Opioids and criminal justice in CT

Presented by:

Ivan Kuzyk, Kyle Baudoin, Kendall Bobula

June 9, 2017

The New York Times, June 6, 2017

OPM’s Criminal Justice Policy

and Planning Division

monitors developments in the

state criminal justice system.

We became aware of dramatic

increases in the number of

people entering the criminal

justice system with issues

related to opioid use.

We also began to map opioid

deaths using OCME date.

2005 2010 2015

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

Peak gun

deaths

(1993)

Peak HIV

deaths

(1995)

Peak car

crash deaths

(1972)

59,000 to

65,000 people,

estimated to

OD deaths in

2016.

Drug overdose

deaths, 2004 to 2016

Source: The New York Times, June 6, 2017

Overdose deaths and homicides in CT, 2004 to 2016

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Drug

overdoses

Homicides

917

729

558

498 366 328 289

79 151 144

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths to

homicides 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.4 2.4 4.8 5.5 5.7 11.6

Source: CT OCME

Overdose deaths by age and race/ethnicity, 2010 to 2016

3 1 1 2 5 8 74 4 6 39

14 17

47

84

70

100 103

128

148

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths 18 to 29 year olds

BlackHispanicWhite

2 1 6 6 3 61212

6 11 13 915

2130

49

6372

96

132

164

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths, 30 to 38 year olds

Black

Hispanic

White

7 6 8 6 6 717

11 8 9 1319 20 22

6859

51

84

9988

133

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths 39 to 46 year olds

Black

Hispanic

White

6 412

21

4 821

3 6 8 13 14 1324

64

50 54

70

91

116 121

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths 47 to 53 year olds

Black

Hispanic

White

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths 54 to 97

BlackHispanicWhite

Deaths have increases

across age and

race/ethnicity

71%65%

72% 74%

9% 10% 12%6%

13% 13%8% 9%

6%

13%8%

11%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Statewide Norwich Middletown Groton

WnH % BnH % Hisp. % Oth. %

23%

32%

16%

53%

32% 33% 35%

13%

38%

27%

43%

24%

7% 7% 5%10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Bridgeport New Haven Hartford Stamford

33%

66%

83%

92%

27%

10%5%

1%

33%

17%

7%3%

7% 7% 6% 3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Towns over100,000

Towns 50k to 99k Towns 15k to49.9k

Towns under 15k

71%65%

72% 74%

9% 10% 12%6%

13% 13%8% 9%

6%

13%8%

11%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Statewide Norwich Middletown Groton

WnH % BnH % Hisp. % Oth. %

23%

32%

16%

53%

32% 33% 35%

13%

38%

27%

43%

24%

7% 7% 5%10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Bridgeport New Haven Hartford Stamford

33%

66%

83%

92%

27%

10%5%

1%

33%

17%

7%3%

7% 7% 6% 3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Towns over100,000

Towns 50k to 99k Towns 15k to49.9k

Towns under 15k

71%65%

72% 74%

9% 10% 12%6%

13% 13%8% 9%

6%

13%8%

11%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Statewide Norwich Middletown Groton

WnH % BnH % Hisp. % Oth. %

23%

32%

16%

53%

32% 33% 35%

13%

38%

27%

43%

24%

7% 7% 5%10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Bridgeport New Haven Hartford Stamford

33%

66%

83%

92%

27%

10%5%

1%

33%

17%

7%3%

7% 7% 6% 3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Towns over100,000

Towns 50k to 99k Towns 15k to49.9k

Towns under 15k

Cities, towns and race in CT

Source: US Census 2010

The state’s major minority

groups are, generally,

clustered in the state’s

largest cities.

In general, as town

population diminishes, so

too does the percentage of

minority residents

Over 100,000, 8%

50k to 99k, 23%

15k to 49.9k, 47%

Under 15k, 22%

WnH %

Over 100,000,

44%

50k to 99k,

32%15k to 49.9k,

21%

Under 15k,

4%

Hisp. %Over 100,000,

51%

50k to 99k, 26%

15k to 49.9k, 21%

Under 15k, 3%

BnH %

Over 100,000, 8%

50k to 99k, 23%

15k to 49.9k, 47%

Under 15k, 22%

WnH %

Over 100,000,

44%

50k to 99k,

32%15k to 49.9k,

21%

Under 15k,

4%

Hisp. %Over 100,000,

51%

50k to 99k, 26%

15k to 49.9k, 21%

Under 15k, 3%

BnH %

Over 100,000, 8%

50k to 99k, 23%

15k to 49.9k, 47%

Under 15k, 22%

WnH %

Over 100,000,

44%

50k to 99k,

32%15k to 49.9k,

21%

Under 15k,

4%

Hisp. %Over 100,000,

51%

50k to 99k, 26%

15k to 49.9k, 21%

Under 15k, 3%

BnH %

Only 8% of CT Whites live in cities

with populations over 100,000; 22%

live in small towns of under 15,000

Among Blacks, 51% live in cities

over 100,000; only 3% live in towns

with less than 15,000 inhabitants.

Among Hispanics, 44% live in cities

with more than 100,000 residents.

4% live in towns with less than

15,000 people.

Source: US Census 2010

Cities, towns and race in CT

Towns % Pop.

Over 100,000 5 18%

50,000 to 99,900 14 24%

15,000 to 49,900 58 41%

Under 15,000 92 17%

Injury towns and towns-of-death

http://arcg.is/2qpeD5n

Deaths by town and rates-of-death

It would be a gross simplification to say that opioid use and

addiction is a suburban, white problem. In fact opioid

abuse is growing among every demographic in the state.

