open source and the eupl on software ip - joinup.eu · 2017-10-03 · open source and the eupl on...
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Impacts ofOpen Source
and the EUPL
onsoftware IP
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
Steam 6 Industry Challenges
C) Software patents,
open source,
business methods
Patrice-EmmanuelSchmitzLegal expertwww.osor.eu
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What is this presentation about
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
The production (not the use) of
free/ open source software* by governments
* F/OSS or OSS, or Free Software, OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS
Government expectations from adopting
the F/OSS model
IP requirements and EU actions:
The European Union Public Licence(EUPL) and its impact
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Software production in Europe…
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• ICT economy is 10% of GDP in developed countries…
but may represent 50% of economic growth!
• Software production is a €200 billion market in 2010.
20% of total spending on ICT…but accounting for 54% of ICT employment (high skill jobs)*
• Public sector is a prominent “entrepreneur” in software production.
* BSA - Business Software Alliance Feb 2010
e-Government
Health
Education
Taxes / Custom
Environment
GIS
Mobility
Content
SecurityJusticeStatistics
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Free / Open Source Software?
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
Based on 4 freedoms / 10 principles *
• Run the program, for any purpose,
• Study how the program works,
• Change/improve it according to needs,
• Redistribute to anyone.
� http://www.gnu.org/philisophy/free-sw.html
� http://www.opensource.org/docs/osd
F/OSS has an irreversible economic impact:
• Everyone uses it, somewhere…
• 50 billion $ for the sole Linux market.
• Speeds-up innovation and development.
freedoms
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2010: confirming F/OSS growth *
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• 38% organisations expect to migrate mission-critical software to F/OSS in the next
12 months.
• OSS = 20% of all software developments in 2009,
23% in 2010,
27% by 2013…
• Challenge is around training (developers, lawyers) and
senior management support (culture of sharing / licensing).
• Public Sector is the most sceptical about potential cost
savings (10% over the software lifetime, vs more than 40%
in financial sector), but is the most open to sharing.
* accenture survey – august 2010
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Knowing that free software is not for free…
Our project should
deliver final results in 3
months. What about
that software we need?
Don’t worry, I already
talked to procurement
people. They will use
the fast procedure.
Great!
How long will it take ? Only six months!
Cost savings is not the main driver, say more than 90% of
public sector stakeholders. *(F/OSS business model is
service based).
Uptake is driven by:
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• Quality
• Reliability
• Speed
* accenture survey – august 2010
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Public sector challenges (2010):
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• Doing more (and doing better) with less money.
• Not reinventing the wheel, while legal framework is (widely)
global & European, but implementations are local.
• Sharing (= benchmarking, harmonising, re-using,
localising) software, know-how and best practices.
• Common interoperability standards, between fragmented
technical implementations.
Is this not sounding like the Open Source
model ?
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Classical and preliminary IP question *
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• Software owned by governments = public sector assets (intellectual property).
• Open source licenses give/transfer rights to any third party (no discrimination) for any use (even commercial) and it
authorises re-/sub-licensing !
• According to the principles of public accounting, can
governments give goods to (private) third parties?
* i.e. Consip – Italy 2008
Carlo Vaccari - The experience of
introducing the EUPL at Istat (27.09.2010)
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Classical answers *
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• The benefits of open source developments have
been acknowledged by the political authority.
• There is no “cession” of public IP, because there is no
deprivation.
• The Open Source model fits with the general criteria of
efficiency, good performance and economy, since it allows, at least potentially:
– cost savings on software development;
– support from a community (corrective maintenance);
– improvements (quality, speed, evolutive maintenance).
* Culture Commission (Chamber of Deputies - Roma)
Carlo Vaccari - The experience of introducing the EUPL at
Istat (27.09.2010)
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At EU level…
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
EU Ministers acknowledge the need for sharing technologies and solutions:
EU Ministerial Declaration
approved unanimously on
24 November 2005, Manchester, United Kingdom
EU Ministerial Declaration on
eGovernment approved unanimously
on 18 November 2009 in Malmö,
Sweden,
How?
