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UNIDAD 1.Objectives

Taking the Driver License Test

Functions Objectives

Giving commands and making politerequests

Making recommendations

Talking about cars and driving issues

Use the imperatives for commandsand polite requests

Use the imperative in negative form

Use vocabulary related to a vehiclesfront panel and verbs related todriving
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Fasten your seat belt

Manny antryve! a nervous si"teen#year#old high school student! is getting hisfirst lesson $ithMr% &hodekil%

Narrator' Manny unlocks the car door and gets into the vehicleMr. Rhodeki' Manny( Unlock the door for me please) * can+t get in(Mann!' Oh right%%%sorry%Narrator' Manny unlocks the passenger door and Mr% &hodekil climbs inMr. Rhodeki' ,ll right then! $hat+s the first thing a driver must do $hen he gets into

a vehicle- .hat must $e do $ith the mirrors-Mann!' /lean them-Mr. Rhodeki' 0esides cleaning them% ,djust the mirrors( That+s thefirst thing you should do%Mann!' Oh yeah! yeah! no$ * remember%Narrator' Manny reaches for the rearvie$ mirror and adjusts it and the side mirror onthe driver+s side%Mann!' Mr% &hodekil! can you please move the passenger side mirror-Mr. Rhodeki' 1ure thing son! $hich direction do you $ant me to move it-

Mann!' 2o$ about a little to the right%%% O%%! 1top( That +s good%3o$! just a tad up% There! perfect(Mr. Rhodeki' Ok then Manny! fasten your seat belt! and slide your seat for$ard justa little% Manny) it seems to me that you+re a bit too far back%


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Mann!' *s that good-Mr. Rhodeki' 4es! that+s much better% ,ll right Manny! start her up(

Narrator' Manny shifts to reverse and puts the key into the ignition and starts the car

Mr. Rhodeki' Good job son! good job% 3o$ before you shift intoreverse! press do$n on the brake pedal fully%Mann!' This one-Mr.Rhodeki' 3o! not that one( That+s the accelerator( The other oneManny! the other one(Mr. Rhodeki' O%% 3o$! slo$ly! let go of the brake pedal%Mr. Rhodeki' * said 15O.54! 15O.54( .hat is it $ith you! cant you follo$ a

simple order-Mann!' 1#1orry sir%Mr. Rhodeki' ,ll right then! no$ that $e are out of the drive$ay! turn the steering$heel to the right! but keep your foot on the brakes6


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&evie$' *mperatives

*n 7nglish * you learned ho$ to use imperatives to give directions%*mperatives are also used to give commands or make polite requests!in $hich case! they are al$ays used in combination $ith the $ordplease'

8lease! unlock the door

8lease! get in the car

The simple form of the verb is used to form the imperative% The simple form is the infinitive$ithout the particle to'

In"initive #i$%e "or$

to reach reach

to start start


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to shift shift

&evie$' *mperatives

,lso! $ith the imperative the understood subject of the sentence isal$ays you%

This happens because the command or instruction is for the personthe speaker is talking to! and that person is you%

1ee ho$ in the follo$ing sentences! the speaker is talking to you! youare the recipient of the command! instruction or request'

1tart the engine(

1hift into reverse(

*mperative sentences are the only sentences in the active voice in 7nglish that do not require a


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subject 9it is understood:%

&evie$' The imperative in negative form

Making imperative verbs negative is only a matter of adding don&t'

Don&t; simple form of the verb

Don&tstartthe engine(

Don&tshiftinto reverse(

8ractice %Objectives

-eek / Let&s go to Ireand "or the #u$$er0


8lanning tripsGiving advice andrecommendations

Use modal verbs of advice in theaffirmative and negative

Use vocabulary and e"pressionsmake arrangements for planninga trip


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*ve gotticketsto

*reland(

MAR*' ohn! $hy dont $e go some$here e"otic for avacation this year-

O2N' 4eah! ho$ about Miami 0each-MAR*' Hery funny( 3o! * mean lets go to *reland%O2N' *reland- 0y plane-


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Modal Herbs of ,dvice

Modals of advice are used to give recommendations or make suggestions% Modalsof advice include' should! ought to andhad better% ,s $ith other modal verbs! modof advice are al$ays follo$ed by a main verb in simple form% 5ook at the follo$ing

e"ample'a. We

should

plan

our trip to Ireland

modal verb simple form

b. We ought to think about expenses!


c. You' d better hurry! The plane leaves in 5 minutes!


