Open Access Journals in Latin America

Abel L. PackerSciELO / FAPESP Program, DirectorFederal University of São Paulo Foundation, Advisor on Information and Communication on Science

6th COASP 2014, UNESCO, 17-19 September 2014

Latin America is the region that proportionally publishes more scientific research in open access

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2013 - WoS Core Collection - 1.6 million articles, review articles and proceeding papers

articles %NO 1 465 212 89% 73% 89% 91% 88% 90% 68%YES 181 470 11% 27% 11% 9% 12% 10% 32%

Total 1 646 682 100% 5% 31% 25% 26% 17% 3%

BrazilOA?

TotalLA USA ChinaBRICS

Western Europe

OA % total % of OATotal recs 76 453 100% 21 024 27% 100%

in journals of LA 15 662 20% 13 886 89% 66%

ArticlesTotal

Latin American

OA % total % of OATotal recs 42 328 100% 13 415 32% 100%

in journals of LA 10 934 26% 9 909 91% 74%

ArticlesBrazil

Total

Latin America is the region that proportionally publishes more scientific research in open access

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n %Latin America 535 439 31%

Brazil 328 913 19%United Kingdom 183 301 11%

United States 102 146 6%India 88 673 5%Spain 83 190 5%Egypt 76 149 4%

Germany 66 878 4%Switzerland 63 106 4%

Colombia 54 718 3%Chile 42 289 2%

Mexico 41 728 2%

DOAJ Articles, September 2014

CountryArticles Country Not OA OA Total

% of country

% total

Total 18292 2583 20875 12% 100.0%Latin America 238 443 681 65% 17.2%

United Kingdom 4086 261 4347 6% 10.1%United States 5408 261 5669 5% 10.1%

Brazil 93 220 313 70% 8.5%Egypt 23 143 166 86% 5.5%India 269 135 404 33% 5.2%Spain 296 119 415 29% 4.6%Japan 341 97 438 22% 3.8%

Poland 219 80 299 27% 3.1%Turkey 89 73 162 45% 2.8%

Chile 16 65 81 80% 2.5%New Zealand 46 64 110 58% 2.5%

Germany 1282 63 1345 5% 2.4%

Scopus Journal List, June 2014

World Rank Portal

Country SizeVisibi-

lityFiles Rich

scholar

1 ResearchGate 3 2 1 12 Academia.edu 5 1 28 43 Scientific Electronic Library Online Brazil SciELO Brazil 4 3 5 24 DIALNET 8 4 3 35 HAL Hyper Article en Ligne 7 9 2 56 DiVA Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet Academic Archive On-line 11 10 6 67 Scientific Electronic Library Online Chile SciELO Chile 13 13 19 78 Berkeley Electronic Press Bepress 2 7 41 329 Scientific Electronic Library Online SciELO 48 8 48 25

10 Érudit Consortium interuniversitaire 35 17 7 1511 Thèses en Ligne TEL 25 18 12 1612 (1) RedALyC Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal 36 15 4 2413 Revues.org 15 5 67 5314 Scientific Electronic Library Online Mexico SciELO México 9 25 32 1015 SciELO Public Health 12 27 25 916 Scientific Electronic Library Online España SciELO España 80 26 31 820 Scientific Electronic Library Online Cuba SciELO Cuba 51 33 46 1426 PePSIC Portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia 65 42 36 17

Latin America is the region that proportionally publishes more scientific research in open access

Top Portals, July 2014

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Latin America is the region that proportionally publishes more scientific research in open access 4/4

Certified In Development All1 Active2 Certified3

1 Brazil 332 279 279

2 Chile 106 94 94

3 Costa Rica 19 14 14

4 Public Health4 16 16 16

5 Cuba 50 46 46

6 Spain 56 38 38

7 Venezuela 56 31 31

8 Mexico 138 119 119

9 Argentina 110 103 103

10 Colombia 168 168 168

11 Peru 17 16 16

12 Portugal 51 37 372005 13 Uruguay 12 12 -

14 Social Sciences 33 - -

15 West Indian 1 1 -

16 Bolivia 15 15 -

17 Paraguay 8 8 -

18 South Africa 46 46 46

2014 18 1222 1031 995

2004

2006

2009

Total Network

CollectionsYear started

Number of Collections

Journals Indexed

1998

2000

2001

2003

SciELO Network – September 2014

• 16 years of regular operation

• Management & funding• national research council / ministry• public funding• development - scientific committee

• 16 country collections• 13 LA, Portugal, Spain, South Africa• 4 still in development• ~ 1 000 journals• ~ 500 000 articles

• ~ 500 000 downloads per day – Brazilestimated 1 million per day all ( COUNTER Code of Principles)

Salvador Declaration on Open Access: The Developing World Perspective

“Open access means unrestricted access to and use of scientific information. … “Open Access promotes equity. …”

“ …. agree that:• requiring that publicly funded research is made available through Open

Access;• considering the cost of publication as part of the cost of research;• strengthening the local OA journals, repositories and other relevant initiatives;• promoting integration of developing countries scientific information in the

worldwide body of knowledge.

We call on all stakeholders in the international community to work together to ensure that scientific information is openly accessible and freely available to all, forever.”

