OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

Sarvesh MauryaLucky Jain

Guided By-Vikas Sir

What is Open Source Software?

• The program must be freely distributed.• Source code must be included.• Anyone must be allowed to modify the source code.• Modified versions can be redistributed.• The license must not require the exclusion of other software

or interfere with the operation of other software.

By 2015, 80% of allcommercial software

will contain open source code.

Open Source

The “Open” Standard• To comply with the Open Standards Requirement, an

"open standard" must satisfy the following criteria. If an "open standard" does not meet these criteria, it will be discriminating against open source developers.• No Intentional Secrets: The standard MUST NOT withhold any detail

necessary for interoperable implementation. As flaws are inevitable, the standard MUST define a process for fixing flaws identified during implementation and interoperability testing and to incorporate said changes into a revised version or superseding version of the standard to be released under terms that do not violate the OSR.

• Availability: The standard MUST be freely and publicly available (e.g., from a stable web site) under royalty-free terms at reasonable and non-discriminatory cost.

The “Open” Standard (continued)

• Patents: All patents essential to implementation of the standard MUST: • be licensed under royalty-free terms for unrestricted use, or • be covered by a promise of non-assertion when practiced by open source

software

• No Agreements: There MUST NOT be any requirement for execution of a license agreement, NDA, grant, click-through, or any other form of paperwork to deploy conforming implementations of the standard.

• No OSR-Incompatible Dependencies: Implementation of the standard MUST NOT require any other technology that fails to meet the criteria of this Requirement.

Features of Open Source• 1. Free Redistribution

• 2. Source Code

• 3. Derived Works

• 4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code

• 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups

•

Features of Open Source (Continued)

• 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor

• 7. Distribution of License

• 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product

• 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software

• 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral

History

• The Free Software Movement was started in 1983 but was later called Open Source Software because its more appealing to the corporate world.

• Software developers release OSS to allow users to see how their software works and build upon the software.

• The ultimate goals of OSS is to let the finished product be more understandable, modifiable, and accessible while it is still valuable

Urban Myths• Open Source is just a way to publish – No

• Open Source is Public Domain – No

• Open Source is Viral – Not Necessarily

• Open Source is Immune from Patent Rights – No

How The Open Source Software is developed

COMMON LICENSES

The GNU “General Public License” (GPL)

No standard open source license, but GPL most widely used (roughly 85% of open source software);Terms include:

1.User freedom to distribute and/or modify2.Requirement that original and modified source code be always made available to the world under the terms of the original license3.Must retain copyright notices and warranty disclaimers4.Does not include grant of patent licenses

The Mozilla Public License

Terms include:1. Very similar to the GPL but, Can charge royalties for modified versions2. Can include source code within larger works licensed under different license types, thus license does not ‘infect’ all downstream projects3. Must retain copyright notices and warranty disclaimers4. May provide additional warranties to downstream users but may have to indemnify original developer for any claims arising as a result5. Include grant of patent licenses

The IBM Public License

• Terms include:• User freedom to distribute and/or modify;• No requirement for source code availability in

downstream distribution• The program can be distributed in executable form

thus allowing downstream users to develop, sell, and install customized software packages without having to make all customizations available to the world

• Must retain all copyright notices and warranty disclaimers

More common License• BSD/MIT/Apache Style License:

• More permissive licenses• Generally allow freer distribution, modifying, and license

change; much like public domain software• No future open source requirement

• May require attribution• Variants may include non-standard restrictions

• E.g., no military use – but not OSI-compliant• Disclaims Warranties• Subject to third-party patent claims

Using a GNU License• In order to comply with GNU standards, an author must

include some things with the source code• A Copyright statement, with the year the program was finished• A permissions statement saying the program is released under

the GNU or Lesser GPL• A copy of the GPL License itself

Example GPL Copyright statement

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Leading OSS Open Office

Implementation of Microsoft’s Office

UbuntuAn Operating system

Gimp Implementation of Adobe Photoshop

Apache ServerMost popular HTTP web server used

• Closed Source• The source is private and owned by someone. Usually you’d have

to pay for the source code if its even for sale.

• Freeware• Free software. It has nothing to do with the source code being

available or not.

• Source Available• The source is available to look at, but not modify or distribute.

Allows users to understand how the software is working.

Open Source vs. Other Types

Open Source Pros○ Take control of your software

○ Low cost Ownership

○ Less marketing and overall cost goes into making OSS

○ Greater Security & Quality

○ Continuity

Open Source Cons• There aren’t really any rules or steps to follow when

developing. The lack of stages in developing can lower productivity in the long run.

• Larger projects can become overwhelming to an unorganized group of programmers trying to develop OSS.

• Open source solutions may require additional development to enable integration with an existing proprietary environment. Some open source solutions may never work well with established proprietary products

OPEN SOURCE IN GENERAL

SOURCES• Wikipedia.org• Opensource.org• Gnu.org• Howstuffworks.com/question438.htm

• Book (Google books)V., Mikko. The Rise of Open Source Licensing : A Challenge to

the Use of Intellectual Property in the Software Industry

Thank You

If you have any query please ask