Note/had better and ought to are t$o#$ord verbs% These t$o $ordsal$ays go together% 0oth $ords make up the modal verb itself% The modal had bett


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can be used in contracted form as follo$s'

You had betterput your passport away before you lose it!

or

Youd betterput your passport away before you lose it!

*f you take a look to the sentences above 9a! b and c: you $ill see that thesentences $ith should and ought to are mild recommendations $hile thesentence $ith had better sounds like a $arning of a bad consequence'

4ou+d better slo$ do$n( That car up ahead must only be going =@ miles anhour(


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.hat this sentence implies is that if you dont slo$ do$n you $ill hit the carahead of you% There is a sense of urgency in that request that makes it

sound more like a $arning than a simple recommendation%

Urgency of Modals of ,dvice Thee IN' 2i( 2o$ are you% * $ant to send this package to7ngland! please%3.-. 9taking the package)Do you $ant to send it bysurface mail! first classmail or special delivery-=;>IN' 2o$ much does it cost by surface mail-3.-. *t costs Q>% per pound of $eight! sir%


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=;>IN' 2o$ much does it $eigh-3.-. 9$eighs the package: 5ets put it on the scale and

$ell kno$ its $eight% There' three pounds ten ounces!sir% Thats si" dollars forty five cents 9QA%?@: %=;>IN' 1ounds good% 2o$ long does it take to getthere-3.-.,bout one month! sir%=;>IN' That s a long time% 2o$ about first class mail-

3.-. Thats QC% per pound thats @%=! sir%=;>IN' ,nd ho$ long does it take-3.-.,bout a $eek! sir%=;>IN' O%% *ll send it first class mail%

3.-. /an * help you $ith anything else sir- Do youneed stamps%=;>IN' 4es! O%% give me a book of ten stamps%


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3.-. Thats t$enty eight dollars eighty cents! sir% Thankyou! sir%

8ractice

T487

5,T% ,M%7U&O

87,1*,

O/7,3*,

1urfaceMail

Q=%@per lb

Q>% perlb

Q% Q=?% Q=A%

Fill in the details of the follo$ing dialogues from informationfrom the chart%


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8ractice

1elect the right $ordN$ords to complete the follo$ingsentences%

8ossible choices '

First classmail

1urfacemail

1pecialdelivery

$eight $eigh

=% is more e"pensive than otherkinds of delivery

>%2o$ much does this package -


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?% takes shorter than regular mail%

@% is good for short distances and is

less e"pensive than other services%

, note about $eighand $eight'The $ord :eigh is a verb$hile the $ord :eight is a noun'*%e% , heavy object :eighsmore than a light object! because its :eightishigher%

9verb: 9noun:

arative ,djectives

es modify nouns! they describe ho$ things are 9animate and inanimate:% *n the specific coa letter or package! four kinds of adjectives come in handy% These are'

,djectivesdescribing siEe

,djectivesdescribing

,djectivesdescribing price

,djectivesdescribing $eight


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dimension

large deep /heap light

bulky tall ine"pensive heavy

oversiEed $ide moderate

small reasonable

undersiEed e"pensive

arative ,djectives

ou make comparisons using these adjectives you must use their comparative forms% 5etsparative forms are made'

ort adjectives' add er

% This package is largerthan this other%

1hort adjectives ending in y' drop 9eliminate

the y and add' ier*%e% This package is heavierthan this other%


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5onger adjectives' use the $ord morebeforethe adjective

*%e% First class mail is moree"pensive thansurface mail%

a setence! $hen the second term of the comparison 9second object being compared: is inst use the $ord than% 5ets look at the previous e"amples again'

This package is largerthanthis other%

This package is heavierthanthis other%

First class mail is moree"pensive thansurfacemail%

ce

the comparative form of the follo$ing adjectives'


