ontology-mediated data integration and access in research ... · solutions for higher education,...

JOWO2017@Bolzano,September21-23,2017

Ontology-mediatedDataIntegrationandAccessinResearchandInnovationPolicyMaking

AlessandroMoscaSIRISLAB,ResearchDivisionofSIRISAcademic

WhoamI?

Atsomepointinlifemathematicallogicturnedmeintoacomputerscientist.NowadaysI’maSIRISLabresearcherworkingintheareaofknowledgerepresentation&reasoning,modalanddescriptionlogics,conceptualmodellinganddatamanagement.


I studiedPhilosophy inMilanoanddidmymaster’s thesisonmodal logic-basedrepresentationsoffirst order quantification. In year 2006, I finishedmy PhD dissertation on a formal model for thedesignofknowledge-basedsystemsforthechemicalcompoundformulationproblem.IhavebeenapostdocresearcherattheDepartmentofComputerScience,Systems,andCommunicationinMilano-Bicocca,workingonKnowledgeRepresentationformalismsbasedonnon-classical logics. I’vebeenan Assistant Professor in the KRDB Research Centre, at the Faculty of Computer Science, FreeUniversity of Bozen-Bolzano (Italy). I joined the SIRIS LABResearchDivision of SIRIS Academic in2014,inBarcelona.

WhoamI?


WheredoIcomefromtoday?

“WeareaEuropeanconsultingfirmdesigningandimplementingevidence-drivenstrategyandpolicysolutionsforhighereducation,researchandinnovation”.

Weareaconsultancyandresearchteamstrivingforprovidingtailor-madeservicesinorganisationaldiagnosis,strategyandchangemanagement.

Human-basedinterpretationsandanalyses,reports,benchmarkingTechnologicaltools(mostlybasedonOBDA/I,DataViz,andTextminingsolutions)Educationandtraining

Atsomepointinlifemathematicallogicturnedmeintoacomputerscientist.NowadaysI’maSIRISLabresearcherworkingintheareaofknowledgerepresentation&reasoning,modalanddescriptionlogics,conceptualmodellinganddatamanagement.

Agendaofthetalk

Fromscenariodescriptiontoneedsand,possibly,requirementsOntology-mediatedandSemanticWebtechnologiessolutions:conceptandexperiencesEverythingdone?Q&AandOpendiscussion


©EuropeanCommission,2016

HenryChesbroughOpenInnovation:ANewParadigmforUnderstandingIndustrialInnovation,2006

Knowledgecreation,diffusion,anduse(‘origination’,'adoption','retention',inevolutionaryeconomicsterms).

OpenInnovation,intheoriginalview:“useofpurposiveinflowsandoutflowsofknowledgetoaccelerateinternalinnovation”.

Linear,bilateraltransactionsandcollaborations.

Need:Transferringknowledge,expertiseandresourcesfromonecompanyorresearchinstitutiontoanother.

OpenInnovation:whereitcomesfrom


HenryChesbroughOpenInnovation:TheNewImperativeforCreatingandProfitingfromTechnology

HarvardBusinessReviewPress,2005

OpenInnovation:howtoinflowandoutflow

IndependentExpertGroupReportonOpenInnovation&KnowledgeTransferDirectorate-GeneralforResearchandInnovation,2014

OpenInnovation2.0

Innovationisseenastheoutcomeofacomplexco-creationprocessinvolvingknowledgeflowsacrosstheentireeconomicandsocialenvironment.

Dynamic,networked,multi-collaborativeinnovationecosystems.

The[current]premiseofOpenInnovationistoopenuptheinnovationprocesstoallactiveplayerssothatknowledgecancirculatemorefreelyandbetransformedintoproductsandservicesthatcreatenewmarkets,fosteringastrongercultureofentrepreneurship.

Need:Knowledgeexchangeandabsorptivecapacitiesfromallactorsinvolved,whetherbusinesses,academia,financialinstitutions,publicauthoritiesorcitizens.



OpenInnovation2.0:twomainelements

1. PublicEngagementTheusersareinthespotlight:aninventionbecomesaninnovationonlyifusersbecomeapartofthevaluecreationprocess.

2. EcosystemCreatingawell-functioningeco-systemthatallowsco-creationbecomesessentialforOpenInnovation.Inthiseco-systemrelevantstakeholdersarecollaboratingalongandacrossindustryandsector-specificvaluechainstoco-createsolutionstosocio-economicandbusinesschallenges.

OpenInnovation2.0:actorsandroles


OpenSciencerepresentsanewapproachtothescientificprocessbasedoncooperativeworkandnewwaysofdiffusingknowledgebyusingdigitaltechnologiesandnewcollaborativetools.Thediscussiononbroadeningthesciencebaseandonnovelwaystoproduceandspreadknowledgegraduallyevolvedfromtwoglobaltrends:openaccessandopensource.

