olpc oceania: bridging the digital divide
TRANSCRIPT
Closing the ICT Gap in Australia's Aid Program
Bridging the Digital Divide in Aid Delivery
Michael Hutak,
Regional Director, Oceania
One Laptop per Child Foundation
Australian Institute of International AffairsSydney, 29 March 2011
“As the world grows smaller, our common humanity
will reveal itself.
Pres. Barack Obama, Inauguration Speech, 2009
Freedom to connect
• “…governments should not prevent people from connecting to the internet, to websites, or to each other…
• “The freedom to connect is like the freedom of assembly, only in cyberspace.”
ICT as a
standalone sector,
not an input to
other sectors
Goal 8, Target 8.F:
“In cooperation with the private sector,
make available the benefits of new
technologies, especially information
and communications“.
Indicators:
8.14 Telephone lines per 100 inhabitants
8.15 Cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
8.16 Internet users per 100 inhabitants
Millennium Development Goal 8F
Benefits of providing access to the Internet
• Every 1% increase in access to the Internet, exports increase by 4.3% across a wide range of developed and developing countries.
- World Bank 2009
Benefits of Investment in Education
• Increases national and lifetime individual earnings and productive output
• Less crime, slower population growth, reduced poverty, a cleaner environment
• Positive relationships between education and: Health
health of family members
schooling of one’s children
life choices made
fertility choices
infant mortalitySOURCE: OECD
AFGHANISTAN
Benefits of Investment in ICT for Education
• builds income-generating skills
• realises productive potential
• stimulates economic development (esp. Infrastructure – power, communications , internet)
• fosters the digital economy, e-governance, transparency
• ensures future long-term competitiveness in an interconnected, globalised world
• SOURCE: OECD
Search in Jan 2011: Latest reference to Digital Divide: Speech by Alexander Downer in 2003.
PIF Leaders’ Pacific Plan
In their Communiqué, Pacific leaders noted:
“the potential utility of the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) initiative and the need for education authorities, where appropriate, to assess the priority to be accorded to it in their countries as a tool for education and disseminating information to rural and remote communities…”
They ALSO “noted the launch of the Pacific Rural Internet Connectivity Scheme (PacRICS) with a view to assessing the usefulness of Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) technology in bridging the communication divide in rural and remote areas;”
One Laptop per Child
One Laptop per Child • Global non-profit organisation
• MIT Media Lab
• First project in Senegal in 1982
• XO laptop launched at WEF in 2006.
• First deployment Feb ‘07
• Mass production Nov ’07
• 2.4m laptops to children & teachers
• Projects in 40 countries in 19 languages
One Laptop per ChildOLPC Foundation
• 1-to-1 computing
• constructionist learning approach
• bridging digital divide
• champion for children and joyful learning
OLPC Association
• develops and manufactures the XO
• manages supply chain
• works w/ Govts, MOEs and partners on deployment
One Laptop per Child Partners
• Governments
• IGOs
• NGOs
• Private Sector
OLPC global private partners
OLPC global public partners
“An education project, not a laptop project…
…children are our mission, not our market.”
The XO laptop• Connected, rugged,
low-cost, low-powered,
Indoor/Outdoor screen
readable in sunlight
• E-book reader
• Loaded with content and
software to foster joyful, self-empowered learning
• Created expressly for the world's poorest children,
living in its most remote environments;
• Suitable for all children, with utility for all families, for
all communities
The XO 1.5 (from Feb 2010)
Rugged, no moving parts, VIA processor, provides 2x
the speed, 4x DRAM memory and 4x FLASH memory.
Runs both the Linux and Windows OS.
• VIA C7-M 1GHz Ultra Low Voltage Processor
• 1GB DDR2
• 2GB/4GB/8GB NAND Flash Storage
• Compressed JFFS2 file system: ~1GB
• Integrated Wireless
• Audio and Video Support
• USB 2.0 Ports (3)
• SD Card slot
• US$209 unit cost
• US$250 TCO
SIERRA LEONE
XO ships with >100 approved applications
19 address literacy
22 address numeracy.