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0ulky

1mall*ne"pensive

Deep

Tall

.ide

/heap

&easonable

arative ,djectives

es $hen you compare you use the $ord less%pens $hen the second object you are comparing has a given attribute in a lesser degree%

d less is used for all adjectives! short and long! and $hen you use it! the adjective remains


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the follo$ing e"amples'

0ulky lessbulky7"pensive lesse"pensive

Tall lesstall

.ide less$ide

/heap lesscheap&easonable lessreasonable

ce

e blank $ith the correct comparative of the adjective in parenthesis% 9;: indicates more ands less% &emember that shorter adjectives add erNier $hen they are used to indicate more'e' small 9;: smaller


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=% ,ir mail is 9e"pensive ;: than surface mail%

>%This package is 9heavy ;: than * thought% *ll be very e"pensive to mail it%


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=% , big animal $hich produces milk%>% , funny man at a circus%


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*OU' ,sk the price to send a package to /olombia% 92o$ much6%-:3O#TAL-OR=;R' 9takes the package)Offer to $eigh the package%95ets $eigh6%:*OU' ,sk ho$ much the package $eighs%3.-.1ay it $eighs < pounds 9lbs%:*OU' ,sk the price per lb%3.-.1ay it costs Q>% per pound%*OU' ,sk if the price is for surface or first 9=st : class mail%

3.-.1ay that its surface mail%*OU' ,sk about the length of time to get to /olombia% 92o$ long6%%-:3.-% Mention that its three $eeks%*OU' ,ccept %

e dialogue -IT2OUTthe functions%ur o$n name 9not*OU: and send the complete dialogue to your instructor%


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UNIDAD 6/ -e had a bast0


Talking about shorttrips and recreationalactivities

Talking about pastevents

Framing past events intime

Use past tense todescribe recreationalactivities and narrateshort trips

Distinguish and usepast tense forms ofregularNirregular verbsin affirmative form

Use vocabulary

related to recreational


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activities

Use time markers toframe past events

ng' .e had a blast(

nd 2enry have just returned from their trip to Ft% 5auderdale! Florida% &ead as they tell 8eteir e"perience%

R/2ey you guys( * see you got back from your trip! so tell me ho$ it $as(R*/*t+s good to see you again 8ete( Oh man! it $as great( .e had a blast(;N/.e sure did( 2o$ever! * must say that the first fe$ days $ere augh%R/&eally- .hat happened-

;N/.ell the first day $e got to Ft% 5auderdale! $e realiEed that $e forgot to makegements for our stay there%R*/4eah $e didn+t call any of the hotels before $e left% .e thought that $e could probably


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ap motel near the beach $hen $e got there) but! $hen $e arrived! everything $as full( Thn+t any vacancies any$here(

R/1o $hat did you do-;N/.e $andered around the beachside a little $hile $ith our backpacks%;N/.e finally found a place near the beach and moved in%R/1o $hat did you do the rest of the time you $ere there-

;N/.e $ent s$imming nearly everyday and $e got sunburned(R*/4eah! $e $ere out in the sun so long that $e got a pretty bad sunburn( The ne"t day $

in some pain(R/That doesn+t sound like it $as fun%;N/That part $asn+t! but all in all $e had a great time%R*/.e $ent hunting for seashells the follo$ing day! despite our sunburns(;N/The $ater $as a little cold! but it felt good on our sunburns(R/4ou guys really had a good time! didn+t you- * just $ish * could go do$n to Florida $heeather isn+t cold and gloomy% * $ould enjoy a change from this Minnesota $inter(

ce

rue or False for the follo$ing statements


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=% The first fe$ days of aren and 2enrys trip $ere very comfortable%

>% They planned their trip before getting there%


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.e $ent s$imming9past tense of go: ; gerund

nearly everyday

.e$ent hunting

9past tense of go: ; gerund for seashells

ce % They $ent in the sea%


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r >erbs

ple past is created simply by adding J7D to regular verbs% &egular verbs have the same fe simple past and the past participle'

#i$%e "or$ #i$%e 3ast 3ast 3artici%e

1tay 1tayed 1tayed

/arry /arried /arried

.alk .alked .alked

9/lick on the &7D 0OOfor a list of regular 7nglish verbs:

gular verbs! ho$ever! require additional changes to their ending% These is ho$ they creatast form'

