open access and beyond

UCL LIBRARY SERVICES

Open Access and

Beyond

Dr Paul Ayris

Director of UCL Library Services and UCL Copyright Officer

President of LIBER (Association of European Research Libraries)

e-mail: [email protected]

LERU Doctoral Summer School 2012


Contents

1. LERU Roadmap

2. Green Open Access

3. DART-Europe

4. Gold Open Access

5. Research Data

6. LERU Doctoral Student’s Roadmap for Open Scholarship

2

Professor Didac Ramirez,

Rector of the Universitat de

Barcelona


1. LERU Roadmap

See http://www.leru.org/publications/LERU_AP8_Open_Access.pdf3

http://www.leru.org/publications/LERU_AP8_Open_Access.pdf


LERU Roadmap

The purpose of the Roadmap is to offer guidance for LERU

members, should they wish to use it, to help them steer

their way to developing an approach to Open

Access, Open Scholarship and Open Knowledge which is

appropriate and sustainable

Full version of the history will appear in Festschrift to

Professor Ulf Göranson, Chief Librarian at Uppsala

University, in August 20124

Ponte Vecchio, Florence


Why did LERU ask for the Roadmap?

A number of drivers

Open Access was receiving growing coverage in European

Universities

LERU Rectors wanted to know why

Is Open Access, and all that flows from it, a hallmark of the

University in the 21st century?

LERU has a leadership role for research Universities in Europe

What, if anything, should LERU Universities do?

5


Benefits of Open Access

For researchers

Authors of academic works enjoy increased

visibility, usage and impact for their research outputs when

they are made in Open Access

It is sobering to note that the World Health Organisation

found in a survey conducted at the start of the millennium

that more than half of research-based institutions in lower-

income countries had no current subscriptions to

international research journals, nor had they had any for

the previous five years

6

Barcelona Cathedral



For Society

The free diffusion of knowledge into Society in general

from Europe’s universities aids the building of a knowledge

economy and the raising of scientific and cultural literacy

Professor John Houghton of Victoria

University, Melbourne, has shown that in all the countries

modelled so far (Australia, UK, Netherlands, Denmark and

the US) Open Access works out as the most cost-effective

option for disseminating research

7

Las Ramblas, Barcelona



For others

Economic benefits can accrue across Society, outside the

research sector. Businesses, such as biotechnology

companies, that innovate using basic research as their raw

material – creating wealth in Society in the process –

benefit from Open Access to the information they need

Particularly important when national Governments are

trying to stimulate national economies during the current

economic crisis

8

Barcelona Cathedral


2. Green Open Access

Green Open

Access uses

repositories, i

nstitutional or

subject-based

where –

copyright

permissions

allowing –

copies of

published

outputs are

deposited

9


Analysis of repositories by country10


Green Open Access

and Publishers…

Many journal publishers do allow deposition after embargo

periods (e.g. 12 months) and these embargo periods are

maintained to ensure the continued value of subscriptions

and therefore ensure sustainable business models for

commercially-published journals.

Many book publishers do not allow full deposition (of the

full work) into institutional repositories. It should be

noted, however, that advocates of Open Access would

wish to keep embargo periods as short as possible. 11

Casa Batlló, Barcelona,

Antoni Gaudi


Analysis of repositories by content 12


PEER project

PEER project

See http://www.peerproject.eu

Investigated the potential effects of the large-

scale, systematic depositing of authors’ final peer-

reviewed manuscripts (so called Green Open Access or

stage-two research output) on reader access, author

visibility, and journal viability, as well as on the broader

ecology of European research

The project ran from 1 September 2008 – 31 May 2012

13

http://www.peerproject.eu/


PEER – main findings

Author self-archiving alone is unlikely to generate a critical

mass of Green OA content

The author deposit rate in the PEER Project was

exceptionally low

The acceptance and utility of open access publishing has

increased rapidly

Open access publishing is increasingly important for

publishers, repositories and the research community

14


PEER – main findings

Overall, PEER is associated with a significant, if relatively

modest, increase in publisher downloads, in the

confidence range 7.5% to 15.5%

Publisher downloads are growing at a faster rate the repository

downloads

The likely mechanism is that PEER offers high quality

metadata, allows a wider range of search engine robots to

index its content than the typical publisher, and thus helps

to raise the digital visibility of scholarly content

15


3. DART-Europe and UCL Discovery

Doctoral research theses very popular

UCL Discovery download statistics (April 2012)

16


DART-Europe

DART-Europe E-Theses portal

www.dart-europe.eu

303,232 Open Access theses (as of 22.6.12)

24 European countries

427 Universities

A LIBER service for members (Association of European

Research Libraries)

17

http://www.dart-europe.eu/




18


4. Gold Open Access

The Gold route has been defined as journal publishing

operating with a business model not based on

subscription, but rather on either publication charges

(where the author or an organization on behalf of the

author funds the publishing costs) or on subsidy

Gold Open Access journals do not charge readers and

grant extensive usage rights

19

Palau de Les

Heures, Universitat de

Barcelona


Issues to note

There are two types of OA journal:

full Open Access journals and hybrid journals

While Gold Open Access has been shown

to increase usage, there is no decisive

evidence to date that it increases

citations

Some publishers ‘double dip’ – i.e. charge full subscription

prices as well as charging authors publication fees in

hybrid journals.

