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Open Micro‐PMU: A real world reference distribution micro‐phasor
measurement unit data set for research and application development
Emma M. Stewart – Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
July 18th 2017 IEEE PES GM: Big Data Access and Big Data Research
Integration in Power Systems
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Overview
• microPMUs – how we got here, where we are going
• Powerdata.lbl.gov• BTrDB• Use Cases for microPMU data• Contact information
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ARPA‐ funded project which developed a network of high‐precision phasor measurement units (µPMUs) to measure voltage phase angle to within 0.01o
Built Berkeley Tree Database (BTrDB) for collecting raw data at 120 Hz, processing ‘distillate’ streams online, visualizing and archiving dataGetting µPMU data into distribution systems:
• Transitioning to commercial systems• Sold as a quick start kit from PSL with a server and
BTrDB• 40+ are installed in the field (through this
research, 100’s more now)• Utilize combination of 4G LTE, • Possible Locations: Piggy backed onto revenue
metering, where exiting PT and CT locations or at simple plug in customer locations for single phase information
Background to Micro‐synchrophasors (µPMUs) for Distribution Systems
Reference Dataset
LBNL is making a 3-month reference dataset from three micro-PMUs on a 12-kV system available for researchersAvailable through 3 mediums…BTrDB (RHS)Or a bulk download
see powerdata.lbl.gov
Powerdata.lbl.gov a reference microPMUdataset
Download or visualize in
BTrDB
Bulk download
Real time data from an LBNL
building
BTrDB Interface for PowerData Set5
Login
Short section download
Select times
Multiple axes Scalable graph
LBNL Installation (1) • 3 uPMUs in 1 electrical path• Oct 1 2015 to Dec 31 2015
– Normal load at the lab and shutdown period from Dec 24 – 31
• All locations for the data these measurements have been scaled to the primary voltage with the applied PT and CT ratios.
• LBNL 1 (Grizzly bus1 2): – 7.2kV‐120V x 3 0.3 Class PTs – 1.2 Class CT 1200:5A, PSL precision CT 5A: – 0.333mV
• There are two copper busbars of negligible impedance between LBNL 1 and 2 and the following underground cable.
• 6‐750 KCMIL, underground cable, 2459 ft.
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LBNL Installation (2)• LBNL 2 (a6 bus1):
– 7.2kV‐120V x 3 0.3 Class PTs – 1.2 Class CT 1200:5A, PSL precision CT – 5A:0.333mV
• LBNL 3 (bank 514):– 480V/208VL‐L– 1.2 Class CT 9600:1A, PSL precision CT 5A:0.333mV
• LBNL 3 is connected on the low side of a distribution transformer with the following specification
– Delta Y‐G1500/2000 KVA, AA/FA, 12.47kV/480Y‐277V,
– Z=5.75%
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BTrDB – Massive Energy System Analytics
● Archiver / Database● Stores (T, V) pairs● Nanosecond precision● Fault tolerant● Highly scalable● Unique abstraction
● query range (ver)● insert values => ver● delete range => ver● query statistical (ver)● compute diff(v1, v2)
SCE Riverside
Alabama Georgia
Berkeley LBNL Alameda PG&E LBNL/CEC LBNL/NSA
Tennessee
DARPA Pepco
Sandia
Navy Yard
http://btrdb.io/
Michael Anderson ARPA- E Slide
Four Transformative Advances• Immense time series data base bandwidth in the cloud
– 60M inserts per second (ips), 120M queries per second– All 1,700 PMUs in North America generate 2M ips– 300M smart meters generate 0.33M ips– Stream ALL the data to the cloud, innovate on analytics
• Distillation infrastructure with extremely fast change set identification– Operate real‐time on many streams, with holes, out‐of‐order, etc.
• On‐the‐Fly statistical summaries– Over a multi‐resolution store
• Multi‐resolution search and process– Find ‘needle’ events in immense haystacks instantly– Drill down exponentially to analyze– WITH algorithm innovation at the core
• Now in commercial use with
Time scales of measurement and operations are diverse
Key Questions for both research and industryWhat measurements do we need?
Where do we need the measurement and analytics?Who needs the information?
When and How do they need it
Useful Actionable Information
Useful Analyzable Data
Proven Use Cases on Real Data
• Large PV Site Behavior Tracking – State of the PV report – impacts analysis• Disaggregation of behind the meter generation (with one sensor)• Load, Impedance and PV Model validation for distribution planning• High Impedance Fault Detection• Advance prediction of transformer/equipment failure• Future: Control and DER Management system integration for ops
Voltage sag observed at Northern and Southern CA locations – same event 500 miles apart
Sout
hern
CA
Sout
hern
CA
Use Cases: Locating both system and local events
Incipient Failure Detection for Transformers (and other equipment)
• In the US – transformers are in general a big point of failure in the aging distribution system –when the fail, they cause an outage and $$ to replace
• Application picked up the signature below multiple times– Tap change followed by voltage sag – multiple times– We can only see this relational information with synchronized datasets from the uPMU– Tap changer oil leak – signature is evident before normal warning of failure
Tap changer close to failure
Summary• Data Citation: Stewart E.M., et al "Open μPMU: A real world reference
distribution micro‐phasor measurement unit data set for research and application development," LBNL Technical Report 1006408, October 2016.
• Other publications:– Stewart E.M., M. Stadler, C. Roberts, J. Reilly, D. Arnold, J. Joo, “Data Driven Approach for
Monitoring Protection and Control of Distribution System Assets using MicroPMUtechnology” CIRED 2017, Glasgow Scotland
– Alexandra von Meier⇤, Emma Stewart†, Alex McEachern‡, Michael Andersen§, and Laura Mehrmanesh, 2017, Precision Micro‐Synchrophasors for Distribution Systems: A Summary of Applications, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
– Mahdi Jamei, Emma Stewart, Ciaran Roberts, Alex McEachern, Anna Scaglione, Sean Peisert, Online Thevenin Parameter Tracking Using Synchrophasor Data, IEEE PES GM 2017
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Contact Information
• Emma M Stewart (general questions): LLNL stewart [email protected]
• Michael Andersen (BTrDB): [email protected]
• Sean Peisert (powerdata specific questions): LBNL, [email protected]
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Micro-synchrophasors (µPMUs)for disibution systems
Three-year, $4.4 M ARPA-E OPEN 2012 project (2013-2016)Research partners CIEE, UC Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Power Standards Lab
Field installations at Riverside Public Utilities, Southern California Edison, Pacific Gas & Electric, Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Tennessee Valley Authority