Herbs ending ,dd #d 7"amples'


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in elove loved

live lived

Herbs endinginconsonant;y

Drop the y andadd ied

7"amples'

/arrycarried

/opycopied

Herbs endingin vo$el;consonant9e"cept yN$:

Double theconsonantbefore adding#ed

/lapclapped2ughugged

lar Herbs


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the past form of irregular verbs is not as easy as it is $ith regular verbs% .hat makes thesegular is e"actly the $ay in $hich they form their past tense and past participle forms! $hises! are different% The follo$ing verbs are irregular! notice that their past tense and past pare different'

#i$%e "or$ #i$%e 3ast 3ast 3artici%e

/ome came come

Go $ent gone

Do did done

9/lick on the &7D 0OO for a list of regular 7nglish verbs:

e! the most famous irregular verb in the 7nglish language is RbeS% This is ho$ it forms its p

#inguar 3ura


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* $as .e $ere

4ou $ere 4ou $ere

2eNsheNit $as They $ere

ce ?

he correct option%

=% 2e s$am > miles at the beach the other day%>% 1he took a ta"i to CBth 1treet%


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ple past tense is used to refer to events in the past% *t is usually accompanied $ith someions that indicate $hen things happened% These e"pressions are called ti$e $arkers% 5o$ing e"ample'

found some beautiful seashells at the beach ast :eek

ression last $eek is a time marker% Many other $ords are used follo$ing last to indicate $ng occurred in the past'

; day of the $eek' last Monday! last 1aturday

5ast ; month last anuary! 5ast 3ovember

; season or holiday last $inter! last 2allo$een

; night! $eek! year last night! last year

found some beautiful seashells at the beachast su$$er

an use $ords like' yesterday! the dayNnight before! the $eek before! a day of the $eek! m


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date%

The boy found some beautiful seashells at the beach on Frida!Or

The boy found some beautiful seashells at the beach in u!

also use the $ord ago$ith to indicate the amount of time that has passed since somethined'

T$o days ago T$o days have passed

T$o $eeks ago T$o $eeks have passed

found some beautiful seashells at the beacht:o :eeks ago

ing

Unscramble the follo$ing sentences and conjugate the verb in the simple past tense% .ritsentences in the clipboard and save them on a te"t document% Then record your ans$ers


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es bed last night go late to

ee on Tina movie and .ednesday a

air * a mall jeans $eek at of the last

in out sun $e and get the a

Mott along $alk the family the

r you a $onderful cook

stay an they e"pensive in

occer in children the play the

t last be night cold


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miss the Tito

D endings for &7GU5,& H7&01

D A%Objectives

-hat did !ou do over the :eekend% .e played against non#professional players

% Toms team didnt $in%


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?% Tom is a good cricket player%

@% Tom thinks the other team $as dishonest%

A% Tom is very angry because his team lost%B% The local kindergarten cricket team is better than Toms team%

C% Toms team lost badly%

go ; gerund' $eekend activities

@ $e learned to use the combination go , gerundto refer to recreational activities perfortrip or short vacation% *n every#day 7nglish! though! the verb ?Ois used in several combibout activities people normally do in their free time! specially on $eekends'

d activities

?o

for ;

nounNnounphrase

a $alk

a cup of

.e $ent

for a cupof coffee in


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coffee

drinks

theafternoon

to ;nounNnounphrase

the park

the beach

the game

They $entto thecricketmatch on1aturday

outfor ;noun

dinnerlunch

They $entoutfordinner onFriday

gerund shopping

dancing

They $ent

jogging inthe


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jogging morning

ce >

e follo$ing blanks $ith an activity from the list'

to thebeach

out forlunch

s$immingfor a cup of

coffeejogging

for a$alk

shoppingto theOpera

=% .e $ent in the park%

>% They $ent in Fort 5auderdale%

'


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A% They $ent The sa$ ,ida! but didnt like it much%

