93.5 95.7 78.3 91.3 65.2 78.3 95.7 65.2 82.6 69.6 52.2 73.9 65.2 60.9 56.5 30.4 65.2 60.9 56.5 39.1 43.5 65.2 60.9 73.9 91.3 77.8 88.9 44.4 88.9 55.6 100 88.9 74.2

A. Mapping Service Provision

0 20 40 60 80 100

Enterprise Workshop

Access to Education Programmes

Local Politician

Garda Presence

Playground

Facility for Teenagers / Young People

Indoor Sports' Area

Local Childcare

Multi-Purpose Hall

Tourism, Culture, Heritage Groups

Local Eldercare

Post Office

Community Alert

Sports Field

% of small towns and villages

Percentage of Small Towns and Villages in South Kerry that have the Services specified in the NSS

Blue= Community Green = Statutory

0 20 40 60 80 100

Amenity Area

Quality Road Infrastructure

Shop

Pub

Community Transport

Local Community Groups

Outreach Access to Community…

Local Civic Programmes

Local Area Plans

% of Communities

Percentage of Small Towns and Villages in South Kerry that have the Services specified in the NSS

Blue= Community Green = Statutory

0

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s Distribution of the Services specified in the NSS for each Settlement Tier as

indicated by the Percentage of Amenities each Settlement has.

0

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Distribution of the Services specified in the NSS for each Settlement Tier as indicated by the Percentage of Amenities each Settlement has, by Community Forum Area

Iveragh Kenmare Killarney Mid-Kerry

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Public Transport Services are sufficient to meet local needs.

Local Government provides good value for money.

Local Government services here are good.

Local middle-income earners can afford to buy a house.

We have good public services in this community.

This locality attracts investment.

Most people in this community have decent jobs.

The local policing service is satisfactory

The local economy is as strong here as in other rural areas.

Innovation is valued and recognized in the community.

This community produces entrepreneurs and self-starters.

People with business ideas can get support and advice…

People in this community have a good standard of living.

Local people are good to support local businesses.

Local businesses appreciate local custom.

Strongly Agree Agree Unsure / No Opinion Disagree Strongly Disagree

B. Levels of Agreement or Disagreement with Statements about Economic Vibrancy among Citizens in South Kerry

Citizens’ Perceptions of Economic Vibrancy – on selected indicators, by Community Forum Area

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Kenmare

Iveragh

Mid-Kerry

Killarney

We have good public services in this community.

Strongly Agree Agree Unsure/No Opinion Disagree Strongly Disagree

P<.001, Cramer’s V=.155

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Iveragh

Kenmare

Mid-Kerry

Killarney

Most people in this community have decent jobs.

Strongly Agree Agree Unsure/No Opinion Disagree Strongly Disagree

P<.001, Cramer’s V=.132

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

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core

Economic Vibrancy - Cumulative Score for each community

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Kenmare Killarney Iveragh Mid-Kerry

Mea

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Economic Vibrancy Socio-Cultural Vibrancy Environmental Vibrancy

Cumulative Scores for Communities across the Four Community Forum Areas on the Dimensions of

Sustainable Development

Community Groups i.e. Civil Society provides vital local services and promotes development

5. Analysis and Recommendations

• Usefulness of Targets and Indicators in the NSS (NPF)

• Tailor Targets for particular geographies

• Highest levels of economic vibrancy do not necessarily correlate with service provision – complex relationship

• Highest levels of socio-cultural vibrancy correlate with rurality and volunteerism

• Recognise and Support Community-led Service Provision

• Other factors: Enforcement, Quality, Affordability, Accessibility – Distance rather than spatial hierarchy.

References Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2002) Ireland’s National Spatial Strategy.

Hindle, R. and Annibal, I., 2011. Developing collaborative and innovative approaches to the delivery of rural services. Rural Innovation. http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=RE0239.pdf

Meredith, D. and Van Egeraat, C. (2013) ‘Revisiting the National Spatial Strategy ten years on.’ Administration, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 3–9

OECD, 2010. Strategies to Improve Rural Service Delivery. OECD, Paris.