Indexed OD deaths by race/ethnicity and age

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths by race/ethnicity - indexed to 2010

Black ind

Hisp ind.

White ind.

Black Hispanic White

2010 22 32 234

2011 20 29 277

2012 39 41 281

2013 45 52 395

2014 27 57 468

2015 46 79 596

2016 86 101 711

14 to

29

30 to

38

39 to

46

47 to

53

54 to

97

2010 55 44 86 73 31

2011 89 56 73 60 50

2012 81 80 68 75 62

2013 107 91 105 104 91

2014 118 109 125 110 96

2015 155 153 115 138 168

2016 178 199 175 170 195

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OD deaths by age quintile - indexed to 2010

14 to 29

30 to 38

39 to 46

47 to 53

54 to 97

The upshot – opioids is simply pulling more

whites into the criminal justice system

Per capita overdose deaths by town vs. per capita income by town

Although every town has been affected by drug

overdose deaths, less affluent areas of the state are

generally more likely to bear the brunt of this epidemic.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

New

Ca

na

an

Westo

n

Rid

gefield

Lyme

Avo

n

Wo

od

brid

ge

Wash

ing

ton

Farmin

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Sh

erman

Gra

nb

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New

tow

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Stam

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Mo

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aven

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Weth

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nch

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New

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Th

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aston

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dleto

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Win

dso

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Willin

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East Haven

Nau

gatu

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Eastford

Pla

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New

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Ha

rtford

OD Deaths per capita

Per Capita Income,thousands

Overdose deaths, 2004 through 2016, Source CT OCME

Per capita income, Source: U.S. Census 2010

Sprague

Ansonia Waterbury

Canaan

Harwinton

Salem

Essex

Voluntown

127 147 157236 244

318

479162

181 209

262314

411

438

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

CT Accidental Drug Intoxication Deaths

With a DOC Number

No DOC Record

CT Accidental Drug Deaths

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total Drug Deaths 289 328 366 498 558 729 917

With a DOC Number 127 147 157 236 244 318 479

No DOC Record 162 181 209 262 314 411 438

% with a DOC record 44% 45% 43% 47% 44% 44% 52%

Overdose deaths and the prison system

Jail re-interview data, 2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Pre

-tri

al a

dm

itte

es

Age at 2011 pre-trial admit

2011 Pre-trial offenders acknowledging heroin use

Black

White

Hispanic

As long ago as 2011, we had the data to begin to

see the wave coming.

In the data as long as 2011

61

356

18179

9

92

159

1171

18

41

75

0

100

200

300

400

500

Under 21 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50

2011 Pre-trial prisoners admitting heroin useWhite

Hispanic

Black

86% 76%

48%29%

13%20%

42%

43%

1% 4% 11%28%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Under 21 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50

14

www.ct.gov/opm/CriminalJustice/Research

OPM/CJPPD – Research

450 Capitol Avenue

Hartford CT, 06106

Approximately 14,500 people are incarcerated in CT

today. The DOC cannot definitively identify which of

these offenders have a history of opioid use.

Drug deaths and incarceration history

Cities and towns in CT, 2010

0.3%1.3%

2.0% 1.8%0.8%

2.1% 1.9% 1.5%0.8%

1.4% 1.8% 1.4% 1.6% 1.9%2.6%

2.0% 1.9%1.2%

0.0%

3.0%

6.0%

9.0%

12.0%

15.0%

Blo

om

field

Brid

gepo

rt

Bristo

l

Dan

bu

ry

Ea

st Hartfo

rd

Fairfield

Gree

nw

ich

Ham

den

Hartfo

rd

Merid

en

Milfo

rd

New

Britain

New

Ha

ven

No

rwalk

Stam

ford

Waterb

ury

West H

artfo

rd

West H

aven

WHN

3.4%

13.9%

0.6%1.5%

3.7%

0.3% 0.4%

3.5%

13.2%

1.5%0.4%

2.4%

12.9%

3.4%4.8%

5.9%

1.1%

3.0%

0.0%

3.0%

6.0%

9.0%

12.0%

15.0%

Blo

om

field

Brid

gep

ort

Bristo

l

Dan

bu

ry

East Hartfo

rd

Fairfield

Green

wich

Ham

den

Hartfo

rd

Me

riden

Milfo

rd

New

Britain

New

Haven

No

rwalk

Stam

ford

Wa

terbu

ry

West H

artford

West H

aven

BNH

0.2%

11.5%

1.2%

4.2%

2.8%

0.6%1.2% 1.1%

11.3%

3.7%

0.6%

5.6%

7.4%

4.3%

6.1%7.2%

1.3%2.1%

0.0%

3.0%

6.0%

9.0%

12.0%

15.0%

Blo

om

field

Brid

gep

ort

Bristo

l

Dan

bu

ry

East Hartfo

rd

Fairfield

Green

wich

Ham

den

Hartfo

rd

Me

riden

Milfo

rd

New

Britain

New

Haven

No

rwalk

Stamfo

rd

Wa

terbu

ry

West H

artford

West H

aven

Hispanics

If we take the towns with

the ten largest populations

of blacks, whites and

Hispanics in the state, we

end up with a list of 18

towns.

Top 10 towns sorted by

group population contain:

•68% of blacks

•64% of Hispanics, and

•19% of whites

In 2010, the 4 largest cities

in the state were home to:

•45.9% of CT black non-

Hispanics

•37.4% of the CT

Hispanics, and

•5.7% of the state’s white

non-Hispanics.

Tableau Link

https://public.tableau.com/views/OverdoseAnalysis/Overdose

Analysis?:embed=y&:display_count=yes&publish=yes