B% The children $ent in the pool yesterday%

C% My friends $ent in 1tarbucks%

ive 1tatements in 8ast Tense

@ you learned about forming the simple past tense form of regular verbs% 4ou also learnedr verbs have a different verb form for the simple past% *n this $eek you $ill learn to make nnts in the past tense%

g from an affirmative to a negative statement in the past tense is very simple! all you havee au"iliary did; not! or its contracted form! didnt; the simple formof your verb'

They broke the rules .e didnt break the rules


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rue $ith all subjects! singular and plural! and all verbs! regular and irregular'

* had * didnthave * didnt have fun at the game4ou came 4ou didntcome 4ou didnt come to the movies

1he $ent 1he didntgo 1he didnt go dancing on Friday

.e liked .e didntlike .e didnt like that restaurant

4ou $ent 4ou didnt go 4ou didnt go out for dinner

They stayed They didntstay They didnt stay until the end

he verb to be'

* $as * $asnt * $asnt home on 1aturday

4ou $ere 4ou $erent1heNheNit $as 2e $asnt 2e $asnt happy about the result


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.e $ere .e $erent

4ou $ere 4ou $erent

They $ere They $erent They $erent at the game on 1unday

8ractice % 9see:the tennis match on Television-3o! * didnt% * sa$ the results on the ne$s lastnight%

'-

3o! she $ent out for lunch at =>'


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B% 9have: breakfast at the ne$ cafeteriaaround the corner-

4es! * did% * had pancakes and scrambled eggs% *t$as very good(

C% 9get: the ne$ book they $ere looking for-3o! they didnt% *t $as sold out%

,ns$ering 4es N 3o questions

5ets take this question'Did you go to the movies-

To ans$er! start $ith'

*es! ;

affirmative

*es! * $ent to the

moviesOr


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No! ; negativeNo! * didnt go to the

movies

, short ans$er is also possible! and very common$hen speaking'

Did !ou go to the $ovies% My back began to


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*n $eek < you leaned to use modal verbs9shoud( ought to( had better: to give

advice% These modal verbs! in addition toneed to! are particularly useful! and quitecommon! in the conte"t of a doctor $ho tells apatient ho$ to take a medicine or take care ofan injury% 5ook at these e"amples from thereading'

4ou shouldnt bebending do$n so much(

* think you ought toseea doctor% 4ou shouldchange your job! too%

*ll give you some medicine to take but you needtorestmore than anything%

,s you can see from the e"amples above! modal verbs are


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al$ays follo$ed by another verb in simple form' be! seeandrest! in this case%

8ractice % * have a sunburn% My back itches% 4ou 9needto: your back $ith this soothing lotion


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t$ice a day%


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3re%ositiona 3hrases/

8repositional 8hrases are an important component of the

7nglish language%They consist of a preposition 98rep: 9/lick on the &ed book forcommon prepositions : and its object 9Obj% of the 8rep%:!normally anoun or pronoun'

*n the morning

8rep Obj% of the 8rep% 9noun:

8repositional phrases are used to give important information!such as time 9at < oclock:! place 9in the doctors office:!duration 9for a $eek:! etc%*n the particular situation $ere dealing $ith in this unit' taking

about symptoms and taking prescriptions! prepositionalphrases come in very handy to indicate amount and frequency%


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5ook at the follo$ing e"amples'

*n the morningNafternoonNevening

.ith foodN$ater

,t night

0eforeNafter mealsNgoing to bed

0et$een meals

==Anicial of Frequency


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,dverbs of frequency indicate ho$ often something happens%They are very useful to indicate ho$ often you suffer from anillness or ailment% This frequency ranges from = 9al$ays:

to 9never:'* al$ays get a cold during the $inter* never get a cold during the $inter

Or in bet$een'

Frequently * frequently get a cold during the$inter

Generally* generally get a cold during the

$inter

1ometimes* sometimes get a cold during the

$inter


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1eldom * seldom get a cold during the $inter

&arely * rarely get a cold during the $inter

These $ords and e"pressions are also used to indicatefrequency'

T$ice aday

4ou need to take these pills t$ice a day

< times aday 4ou need to rub this on your neck < times aday

? days a$eek

4ou need to e"ercise ? times a $eek

7very % oin the follo$ing $ith the connectorbecause'

"opy to "lipboard

/onnectors #


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/onnectors


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"opy to "lipboard
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