Researchers should not to pay Open Access fees in such

publishers’ journals20

Lucas Cranach the Elder

Adam and Eve


Finch Report

See http://www.researchinfonet.org/publish/finch/

Report to Department of Business, Innovation and Skills

UCL responses

See http://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report-in-global-

open-access.html and

http://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report-ucls-david-

price-responds.html21

http://www.researchinfonet.org/publish/finch/

http://www.researchinfonet.org/publish/finch/

http://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report-in-global-open-access.html













http://poynder.blogspot.com.es/2012/06/finch-report-ucls-david-price-responds.html













Finch Recommendations

Gold Open Access is the future

UK produces 6% of world’s global research output

For an extra £38 million to UK HE, UK research outputs

could be published as Gold OA research outputs

Green OA would be for grey literature, theses

22

King’ Cross Station, London 2012


Finch Recommendations

National licensing solutions could extend access to the

National Health Service, SMEs (Small + Medium sized

Enterprises)

£6 million - £12 million extra a year for equality of access across

HE

£1 million - £2 million a year for access by the NHS

23

Universitat Politècnica de

Catalunya, Barcelona


New work by Houghton and Swan

For an individual

institutional policy, as

things stand, Green is

the only affordable and

practical option

JISC Report appearing

imminently - Going for

Gold?

– see http://ie-

repository.jisc.ac.uk/610

24

http://ie-repository.jisc.ac.uk/610





Debate in the UK

Debate in the UK is polarised between the benefits of

Green or Gold

2 solutions not mutually exclusive

Finch talks about a Gold OA future, not set in a timeframe

Also relies on the whole world going Gold OA

Houghton and Swan look at transition issues and the

position NOW

World will not go Gold OA overnight

For the short to medium term, Green route is more cost effective

25


LERU Universities

Going for Gold

One of the recommendations of the Finch Report is that

experiments in Gold Open Access monograph publishing

should continue

Debate to date has been largely about Gold Open Access

journals, not monographs

Some LERU universities, with others, bidding for EU

funding for pan-European Gold Open Access publishing

infrastructure for monographs

26

Professor Kurt Deketelaere

Secretary General of LERU


Master

Repository

Publication

Management

Suite

Institutional

repositoryAuthorsEditorial boards

APIs

OAI-PMH

etc

DP support

Public

Catalogue

Format

transformer

Secure delivery

DOAB

Other

services

Library

plugin?

Catalogues

Finance

Order

management

University

Admin

Orders

plugin?

Orders

plugin?

Book

Master

XML

Metadata

OA Book

PDF

BPCs Subs

KindleHard

copyOther e-

versions

OA Book

PDF

On

demand

Orders

plugin?

Orders

plugin?

Secure

payment

Requests

Fulfilment

Paid-for

versions

Technical

Editorial

Ord

ering

plugin

27


5. Research Data

Data-drive science is replacing hypothesis-driven science

as a methodology for scientific enquiry

Riding the Wave (2010) sets the scene for data-driven

science

See http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/e-infrastructure/docs/hlg-sdi-

report.pdf

28

http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/e-infrastructure/docs/hlg-sdi-report.pdf









UK developments

EPSRC – Engineering and Physical Sciences Research

Council has taken the initiative in the UK

See

http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/about/standards/researchdata/Pages/default.

aspx

Policy founded in 7 core principles

No. 1: EPSRC-funded research data is a public good produced in

the public interest and should be made freely and openly available

with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and responsible

manner

29

http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/about/standards/researchdata/Pages/default.aspx




EPSRC expectations

1. All institutions will promote awareness of the EPSRC

policy

2. Published papers will explain how data can be accessed

3. Each institution will have relevant policies and

procedures, and researchers and students will comply

with them

4. Research data not in digital form must still be made

available for sharing

30


EPSRC expectations

5. Appropriate metadata describing the data will be available

within 12 months of the data being generated

6. If data is restricted, the metadata must explain why and

indicate how access would be possible

7. EPSRC-funded research data must be digitally curated for

at least 10 years from the time it is public

8. Effective digital curation will be provided throughout the

whole lifecycle

9. Organisations will pay for the infrastructure for data

curation via existing funding streams31


6. LERU Doctoral Student’s Roadmap for

Open Scholarship

Copyright OA

publicationData

management

32


Copyright

Manage your copyright

Your institutional copyright and IPR policies determine who owns

copyright in your research outputs. Typically it will be you

Try not to sign copyright over to a publisher as a condition of being

published. Grant the publisher a non-exclusive licence instead

See http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/

Scholar’s Copyright Addendum can be added to a publisher’s

licence, which will ensure that you retain certain rights

33

http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/

http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/


OA publication

Open Access publication

If possible, choose an Open Access Journal in which to publish

PLoS suite of journals and new e-Life journal are major routes to

high visibility Open Access publication

Monograph publication in Open Access is more difficult

Amsterdam University Press is a leading OA publisher

If you publish with a commercial publisher, make sure your

research output is available in Green Open Access in a repository

34

UCL, London


Data Management

Data Management

Ensure that you have a Data Management plan, which covers the

management of your research data throughout its lifecycle

Assign a Creative Commons CC0 licence to your data, to facilitate

sharing and re-use by others

Creative Commons licences are available for many jurisdictions

Ensure that you have access to a trusted digital repository which

will curate your data

Institutional or subject based repository

How much will it cost?

35


If you have been…

Thanks for listening

Happy to answer questions

36

UCL, London

open access and beyond

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