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Open Source and Global Development in Epidemiology Training EunRyoung Sa, Akira Sekikawa, Ronald LaPorte Global Health Network Supercourse Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh

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Open Source Model Software development process Traditional model Copyright Source code: Closed Bugs/problems Open Source model Free software, Internet Source code: Open Fast & cheap

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Open Source Model Openness of knowledge Transparent knowledge quality improvement Knowledge sharing time, cost, efficiency Knowledge translation local need, local customization Global sharing, collaboration decentralized development

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Open Movement in Biomedical Science Information sharing & knowledge dissemination for quality improvement Open access journals Open archives, Pre-print servers Open Epidemiologic data Open lecture archives

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Open access journals What: Peer reviewed journal articles available on the Internet for free of charge Why: To improve knowledge dissemination, eventually biomedical science worldwide Examples: BMJ www.bmj.com BiomedCentral www.biomedcentral.com PubMedCentral www.pubmedcentral.gov Smaller independent journals www.jmir.org

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Open Archives What: Shared scientific archives around the world Archives: scientific articles before publishing E.g. Findings from on-going project Standard format (OAI, Metadata) Better search for research Pre-print servers, E-prints, Net-prints Why: To share scientific findings among peer researchers worldwide Broader feedback to improve their research Examples: arXiv.org in Physics www.netprints.org in Biomedical sciencewww.netprints.org Individual authors homepages

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Epidemiologic Data Publishing What: Attached electronic appendices to e-papers Original dataset and/or SAS code Why: Research transparency, open review, extended analysis/ research Good source for epidemiologic training Examples: Individual researcher Hutchon DJR. Publishing raw data and real time statistical analysis on e-journals. {Infopoints} BMJ 2001;322:529-530 Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Original data (SAS files, protocols etc) NTIS (Nat Technical Info Service) NIH grant proposal plans to require by this October

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Open Lecture Archives in Higher Education What: MIT Open Course Ware Opening all MIT lectures free of charge on the Internet lecture notes, course outlines, reading lists, assignment Why: To improve quality in teaching in physics both at MIT and worldwide Progress: Initiated in 2001, will be open soon

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Open Lecture Archives in Higher Education What: Supercourse Faculty open their lectures and share them worldwide free of charge on the Internet Why: To improve Epidemiology training worldwide Progress: Initiated in 1997 fall 4 lectures 80 faculty members Year 2002 1000 lectures 9236 faculty members from 118 countries

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Open Lecture Archives in Epidemiology Lecture transparency Credit for faculty Online lecture publication Lecture citation Open dissemination Mirror sites CD-ROMs Global Health Network Lecture sharing, open review Local customization Translation Local Supercourse Re-sharing process

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Supercourse Local Customization Translation Local lectures Re-sharing

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Local Supercourse Site NameLocation, URL, # of Lectures Health, Environment, Sustainable Development Hokaido University, Sapporo, Japan http://www.med.hokudai.ac.jp/~senior-w/supercourse.html 20 lectures Global Pathology Supercourse Dokkyo University, Tochigi, Japan http://www.dkkyomed.ac.jp/dep-k/dli-path/WASP-Glo.html 8 lectures Behavioral Science Supercourse Hong Kong University http://www.commed.hku.hk/super.course/index.htm 16 lectures Rehabilitation Supercourse U of Pittsburgh, US http://www.shrs.upmc.edu/supercourse/index.htm 28 lectures Health Library Supercourse Virtual Library of Health, Cuba http://bvs.sld.cu/sc/lecciones.html 23 lectures in Spanish FSU Supercourse Novosbirsk, Russia http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/national/index.htm 15 FSU National Health Profile lectures 15 Russian lectures and 22 English lectures

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