• Documents
• Chat, mail and talk
• Media creation (music, images, video, audio)
• Programming
• Maths & Science
• Maps & Geography
• Media players
• Games
• Teacher tools
• Collections
Dual boot: Sugar (Linux) and WindowsXP PALESTINE OT
• Children lack opportunity not capability
• Learning to learn; learning by doing
• Inquiry beyond school, school hours
• Reaching the poorest, most isolated kids
• Using ICT to learn, not learning to use ICT!
a child-centred approach
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Five core principles
1. child ownership*2. low ages3. saturation4. connection5. free & open source* In the Pacific,
child is custodian
SOLOMON ISLANDS
2
Source: Plan Ceibal – Uruguay deployment 2009; 400,000 students received laptops and took part in survey.
3
Source: Peru deployment of 500,000 laptops to children in Peru; 80% of students included in survey results.
Extending the time for learning
Educational impact
Afghanistan: across six schools, an average improvement of 21.33% in standard test results after just 2 months classroom use.
Evaluations to date*:
• Haiti
• Uruguay
• Nepal
• Solomon Islands
• Ethiopia
• Australia
• MTC* Evaluations of One Laptop per Child,
OLPC Learning Group, 2010
PERU
SIG Evaluation: Recommendations
1. more teacher training 2. more guidance for parents
and communities3. adapt curriculum for
digital delivery4. train local community in
tech support5. address power solutions6. provide peripherals:
printers, ‘mice’, servers7. close involvement MOE8. sufficient laptops for new
enrolments 9. install M&E at outset;
establish baseline data
2.4m kids, 40 countries, 19 languages
The Pacific
• World’s largest ocean –pole to pole
• 46% of Earth's water surface
• 32% of Earth's total surface area
• Larger than all of the Earth's land area combined.
• approx. 25,000 islands
Pacific education & development
• c. 1.7m children aged 6-12• 40% 6-12yos attend no school• Church sector has more skills and capacity• Movement to preserve indigenous languages• Challenges from poverty, climate change, globalization,
disasters, rapid population growth and urbanization
Pacific dev partners
• Australia• New Zealand• Japan• China• Taiwan• USA• European Union
• SPC, PIFS• ITU• ADB• UNESCO• World Bank• UNDP• UNICEF• Corporates, HNW
Regional Partnershipprovide every child with a rugged, low-cost, low-powered, connected laptop, loaded with content and software for collaborative, self-empowered learning
Target: 700,000 kidsin Basic Education in 22 Pacific island nations.
One Laptop per Pacific Child
SOLOMON ISLANDS
OLPC requested by the governments of:
• Fiji • Samoa*
• FSM* • Solomon Is.*
• Nauru* • Tokelau
• Niue* • Tonga*
• Palau • Tuvalu*
• PNG* • Vanuatu *
• RMI • Fr. Polynesia
• Cook Is.* • Kiribati
• New Caledonia * = active projects
Funds expended – US$2.5 million:
• OLPC donates 5000 laptops to Pacific worth US$2m
• OLPC and SPC assign resources worth US$500k.
>6000 XOs in 41 schools in 10 Pacific countries.
Funds expended – US$2.5 million:
OLPC donates 5000 laptops to Pacific worth US$2m
OLPC and SPC assign resources worth US$500k.
Pacific Education Development Framework (2009-15)
“Preliminary results from OLPC trials show Pacific countries can make a quantum leap forward in realising goals of access, quality and equity in education…”
SOLOMON ISLANDS
OLPC Policy touchstones
1990 – Convention on the Rights of the Child
2000 – Dakar Framework on Education for All
2000 – Millennium Development Goals
• MDG 1 – poverty and hunger• MDG 2 – universal primary education• MDG 3 – gender equality• MDG8f – “In cooperation with the private sector,
make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications.”
2005 – Tunis Commitment to bridge the digital divide, WSIS
OLPC Policy touchstones
2007 – The Pacific Plan, Pacific Islands Forum
2007 – Pacific Regional Digital Strategy, Pacific Islands Forum
2009 – Pacific ICT Ministerial Forum Communique
2010 – Pacific Education Development Framework
2010 – Framework for Action on ICT for Development in the Pacific
One Laptop per Pacific Child
• Focus on partnership
• Empowerment of communities
• Country-led national programmes
• Regional coord & tech assistance
• Country-to-country exchange
• Collaborative, inclusive approach
NIUE
OLPC Oceania
• a coalition of global, regional, national, local and individual actors
• governments, donors, civil society, educators, academics and volunteers
• TA to countries to establish 1-to1 computing as a sustainable reality.