Foundations and drivers

International Seminar on Open Access for Developing CountriesSalvador, 21 September 2005

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Foundations and drivers 2/2

Salvador Declaration on Open Access: The Developing World Perspective

International cooperation – United Nations agencies and United States and Canada Agencies

Bibliographic indexes - Network approach – modus operandi – by thematic areas

Early adoption of IT&C – powered by UNESCO CDS / ISIS

Common economic, social cultural conditions

Increase of national research outuput – increase o number nationally published journals --- evaluation of journals – as research object and ranking for financing --- need for citation index to complement international indexes

However, …LA journals performance is questionable

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q1 q2 q3 q4Health Sciences 6654 0.299 223 0.0% 19% 31% 49%Social Sciences 7395 0.247 238 0.8% 12% 37% 50%

Physcial Sciences 6690 0.423 123 0.8% 11% 26% 62%Life Sciences 4289 0.577 160 0.0% 6% 41% 54%

percentage injournals Median

LA journals

Major area

Distribution of the Scimago Journal Ranking by major scientific area

Scopus, Journal List, June 2014

Political & administrative constraintsPublic and institutional policies on scientific communication

Access to journals, books, database – national portals / consortia

Research communication and evaluation – high ranked journals, - scientific productivism

Journals nationally published – SciELO and others

Journals of Latin America are integral part of the national research and educational systems

> 95% of journals published by universities, societies, R&D institutions

~ 100% non profit, only few journals are auto-sustainable

Fragmentation – one publisher per journal – lack of critical mass, innovation

Still lacking professionalism, openness, internationalization, ….

LA journals main characteristicsCommunicate an important set of national research results ~20%

Nationally and internationally oriented research

~ 100% national editor-in-chief – most active researchers

> 80% of national associate editors and peer-reviewers

30% English journals of Spanish speaking countries

55% English journals of Brazil

mainly national authors and reduced international collaboration

publish in 50% of the 251 WoS thematic categories

> 70% downloads at national level

SciELO Program and SciELO Network - The way forward – Lines of ActionSciELO 15 Years Conference, October 22-25, São Paulo, www.scielo15.org

3 main Lines of action – next 3 years - 2015-2017

professionalization

internationalization

sustainable financing

Discuss the state of the art in Open Access scholarly communication and the challenges faced in improving developing countries academic journals and the SciELO Program

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build a shared - common platform of certified products and servicesfor journal editing and publishing

SciELO Program and SciELO Network - The way forward – Lines of ActionCommon platform of methods, products and services • Manuscript processing, text editing and formatting, Indexing, publishing and interoperability, metrics

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• National and international companies

• Publishers can produce their journal in house, hire part or the entire production • Upload to SciELO server contents on XML JATS-SciELO Schema, PDF and ePUB files

• Services - following international state of the art • Minimize costs • Article processing based budget

• Free or payee

• Technology – main platform is open-source, Web-Mobile interfaces, add-on services

SciELO Program and SciELO Network - The way forward – Lines of ActionInternationalization - dimensions

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• editorial board• manuscript processing

• language

• authorship

Indexing criteria applied by thematic areas and whole collection

Ex. SciELO Brazil – by 2016:

English - minimum, recommended % of articles - 80, 85% biological and medical sciences - 70, 85% physical sciences - 20, 30% humanities and social sciences - 60, 75% all the collection

SciELO Program and SciELO Network - The way forward – Lines of ActionFunding – mix of sources

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• institution responsible• research agencies

• sponsors

• APC Towards autonomous financing US$ 150 – 200.00 per article

APC Model for SciELO Journals- preliminary analysis 1/2Entities involved DescriptionAuthor Anyone of the paper's authorsInstitution Author's affiliation Journal Journal's publisherAgency Funding agency (e.g. FAPESP)SciELO SciELO BrazilNFund National Fund

APC componentsfraction fraction correspoding to each author

APC journal Journal charge - can be zero

APC SciELO

SciELO charge by article by journals based on number of chars, figs, refs and tables. It includes also the value of the APC collector system

APC Fundyearly contribution to Nfund by institutions and funding agencies

APC Model for SciELO Journals- preliminary analysis 2/2

Author Journal SciELO Institution Agency NFund

Author fAPC-T fAPC-T Author fAPC-JJournal fAPC-SSciELO fAPC-J

Institution fAPC-T fAPC-T fAPC-T iAPC-FInstitution fAPC-J fAPC-J fAPC-S

Agency fAPC-T fAPC-T fAPC-T aAPC-FAgency fAPC-J fAPC-J fAPC-S

NFund fAPC-T fAPC-T fAPC-T NFund fAPC-J fAPC-J fAPC-S

transactions of APC between entitiesReceivers of APCsSources of

Payment

Types of paymentcash - credit card

PayPal and similar

cash - bank order

code - credit

SciELO Program and SciELO Network - The way forward – Lines of Action

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Evaluation – multidimensional framework

• degree of professionalization, internationalization and financing sustainability• citations – SciELO Citation Index / WoS : SciELO + WoS journals

• Google Metrics

• WoS and Scopus – as a reference only

• downloads

• social networks - altmetrics

Discussion and ConclusionLA journals are essential ... Golden Open access consolidated

...[but] questioned by the cycle (performance valuation) ...

National – International Orientation

proper balance: English – Spanish - Portuguese authorship management

international indexing

Public funding – change the centrality to authors

5 a 10 journals of international reference – Q1 in international indexes

Salvador Declaration on Open Access: The Developing World Perspective

Thank you !www.scielo.orgabel.packer@scielo.org