• The Open Source model could be promoted for use in eGovernment projects.
• Member States will promote the adoption of open standards in public administrations and share experiences…
• Member States will share technologies, where appropriate developcommon solutions and work towards interface harmonisation of existing solutions (in the field of eProcurement).
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Licence requirements
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
First question: To be or not to be “copyleft”?
Copyleft licences: software may
be re-distributed only under the
SAME licence
(and is therefore protected against
appropriation)
Permissive licences:
software may be re-distributed
under any licence
No protection against appropriation
(BSD, MIT, Apache)
Moderated: no impact on combined works
(LGPL, MPL)
Strong: invasive to all combined works
(GPL)
Choice: Be “copyleft” (refusal of the risk to pay royalties for a combined work based on software originally licensed), but be interoperable!
EUPL
Interoperable: when needed, derivative / combined works can be distributed under another (listed) copyleft licence
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Other requirements for the EUPL
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• Must exist in all official EU languages
• Any linguistic version is valid (no need for sworn translator)
• Conformity with European copyright law checked
• Uses European copyright law and terminology
• Covers “communication to the public” (including SaaS)
• Defines applicable law (MS of the Licensor) and venue
• Realistic approach of warranty and liability
• Detailed… but comprehensive: based on legal principles,
not on technology and business practices
• Realistic approach of IPR and patents
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Implementing patented standards? FRAND licensing?
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
Contrary to the new GPLv3, the EUPL (like most other copyleft licenses) is not “incompatible-by-design” with patented standards
& FRAND licensing,
However:
• Freedom in (re-)distribution / sub-licensing
is inherent to open source.
• Royalties cannot be managed (EUPL says
that distribution is « royalty-free »).
Need to invent standard licensing terms that are compatible with
F/OSS activity, i.e. FRAND % of licensor sales during a limited
period of time…
?
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Impact of the EUPL
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• Community recognition:
– OSI approved (March 2009)
– FSF (EUPL is a “free software license”)
• Initial objective reached (allowing EU institutions to licence
their own software).
• Bringing Member States to adopt the F/OSS model: The EUPL
is used by 30% of the projects from the European Commission
“Software Forge” (www.OSOR.eu). Proportion is growing.
• EUPL used by other public and private licensors (other forges).
• Commission VP Neelie Kroes (digital agenda) refers to the
EUPL for easy licensing under the EU legal framework. *
* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ok100U4Fo3Y&NR=1
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Examples in Member States:
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• Estonia – Interoperability Framework / 2009
I.F. requires that software developments commissionedby the public sector should be freely used on the basisof the EUPL licence.
• Spain - Royal Decree 4/2010
“EUPL will be procured, without prejudice of other licences that can guarantee the same rights…”
• Malta - Government policy GMICT P 0097 (1 June 2010)
“Government shall seek to facilitate distribution of OSS Government solutions under the EUPL. ”
• The Netherlands – NOiV licence wizard
Recommends the EUPL for software owned by government.
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Conclusions
Intellectual Property Summit, Brussels IP-2010
• Still a long way for implementing the Malmödeclaration, but practice runs faster than “the law”…
• Commission Directorates and EU agencies use the EUPL, even if the licence is still quite “virtual” in the draft EIF v2.0 and Digital Agenda.
• The EUPL – supported by other EC actions like www.osor.eu is not a “legal curiosity” anymore.
“The increasingly well developed legal infrastructure around
Open Source Software, also thanks to initiatives such as the EUPL, provides a solid and reliable foundation for public
and commercial activity, with clearly established ground
rules.”** “PLAYING TO WIN IN THE NEW SOFTWARE MARKET”
REPORT OF AN INDUSTRY EXPERT GROUP ON A EUROPEAN SOFTWARE STRATEGY, June 2009
ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/ict/docs/ssai/European_Software_Strategy.pdf
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Unisys Corporation Page 17
Thank you.
Patrice-Emmanuel SchmitzLegal expertwww.osor.eu
This presentation reflects the author personal opinions and does not commit Unisys, the European Commission or any other stakeholder