SOLOMON ISLANDS
‘Every PACRICS site is an OLPC hub’
• Small 1.8m satellite dishes and ‘network-in-a-box’ server allows Internet connectivity, WiFinetworking
• SPC’s Rural Internet Connectivity System (PACRICS) programme is highly complementary with OLPC.
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Pilot Phase: lessons learned
• OLPC adds value for children, communities, countries
• aligns with Pacific goals and plans, inc. the MDGs
• High country-level demand in the Pacific
• Strong support at both political and community
• Small pilots provide an insufficient evidence base
• M&E integrated at the outset
• Broader-based TA needed to build country capacity
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
OLPC Oceania: project drivers
Strong
Partnerships
Sufficient Planning
OLPC Oceania 2008-15
Country Programs
Trials
Pilots
2008 –09 Pilots in 5 countries
2009-11OLPC introduced and assessed for scale-up 10 PICT countries
2012-15OLPC scaled up to deliver by 2015 one laptop per every child in basic education
Pacific deployment strategy supports sustainability
Develop Community Awareness
•Educate population on program benefits and XO functionality
•Develop social inclusion campaigns to achieve local support
•Launch training programs to promote XO usage, including teachers
Customize XO platform to address local needs
•Meet with officials from the minister of education to align on curriculum requirements
•Develop customized applications
•Digitize textbooks, perform translations
Train the core team
•Government to select 'Core Team' for execution of local program (IT expertise, etc)
•Train core team in all learning and technical elements of the product and program
•Train a set of local trainers who will be sent throughout the country
Develop infrastructure
•Provide advisory/ support for government in development of infrastructure (Electrical, IT, network mgmt)
•Local capacity building (inventory management, logistics, distribution, maintenance, financial tracking)
•Development of Internet access and connectivity infrastructure
Monitoring & Evaluation
•Initial field assessment baseline study
•Monitor initial program roll out; evaluate social, academic impacts annually
A
B
C
D
E
Coord Model: National Core TeamP
olit
ical
Te
am Prime Minister
Min. Foreign Affairs
Cabinet
• National leadership
• Strategy, Policy and Partnerships
• Donor Relations
Pla
nn
ing
Team Min. Treasury &
FinanceMin. National
Planning & Rural Development
Min. Community Development
• planning and project management
• identifies schools and sequence of roll-out
Pe
dag
ogy
Te
am Min. Education
• teacher training
• content, curricula
• localisation
• monitoring & evaluation
Logi
stic
s Te
am Min. Public Services
• Supply chain
• shipping, distribution,
• security,
• repairs, maintenance
• Sweat Equity
Tech
nic
al T
eam Min. National
Planning and Rural Development
Min. Info and Communications
• Deployment
• Infrastructure
• Power
• Communications
• Connectivity
Cross-cutting “whole of government” approach • Cabinet sub-committee, led at Ministerial level• Reports to National Planning Committee• Workplan developed at Dept Secretary level• Five core sub-teams...
• Catalytic effect on governments to deliver better quality education
• (by) creating community demand for better quality
• (while) mobilising resources and partnerships to meet demand
• adds value for children, countries, communities and donors
Better quality, value-adding
COOK ISLANDS
We need to know...
Will it work in the region?
Will it work in my country?
Will it work in my village?
We need to gather the evidence to answer these questions
We owe it to our children –and to their future – to find out
SOLOMON ISLANDS
OLPC in Asia
• Afghanistan (4k)• Cambodia (1k)• China (1k)• Indonesia (550)• Philippines (200)• Armenia (3.5k)• India (800)• Sri Lanka – WB (3.6k)• Malaysia (100) • Mongolia (14.5k)• Nepal – WFP (6k) • Pakistan (500)• Philippines (100)• Thailand (500)• Kyrgystan (>100)• Kazakhstan (10k)
SICHUAN, CHINA
Painting created on the XO by child from Gaire, Papua New Guinea, 2008.
Thank you.
www.laptop.org