OpenSciencehasthepotentialtostrengthenandenhancesciencebyfacilitatingmoretransparency,openness,networkingandcollaboration,andbyfosteringinterdisciplinaryresearch.

"Inadditiontotheformalsupplysideelementssuchasresearchskills,excellentscience,fundingandIntellectualPropertymanagement,thereisalsoaneedtoconcentrateonthedemandsideaspectsofknowledgecirculation,makingsurethatscientificworkcorrespondstotheneedsoftheusersandthatknowledgeisfindable,accessible,interpretableandre-usable(FAIR)”.

Why(Open)ScienceinOpenInnovationecosystems?

The*G*oalofanopeninnovationecosystem

“Thetranslationofknowledgeintosocio-economicvalue”


‘QuadrupleHelix’approachtoR&IPolicyMaking


Quadruplehelixesdoexist!


“SmartspecializationwasseenasawayofincreasingtheeffectivenessofspendingoninnovationandachievingtheEurope2020objectives.”

PeterBerkowitzHeadofUnitG1(SmartandSustainableGrowth)

DirectorateGeneralforRegionalandUrbanPolicy,EuropeanCommission

Thesimpleintellectualprojectofsmartspecialisationstrategiesisthatregionswillbuildthecapabilitiesthattheyneedtoachievetheirownstructuralchanges.Asmartspecialisationstrategythushastwofacets(Forayetal.,2009)areasfollows:

1. formingcapabilitiesinafewstrategicdomains;2. drivingstructuralchanges.

Smartspecialisationinvolvesbusinesses,researchcentresanduniversitiesworkingtogethertoidentifyaMemberStateorregion’smostpromisingareasofspecialisation,butalsotheweaknessesthathamperinnovationthere

RIS3“Researchandinnovationstrategiesforsmartspecialisation”

Fosterevidence-anddata-drivenpoliciesandcontextinterpretations.

Promoteacultureofaccountability,andtransparency.

Movingtowardsa‘morescientific’impactanalysisoftheinvestments.

Createaneffectivecollaborationenvironmentforuniversities,researchinstitutes,andfirms(see,theEUvisionon‘OpenInnovationandOpenScience’)


Techs@“OpenDataGovernment”

Complete:Allpublicdataaremadeavailable.Primary:Dataareascollectedatthesource,withthehighestpossiblelevelofgranularity,notinaggregateormodifiedforms.Timely:Dataaremadeavailableasquicklyasnecessarytopreservetheirvalue.Accessible:Dataareavailabletothewidestrangeofusersforthewidestrangeofpurposes.Machineprocessable:Dataarereasonablystructuredtoallowautomatedprocessing.Non-discriminatory:Dataareavailabletoanyone,withnorequirementofregistration.Non-proprietary:Dataareavailableinaformatoverwhichnoentityhasexclusivecontrol.License-free:Dataarenotsubjecttoanycopyright,patent,trademarkortradesecretregulation.

OpenDataGovernment:principles

Thetechnologiesbehindthedesignandtheimplementationofsupportplatformshavetobeopen,capableofaccommodatingnewstrategicdemands,newusesandnewdatasources,bothinternalandexternal.

December7-8,2007,Thirtyopengovernmentadvocates@Sebastopol,California


BeFAIR!Supportingknowledgediscoverythroughgooddatamanagement

[F]TobeFindable:

F1.(meta)dataareassignedagloballyuniqueandeternallypersistentidentifier.F2.dataaredescribedwithrichmetadata.F3.(meta)dataareregisteredorindexedinasearchableresource.F4.metadataspecifythedataidentifier.

[A]TobeAccessible:

A1(meta)dataareretrievablebytheiridentifierusingastandardizedcommunicationsprotocol.A1.1theprotocolisopen,free,anduniversallyimplementable.A1.2theprotocolallowsforanauthenticationandauthorizationprocedure,wherenecessary.A2metadataareaccessible,evenwhenthedataarenolongeravailable.

[I]TobeInteroperable:

I1.(meta)datauseaformal,accessible,shared,andbroadlyapplicablelanguageforknowledgerepresentation.I2.(meta)datausevocabulariesthatfollowFAIRprinciples.I3.(meta)dataincludequalifiedreferencestoother(meta)data.

[R]TobeRe-usable:

R1.meta(data)haveapluralityofaccurateandrelevantattributes.R1.1.(meta)dataarereleasedwithaclearandaccessibledatausagelicense.R1.2.(meta)dataareassociatedwiththeirprovenance.R1.3.(meta)datameetdomain-relevantcommunitystandards.


LinkedOpenDataisthestandardtorepresentdataonawiderangeoftopicswhichmakesiteasierfordeveloperstoconnectinformationfromdifferentsources,resultinginnewandinnovativeapplications.LinkedOpenDataenablesa"browsing"or"discovery"approachtofindinginformation,ascomparedtotheusual"search"practice.

TheformallanguagesbehindtheconcreterealisationofaLinkedOpenDatainitiativeare:

RDF(“ResourceDescriptionFramework”):theflexibledatamodelbasedupontheideaofmakingstatementsaboutresourcesintheformofsubject–predicate–objectexpressions,knownastriples;RDFS/OWL2(“ResourceDescriptionFrameworkSchema”/“WebOntologyLanguage”):theschemaandontologylanguagesfordescribingconceptsandrelationships;SPARQL(“SPARQLProtocolandRDFQueryLanguage”):thequerylanguage;RIF(“RuleInterchangeFormat”):aruleslanguageoriginallydesignedtoexchangerulesamongdifferentexistingrulesdialects;RDFa(“ResourceDescriptionFrameworkinAttributes”):thelanguageformarkingupdatainsideHTML-basedWebpages;HTTPcommunicationprotocol(“HypertextTransferProtocol”):theapplicationprotocolfordistributed,collaborative,andhypermediainformationsystems,atthefoundationsoftheso-calledWorldWideWeb.

https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/linked-data

“DigitalAgendaforEurope”,May2010https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/linked-datahttp://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/




http://www.toscanaopenresearch.euusername/password:dao2017/dao2017


Externalcommunication:ValorisetheTuscanR&Isystem.InternalPolicymaking:Supportfortheimplementationofevidence-drivenpolicymaking.


BISTlaunchedinOctober2016thedevelopmentofaninteractivedashboardwithinformationontheaggregateactivityofitssixinstitutes,to:(i)improvetheself-knowledgeofthisnewinstitution,(ii)measureitspotentialforscientificcollaboration,(iii)provideacontinuousinformationservicetoitssixresearchcentres.

BIST:BarcelonaInstituteofScienceandTechnology

RIS3CATMonitoring@GeneralitatdeCatalunya

ConnectandrenderinteroperablepublicdatasetsaboutresearchandinnovationpoliciessupportedwithEuropeanfunding(H2020,FP7andERDF).Maptheactivitiesandcollaborationlinksofpublicandprivatestakeholders.Provideopenaccesstothecompileddata.


Ontology

Mappings

KPIs EXPLORER - I

FULL-FLEDGE ACCESS POINT Compliant SPARQL protocol service

Higher Education & Research

Unstructured Regional Data

Open Data Government

KPIs EXPLORER - II

KPIs EXPLORER - III

Fede

ratio

n La

yer

END USERS KPIs INTERACTIVE VISUALISATION TOOLS, QUERY SYSTEMS, …

ONTOLOGY-BASED DATA INTEGRATION LAYER

DATA SOURCES

Private actors & other agents

Local Governments & Public administration

Civil society

UNI Project office & TTO staff

Proprietary Data

OBDA/I:Aproposalofarchitecture


SPARQL-baseddataaccess:ThekeystoneGobeyondthepre-compiledinteractiveviews


Fullyintegrated(SPARQLaccessible)

European/Worlddata:EducationalInstitutionsRankings(ARWU,THE,QS,NTU)(Notopen-data)CORDISprojects(FP7,H2020)EUROSTAT(selecteddatasets)Worldcountries

Italiandata:UniversitiesbudgetScholars(Aggregateddata)Students(Aggregateddata)PRINProjects(Aggregateddata)

Storedindatabase(notmapped)

European/Worlddata:ETERDatabase(UniversitiesBudget,Staff,Students,PhDs2012-2015)

Notindatabase

Italiandata:RankingsIlSole24Ore,CENSISVQRIndicators

Internaluseonly

GRIDdatabase(Worldinstitutions)NUTSconversiondataset(postalcode,laucode)

The(current?…)UNiCSdatasets


OpenInnovation,OpenScience,andafew,related…

Personallyperceived,‘OBDAOpenIssues’

1. Virtualintegrationovermultipledatasetformats(RDFtriplestore,RDB,no-SQL,forinstance)2. Semi-automaticgenerationandtestingofmappings3. Statisticaldata(‘RDFDataCube’isnotasolution)4. Accesscontrolmanagement,distributedontologiesandmappings

5. Datapublicationandinteroperability(ETLprocessesshouldbedismissed)6. Dataquality(homogeneity,redundancy,inconsistencychecks,incompleteness,etc.)7. Classificationsandconceptualisationsalignment

8. Properontologiesspecification(shoulditbemorethantranslatingaUMLCD?):costsandbenefits9. Ontologyunderstandingandusebynon-technicalusers(visualisation?)

10. Educationandtraining(please,givemebackthe‘maninthemiddle’)


“Sciencemore generally has a critical role acrossmany areas of policy in providing evidence thathelpsunderstandtherisksandbenefitsofdifferentpolicychoices.”

Jean-ClaudeJunckerPresidentoftheEuropeanCommission

ontology-mediated data integration and access in research ... · solutions for higher education,...

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